ISOSTATICI`so*stat"ic, a. [Iso- + static.] (Physics & Geol.)
Defn: Subjected to equal pressure from every side; being in hydrostatic equilibrium, as a body submerged in a liquid at rest; pertaining to, or characterized by, isostasy.
ISOSTEMONOUSI`so*stem"o*nous, a. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: Having exactly as many stamens as petals.
ISOSTEMONYI`so*stem"o*ny, n. (Bot.)
Defn: The quality or state of being isostemonous.
ISOSULPHOCYANATEI`so*sul`pho*cy"a*nate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of isosulphocyanic acid.
ISOSULPHOCYANICI`so*sul`pho*cy*an"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, HNCS, isomeric with sulphocyanic acid.
ISOTHERALI*soth"er*al, a.
Defn: Having the nature of an isothere; indicating the distribution of temperature by means of an isothere; as, an isotheral chart or line.
ISOTHEREI"so*there, n. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Phys. Geog.)
Defn: A line connecting points on the earth's surface having the same mean summer temperature.
ISOTHERMI"so*therm, n. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Phys. Geog.)
Defn: A line connecting or marking points on the earth's surface having the same temperature. This may be the temperature for a given time of observation, or the mean temperature for a year or other period. Also, a similar line based on the distribution of temperature in the ocean.
ISOTHERMAL I`so*ther"mal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. isotherme.] (a) Relating to equality of temperature. (b) (Phys. Geog.) Having reference to the geographical distribution of temperature, as exhibited by means of isotherms; as, an isothermal line; an isothermal chart. Isothermal line. (a) An isotherm. (b) A line drawn on a diagram of energy such that its ordinates represent the pressures of a substance corresponding to various volumes, while the absolute temperature is maintained at a constant value. — Isothermal zones, spaces on opposite sides of the equator having the same mean temperature, and bounded by corresponding isothermal lines.
ISOTHERMOBATHI`so*ther"mo*bath, n. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Phys. Geog)
Defn: A line drawn through points of equal temperature in a vertical section of the ocean.
ISOTHERMOBATHICI`so*ther`mo*bath"ic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to an isothermobath; possessing or indicating equal temperatures in a vertical section, as of the ocean.
ISOTHEROMBROSE I*soth`er*om"brose, n. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. qe`ros summer + 'o`mbros rain.] (Phys. Geog)
Defn: A line connecting or marking points on the earth's surface, which have the same mean summer rainfall.
ISOTONICI`so*ton"ic, a. Etym: [Iso- + tonic.]
Defn: Having or indicating, equal tones, or tension. Isotonic system (Mus.), a system consisting of intervals, in which each concord is alike tempered, and in which there are twelve equal semitones.
ISOTRIMORPHICI`so*tri*mor"phic, a.
Defn: Isotrimorphous.
ISOTRIMORPHISMI`so*tri*mor"phism, n. Etym: [Iso- + Gr.
Defn: Isomorphism between the three forms, severally, of two trimorphous substances.
ISOTRIMORPHOUSI`so*tri*mor"phous, a.
Defn: Having the quality of isotrimorphism; isotrimorphic.
ISOTROPICI`so*trop"ic, a. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Physics)
Defn: Having the same properties in all directions; specifically, equally elastic in all directions.
ISOTROPISMI*sot"ro*pism, n.
Defn: Isotropy.
ISOTROPOUSI*sot"ro*pous, a.
Defn: Isotropic.
ISOTROPYI*sot"ro*py, n. (Physics)
Defn: Uniformity of physical properties in all directions in a body; absence of all kinds of polarity; specifically, equal elasticity in all directions.
ISOURICI`so*u"ric, a. Etym: [Iso- + uric.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid, isomeric with uric acid.
ISRAELITEIs"ra*el*ite, n. Etym: [L. Israëlites, Gr. Yisra, i. e., champion ofGod; sarah to fight + God.]
Defn: A descendant of Israel, or Jacob; a Hebrew; a Jew.
ISRAELITIC; ISRAELITISHIs`ra*el*it"ic, Is"ra*el*i`tish, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to Israel, or to the Israelites; Jewish;Hebrew.
ISSUABLEIs"su*a*ble, a. Etym: [From Issue.]
1. Leading to, producing, or relating to, an issue; capable of being made an issue at law. Burrill.
2. Lawful or suitable to be issued; as, a writ issuable on these grounds. Issuable plea (Law), a plea to the merits, on which the adverse party may take issue and proceed to trial.
ISSUABLYIs"su*a*bly, adv.
Defn: In an issuable manner; by way of issue; as, to plead issuably.
ISSUANCEIs"su*ance, n.
Defn: The act of issuing, or giving out; as, the issuance of an order; the issuance of rations, and the like.
ISSUANTIs"su*ant, a. (Her.)
Defn: Issuing or coming up; — a term used to express a charge or bearing rising or coming out of another.
ISSUEIs"sue, n. Etym: [OF. issue, eissue, F. issue, fr. OF. issir, eissir,to go out, L. exire; ex out of, from + ire to go, akin to Gr. i.,Goth. iddja went, used as prefect of gaggan to go. Cf. Ambition,Count a nobleman, Commence, Errant, Exit, Eyre, Initial, Yede went.]
1. The act of passing or flowing out; a moving out from any inclosed place; egress; as, the issue of water from a pipe, of blood from a wound, of air from a bellows, of people from a house.
2. The act of sending out, or causing to go forth; delivery; issuance; as, the issue of an order from a commanding officer; the issue of money from a treasury.
3. That which passes, flows, or is sent out; the whole quantity sent forth or emitted at one time; as, an issue of bank notes; the daily issue of a newspaper.
4. Progeny; a child or children; offspring. In law, sometimes, in a general sense, all persons descended from a common ancestor; all lineal descendants. If the king Should without issue die. Shak.
5. Produce of the earth, or profits of land, tenements, or other property; as, A conveyed to B all his right for a term of years, with all the issues, rents, and profits.
6. A discharge of flux, as of blood. Matt. ix. 20.
7. (Med.)
Defn: An artificial ulcer, usually made in the fleshy part of the arm or leg, to produce the secretion and discharge of pus for the relief of some affected part.
8. The final outcome or result; upshot; conclusion; event; hence,contest; test; trial.Come forth to view The issue of the exploit. Shak.While it is hot, I 'll put it to the issue. Shak.
9. A point in debate or controversy on which the parties take affirmative and negative positions; a presentation of alternatives between which to choose or decide.
10. (Law)
Defn: In pleading, a single material point of law or fact depending in the suit, which, being affirmed on the one side and denied on the other, is presented for determination. See General issue, under General, and Feigned issue, under Feigned. Blount. Cowell. At issue, in controversy; disputed; opposing or contesting; hence, at variance; disagreeing; inconsistent. As much at issue with the summer day As if you brought a candle out of doors. Mrs. Browning. — Bank of issue, Collateral issue, etc. See under Bank, Collateral, etc. — Issue pea, a pea, or a similar round body, used to maintain irritation in a wound, and promote the secretion and discharge of pus. — To join, or take, issue, to take opposing sides in a matter in controversy.
