7. (Theol.)
Defn: The final award; the last sentence.
Note: Judgment, abridgment, acknowledgment, and lodgment are in England sometimes written, judgement, abridgement, acknowledgement, and lodgement.
Note: Judgment is used adjectively in many self-explaining combinations; as, judgment hour; judgment throne. Judgment day (Theol.), the last day, or period when final judgment will be pronounced on the subjects of God's moral government. — Judgment debt (Law), a debt secured to the creditor by a judge's order. — Judgment hall, a hall where courts are held. — Judgment seat, the seat or bench on which judges sit in court; hence, a court; a tribunal. "We shall all stand before the judgment seat of Christ." Rom. xiv. 10. — Judgment summons (Law), a proceeding by a judgment creditor against a judgment debtor upon an unsatisfied judgment. Arrest of judgment. (Law) See under Arrest, n. — Judgment of God, a term formerly applied to extraordinary trials of secret crimes, as by arms and single combat, by ordeal, etc.; it being imagined that God would work miracles to vindicate innocence. See under Ordeal.
Syn. — Discernment; decision; determination; award; estimate; criticism; taste; discrimination; penetration; sagacity; intelligence; understanding. See Taste.
JUDICABLEJu"di*ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. judicabilis. See Judge, v. i.]
Defn: Capable of being judged; capable of being tried or decided upon. Jer. Taylor.
JUDICATIVEJu"di*ca*tive, a.
Defn: Having power to judge; judicial; as, the judicative faculty.Hammond.
JUDICATORYJu"di*ca*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. judicatorius.]
Defn: Pertaining to the administration of justice; dispensing justice; judicial; as, judicatory tribunals. T. Wharton. Power to reject in an authoritative or judicatory way. Bp. Hall.
JUDICATORYJu"di*ca*to*ry (277), n. Etym: [L. judicatorium.]
1. A court of justice; a tribunal. Milton.
2. Administration of justice. The supreme court of judicatory. Clarendon.
JUDICATUREJu"di*ca*ture, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. judicatura.]
1. The state or profession of those employed in the administration of justice; also, the dispensing or administration of justice. The honor of the judges in their judicature is the king's honor. Bacon.
2. A court of justice; a judicatory. South.
3. The right of judicial action; jurisdiction; extent jurisdiction of a judge or court. Our Savior disputes not here the judicature, for that was not his office, but the morality, of divorce. Milton.
JUDICIAL Ju*di"cial, a. Etym: [L. judicialis, fr. judicium judgment, fr. judex judge: cf. OF. judicial. See Judge.]
1. Pertaining or appropriate to courts of justice, or to a judge; practiced or conformed to in the administration of justice; sanctioned or ordered by a court; as, judicial power; judicial proceedings; a judicial sale. "Judicial massacres." Macaulay. Not a moral but a judicial law, and so was abrogated. Milton.
2. Fitted or apt for judging or deciding; as, a judicial mind.
3. Belonging to the judiciary, as distinguished from legislative, administrative, or executive. See Executive.
4. Judicious. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
JUDICIALLYJu*di"cial*ly, adv.
Defn: In a judicial capacity or judicial manner. "The Lords . . . sitting judicially." Macaulay.
JUDICIARY Ju*di"cia*ry, a. Etym: [L. judiciarius, fr. judicium judgment: cf. F. judiciare. See Judicial.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to courts of judicature, or legal tribunals; judicial; as, a judiciary proceeding. Bp. Burnet.
JUDICIARYJu*di"cia*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. judiciaria, F. judiciaire.]
Defn: That branch of government in which judicial power is vested; the system of courts of justice in a country; the judges, taken collectively; as, an independent judiciary; the senate committee on the judiciary.
JUDICIOUSJu*di"cious, a. Etym: [F. judicieux, fr. L. judicium judgment. SeeJudicial.]
Defn: Of or relating to a court; judicial. [Obs.]His last offenses to us Shall have judicious hearing. Shak.
2. Directed or governed by sound judgment; having sound judgment; wise; prudent; sagacious; discreet. He is noble, wise, judicious, and best knows The fits o' the season. Shak.
Syn. — Prudent; discreet; rational; wise; skillful; discerning; sagacious; well-advised.
JUDICIOUSLYJu*di"cious*ly, adv.
Defn: In a judicious manner; with good judgment; wisely.
JUDICIOUSNESSJu*di"cious*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being judicious; sagacity; s
JUGJug, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. Jug, a corruption of, or nickname for,Joanna; cf. 2d Jack, and Jill. See Johannes.]
1. A vessel, usually of coarse earthenware, with a swelling belly and narrow mouth, and having a handle on one side.
2. A pitcher; a ewer. [Eng.]
3. A prison; a jail; a lockup. [Slang] Gay.
JUGJug, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jugged; p. pr. & vb. n. Jugging.]
1. To seethe or stew, as in a jug or jar placed in boiling water; as, to jug a hare.
2. To commit to jail; to imprison. [Slang]
JUGJug, v. i. (Zoöl.)
1. To utter a sound resembling this word, as certain birds do, especially the nightingale.
2. To nestle or collect together in a covey; — said of quails and partridges.
JUGALJu"gal, a. Etym: [L. jugalis, fr. jugum yoke.]
1. Relating to a yoke, or to marriage. [Obs.]
2. (Anat.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or in the region of, the malar, or cheek bone.
JUGATA Ju*ga"ta, n. pl. Etym: [Neut. pl. of L. jugatus, p. p. of jugare to join.] (Numis.)
Defn: The figures of two heads on a medal or coin, either side by side or joined.
JUGATEDJu"ga*ted, a. (Bot.)
Defn: Coupled together.
JUGEJuge, n.
Defn: A judge. [Obs.] Chaucer.
JUGEMENTJug"e*ment, n.
Defn: Judgment. [Obs.] Chaucer.
JUGERJu"ger, n. Etym: [L. jugerum.]
Defn: A Roman measure of land, measuring 28,800 square feet, or 240 feet in length by 120 in breadth.
JUGGERJug"ger, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: An East Indian falcon. See Lugger.
JUGGERNAUTJug"ger*naut`, n. Etym: [Skr. jagannatha lord of the world.]
Defn: One of the names under which Vishnu, in his incarnation asKrishna, is worshiped by the Hindoos. [Written also Juggernnath,Jaganath, Jaganatha, etc.]
Note: The principal seat of the worship of Juggernaut is at Pûri in Orissa. At certain times the idol is drawn from the temple by the multitude, on a high car with sixteen wheels. Formerly, fanatics sometimes threw themselves under the wheels to be crushed as a sacrifice to the god.
JUGGLEJug"gle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Juggled; p. pr. & vb. n. Juggling.]Etym: [OE. juglen; cf. OF. jogler, jugler, F. jongler. See Juggler.]