ISSUEIs"sue, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Issued; p. pr. & vb. n. Issuing.]
1. To pass or flow out; to run out, as from any inclosed place. From it issued forced drops of blood. Shak.
2. To go out; to rush out; to sally forth; as, troops issued from the town, and attacked the besiegers.
3. To proceed, as from a source; as, water issues from springs; light issues from the sun.
4. To proceed, as progeny; to be derived; to be descended; to spring. Of thy sons that shall issue from thee. 2 Kings xx. 18.
5. To extend; to pass or open; as, the path issues into the highway.
6. To be produced as an effect or result; to grow or accrue; to arise; to proceed; as, rents and profits issuing from land, tenements, or a capital stock.
7. To close; to end; to terminate; to turn out; as, we know not how the cause will issue.
8. (Law)
Defn: In pleading, to come to a point in fact or law, on which the parties join issue.
ISSUEIs"sue, v. t.
1. To send out; to put into circulation; as, to issue notes from a bank.
2. To deliver for use; as, to issue provisions.
3. To send out officially; to deliver by authority; as, to issue an order; to issue a writ.
ISSUELESSIs"sue*less, a.
Defn: Having no issue or progeny; childless. "The heavens . . . have left me issueless." Shak.
ISSUERIs"su*er, n.
Defn: One who issues, emits, or publishes.
-IST -ist. Etym: [Gr. iste.]
Defn: A noun suffix denoting an agent, or doer, one who practices, a believer in; as, theorist, one who theorizes; socialist, one who holds to socialism; sensualist, one given to sensuality.
IS'TIs't.
Defn: A contraction of is it.
ISTHMIANIsth"mi*an, a. Etym: [L. Isthmius, Gr. Isthmus.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to an isthmus, especially to the Isthmus of Corinth, in Greece. Isthmian games (Gr. Antiq.), one of the four great national festivals of Greece, celebrated on the Isthmus of Corinth in the spring of every alternate year. They consisted of all kinds of athletic sports, wrestling, boxing, racing on foot and in chariots, and also contests in music and poetry. The prize was a garland of pine leaves.
ISTHMUS Isth"mus, n.; pl. Isthmuses. Etym: [L. isthmus, Gr. 'isqmo`s a neck, a neck of land between two seas, an isthmus, especially the Isthmus of Corinth; prob. from the root of 'ie`nai to go; cf. Icel. eiedh isthmus. See Issue.] (Geog.)
Defn: A neck or narrow slip of land by which two continents areconnected, or by which a peninsula is united to the mainland; as, theIsthmus of Panama; the Isthmus of Suez, etc. Isthmus of the fauces.(Anat.) See Fauces.
ISTLEIs"tle, n.
Defn: Same as Ixtle.
ISURETI*su"ret, n. Etym: [Iso- + urea.] (Chem.)
Defn: An artificial nitrogenous base, isomeric with urea, and forming a white crystalline substance; — called also isuretine.
ITIt, pron. Etym: [OE. it, hit, AS. hit; cf. D. het. sq. root181. SeeHe.]
Defn: The neuter pronoun of the third person, corresponding to the masculine pronoun he and the feminine she, and having the same plural (they, their of theirs, them).
Note: The possessive form its is modern, being rarely found in the writings of Shakespeare and Milton, and not at all in the original King James's version of the Bible. During the transition from the regular his to the anomalous its, it was to some extent employed in the possessive without the case ending. See His, and He. In Dryden's time its had become quite established as the regular form. The day present hath ever inough to do with it owne grief. Genevan Test. Do, child, go to it grandam, child. Shak. It knighthood shall do worse. It shall fright all it friends with borrowing letters. B. Jonson.
Note: In the course of time, the nature of the neuter sign i in it, the form being found in but a few words, became misunderstood. Instead of being looked upon as an affix, it passed for part of the original word. Hence was formed from it the anomalous genitive it, superseding the Saxon his. Latham. The fruit tree yielding fruit after his (its) kind. Gen. i. 11. It is used, —
1. As a substance for any noun of the neuter gender; as, here is the book, take it home.
2. As a demonstrative, especially at the beginning of a sentence, pointing to that which is about to be stated, named, or mentioned, or referring to that which apparent or well known; as, I saw it was John. It is I; be not afraid. Matt. xiv. 27. Peter heard that it was the Lord. John xxi. 7. Often, in such cases, as a substitute for a sentence or clause; as, it is thought he will come; it is wrong to do this.
3. As an indefinite nominative for a impersonal verb; as, it snows; it rains.
4. As a substitute for such general terms as, the state of affairs, the condition of things, and the like; as, how is it with the sick man Think on me when it shall be well with thee. Gen. xl. 14.
5. As an indefinite object after some intransitive verbs, or after a substantive used humorously as a verb; as, to foot it (i. e., to walk). The Lacedemonians, at the Straits of Thermopylæ, when their arms failed them, fought it out with nails and teeth. Dryden. Whether the charmer sinner it, or saint it, If folly grows romantic, I must paint it. Pope. Its self. See Itself.
ITACISMI"ta*cism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. itacisme. See Etacism, and cf. Iotacism.](Greek Gram.)
Defn: Pronunciation of e in the English word be. This was the pronunciation advocated by ReuEtacism. In all such questions between a the confusing element of itacism comes in. Alford.
ITACISTI"ta*cist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. itaciste.]
Defn: One who is in favor of itacism.
ITACOLUMITEIt`a*col"u*mite, n. Etym: [From Itacolumi, a mountain of Brazil.](Min.)
Defn: A laminated, granular, siliceous rocks, often occurring in regions where the diamond is found.
ITACONIC It`a*con"ic, a. Etym: [From aconitic, by transposition of the letters.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, C5H6O4, which is obtained as a white crystalline substance by decomposing aconitic and other organic acids.
ITALAIt"a*la, n. Etym: [Fem. of L. Italus Italian.]
Defn: An early Latin version of the Scriptures (the Old Testament was translated from the Septuagint, and was also called the Italic version).
ITALIANI*tal"ian, a. Etym: [Cf. F. italien, It. italiano. Cf. Italic.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to Italy, or to its people or language.Italian cloth a light material of cotton and worsted; — called alsofarmer's satin.— Italian iron, a heater for fluting frills.— Italian juice, Calabrian liquorice.
ITALIANI*tal"ian, n.
1. A native or inhabitant of Italy.
2. The language used in Italy, or by the Italians.
ITALIANATEI*tal"ian*ate, v. t. Etym: [Cf. It. italianare.]
Defn: To render Italian, or conformable to Italian customs; toItalianize. [R.] Ascham.
ITALIANATEI*tal"ian*ate, a.