1. To play tricks by sleight of hand; to cause amusement and sport by tricks of skill; to conjure.
2. To practice artifice or imposture. Be these juggling fiends no more believed. Shak.
JUGGLEJug"gle, v. t.
Defn: To deceive by trick or artifice. Is't possible the spells of France should juggle Men into such strange mysteries Shak.
JUGGLEJug"gle, n.
1. A trick by sleight of hand.
2. An imposture; a deception. Tennyson. A juggle of state to cozen the people. Tillotson.
3. A block of timber cut to a length, either in the round or split. Knight.
JUGGLER Jug"gler, n. Etym: [OE. jogelour, juglur, OF. jogleor, jugleor, jongleor, F. jongleur, fr. L. joculator a jester, joker, fr. joculus a little jest or joke, dim. of jocus jest, joke. See Joke, and cf. Jongleur, Joculator.]
1. One who practices or exhibits tricks by sleight of hand; one skilled in legerdemain; a conjurer. As nimble jugglers that deceive the eye. Shak. Jugglers and impostors do daily delude them. Sir T. Browne.
2. A deceiver; a cheat. Shak.
JUGGLERESSJug"gler*ess, n.
1. A female juggler. T. Warton.
JUGGLERYJug"gler*y, n. Etym: [OE. & OF. joglerie, F. jonglerie.]
1. The art or act of a juggler; sleight of hand.
2. Trickery; imposture; as, political jugglery.
JUGGLINGJug"gling, a.
Defn: Cheating; tricky.— Jug"gling*ly, adv.
JUGGLINGJug"gling, n.
Defn: Jugglery; underhand practice.
JUGGSJuggs, n. pl.
Defn: See Jougs. [Scot.]
JUGLANDIN Jug"lan*din, n. Etym: [L. juglans, -andis, a walnut: cf. F. juglandine.] (Chem.)
Defn: An extractive matter contained in the juice of the green shucks of the walnut (Juglans regia). It is used medicinally as an alterative, and also as a black hair dye.
JUGLANDINEJug"lan*dine, n.
Defn: An alkaloid found in the leaves of the walnut (Juglans regia).
JUGLANSJug"lans, n. Etym: [L., walnut.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of valuable trees, including the true walnut of Europe, and the America black walnut, and butternut.
JUGLONEJu"glone, n. Etym: [L. juglans the walnut + -one.] (Chem.)
Defn: A yellow crystalline substance resembling quinone, extracted from green shucks of the walnut (Juglans regia); — called also nucin.
JUGULAR Ju"gu*lar, a. Etym: [L. jugulum the collar bone, which joins together the shoulders and the breast, the throat, akin to jungere to yoke, to join: cf. F. jugulaire. See Join.]
1. (Anat.) (a) Of or pertaining to the throat or neck; as, the jugular vein. (b) Of or pertaining to the jugular vein; as, the jugular foramen.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having the ventral fins beneath the throat; — said of certain fishes.
JUGULARJu"gu*lar, n. Etym: [Cf. F. jugulaire. See Jugular, a.]
1. (Anat.)
Defn: One of the large veins which return the blood from the head to the heart through two chief trunks, an external and an internal, on each side of the neck; — called also the jugular vein.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any fish which has the ventral fins situated forward of the pectoral fins, or beneath the throat; one of a division of fishes (Jugulares).
JUGULATEJu"gu*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jugulated; p. pr. & vb. n.Jugulating.] Etym: [L. jugulatus, p. p. of jugulare, fr. jugulatum.See Jugular.]
Defn: To cut the throat of. [R.] Jacob Bigelow.
JUGULUMJu"gu*lum, n.; pl. Jugula. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The lower throat, or that part of the neck just above the breast.
JUGUM Ju"gum, n.; pl. L. Juga, E. Jugums. Etym: [L., a yoke, ridge.] (Bot.) (a) One of the ridges commonly found on the fruit of umbelliferous plants. (b) A pair of the opposite leaflets of a pinnate plant.
JUICEJuice, n. Etym: [OE. juse, F.jus broth, gravy, juice, L. jus; akin toSkr. y.]
Defn: The characteristic fluid of any vegetable or animal substance;the sap or part which can be expressed from fruit, etc.; the fluidpart which separates from meat in cooking.An animal whose juices are unsound. Arbuthnot.The juice of July flowers. B. Jonson.The juice of Egypt's grape. Shak.Letters which Edward Digby wrote in lemon juice. Macaulay.Cold water draws the juice of meat. Mrs. Whitney.
JUICEJuice, v. t.
Defn: To moisten; to wet. [Obs.] Fuller.
JUICELESSJuice"less, a.
Defn: Lacking juice; dry. Dr. H. More.
JUICINESSJui"ci*ness, n.
Defn: The state or quality of being juicy; succulence plants.
JUICYJui"cy, a. [Compar. Juicier; superl. Juiciest.]
Defn: A bounding with juice; succulent. Bacon.
JUISEJu*ise", n. Etym: [OF. juise. L. judicium. See Judicial.]
Defn: Judgment; justice; sentence. [Obs.]Up [on] pain of hanging and high juise. Chaucer.
JUJUBEJu"jube, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. zizyphum, Gr. zizf, zizaf, zayzaf.]
Defn: The sweet and edible drupes (fruits) of several Mediterranean and African species small trees, of the genus Zizyphus, especially the Z. jujuba, Z. vulgaris, Z. mucronata, and Z. Lotus. The last named is thought to have furnished the lotus of the ancient Libyan Lotophagi, or lotus eaters. Jujube paste, the dried or inspissated jelly of the jujube; also, a confection made of gum arabic sweetened.
JUJUTSU; JUJITSU; JIUJUTSU; JIUJITSU Ju"jut`su, n. Also Ju"jit`su, Jiu"jut`su, Jiu"jit`su. [Jap. jujutsu; ju soft (prob. because no weapons are used) + jutsu art.]
Defn: The Japanese art of self-defense without weapons, now widely used as a system of physical training. It depends for its efficiency largely upon the principle of making use of an opponent's strength and weight to disable or injure him, and by applying pressure so that his opposing movement will throw him out of balance, dislocate or break a joint, etc. It opposes knowledge and skill to brute strength, and demands an extensive practical knowledge of human anatomy.
JUKEJuke, v. i. Etym: [from Scottish jouk to bow.]
Defn: To bend the neck; to bow or duck the head. [Written also jookand jouk.]The money merchant was so proud of his trust that he went juking andtossing of his head. L' Estrange.
JUKEJuke, n.
Defn: The neck of a bird. [Prov. Eng.]
JUKEJuke, v. i. Etym: [F. juc a roost, perch, jucher to roost, to perch.]
Defn: To perch on anything, as birds do. [Obs.]
JUKES, THEJukes, The
Defn: A pseudonym used to designate the descendants of two sisters, the "Jukes" sisters, whose husbands were sons of a backwoodsman of Dutch descent. They lived in the State of New York, and their history was investigated by R. L. Dugdale as an example of the inheritance of criminal and immoral tendencies, disease, and pauperism. Sixty per cent of those traced showed, degeneracy, and they are estimated to have cost society $1,308,000 in 75 years.
JULACEOUSJu*la"ceous, a. Etym: [See Julus.] (Bot.)
Defn: Like an ament, or bearing aments; amentaceous.
JULEP Ju"lep, n. Etym: [F., fr. Sp. julepe, fr. Ar. & Per. julab, jullab, fr. Per. gulab rose water and julep; gul rose + ab water.]
1. A refreshing drink flavored with aromatic herbs; esp. (Med.),
Defn: a sweet, demulcent, acidulous, or mucilaginous mixture, used asa vehicle. Milton.Honey in woods, juleps in brooks. H. Vaughan.
2. A beverage composed of brandy, whisky, or some other spirituous liquor, with sugar, pounded ice, and sprigs of mint; — called also mint julep. [U.S.]
JULIANJul"ian a. Etym: [L. Julianus, fr. Julius. Cf. July, Gillian.]
Defn: Relating to, or derived from, Julius Cæsar. Julian calendar, the calendar as adjusted by Julius Cæsar, in which the year was made to consist of 365 days, each fourth year having 366 days. — Julian epoch, the epoch of the commencement of the Julian calendar, or 46 b. c. — Julian period, a chronological period of 7,980 years, combining the solar, lunar, and indiction cycles (28 x 19 x 15 = 7,980), being reckoned from the year 4713 B. C., when the first years of these several cycles would coincide, so that if any year of the period be divided by 28, 19, or 15, the remainder will be the year of the corresponding cycle. The Julian period was proposed by Scaliger, to remove or avoid ambiguities in chronological dates, and was so named because composed of Julian years. — Julian year, the year of 365 days, 6 hours, adopted in the Julian calendar, and in use until superseded by the Gregorian year, as established in the reformed or Gregorian calendar.
JULIENNEJu`li*enne", n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: A kind of soup containing thin slices or shreds of carrots, onions, etc.
JULIFORMJu"li*form, a. Etym: [Julus + -form.] (Bot.)
Defn: Having the shape or appearance of a julus or catkin.
JULUSJu"lus, n.; pl.Juli. Etym: [Of the same origin as iulus.] (Bot.)
Defn: A catkin or ament. See Ament.
JULYJu*ly", n.; pl. Julies. Etym: [L.Julius; — named from Caius JuliusCæsar, who was born in this month: cf. F. Juillet.]
Defn: The seventh month of the year, containing thirty-one days.
Note: This month was called Quintilis, or the fifth month, according to the old Roman calendar, in which March was the first month of the year.
JULY-FLOWERJu*ly"-flow`er, n.
Defn: See Gillyflower.
JUMARTJu"mart, n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: The fabled offspring of a bull and a mare. Locke.
JUMBLEJum"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jumbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Jumbling.]Etym: [Prob. fr. jump, i. e., to make to jump, or shake.]
Defn: To mix in a confused mass; to put or throw together withoutorder; — often followed by together or up.Why dost thou blend and jumble such inconsistencies together Burton.Every clime and age Jumbled together. Tennyson.
JUMBLEJum"ble, v. i.
Defn: To meet or unite in a confused way; to mix confusedly. Swift.
JUMBLEJum"ble, n.
1. A confused mixture; a mass or collection without order; as, a jumble of words.
2. A small, thin, sugared cake, usually ring-shaped.
JUMBLEMENTJum"ble*ment, n.
Defn: Confused mixture. [Low]
JUMBLERJum"bler, n.
Defn: One who confuses things.
JUMBLINGLYJum"bling*ly, adv.
Defn: In a confused manner.
JUMELLEJu`melle", a. [F., fem. of jumeau, fr. L. gemellus. Cf. Gemel, a.]
Defn: Twin; paired; — said of various objects made or formed in pairs, as a binocular opera glass, a pair of gimmal rings, etc.
JUMELLEJu`melle", n.
Defn: A jumelle opera glass, or the like.
JUMENT Ju"ment, n. Etym: [L. jumentum a beast of burden: cf. F. jument a mare, OF., a beast of burden.]
Defn: A beast; especially, a beast of burden. [Obs.]Fitter for juments than men to feed on. Burton.
JUMP Jump, n. Etym: [Cf. F. jupe a long petticoat, a skirt. Cf. Juppon.] (a) A kind of loose jacket for men. (b) pl.
Defn: A bodice worn instead of stays by women in the 18th century.
JUMPJump, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jumped; p. pr. & vb. n. Jumping.] Etym:[Akin to OD. gumpen, dial. G. gumpen, jumpen.]
1. To spring free from the ground by the muscular action of the feet and legs; to project one's self through the air; to spring; to bound; to leap. Not the worst of the three but jumps twelve foot and a half by the square. Shak.
2. To move as if by jumping; to bounce; to jolt. "The jumping chariots." Nahum iii. 2. A flock of geese jump down together. Dryden.
3. To coincide; to agree; to accord; to tally; — followed by with. "It jumps with my humor." Shak. To jump at, to spring to; hence, fig., to accept suddenly or eagerly; as, a fish jumps at a bait; to jump at a chance.
JUMPJump, v. t.
1. To pass by a spring or leap; to overleap; as, to jump a stream.
2. To cause to jump; as, he jumped his horse across the ditch.
3. To expose to danger; to risk; to hazard. [Obs.] To jump a body with a dangerous physic. Shak.
4. (Smithwork) (a) To join by a butt weld. (b) To thicken or enlarge by endwise blows; to upset.
5. (Quarrying)
Defn: To bore with a jumper. To jump a claim, to enter upon and take possession of land to which another has acquired a claim by prior entry and occupation. [Western U. S. & Australia] See Claim, n., 3. — To jump one's bail, to abscond while at liberty under bail bonds. [Slang, U. S.]
JUMPJump, n.
1. The act of jumping; a leap; a spring; a bound. "To advance by jumps." Locke.
2. An effort; an attempt; a venture. [Obs.] Our fortune lies Upon thisjump. Shak.
3. The space traversed by a leap.
4. (Mining)
Defn: A dislocation in a stratum; a fault.
5. (Arch.)
Defn: An abrupt interruption of level in a piece of brickwork or masonry. From the jump, from the start or beginning. [Colloq.] — Jump joint. (a) A butt joint. (b) A flush joint, as of plank in carvel-built vessels. — Jump seat. (a) A movable carriage seat. (b) A carriage constructed with a seat which may be shifted so as to make room for second or extra seat. Also used adjectively; as, a jump-seat wagon.