Defn: Italianized; Italianated. "Apish, childish, and Italianate."Marlowe.
ITALIANISMI*tal"ian*ism, n.
1. A word, phrase, or idiom, peculiar to the Italians; an Italicism.
2. Attachment to, or sympathy for, Italy.
ITALIANIZEI*tal"ian*ize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Italianized; p. pr. & vb. n.Italianizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. italianiser, It. italianizzare.]
1. To play the Italian; to speak Italian. Cotgrave.
2. To render Italian in any respect; to Italianate. "An Englishman Italianized." Lowell.
ITALICI*tal"ic, a. Etym: [L. Italicus: cf. F. italique. Cf. Italian.]
1. Relating to Italy or to its people.
2. Applied especially to a kind of type in which the letters do not stand upright, but slope toward the right; — so called because dedicated to the States of Italy by the inventor, Aldus Manutius, about the year 1500. Italic languages, the group or family of languages of ancient Italy. — Italic order (Arch.), the composite order. See Composite. — Italic school, a term given to the Pythagorean and Eleatic philosophers, from the country where their doctrines were first promulgated. — Italic version. See Itala.
ITALICI*tal"ic, n.; pl. Italics (. (Print.)
Defn: An Italic letter, character, or type (see Italic, a., 2.); — often in the plural; as, the Italics are the author's. Italic letters are used to distinguish words for emphasis, importance, antithesis, etc. Also, collectively, Italic letters.
ITALICISMI*tal"i*cism, n.
1. A phrase or idiom peculiar to the Italian language; to Italianism.
2. The use of Italics.
ITALICIZEI*tal"i*cize, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Italicized; p. pr. & vb. n.Italicizing.]
Defn: To print in Italic characters; to underline written letters or words with a single line; as, to Italicize a word; Italicizes too much.
ITA PALMI"ta palm`. (Bot.)
Defn: A magnificent species of palm (Mauritia flexuosa), growing near the Orinoco. The natives eat its fruit and buds, drink its sap, and make thread and cord from its fiber.
ITCHItch, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Itched; p. pr. & vb. n. Itching.] Etym:[OE. icchen, , AS. giccan; akin to D. jeuken, joken, G. jucken, OHG.jucchen.]
1. To have an uneasy sensation in the skin, which inclines the person to scratch the part affected. My mouth hath itched all this long day. Chaucer.
2. To have a constant desire or teasing uneasiness; to long for; as, itching ears. "An itching palm." Shak.
ITCHItch, n.
1. (Med.)
Defn: An eruption of small, isolated, acuminated vesicles, produced by the entrance of a parasitic mite (the Sarcoptes scabei), and attended with itching. It is transmissible by contact.
2. Any itching eruption.
3. A sensation in the skin occasioned (or resembling that occasioned) by the itch eruption; — called also scabies, psora, etc.
4. A constant irritating desire. An itch of being thought a divine king. Dryden. Baker's itch. See under Baker. — Barber's itch, sycosis. — Bricklayer's itch, an eczema of the hands attended with much itching, occurring among bricklayers. — Grocer's itch, an itching eruption, being a variety of eczema, produced by the sugar mite (Tyrogluphus sacchari). — Itch insect (Zoöl.), a small parasitic mite (Sarcoptes scabei) which burrows and breeds beneath the human skin, thus causing the disease known as the itch. See Illust. in Append. — Itch mite. (Zoöl.) Same as Itch insect, above. Also, other similar mites affecting the lower animals, as the horse and ox. — Sugar baker's itch, a variety of eczema, due to the action of sugar upon the skin. — Washerwoman's itch, eczema of the hands and arms, occurring among washerwomen.
ITCHINESSItch"i*ness, n.
Defn: The state of being itchy.
ITCHLESSItch"less, a.
Defn: Free from itching.
ITCHYItch"y, a.
Defn: Infected with the itch, or with an itching sensation. Cowper.
-ITE -ite. Etym: [From Gr.
1. A suffix denoting one of a party, a sympathizer with or adherent of, and the like, and frequently used in ridicule; as, a Millerite; a Benthamite.
2. A suffix used in naming minerals; as, chlorite, from its characteristic green color; barite, from its heaviness; graphite, from its use in writing.
3. (Chem.)
Defn: A suffix used to denote the salts formed from those acids whose names end in -ous; as, sulphite, from sulphurous; nitrite, from nitrous acid, etc.
ITEMI"tem, adv. Etym: [L. See Iterate.]
Defn: Also; as an additional article.
ITEMI"tem, n. Etym: [From Item, adv.]
1. An article; a separate particular in an account; as, the items in a bill.
2. A hint; an innuendo. [Obs.] A secret item was given to some of the bishops . . . to absent themselves. Fuller.
3. A short article in a newspaper; a paragraph; as, an item concerning the weather.
ITEMI"tem, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Itemed; p. pr. & vb. n. Iteming.]
Defn: To make a note or memorandum of.I have itemed it in my memory. Addison.
ITEMIZEI"tem*ize, v. t.
Defn: To state in items, or by particulars; as, to itemize the cost of a railroad. [Local, U. S.]
ITERI"ter, n. Etym: [L. See Eyre.] (Anat.)
Defn: A passage; esp., the passage between the third and fourth ventricles in the brain; the aqueduct of Sylvius.
ITERABLEIt"er*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. iterabilis. See Iterate.]
Defn: Capable of being iterated or repeated. [Obs.]
ITERANCEIt"er*ance, n.
Defn: Iteration. [Obs.]
ITERANTIt"er*ant, a. Etym: [L. iterans, p. pr. of iterare.]
Defn: Repeating; iterating; as, an iterant echo. Bacon.
ITERATE It"er*ate, a. Etym: [L. iteratus, p. p. of iterare to repeat, fr. iterum again, prop. a compar. from the stem of is he, that; cf. L. ita so, item likewise, also, Skr. itara other, iti thus. Cf. Identity, Item.]
Defn: Uttered or done again; repeated. [Obs.] Bp. Gardiner.
ITERATEIt"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Iterated; p. pr. & vb. n. Iterating.]
Defn: To utter or do a second time or many times; to repeat; as, toiterate advice.Nor Eve to iterate Her former trespass feared. Milton.
ITERATEIt"er*ate, adv.
Defn: By way of iteration.
ITERATIONIt`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. iteratio.]
Defn: Recital or performance a second time; repetition. Bacon.What needs this iteration, woman Shak.
ITERATIVEIt"er*a*tive, a. Etym: [L. iterativus: cf. F. itératif.]
Defn: Repeating. Cotgrave.— It"er*a*tive*ly, adv.
ITHYPHALLIC Ith`y*phal"lic, a. Etym: [L. ithyphallicus, fr. ithyphallus, Gr. membrum virile erectum, or a figure thereof carried in the festivals of Bacchus.]
Defn: Lustful; lewd; salacious; indecent; obscene.
ITINERACYI*tin"er*a*cy, n.
Defn: The act or practice of itinerating; itinerancy.
ITINERANCYI*tin"er*an*cy, n. Etym: [See Itinerant.]
1. A passing from place to place. Dr. H. More.
2. A discharge of official duty involving frequent change of residence; the custom or practice of discharging official duty in this way; also, a body of persons who thus discharge official duty.
ITINERANTI*tin"er*ant, a. Etym: [LL. itinerans, -antis, p. pr. of itinerare tomake a journey, fr. L. iter, itineris, a walk, way, journey. SeeErrant, Issue.]
Defn: Passing or traveling about a country; going or preaching on a circuit; wandering; not settled; as, an itinerant preacher; an itinerant peddler. The king's own courts were then itinerant, being kept in the king's palace, and removing with his household in those royal progresses which he continually made. Blackstone.
ITINERANTI*tin"er*ant, a.
Defn: One who travels from place to place, particularly a preacher;one who is unsettled.Glad to turn itinerant, To stroll and teach from town to town.Hudibras.
ITINERANTLYI*tin"er*ant*ly, adv.
Defn: In an itinerant manner.
ITINERARYI*tin"er*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. itinerarius: cf. F. itinéraire. SeeItinerant.]
Defn: Itinerant; traveling; passing from place to place; done on ajourney.It was rather an itinerary circuit of justice than a progress. Bacon.
ITINERARY I*tin"er*a*ry, n.; pl. Itineraries. Etym: [L. itinerarium: cf. F. itinéraire. See Itinerary, a.]
Defn: An account of travels, or a register of places and distances as a guide to travelers; as, the Itinerary of Antoninus.
ITINERATEI*tin"er*ate. v. i. [imp. & p. p. Itinerated; p. pr. & vb. n.Itinerating.] Etym: [LL. itineratus, p. p. of itinerari, itinerare.See Itinerant.]
Defn: To wander without a settled habitation; to travel from place or on a circuit, particularly for the purpose of preaching, lecturing, etc.
-ITIS -i"tis, Etym: [Gr.
Defn: A suffix used in medical terms to denote an inflammatory disease of; as, arthritis; bronchitis, phrenitis.
ITSIts.
Defn: Possessive form of the pronoun it. See It.
ITSELFIt*self", pron.
Defn: The neuter reciprocal pronoun of It; as, the thing is good in itself; it stands by itself. Borrowing of foreigners, in itself, makes not the kingdom rich or poor. Locke.
ITTRIAIt"tri*a, n. Etym: [NL.]
Defn: See Yttria.
ITTRIUMIt"tri*um, n. Etym: [NL.]
Defn: See Yttrium.
ITZIBUIt"zi*bu, n. Etym: [Jap. ichibu.] (Numis.)
Defn: A silver coin of Japan, worth about thirty-four cents. [Written also itzebu, ichebu, itcheboo, etc.]
IULIDANI*u"li*dan, n. Etym: [See Iulus.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the Iulidæ, a family of myriapods, of which the genusIulus is the type. See Iulus.
IULUSI*u"lus, n. Etym: [L., down, Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of chilognathous myriapods. The body is long and round, consisting of numerous smooth, equal segments, each of which bears two pairs of short legs. It includes the galleyworms. See Chilognatha.
IVAN IVANOVITCHI*van" I*van"o*vitch
Defn: . An ideal personification of the typical Russian or of theRussian people; — used as "John Bull" is used for the typicalEnglishman.
I'VEI've
Defn: . Colloquial contraction of I have.
-IVE -ive. Etym: [L. -ivus.]
Defn: An adjective suffix signifying relating or belonging to, of the nature of, tending to; as affirmative, active, conclusive, corrective, diminutive.
IVIEDI"vied, a. Etym: [From Ivy.]
Defn: Overgrown with ivy.
IVORIDEI"vo*ride, n.
Defn: A composition resembling ivory in appearance and used as a substitute for it.
IVORYI"vo*ry, n.; pl. Ivories. Etym: [OE. ivori, F. ivoire, fr. L. eboreusmade of ivory, fr. ebur, eboris, ivory, cf. Skr. ibha elephant. Cf.Eburnean.]
1. The hard, white, opaque, fine-grained substance constituting the tusks of the elephant. It is a variety of dentine, characterized by the minuteness and close arrangement of the tubes, as also by their double flexure. It is used in manufacturing articles of ornament or utility.
Note: Ivory is the name commercially given not only to the substance constituting the tusks of the elephant, but also to that of the tusks of the hippopotamus and walrus, the hornlike tusk of the narwhal, etc.
2. The tusks themselves of the elephant, etc.
3. Any carving executed in ivory. Mollett.
4. pl.
Defn: Teeth; as, to show one's ivories. [Slang] Ivory black. See under Black, n. — Ivory gull (Zoöl.), a white Arctic gull (Larus eburneus). — Ivory nut (Bot.), the nut of a species of palm, the Phytephas macroarpa, often as large as a hen's egg. When young the seed contains a fluid, which gradually hardness into a whitish, close- grained, albuminous substance, resembling the finest ivory in texture and color, whence it is called vegetable ivory. It is wrought into various articles, as buttons, chessmen, etc. The palm is found in New Grenada. A smaller kind is the fruit of the Phytephas microarpa. The nuts are known in commerce as Corosso nuts. — Ivory palm (Bot.), the palm tree which produces ivory nuts. — Ivory shell (Zoöl.), any species of Eburna, a genus of marine gastropod shells, having a smooth surface, usually white with red or brown spots. — Vegetable ivory, the meat of the ivory nut. See Ivory nut (above).
IVORY-BILLI"vo*ry-bill`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A large, handsome, North American woodpecker (Campephilus principalis), having a large, sharp, ivory-colored beak. Its general color is glossy black, with white secondaries, and a white dorsal stripe. The male has a large, scarlet crest. It is now rare, and found only in the Gulf States.
IVORYTYPEI"vo*ry*type`, n. (photog.)
Defn: A picture produced by superposing a very light print, rendered translucent by varnish, and tinted upon the back, upon a stronger print, so as to give the effect of a photograph in natural colors; — called also hellenotype. Knight.
IVY I"vy, n.; pl. Ivies. Etym: [AS. ifig; akin to OHG. ebawi, ebah, G. epheu.] (Bot.)