JUMPJump, a.
Defn: Nice; exact; matched; fitting; precise. [Obs.] "Jump names." B.Jonson.
JUMPJump, adv.
Defn: Exactly; pat.[Obs.] Shak.
JUMPERJump"er, n.
1. One who, or that which, jumps.
2. A long drilling tool used by masons and quarrymen.
3. A rude kind of sleigh; — usually, a simple box on runners which are in one piece with the poles that form the thills. [U.S.] J. F. Cooper.
4. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The larva of the cheese fly. See Cheese fly, under Cheese.
5. (Eccl.)
Defn: A name applied in the 18th century to certain Calvinistic Methodists in Wales whose worship was characterized by violent convulsions.
6. (Horology)
Defn: spring to impel the star wheel, also a pawl to lock fast a wheel, in a repeating timepiece. Baby jumper. See in the Vocabulary. — Bounty jumper. See under Bounty.
JUMPERJump"er, n. Etym: [See 1st Jump.]
Defn: A loose upper garment; as: (a) A sort of blouse worn by workmen over their ordinary dress to protect it. (b) A fur garment worn in Arctic journeys.
JUMPINGJump"ing, p. a. & vb. n.
Defn: of Jump, to leap. Jumping bean, a seed of a Mexican Euphorbia, containing the larva of a moth (Carpocapsa saltitans). The larva by its sudden movements causes the seed to roll to roll and jump about. — Jumping deer (Zoöl.), a South African rodent (Pedetes Caffer), allied to the jerboa. — Jumping jack, a toy figure of a man, jointed and made to jump or dance by means of strings. — Jumping louse (Zoöl.), any of the numerous species of plant lice belonging to the family Psyllidæ, several of which are injurious to fruit trees. — Jumping mouse (Zoöl.), North American mouse (Zapus Hudsonius), having a long tail and large hind legs. It is noted for its jumping powers. Called also kangaroo mouse. — Jumping mullet (Zoöl.), gray mullet. — Jumping shrew (Zoöl.), any African insectivore of the genus Macroscelides. They are allied to the shrews, but have large hind legs adapted for jumping. — Jumping spider (Zoöl.), spider of the genus Salticus and other related genera; one of the Saltigradæ; — so called because it leaps upon its prey.
JUMPING DISEASEJump"ing dis*ease".
Defn: A convulsive tic similar to or identical with miryachit, observed among the woodsmen of Maine.
JUMP SPARKJump spark.
Defn: A spark produced by the jumping of electricity across a permanent gap.
JUMPWELDJump"weld`, v. t.
Defn: See Buttweld, v. t.
JUMPYJump"y, a. [Compar. Jumpier; superl. Jumpiest.]
Defn: Jumping, or inducing to jump; characterized by jumps; hence, extremely nervous.
JUNCACEOUSJun*ca"ceous, a. Etym: [See Juncate.] (Bot.)
Defn: Of. pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order of plants(Juncaceæ), of which the common rush (Juncus) is the type.
JUNCATEJun"cate, n.
Defn: See Junket.[Obs.] Spenser.
JUNCITEJun"cite, n. Etym: [L. juncus a rush.] (Paleon.)
Defn: A fossil rush.
JUNCOJun"co, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any bird of the genus Junco, which includes several species ofNorth American finches; — called also snowbird, or blue snowbird.
JUNCOUSJun"cous, a. Etym: [L. juncosus, fr. juncus a rush.]
Defn: Full of rushes: resembling rushes; juncaceous. [R.] Johnson.
JUNCTIONJunc"tion, n. Etym: [L. junctio, fr. jungere, junctum, to join: cf.F. jonction. See Join.]
1. The act of joining, or the state of being joined; union; combination; coalition; as, the junction of two armies or detachments; the junction of paths.
2. The place or point of union, meeting, or junction; specifically, the place where two or more lines of railway meet or cross. Junction plate (Boilers), a covering or break-join plate riveted to and uniting the edges of sheets which make a butt joint. — Junction rails (Railroads), the switch, or movable, rails, connecting one line of track with another.
JUNCTION BOXJunc"tion box. (Elec.)
Defn: A box through which the main conductors of a system of electric distribution pass, and where connection is made with branch circuits.
JUNCTUREJunc"ture, n. Etym: [L.junctura, fr. jungere to join. See Jointure.]
1. A joining; a union; an alliance. [Obs.] "Devotional compliance and juncture of hearts." Eikon Basilike.
2. The line or point at which two bodies are joined; a joint; an articulation; a seam; as, the junctures of a vessel or of the bones. Boyle.
3. A point of time; esp., one made critical or important by a concurrence of circumstances; hence, a crisis; an exigency. "Extraordinary junctures." Addison. In such a juncture, what can the most plausible and refined philosophy offer Berkeley.
JUNE June, n. Etym: [L. Junius: cf. F. Juin. So called either from Junius, the name of a Roman gens, or from Juno, the goddess.]
Defn: The sixth month of the year, containing thirty days. And what is so rare as a day in June Then, if ever, come perfect days. Lowell. June beetle, June bug (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large brown beetles of the genus Lachnosterna and related genera; — so called because they begin to fly, in the northern United States, about the first of June. The larvæ of the June beetles live under ground, and feed upon the roots of grasses and other plants. Called also May bug or May beetle. — June grass (Bot.), a New England name for Kentucky blue grass. See Blue glass, and Illustration in Appendix.
JUNEATINGJune"a*ting, n.
Defn: A kind of early apple. [Written also jenneting.]
JUNEBERRY June"ber`ry, n. (Bot.) (a) The small applelike berry of American trees of genus Amelanchier; — also called service berry. (b) The shrub or tree which bears this fruit; — also called shad bush, and had tree.
JUNGERMANNIAJun`ger*man"ni*a, n.; pl. Jungermanniæ. Etym: [NL. Named after LudwigJungermann, a German botanist.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of hepatic mosses, now much circumscribed, but formerly comprising most plants of the order, which is sometimes therefore called Jungermanniaceæ.
JUNGLE Jun"gle, n. Etym: [Hind. jangal desert, forest, jungle; Skr. ja desert.]
Defn: A dense growth of brushwood, grasses, reeds, vines, etc.; an almost impenetrable thicket of trees, canes, and reedy vegetation, as in India, Africa, Australia, and Brazil. The jungles of India are of bamboos, canes, and other palms, very difficult to penetrate. Balfour (Cyc. of India). Jungle bear (Zoöl.), the aswail or sloth bear. — Jungle cat (Zoöl.), the chaus. — Jungle cock (Zoöl.), the male of a jungle fowl. — Jungle fowl. (Zoöl.) (a) Any wild species of the genus Gallus, of which several species inhabit India and the adjacent islands; as, the fork-tailed jungle fowl (G. varius) of Java, G. Stanleyi of Ceylon, and G. Bankiva of India.