Defn: A plant of the genus Hedera (H. helix), common in Europe. Itsleaves are evergreen, dark, smooth, shining, and mostly five-pointed;the flowers yellowish and small; the berries black or yellow. Thestem clings to walls and trees by rootlike fibers.Direct The clasping ivy where to climb. Milton.Ye myrtles brown, with ivy never sere. Milton.American ivy. (Bot.) See Virginia creeper.— English ivy (Bot.), a popular name in America for the ivy proper(Hedera helix).— German ivy (Bot.), a creeping plant, with smooth, succulentstems, and fleshy, light-green leaves; a species of Senecio (S.scandens).— Ground ivy. (Bot.) Gill (Nepeta Glechoma).— Ivy bush. (Bot.) See Mountain laurel, under Mountain.— Ivy owl (Zoöl.), the barn owl.— Ivy tod (Bot.), the ivy plant. Tennyson.— Japanese ivy (Bot.), a climbing plant (Ampelopsis tricuspidata),closely related to the Virginia creeper.— Poison ivy (Bot.), an American woody creeper (RhusToxicodendron), with trifoliate leaves, and greenish-white berries.It is exceedingly poisonous to the touch for most persons.— To pipe in an ivy leaf, to console one's self as best one can.[Obs.] Chaucer.— West Indian ivy, a climbing plant of the genus Marcgravia.
IVY-MANTLEDI"vy-man`tled, a.
Defn: Covered with ivy.
IWISI*wis", adv.
Defn: Indeed; truly. See Ywis. [Written also iwys, iwisse, etc.][Obs.] Ascham.
I. W. W.I. W. W. (Abbrev.)
Defn: Industrial Workers of the World (the name of two American labor organizations, one of which advocates syndicalism).
IXIAIx"i*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: A South African bulbous plant of the Iris family, remarkable for the brilliancy of its flowers.
IXODESIx*o"des, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of parasitic Acarina, which includes various species of ticks. See Tick, the insect.
IXODIANIx*o"di*an, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A tick of the genus Ixodes, or the family Ixodidæ.
IXTLE; IXTLIIx"tle, Ix"tli, n. (Bot.)
Defn: A Mexican name for a variety of Agave rigida, which furnishes a strong coarse fiber; also, the fiber itself, which is called also pita, and Tampico fiber. [Written also istle.]
IXTLE; IXTILIx"tle Ix"til, n.
Defn: The fine, soft fiber of the bromeliaceous plant Bromelia sylvestris.
IZARDIz"ard, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A variety of the chamois found in the Pyrenees.
-IZE -ize. Etym: [F. -iser, L. -izare, Gr.
Defn: A verb suffix signifying to make, to do, to practice; as apologize, baptize, theorize, tyrannize.
Note: In the case of certain words the spelling with -ise (after analogy with F. -iser) is the usual form; as, catechise, criticise. With regard to most words, however, which have this suffix there is a diversity of usage, some authorities spelling -ise, others (as in this book) -ize.
IZEDIIz"e*di, n.
Defn: One of an Oriental religious sect which worships Satan or the Devil. The Izedis or Yezdis, the so-called Devil worshipers, still remain a numerous though oppressed people in Mesopotamia and adjacent countries. Tylor.
IZEDISMIz"e*dism, n.
Defn: The religion of the Izedis.
IZZARDIz"zard, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Izard.
IZZARDIz"zard, n. Etym: [Formerly ezed, prob. fr. F. et zÉde and z.]
Defn: The letter z; — formerly so called.
Defn: . J is the tenth letter of the English alphabet. It is a later variant form of the Roman letter I, used to express a consonantal sound, that is, originally, the sound of English y in yet. The forms J and I have, until a recent time, been classed together, and they have been used interchangeably.
Note: In medical prescriptions j is still used in place of i at the end of a number, as a Roman numeral; as, vj, xij. J is etymologically most closely related to i, y, g; as in jot, iota; jest, gesture; join, jugular, yoke. See I. J is a compound vocal consonant, nearly equivalent in sound to dzh. It is exactly the same as g in gem. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 179, 211, 239.
JAAL GOATJaal" goat`. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A species of wild goat (Capra Nubiana) found in the mountains of Abyssinia, Upper Egypt, and Arabia; — called also beden, and jaela.
JABJab, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Job.]
Defn: To thrust; to stab; to punch. See Job, v. t. [Scot. & Colloq.U. S.]
JABJab, n.
Defn: A thrust or stab. [Scot. & Colloq. U. S.]
JABBERJab"ber, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jabbered; p. pr. & vb. n. Jabbering.]Etym: [Cf. Gibber, Gabble.]
Defn: To talk rapidly, indistinctly, or unintelligibly; to utter gibberish or nonsense; to chatter. Swift.
JABBERJab"ber, v. t.
Defn: To utter rapidly or indistinctly; to gabble; as, to jabberFrench. Addison.
JABBERJab"ber, n.
Defn: Rapid or incoherent talk, with indistinct utterance; gibberish.Swift.
JABBERJab"ber, n.
Defn: One who jabbers.
JABBERERJab"ber*er, n.
Defn: One who jabbers.
JABBERINGLYJab"ber*ing*ly, adv.
Defn: In a jabbering manner.
JABBERMENTJab"ber*ment, n.
Defn: Jabber. [R.] Milton.
JABBERNOWLJab"ber*nowl`, n.
Defn: Same as Jobbernowl.
JABIRUJab"i*ru, n. Etym: [Braz. jabirú, jaburú.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of several large wading birds of the genera Mycteria andXenorhynchus, allied to the storks in form and habits.
Note: The American jabiru (Mycteria Americana) is white, with the head and neck black and nearly bare of feathers. The East Indian and Australian (Xenorhynchus Australis) has the neck, head, and back covered with glossy, dark green feathers, changing on the head to purple. The African jabiru (Mycteria, or Ephippiorhynchus, Senegalensis) has the neck, head, wing coverts, and tail, black, and is called also saddle-billed stork.
JABORANDIJab`o*ran"di, n. (Bot.)
Defn: The native name of a South American rutaceous shrub (Pilocarpus pennatifolius). The leaves are used in medicine as an diaphoretic and sialogogue.
JABORINEJab"o*rine, n. Etym: [From Jaborandi.] (Chem.)
Defn: An alkaloid found in jaborandi leaves, from which it is extracted as a white amorphous substance. In its action it resembles atropine.
JABOTJab"ot, n. Etym: [F.]
1. Originally, a kind of ruffle worn by men on the bosom of the shirt.
2. An arrangement of lace or tulle, looped ornamentally, and worn by women on the front of the dress.
JACALJa*cal" (hä*käl"; 239), n. [Amer. Sp., fr. Mex. xacalli.]
Defn: In Mexico and the southwestern United States, a kind of plastered house or hut, usually made by planting poles or timber in the ground, filling in between them with screen work or wickerwork, and daubing one or both sides with mud or adobe mortar; also, this method of construction.
JACAMARJac"a*mar`, n. Etym: [F. jacamar, Braz. jacamarica; cf. Sp. jacamar.](Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of tropical American birds of the genus Galbula and allied genera. They are allied to the kingfishers, but climb on tree trunks like nuthatches, and feed upon insects. Their colors are often brilliant.
JACANAJac"a*na`, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. jacania.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any of several wading birds belonging to the genus Jacana and several allied genera, all of which have spurs on the wings. They are able to run about over floating water weeds by means of their very long, spreading toes. Called also surgeon bird.