Note: The latter, which resembles the domestic gamecock, is supposed to be one of the original species from which the domestic fowl was derived. (b) An Australian grallatorial bird (Megapodius tumulus) which is allied to the brush turkey, and, like the latter, lays its eggs in mounds of vegetable matter, where they are hatched by the heat produced by decomposition.
JUNGLYJun"gly, a.
Defn: Consisting of jungles; abounding with jungles; of the nature of a jungle.
JUNIORJun"ior, a. Etym: [L. contr. fr. juvenior, compar. of juvenis young.See Juvenile.]
1. Less advanced in age than another; younger.
Note: Junior is applied to distinguish the younger of two persons bearing the same name in the same family, and is opposed to senior or elder. Commonly applied to a son who has the same Christian name as his father.
2. Lower in standing or in rank; later in office; as, a junior partner; junior counsel; junior captain.
3. Composed of juniors, whether younger or a lower standing; as, the junior class; of or pertaining to juniors or to a junior class. See Junior, n., 2.
4. Belonging to a younger person, or an earlier time of life. Our first studies and junior endeavors. Sir T. Browne.
JUNIORJun"ior, n.
1. A younger person. His junior she, by thirty years. Byron.
2. Hence: One of a lower or later standing; specifically, in American colleges, one in the third year of his course, one in the fourth or final year being designated a senior; in some seminaries, one in the first year, in others, one in the second year, of a three years' course.
JUNIORITYJun*ior"i*ty, n.
Defn: The state or quality of being junior.
JUNIPER Ju"ni*per, n. Etym: [L. juniperus, prop., youth-producing, and so called from its evergreen appearance, from the roots of E. juvenile, and parent. Cf. Gin the liquor.] (Bot.)
Defn: Any evergreen shrub or tree, of the genus Juniperus and orderConiferæ.
Note: The common juniper (J. communis) is a shrub of a low, spreading form, having awl-shaped, rigid leaves in whorls of threes, and bearing small purplish blue berries (or galbuli), of a warm, pungent taste, used as diuretic and in flavoring gin. A resin exudes from the bark, which has erroneously been considered identical with sandarach, and is used as pounce. The oil of juniper is acrid, and used for various purposes, as in medicine, for making varnish, etc. The wood of several species is of a reddish color, hard and durable, and is used in cabinetwork under the names of red cedar, Bermuda cedar, etc. Juniper worm (Zoöl.), the larva of a geometrid moth (Drepanodes varus). It feeds upon the leaves of the juniper, and mimics the small twigs both in form and color, in a remarkable manner.
JUNIPERINJu"ni*per*in, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A yellow amorphous substance extracted from juniper berries.
JUNIPERITEJu"ni*per*ite, n. (Paleon.)
Defn: One of the fossil Coniferæ, evidently allied to the juniper.
JUNKJunk, n.
Defn: A fragment of any solid substance; a thick piece. See Chunk.[Colloq.] Lowell.
JUNK Junk, n. Etym: [Pg. junco junk, rush, L. juncus a bulrush, of which ropes were made in early ages. Cf. Junket.]
1. Pieces of old cable or old cordage, used for making gaskets, mats, swabs, etc., and when picked to pieces, forming oakum for filling the seams of ships.
2. Old iron, or other metal, glass, paper, etc., bought and sold by junk dealers.
3. (Naut.)
Defn: Hard salted beef supplied to ships. Junk bottle , a stout bottle made of thick dark-colored glass. — Junk dealer, a dealer in old cordage, old metal, glass, etc. — Junk hook (Whaling), a hook for hauling heavy pieces of blubber on deck. — Junk ring. (a) A packing of soft material round the piston of a steam engine. (b) A metallic ring for retaining a piston packing in place; (c) A follower. — Junk shop, a shop where old cordage, and ship's tackle, old iron, old bottles, old paper, etc., are kept for sale. — Junk vat (Leather Manuf.), a large vat into which spent tan liquor or ooze is pumped. — Junk wad (Mil.), a wad used in proving cannon; also used in firing hot shot.
JUNK Junk, n. Etym: [Pg. junco; cf. Jav. & Malay jong, ajong, Chin. chwan.] (Naut.)
Defn: A large vessel, without keel or prominent stem, and with huge masts in one piece, used by the Chinese, Japanese, Siamese, Malays, etc., in navigating their waters.
JUNKERJun"ker, n. Etym: [G. Cf. Yonker.]
Defn: A young German noble or squire; esp., a member of the aristocratic party in Prussia.
JUNKERISMJun"ker*ism, n.
Defn: The principles of the aristocratic party in Prussia.
JUNKETJun"ket, n. Etym: [Formerly also juncate, fr. It. giuncata creamcheese, made in a wicker or rush basket, fr. L. juncus a rush. See 2dJunk, and cf. Juncate.]
1. A cheese cake; a sweetmeat; any delicate food. How Faery Mab the junkets eat. Milton. Victuals varied well in taste, And other junkets. Chapman.
2. A feast; an entertainment. A new jaunt or junket every night. Thackeray.
JUNKETJun"ket, v. i.
Defn: To feast; to banquet; to make an entertainment; — sometimesapplied opprobriously to feasting by public officers at the publiccost.Job's children junketed and feasted together often. South.
JUNKETJun"ket, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Junketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Junketing.]
Defn: To give entertainment to; to feast. The good woman took my lodgings over my head, and was in such a hurry to junket her neighbors. Walpole.
JUNKETINGJun"ket*ing, n.
Defn: A feast or entertainment; a revel.All those snug junketings and public gormandizings for which theancient magistrates were equally famous with their modern successors.W. Irving.The apostle would have no reveling or junketing upon the altar.South.
JUNKETRIESJun"ket*ries, n. pl.
Defn: Sweetmeats. [Obs.]
JUNOJu"no, n.; pl. Junos. Etym: [L.]
1. (Rom. Myth.)
Defn: The sister and wife of Jupiter, the queen of heaven, and thegoddess who presided over marriage. She corresponds to the GreekHera.Sweeter than the lids of Juno's eyes. Shak.
2. (Astron.)
Defn: One of the early discovered asteroids. Bird of June, the peacock.
JUNOJu"no (ju"no), n.; pl. Junos (-noz). [L.]
1. (Rom. Myth.) The sister and wife of Jupiter, the queen of heaven, and the goddess who presided over marriage. She corresponds to the Greek Hera.
Sweeter than the lids of Juno's eyes.Shak.