Note: The most common South American species is Jacana spinosa. The East Indian or pheasant jacana (Hydrophasianus chirurgus) is remarkable for having four very long, curved, middle tail feathers.
JACARANDA Jac`a*ran"da, n. Etym: [Braz.; cf. Sp. & Pg. jacaranda.] (Bot.) (a) The native Brazilian name for certain leguminous trees, which produce the beautiful woods called king wood, tiger wood, and violet wood. (b) A genus of bignoniaceous Brazilian trees with showy trumpet- shaped flowers.
JACAREJac"a*re`, n. Etym: [Pg. jacaré; of Brazilian origin.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A cayman. See Yacare.
JACCHUSJac"chus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. Jacchus a mystic name of Bacchus, Gr.(Zoöl.)
Defn: The common marmoset (Hapale vulgaris). Formerly, the name was also applied to other species of the same genus.
JACCONETJac"co*net, n.
Defn: See Jaconet.
JACENT Ja"cent, a. Etym: [L. jacens, p. pr. of jacere to lie: cf. F. jacent.]
Defn: Lying at length; as, the jacent posture. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.
JACINTHJa"cinth, n. Etym: [F. jacinthe, L. hyacinthus. See Hyacinth.]
Defn: See Hyacinth. Tennyson.
JACKJack, n. Etym: [Pg. jaca, Malayalam, tsjaka.] (Bot.)
Defn: A large tree, the Artocarpus integrifolia, common in the East Indies, closely allied to the breadfruit, from which it differs in having its leaves entire. The fruit is of great size, weighing from thirty to forty pounds, and through its soft fibrous matter are scattered the seeds, which are roasted and eaten. The wood is of a yellow color, fine grain, and rather heavy, and is much used in cabinetwork. It is also used for dyeing a brilliant yellow. [Written also jak.]
JACKJack, n. Etym: [F. Jacques James, L. Jacobus, Gr. Ya 'aq Jacob;prop., seizing by the heel; hence, a supplanter. Cf. Jacobite,Jockey.]
1. A familiar nickname of, or substitute for, John. You are John Rugby, and you are Jack Rugby. Shak.
2. An impertinent or silly fellow; a simpleton; a boor; a clown; also, a servant; a rustic. "Jack fool." Chaucer. Since every Jack became a gentleman, There 's many a gentle person made a Jack. Shak.
3. A popular colloquial name for a sailor; — called also Jack tar, and Jack afloat.
4. A mechanical contrivance, an auxiliary machine, or a subordinate part of a machine, rendering convenient service, and often supplying the place of a boy or attendant who was commonly called Jack; as: (a) A device to pull off boots. (b) A sawhorse or sawbuck. (c) A machine or contrivance for turning a spit; a smoke jack, or kitchen jack. (b) (Mining) A wooden wedge for separating rocks rent by blasting. (e) (Knitting Machine) A lever for depressing the sinkers which push the loops down on the needles. (f) (Warping Machine) A grating to separate and guide the threads; a heck box. (g) (Spinning) A machine for twisting the sliver as it leaves the carding machine. (h) A compact, portable machine for planing metal. (i) A machine for slicking or pebbling leather. (k) A system of gearing driven by a horse power, for multiplying speed. (l) A hood or other device placed over a chimney or vent pipe, to prevent a back draught. (m) In the harpsichord, an intermediate piece communicating the action of the key to the quill; — called also hopper. (n) In hunting, the pan or frame holding the fuel of the torch used to attract game at night; also, the light itself. C. Hallock.
5. A portable machine variously constructed, for exerting great pressure, or lifting or moving a heavy body through a small distance. It consists of a lever, screw, rack and pinion, hydraulic press, or any simple combination of mechanical powers, working in a compact pedestal or support and operated by a lever, crank, capstan bar, etc. The name is often given to a jackscrew, which is a kind of jack.
6. The small bowl used as a mark in the game of bowls. Shak. Like an uninstructed bowler who thinks to attain the jack by delivering his bowl straight forward upon it. Sir W. Scott.
7. The male of certain animals, as of the ass.
8. (Zoöl.) (a) A young pike; a pickerel. (b) The jurel. (c) A large, California rock fish (Sebastodes paucispinus); — called also boccaccio, and mérou. (d) The wall-eyed pike.
9. A drinking measure holding half a pint; also, one holding a quarter of a pint. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
10. (Naut.) (a) A flag, containing only the union, without the fly, usually hoisted on a jack staff at the bowsprit cap; — called also union jack. The American jack is a small blue flag, with a star for each State. (b) A bar of iron athwart ships at a topgallant masthead, to support a royal mast, and give spread to the royal shrouds; — called also jack crosstree. R. H. Dana, Jr.
11. The knave of a suit of playing cards.
Note: Jack is used adjectively in various senses. It sometimes designates something cut short or diminished in size; as, a jack timber; a jack rafter; a jack arch, etc. Jack arch, an arch of the thickness of one brick. — Jack back (Brewing & Malt Vinegar Manuf.), a cistern which receives the wort. See under 1st Back. — Jack block (Naut.), a block fixed in the topgallant or royal rigging, used for raising and lowering light masts and spars. — Jack boots, boots reaching above the knee; — worn in the 17 century by soldiers; afterwards by fishermen, etc. — Jack crosstree. (Naut.) See 10, b, above. — Jack curlew (Zoöl.), the whimbrel. — Jack frame. (Cotton Spinning) See 4 (g), above. — Jack Frost, frost personified as a mischievous person. — Jack hare, a male hare. Cowper. — Jack lamp, a lamp for still hunting and camp use. See def. 4 (n.), above. — Jack plane, a joiner's plane used for coarse work. — Jack post, one of the posts which support the crank shaft of a deep-well-boring apparatus. — Jack pot (Poker Playing), the name given to the stakes, contributions to which are made by each player successively, till such a hand is turned as shall take the "pot," which is the sum total of all the bets. — Jack rabbit (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large American hares, having very large ears and long legs. The California species (Lepus Californicus), and that of Texas and New Mexico (L. callotis), have the tail black above, and the ears black at the tip. They do not become white in winter. The more northern prairie hare (L. campestris) has the upper side of the tail white, and in winter its fur becomes nearly white. — Jack rafter (Arch.), in England, one of the shorter rafters used in constructing a hip or valley roof; in the United States, any secondary roof timber, as the common rafters resting on purlins in a trussed roof; also, one of the pieces simulating extended rafters, used under the eaves in some styles of building. — Jack salmon (Zoöl.), the wall-eyed pike, or glasseye. — Jack sauce, an impudent fellow. [Colloq. & Obs.] — Jack shaft (Mach.), the first intermediate