2. (Astron.) One of the early discovered asteroids.
Bird of Juno, the peacock.
JUNOLDJun"old, a. [Obs.]
Defn: See Gimmal.
JUNTA Jun"ta, n.; pl. Juntas. Etym: [Sp., fr. L. junctus joined, p. p. of jungere to join. See Join, and cf. Junto.]
Defn: A council; a convention; a tribunal; an assembly; esp., the grand council of state in Spain.
JUNTOJun"to, n.; pl. Juntos. Etym: [Sp. junto united. See Junta.]
Defn: A secret council to deliberate on affairs of government or politics; a number of men combined for party intrigue; a faction; a cabal; as, a junto of ministers; a junto of politicians. The puzzling sons of party next appeared, In dark cabals and mighty juntos met. Thomson.
JUPARTIEJup"ar*tie, n.
Defn: Jeopardy. [Obs.] Chaucer.
JUPATI PALMJu`pa*ti" palm`. (Bot.)
Defn: A great Brazilian palm tree (Raphia tædigera), used by the natives for many purposes.
JUPEJupe, n.
Defn: Same as Jupon.
JUPITERJu"pi*ter, n. Etym: [L., fr. Jovis pater. See Jove.]
1. (Rom. Myth.)
Defn: The supreme deity, king of gods and men, and reputed to be the son of Saturn and Rhea; Jove. He corresponds to the Greek Zeus.
2. (Astron.)
Defn: One of the planets, being the brightest except Venus, and the largest of them all, its mean diameter being about 85,000 miles. It revolves about the sun in 4,332.6 days, at a mean distance of 5.2028 from the sun, the earth's mean distance being taken as unity. Jupiter's beard. (Bot.) (a) A South European herb, with cymes of small red blossoms (Centranthus ruber). (b) The houseleek (Sempervivum tectorum); — so called from its massive inflorescence, like the sculptured beard of Jove. Prior. (c) the cloverlike Anthyllis Barba-Jovis. — Jupiter's staff (Bot.), the common mullein; — so called from its long, rigid spike of yellow blossoms.
JUPON; JUPPONJu*pon", Jup*pon", n. Etym: [F. jupon, fr. jupe skirt, Sp. aljuba aMoorish garment, Ar. jubba.] [Written variously jupe, jump, juppo,etc.]
1. A sleeveless jacket worn over the armor in the 14th century. It fitted closely, and descended below the hips. Dryden.
2. A petticoat. Halliwell.
JURAJu"ra, n. Etym: [F. & L.]
Defn: 1. A range of mountains between France and Switzerland.
2. (Geol.)
Defn: The Jurassic period. See Jurassic.
JURALJu"ral, a. Etym: [L.jus, juris, right.]
1. Pertaining to natural or positive right. [R.] By the adjective jural we shall denote that which has reference to the doctrine of rights and obligations; as by the adjective "moral" we denote that which has reference to the doctrine of duties. Whewell.
2. (Law)
Defn: Of or pertaining to jurisprudence.
JURAMENTUMJu`ra*men"tum, n.; pl. Juramenta (. Etym: [L.] (Roman & Old Eng. Law)
Defn: An oath.
JURASSICJu*ras"sic, a. (Geol.)
Defn: Of the age of the middle Mesozoic, including, as divided in England and Europe, the Lias, Oölite, and Wealden; — named from certain rocks of the Jura mountains. — n.
Defn: The Jurassic period or formation; — called also the Jura.
JURAT Ju"rat, n. Etym: [Prov. F. jurat, fr. L. juratus sworn, p. p. of jurare to swear. See Jury, n.]
1. A person under oath; specifically, an officer of the nature of an alderman, in certain municipal corporations in England. Burrill.
2. (Law)
Defn: The memorandum or certificate at the end of an asffidavit, or a bill or answer in chancery, showing when, before whom, and (in English practice), where, it was sworn or affirmed. Wharton. Bouvier.
JURATORY Ju"ra*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. juratorius, fr. jurare to swear: cf. F. juratoire.]
Defn: Relating to or comprising an oath; as, juratory caution.Ayliffe.
JURA-TRIASJu`ra-tri"as, n. (Geol.)
Defn: A term applied to many American Mesozoic strata, in which thecharacteristics of the Jurassic and Triassic periods appear to beblended.— Ju`ra-tri*as"sic, a.
JURDICCIONJur*dic"ci*on, n.
Defn: Jurisdiction. [Obs.]
JURDONJur"don, n.
Defn: Jordan. [Obs.] Chaucer.
JURELJu"rel, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A yellow carangoid fish of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts (Caranx chrysos), most abundant southward, where it is valued as a food fish; — called also hardtail, horse crevallé, jack, buffalo jack, skipjack, yellow mackerel, and sometimes, improperly, horse mackerel. Other species of Caranx (as C. fallax) are also sometimes called jurel.
JURIDIC; JURIDICAL Ju*rid"ic, Ju*rid"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. juridicus relating to the administration of justice; jus, juris, right, law + dicare to pronounce: cf. F. juridique. See Just, a., and Diction.]
Defn: Pertaining to a judge or to jurisprudence; acting in the distribution of justice; used in courts of law; according to law; legal; as, juridical law. "This juridical sword." Milton. The body corporate of the kingdom, in juridical construction, never dies. Burke. Juridical days, days on which courts are open.
JURIDICALLYJu*rid*ic*al*ly, adv.
Defn: In a juridical manner.
JURISCONSULT Ju`ris*con"sult, n. Etym: [L. jurisconsultus; jus, juris, right + consulere, consultum, to consult: cf. F. jurisconsulte.] (Law)
Defn: A man learned in the civil law; an expert in juridical science; a professor of jurisprudence; a jurist.
JURISDICTIONJu`ris*dic"tion, n. Etym: [L. jurisdictio; jus, juris, right, law +dictio a saying, speaking: cf. OF. jurisdiction, F. juridiction. SeeJust, a., and Diction.]
1. (Law)
Defn: The legal power, right, or authority of a particular court to hear and determine causes, to try criminals, or to execute justice; judicial authority over a cause or class of causes; as, certain suits or actions, or the cognizance of certain crimes, are within the jurisdiction of a particular court, that is, within the limits of its authority or commission.
2. The authority of a sovereign power to govern or legislate; the right of making or enforcing laws; the power or right of exercising authority. To live exempt From Heaven's high jurisdiction. Milton. You wrought to be a legate; by which power You maim'd the jurisdiction of all bishops. Shak.
3. Sphere of authority; the limits within which any particular power may be exercised, or within which a government or a court has authority.
Note: Jurisdiction, in its most general sense, is the power to make, declare, or apply the law. When confined to the judiciary department, it is what we denominate the judicial power, the right of administering justice through the laws, by the means which the laws have provided for that purpose. Jurisdiction is limited to place or territory, to persons, or to particular subjects. Duponceau.
JURISDICTIONAL Ju`ris*dic"tion*al, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. jurisdictionalis, F. juridictionnel.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to jurisdiction; as jurisdictional rights.Barrow.
JURISDICTIVEJu`ris*dic"tive, a.
Defn: Having jurisdiction. Milton.
JURISPRUDENCE Ju`ris*pru"dence, n. Etym: [L. jurisprudentia; jus, juris, right, law + prudentia a foreseeing, knowledge of a matter, prudence: cf. F. jurisprudence. See Just, a., and Prudence.]
Defn: The science of juridical law; the knowledge of the laws, customs, and rights of men in a state or community, necessary for the due administration of justice. The talents of Abelard were not confined to theology, jurisprudence, philosophy. J. Warton. Medical jurisprudence, that branch of juridical law which concerns questions of medicine.
JURISPRUDENTJu`ris*pru"dent, a.Etym: [See Jurisprudence.]
Defn: Understanding law; skilled in jurisprudence. G. West.
JURISPRUDENTJu`ris*pru"dent, n. Etym: [Cf. F. jurisprudent.]
Defn: One skilled in law or jurisprudence. [R.] De Quincey.
JURISPRUDENTIALJu`ris*pru*den"tial, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to jurisprudence. Stewart.
JURIST Ju`rist, n. Etym: [F. juriste, LL. jurista, fr. L. jus, juris, right, law. See Just, a.]
Defn: One who professes the science of law; one versed in the law, especially in the civil law; a writer on civil and international law. It has ever been the method of public jurists to Burke.
JURISTIC; JURISTICALJu*ris"tic, Ju*ris"tic*al, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a jurist, to the legal profession, or to jurisprudence. [R.] "Juristic ancestry." Lowell.
JUROR Ju"ror, n. Etym: [F. jureur one who takes oath, L. jurator a swearer, fr. jurare, jurari, to swear. See Jury, n.]
1. (Law)
Defn: A member of a jury; a juryman.I shall both find your lordship judge and juror. Shak.
2. A member of any jury for awarding prizes, etc.
JURYJu"ry, a. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Naut.)
Defn: For temporary use; — applied to a temporary contrivance. Jurymast, a temporary mast, in place of one that has been carried away,or broken.— Jury rudder, a rudder constructed for temporary use.
JURYJu"ry, n.; pl. Juries. Etym: [OF. jurée an assize, fr. jurer toswear, L. jurare, jurari; akin to jus, juris, right, law. SeeJust,a., and cf. Jurat, Abjure.]
1. (Law)
Defn: A body of men, usually twelve, selected according to law, impaneled and sworn to inquire into and try any matter of fact, and to render their true verdict according to the evidence legally adduced. See Grand jury under Grand, and Inquest. The jury, passing on the prisoner's life. Shak.
2. A committee for determining relative merit or awarding prizes at an exhibition or competition; as, the art jury gave him the first prize. Jury of inquest, a coroner's jury. See Inquest.
JURYMANJu"ry*man, n.; pl. Jurymen (.
Defn: One who is impaneled on a jury, or who serves as a juror.
JURY MAST Ju"ry mast. (a) A temporary mast, in place of one that has been carried away, or broken. (b) (Med.) An apparatus to support the trunk and head in spinal disease.
JURY-RIGGEDJu"ry-rigged`, a. (Naut.)
Defn: Rigged for temporary service. See Jury, a.
JUSSIJus"si, n.
Defn: A delicate fiber, produced in the Philippine Islands from an unidentified plant, of which dresses, etc., are made.
JUSTJust, a. Etym: [F. juste, L. justus, fr. jus right, law, justice;orig., that which is fitting; akin to Skr. yu to join. Cf. Injury,Judge, Jury, Giusto.]
1. Conforming or conformable to rectitude or justice; not doing wrong to any; violating no right or obligation; upright; righteous; honest; true; — said both of persons and things. "O just but severe law!" Shak. There is not a just man upon earth, that doeth good, and sinneth not. Eccl. vii. 20. Just balances, just weights, . . . shall ye have. Lev. xix. 36. How should man be just with God Job ix. 2. We know your grace to be a man. Just and upright. Shak.
2. Not transgressing the requirement of truth and propriety; conformed to the truth of things, to reason, or to a proper standard; exact; normal; reasonable; regular; due; as, a just statement; a just inference. Just of thy word, in every thought sincere. Pope. The prince is here at hand: pleaseth your lordship To meet his grace just distance 'tween our armies. Shak. He was a comely personage, a little above just stature. Bacon. Fire fitted with just materials casts a constant heat. Jer. Taylor. When all The war shall stand ranged in its just array. Addison. Their named alone would make a just volume. Burton.
3. Rendering or disposed to render to each one his due; equitable; fair; impartial; as, just judge. Men are commonly so just to virtue and goodness as to praise it in others, even when they do not practice it themselves. Tillotson. Just intonation. (Mus.) (a) The correct sounding of notes or intervals; true pitch. (b) The giving all chords and intervals in their purity or their exact mathematical ratio, or without temperament; a process in which the number of notes and intervals required in the various keys is much greater than the twelve to the octave used in systems of temperament. H. W. Poole.
Syn. — Equitable; upright; honest; true; fair; impartial; proper; exact; normal; orderly; regular.
JUSTJust, adv.
1. Precisely; exactly; — in place, time, or degree; neither more norless than is stated.And having just enough, not covet more. Dryden.The god Pan guided my hand just to the heart of the beast. Sir P.Sidney.To-night, at Herne's oak, just 'twixt twelve and one. Shak.
2. Closely; nearly; almost. Just at the point of death. Sir W. Temple.
3. Barely; merely; scarcely; only; by a very small space or time; as, he just missed the train; just too late. A soft Etesian gale But just inspired and gently swelled the sail. Dryden. Just now, the least possible time since; a moment ago.
JUSTJust, v. i. Etym: [See Joust.]
Defn: To joust. Fairfax.
JUSTJust, n.
Defn: A joust. Dryden.
JUSTICE Jus"tice, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. justitia, fr. justus just. See Just, a.]
1. The quality of being just; conformity to the principles of righteousness and rectitude in all things; strict performance of moral obligations; practical conformity to human or divine law; integrity in the dealings of men with each other; rectitude; equity; uprightness. Justice and judgment are the haditation of thy throne. Ps. ixxxix. 11. The king-becoming graces, As justice, verity, temperance, stableness, . . . I have no relish of them. Shak.
2. Conformity to truth and reality in expressing opinions and in conduct; fair representation of facts respecting merit or demerit; honesty; fidelity; impartiality; as, the justice of a description or of a judgment; historical justice.