shaft, in a factory or mill, which receives power, through belts or gearing, from a prime mover, and transmits it, by the same means, to other intermediate shafts or to a line shaft. — Jack sinker (Knitting Mach.), a thin iron plate operated by the jack to depress the loop of thread between two needles. — Jack snipe. (Zoöl.) See in the Vocabulary. — Jack staff (Naut.), a staff fixed on the bowsprit cap, upon which the jack is hoisted. — Jack timber (Arch.), any timber, as a rafter, rib, or studding, which, being intercepted, is shorter than the others. — Jack towel, a towel hung on a roller for common use. — Jack truss (Arch.), in a hip roof, a minor truss used where the roof has not its full section. — Jack tree. (Bot.) See 1st Jack, n. — Jack yard (Naut.), a short spar to extend a topsail beyond the gaff. Blue jack, blue vitriol; sulphate of copper. — Hydraulic jack, a jack used for lifting, pulling, or forcing, consisting of a compact portable hydrostatic press, with its pump and a reservoir containing a supply of liquid, as oil. — Jack-at-a-pinch. (a) One called upon to take the place of another in an emergency. (b) An itinerant parson who conducts an occasional service for a fee. — Jack-at-all-trades, one who can turn his hand to any kind of work. — Jack-by-the-hedge (Bot.), a plant of the genus Erysimum (E. alliaria, or Alliaria officinalis), which grows under hedges. It bears a white flower and has a taste not unlike garlic. Called also, in England, sauce-alone. Eng. Cyc. — Jack-in-a-box. (a) (Bot.) A tropical tree (Hernandia sonora), which bears a drupe that rattles when dry in the inflated calyx. (b) A child's toy, consisting of a box, out of which, when the lid is raised, a figure springs. (c) (Mech.) An epicyclic train of bevel gears for transmitting rotary motion to two parts in such a manner that their relative rotation may be variable; applied to driving the wheels of tricycles, road locomotives, and to cotton machinery, etc.; an equation box; a jack frame; — called also compensating gearing. (d) A large wooden screw turning in a nut attached to the crosspiece of a rude press. — Jack-in-office, an insolent fellow in authority. Wolcott. — Jack-in-the-bush (Bot.), a tropical shrub with red fruit (Cordia Cylindrostachya). — Jack-in-the-green, a chimney sweep inclosed in a framework of boughs, carried in Mayday processions. — Jack-in-the-pulpit (Bot.), the American plant Arisæma triphyllum, or Indian turnip, in which the upright spadix is inclosed. — Jack-of-the-buttery (Bot.), the stonecrop (Sedum acre). — Jack-of-the-clock, a figure, usually of a man, on old clocks, which struck the time on the bell. — Jack-on-both-sides, one who is or tries to be neutral. — Jack-out-of-office, one who has been in office and is turned out. Shak. — Jack the Giant Killer, the hero of a well-known nursery story. — Jack-with-a-lantern, Jack-o'-lantern. (a) An ignis fatuus; a will-o'-the-wisp. "[Newspaper speculations] supplying so many more jack-o'-lanterns to the future historian." Lowell. (b) A lantern made of a pumpkin so prepared as to show in illumination the features of a human face, etc. — Yellow Jack (Naut.), the yellow fever; also, the quarantine flag. See Yellow flag, under Flag.
JACKJack, n. Etym: [F. jaque, jacque, perh. from the proper name Jacques.Cf. Jacquerie.]
Defn: A coarse and cheap mediæval coat of defense, esp. one made ofleather.Their horsemen are with jacks for most part clad. Sir J. Harrington.
JACKJack, n. Etym: [Named from its resemblance to a jack boot.]
Defn: A pitcher or can of waxed leather; — called also black jack.[Obs.] Dryden.
JACKJack, v. i.
Defn: To hunt game at night by means of a jack. See 2d Jack, n., 4, n.
JACKJack, v. t.
Defn: To move or lift, as a house, by means of a jack or jacks. See 2d Jack, n., 5.
JACK-A-DANDYJack`-a-dan"dy, n.
Defn: A little dandy; a little, foppish, impertinent fellow.
JACKALJack"al`, n. Etym: [Pers. shaghal: cf. OF. jackal, F. chacal; cf.Skr. ç\'f0gala.]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of several species of carnivorous animals inhabiting Africa and Asia, related to the dog and wolf. They are cowardly, nocturnal, and gregarious. They feed largely on carrion, and are noted for their piercing and dismal howling.
Note: The common species of Southern Asia (Canis aureus) is yellowish gray, varied with brown on the shoulders, haunches, and legs. The common African species (C. anthus) is darker in color.
2. One who does mean work for another's advantage, as jackals were once thought to kill game which lions appropriated. [Colloq.] Ld. Lytton.
JACK-A-LENTJack"-a-lent, n.
Defn: A small stuffed puppet to be pelted in Lent; hence, a simple fellow.
JACKANAPES Jack"a*napes, n. Etym: [For Jack o' (= of) apes; prop., a man who exhibits apes.] [Written also jackanape.]
1. A monkey; an ape. Shak.
2. A coxcomb; an impertinent or conceited fellow. A young upstart jackanapes. Arbuthnot.
JACKAROO; JACKEROOJack`a*roo", n. Also Jack`e*roo". [Jack + kangaroo.]
Defn: A young man living as an apprentice on a sheep station, or otherwise engaged in acquainting himself with colonial life. [Colloq., Australia]
JACKAROOJack`a*roo", v. i.
Defn: To be a jackaroo; to pass one's time as a jackaroo. [Colloq.,Australia]
JACKASSJack"ass`, n. Etym: [2d jack + ass.]
1. The male ass; a donkey.
2. A conceited dolt; a perverse blockhead. Jackass bark (Naut.), a three-masted vessel, with only the foremast square-rigged; a barkentine. — Jackass deer (Zoöl.), the koba. — Jackass hare, Jackass rabbit (Zoöl.). See Jack rabbit, under 2d Jack, n. — Jackass penguin (Zoöl.), any species of penguin of the genus Spheniscus, of which several are known. One species (S. demersus) inhabits the islands near the Cape of Good Hope; another (S. Magellanicus) is found at the Falkland Islands. They make a noise like the braying of an ass; — hence the name. — Laughing jackass. (Zoöl.) See under Laughing.
JACKDAWJack"daw`, n. Etym: [Prob. 2d jack + daw, n.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Daw, n.
JACKEENJack*een", n.
Defn: A drunken, dissolute fellow. [Ireland] S. C. Hall.
JACKETJack"et, n. Etym: [F. jaquette, dim. of jaque. See 3d Jack, n.]
1. A short upper garment, extending downward to the hips; a short coat without skirts.
2. An outer covering for anything, esp. a covering of some nonconducting material such as wood or felt, used to prevent radiation of heat, as from a steam boiler, cylinder, pipe, etc.
3. (Mil.)
Defn: In ordnance, a strengthening band surrounding and reënforcing the tube in which the charge is fired.
4. A garment resembling a waistcoat lined with cork, to serve as a life preserver; — called also cork jacket. Blue jacket. (Naut.) See under Blue. — Steam jacket, a space filled with steam between an inner and an outer cylinder, or between a casing and a receptacle, as a kettle. — To dust one's jacket, to give one a beating. [Colloq.]
JACKETJack"et, v. t.
1. To put a jacket on; to furnish, as a boiler, with a jacket.
2. To thrash; to beat. [Low]
JACKETEDJack"et*ed, a.
Defn: Wearing, or furnished with, a jacket.
JACKETINGJack"et*ing, n.
Defn: The material of a jacket; as, nonconducting jacketing.
JACK KETCH Jack" Ketch". Etym: [Perh. fr. Jack, the proper name + Prov. E. ketch a hangman, fr. ketch, for catch to seize; but see the citations below.]
Defn: A public executioner, or hangman. [Eng.] The manor of Tyburn was formerly held by Richard Jaquett, where felons for a long time were executed; from whence we have Jack Ketch. Lloyd's MS., British Museum. [Monmouth] then accosted John Ketch, the executioner, a wretch who had butchered many brave and noble victims, and whose name has, during a century and a half, been vulgarly given to all who have succeeded him in his odious office. Macaulay.
JACKKNIFEJack"knife`, n.
Defn: A large, strong clasp knife for the pocket; a pocket knife.
JACK-'-LANTERNJack"-o'-lan`tern, n.
Defn: See Jack-with-a-lantern, under 2d Jack.
JACKMANJack"man, n.; pl. Jackmen (.
1. One wearing a jack; a horse soldier; a retainer. See 3d Jack, n. Christie . . . the laird's chief jackman. Sir W. Scott.
2. A cream cheese. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.
JACK-O'-LANTERNJack"-o'-lan`tern, n.
Defn: See Jack-with-a-lantern, under 2d Jack. JACKPOTJackpot
Defn: 1. (a) See "jack pot" under jack; (b) any larger-than-usual gambling prize formed by the accumulation of unwon bets[=MW10 1(a)(2) and 1(c)]; (c) the highest gambling prize awarded in a gambling game in which smaller prizes are also awarded, especially such a prize on a slot machine.
Defn: 2. (a) An unusually large success in an enterprise, either unexpected or unpredictable, esp. one providing a great financial benefit. hit the jackpotto receive an unexpectedly large (or the largest possible) benefit from an enterprise.
JACKPUDDINGJack"pud`ding, n.
Defn: A merry-andrew; a buffoon. Milton.
JACKSAWJack"saw`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The merganser.
JACKSCREWJack"screw`, n.
Defn: A jack in which a screw is used for lifting, or exerting pressure. See Illust. of 2d Jack, n., 5.
JACKSLAVEJack"slave`, n.
Defn: A low servant; a mean fellow. Shak.
JACKSMITHJack"smith`, n.
Defn: A smith who makes jacks. See 2d Jack, 4, c. Dryden.
JACKSNIPE Jack"snipe`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) A small European snipe (Limnocryptes gallinula); — called also judcock, jedcock, juddock, jed, and half snipe. (b) A small American sandpiper (Tringa maculata); — called also pectoral sandpiper, and grass snipe.
JACKSTAYJack"stay`, n. (Naut.)
Defn: A rail of wood or iron stretching along a yard of a vessel, to which the sails are fastened.
JACKSTONE Jack"stone`, n. (a) One of the pebbles or pieces used in the game of jackstones. (b) (pl.) A game played with five small stones or pieces of metal. See 6th Chuck.
JACKSTRAWJack"straw`, n.
1. An effigy stuffed with straw; a scarecrow; hence, a man without property or influence. Milton.
2. One of a set of straws of strips of ivory, bone, wood, etc., for playing a child's game, the jackstraws being thrown confusedly together on a table, to be gathered up singly by a hooked instrument, without touching or disturbing the rest of the pile. See Spilikin.
JACKWOODJack"wood`, n.
Defn: Wood of the jack (Artocarpus integrifolia), used in cabinetwork.
JACKYJack"y, n.; pl. Jackies (#). Dim. or pet from Jack. Hence:(a) A landsman's nickname for a seaman, resented by the latter.(b) English gin. [Dial. Eng.]
JACOBJa"cob, n. Etym: [Cf. F. Jacob. See 2d Jack.]
Defn: A Hebrew patriarch (son of Isaac, and ancestor of the Jews),who in a vision saw a ladder reaching up to heaven (Gen. xxviii. 12);— also called Israel.And Jacob said . . . with my staff I passed over this Jordan, and nowI am become two bands. Gen. xxxii. 9, 10.Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel. Gen. xxxii. 28.Jacob's ladder. (a) (Bot.) A perennial herb of the genus Polemonium(P. coeruleum), having corymbs of drooping flowers, usually blue.Gray. (b) (Naut.) A rope ladder, with wooden steps, for going aloft.R. H. Dana, Jr. (c) (Naut.) A succession of short cracks in adefective spar.— Jacob's membrane. See Retina.— Jacob's staff. (a) A name given to many forms of staff or weapon,especially in the Middle Ages; a pilgrim's staff. [Obs.] Spenser. (b)(Surveying) See under Staff.
JACOBAEAN LILYJac`o*bæ"an lil"y. Etym: [See Jacobean.] (Bot.)
Defn: A bulbous plant (Amaryllis, or Sprekelia, formosissima) fromMexico. It bears a single, large, deep, red, lilylike flower.[Written also Jacobean.]
JACOBEAN; JACOBIANJa*co"be*an, Ja*co"bi*an, a. Etym: [From L. Jacobus James. See 2dJack.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to a style of architecture and decoration in the time of James the First, of England. "A Jacobean table." C. L. Eastlake.
JACOBINJac"o*bin, n. Etym: [F. See 2d Jack, Jacobite.]
1. (Eccl. Hist.)
Defn: A Dominican friar; — so named because, before the FrenchRevolution, that order had a convent in the Rue St. Jacques, Paris.
2. One of a society of violent agitators in France, during the revolution of 1789, who held secret meetings in the Jacobin convent in the Rue St. Jacques, Paris, and concerted measures to control the proceedings of the National Assembly. Hence: A plotter against an existing government; a turbulent demagogue.
3. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A fancy pigeon, in which the feathers of the neck form a hood, — whence the name. The wings and tail are long, and the beak moderately short.
JACOBINJac"o*bin, a.
Defn: Same as Jacobinic.
JACOBINEJac"o*bine, n.
Defn: A Jacobin.
JACOBINIC; JACOBINICALJac`o*bin"ic, Jac`o*bin"ic*al, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Jacobins of France; revolutionary; of the nature of, or characterized by, Jacobinism. Burke. — Jac`o*bin"ic*al*ly, adv.
JACOBINISMJac"o*bin*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. Jacobinisme.]
Defn: The principles of the Jacobins; violent and factious oppositionto legitimate government.Under this new stimulus, Burn's previous Jacobitism passed towardsthe opposite, but not very distant, extreme of Jacobinism. J. C.Shairp.