3. The rendering to every one his due or right; just treatment; requital of desert; merited reward or punishment; that which is due to one's conduct or motives. This even-handed justice Commends the ingredients of our poisoned chalice To our own lips. Shak.
4. Agreeableness to right; equity; justness; as, the justice of a claim.
5. A person duly commissioned to hold courts, or to try and decide controversies and administer justice.
Note: This title is given to the judges of the common law courts in England and in the United States, and extends to judicial officers and magistrates of every grade. Bed of justice. See under Bed. — Chief justice. See in the Vocabulary. — Justice of the peace (Law), a judicial officer or subordinate magistrate appointed for the conservation of the peace in a specified district, with other incidental powers specified in his commission. In the United States a justice of the peace has jurisdiction to adjudicate certain minor cases, commit offenders, etc.
Syn. — Equity; law; right; rectitude; honesty; integrity; uprightness; fairness; impartiality. — Justice, Equity, Law. Justice and equity are the same; but human laws, though designed to secure justice, are of necessity imperfect, and hence what is strictly legal is at times far from being equitable or just. Here a court of equity comes in to redress the grievances. It does so, as distinguished from courts of law; and as the latter are often styled courts of justice, some have fancied that there is in this case a conflict between justice and equity. The real conflict is against the working of the law; this a court of equity brings into accordance with the claims of justice. It would be an unfortunate use of language which should lead any one to imagine he might have justice on his side while practicing iniquity (inequity). Justice, Rectitude. Rectitude, in its widest sense, is one of the most comprehensive words in our language, denoting absolute conformity to the rule of right in principle and practice. Justice refers more especially to the carrying out of law, and has been considered by moralists as of three kinds: (1) Commutative justice, which gives every man his own property, including things pledged by promise. (2) Distributive justice, which gives every man his exact deserts. (3) General justice, which carries out all the ends of law, though not in every case through the precise channels of commutative or distributive justice; as we see often done by a parent or a ruler in his dealings with those who are subject to his control.
JUSTICEJus"tice, v. t.
Defn: To administer justice to. [Obs.] Bacon.
JUSTICEABLEJus"tice*a*ble, a.
Defn: Liable to trial in a court of justice. [Obs.] Hayward.
JUSTICEHOODJus"tice*hood, n.
Defn: Justiceship. B. Jonson.
JUSTICEMENTJus"tice*ment, n.
Defn: Administration of justice; procedure in courts of justice.[Obs.] Johnson.
JUSTICERJus"ti*cer, n.
Defn: One who administers justice; a judge. [Obs.] "Some upright justicer." Shak.
JUSTICESHIPJus"tice*ship, n.
Defn: The office or dignity of a justice. Holland.
JUSTICIABLEJus*ti"ci*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. justitiabilis, F. justiciable.]
Defn: Proper to be examined in a court of justice. Bailey.
JUSTICIARJus*ti"ci*ar, n.
Defn: Same as Justiciary.
JUSTICIARYJus*ti"ci*a*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. justitiarius, F. justicier. SeeJustice.] (Old Eng. Law)
Defn: An old name for the judges of the higher English courts.
Note: The chief justiciary, or justiciar, in early English history, was not only the chief justice of the kingdom, but also ex officio regent in the king's absence. Court of justiciary (Scots Law), the supreme criminal court, having jurisdiction over the whole of Scotland.
JUSTICO; JUSTICOAT Jus"ti*co, Jus"ti*coat`, n. Etym: [F. justaucorps, lit., close to the body.]
Defn: Formerly, a close coat or waistcoat with sleeves.
JUSTIFIABLEJus"ti*fi`a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. justifiable. See Justify.]
Defn: Capable of being justified, or shown to be just.Just are the ways of God, An justifiable to men. Milton.
Syn.— Defensible; vindicable; warrantable; excusable; exculpable;authorizable.— Jus"ti*fi`a*ble*ness, n.— Jus"ti*fi`a*bly, adv.
JUSTIFICATIONJus`ti*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. justificatio: cf. F. justification.See Justify.]
1. The act of justifying or the state of being justified; a showing or proving to be just or conformable to law, justice, right, or duty; defense; vindication; support; as, arguments in justification of the prisoner's conduct; his disobedience admits justification. I hope, for my brother's justification, he wrote this but as an essay or taste of my virtue. Shak.
2. (Law)
Defn: The showing in court of a sufficient lawful reason why a party charged or accused did that for which he is called to answer.
3. (Theol.)
Defn: The act of justifying, or the state of being justified, in respect to God's requirements. Who was delivered for our offenses, and was raised again for our justification. Rom. iv. 25. In such righteousness To them by faith imputed, they may find Justification toward God, and peace Of conscience. Milton.
4. (Print.)
Defn: Adjustment of type by spacing it so as to make it exactly fill a line, or of a cut so as to hold it in the right place; also, the leads, quads, etc., used for making such adjustment.
JUSTIFICATIVEJus*tif"i*ca*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. justificatif.]
Defn: Having power to justify; justificatory.
JUSTIFICATORJus"ti*fi*ca`tor, n. Etym: [LL. justificator: cf. F. justificateur.]
Defn: One who justifies or vindicates; a justifier. Johnson.
JUSTIFICATORYJus*tif"i*ca*to*ry, a.
Defn: Vindicatory; defensory; justificative.
JUSTIFIERJus"ti*fi`er, n.
Defn: One who justifies; one who vindicates, supports, defends, orabsolves.Justifiers of themselves and hypocrites. Strype.That he might be just, and the justifier of him which believeth inJesus. Rom. iii. 26.
JUSTIFYJus"ti*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Justified; p. pr. & vb. n.Justifying.] Etym: [F. justifier, L. justificare; justus just + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See Just, a., and -fy.]
1. To prove or show to be just; to vindicate; to maintain or defend as conformable to law, right, justice, propriety, or duty. That to the height of this great argument I may assert eternal providence, And justify the ways of God to men. Milton. Unless the oppression is so extreme as to justify revolution, it would not justify the evil of breaking up a government. E. Everett.
2. To pronounce free from guilt or blame; to declare or prove to have done that which is just, right, proper, etc.; to absolve; to exonerate; to clear. I can not justify whom the law condemns. Shak.
3. (Theol.)
Defn: To treat as if righteous and just; to pardon; to exculpate; toabsolve.By him all that believe are justified from all things, from which yecould not be justified by the law of Moses. Acts xiii. 39.
4. To prove; to ratify; to confirm. [Obs.] Shak.
5. (Print.)
Defn: To make even or true, as lines of type, by proper spacing; to adjust, as type. See Justification, 4.
Syn. — To defend; maintain; vindicate; excuse; exculpate; absolve; exonerate.