Syn. — Kingly; regal; monarchical; imperial; kinglike; princely; august; majestic; superb; splendid; illustrious; noble; magnanimous.
ROYALRoy"al, n.
1. Printing and writing papers of particular sizes. See under paper, n.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: A small sail immediately above the topgallant sail. Totten.
3. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the upper or distal branches of an antler, as the third and fourth tynes of the antlers of a stag.
4. (Gun.)
Defn: A small mortar.
5. (Mil.)
Defn: One of the soldiers of the first regiment of foot of the British army, formerly called the Royals, and supposed to be the oldest regular corps in Europe; — now called the Royal Scots.
6. An old English coin. See Rial.
ROYALETRoy"al*et, n.
Defn: A petty or powerless king. [R.] there were at this time two other royalets, as only kings by his leave. Fuller.
ROYALISMRoy"al*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. royalisme.]
Defn: the principles or conduct of royalists.
ROYALISTRoy"al*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. royaliste.]
Defn: An adherent of a king (as of Charles I. in England, or of theBourbons in france); one attached to monarchical government.Where Ca'ndish fought, the Royalists prevailed. Waller.
ROYALIZATIONRoy`al*i*za"tion, n.
Defn: The act of making loyal to a king. [R.] Saintsbury.
ROYALIZERoy"al*ize, v. t.
Defn: to make royal. Shak.
ROYALLYRoy"al*ly, adv.
Defn: In a royal or kingly manner; like a king; as becomes a king.His body shall be royally interred. Dryden.
ROYAL SPADERoyal spade. (Auction Bridge)
Defn: A spade when spades are trumps under the condition that every trick over six taken by the successful bidder has a score value of 9; — usually in pl.
ROYALTY Roy"al*ty, n.; pl. Royalties. Etym: [OF. roialté, royaulté, F. royauté. See Royal, and cf. Regality.]
1. The state of being royal; the condition or quality of a royal person; kingship; kingly office; sovereignty. Royalty by birth was the sweetest way of majesty. Holyday.
2. The person of a king or sovereign; majesty; as, in the presence of royalty. For thus his royalty doth speak. Shak.
3. An emblem of royalty; — usually in the plural, meaning regalia.[Obs.]Wherefore do I assume These royalties, and not refuse to reignMilton.
4. Kingliness; spirit of regal authority. In his royalty of nature Reigns that which would be fear'd. Shak.
5. Domain; province; sphere. Sir W. Scott.
6. That which is due to a sovereign, as a seigniorage on gold and silver coined at the mint, metals taken from mines, etc.; the tax exacted in lieu of such share; imperiality.
7. A share of the product or profit (as of a mine, forest, etc.), reserved by the owner for permitting another to use the property.
8. Hence (Com.), a duty paid by a manufacturer to the owner of a patent or a copyright at a certain rate for each article manufactured; or, a percentage paid to the owner of an article by one who hires the use of it.
ROYNE Royne (roin), v. t. Etym: [F. rogner, OF. rooignier, to clip, pare, scare, fr. L. rotundus round See Rotund.]
Defn: To bite; to gnaw. [Written also roin.] [Obs.] Spenser.
ROYNISHRoyn"ish, a. Etym: [F. rogneux, from rogne scab, mange, itch.]
Defn: Mangy; scabby; hence, mean; paltry; troublesome. [Written also roinish.] [Obs.] "The roynish clown." Shak.
ROYSTER; ROYSTERERRoys"ter, Roys"ter*er, n.
Defn: same as Roister, Roisterer.
ROYSTON CROWRoys"ton crow`. Etym: [So called from Royston, a town in England.](Zoöl.)
Defn: See Hooded crow, under Hooded.
ROYTELETRoy"te*let, n. Etym: [F. roitelet, dim. of roi king.]
Defn: A little king. [Archaic] Heylin. Bancroft.
ROYTISH Roy"tish, a. Etym: [Prob. for riotish, from riot, like Scot. roytous for riotous.]
Defn: Wild; irregular. [Obs.]
RUBRub, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rubbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Rubbing.] Etym:[Probably of Celtic origin; cf. W. rhwbiaw, gael. rub.]
1. To subject (a body) to the action of something moving over its surface with pressure and friction, especially to the action of something moving back and forth; as, to rub the flesh with the hand; to rub wood with sandpaper. It shall be expedient, after that body is cleaned, to rub the body with a coarse linen cloth. Sir T. Elyot.
2. To move over the surface of (a body) with pressure and friction; to graze; to chafe; as, the boat rubs the ground.
3. To cause (a body) to move with pressure and friction along a surface; as, to rub the hand over the body. Two bones rubbed hard against one another. Arbuthnot.
4. To spread a substance thinly over; to smear. The smoothed plank, . . . New rubbed with balm. Milton.
5. To scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse; — often with up or over; as, to rub up silver. The whole business of our redemption is to rub over the defaced copy of the creation. South.
6. To hinder; to cross; to thwart. [R.] 'T is the duke's pleasure, Whose disposition, all the world well knows, Will not be rubbed nor stopped. Shak. To rub down. (a) To clean by rubbing; to comb or curry; as, to down a horse. (b) To reduce or remove by rubbing; as, to rub down the rough points. — To rub off, to clean anything by rubbing; to separate by friction; as, to rub off rust. — To rub out, to remove or separate by friction; to erase; to obliterate; as, to rub out a mark or letter; to rub out a stain. — To rub up. (a) To burnish; to polish; to clean. (b) To excite; to awaken; to rouse to action; as, to rub up the memory.
RUBRub, v. i.
1. To move along the surface of a body with pressure; to grate; as, a wheel rubs against the gatepost.
2. To fret; to chafe; as, to rub upon a sore.
3. To move or pass with difficulty; as, to rub through woods, as huntsmen; to rub through the world. To rub along or on, to go on with difficulty; as, they manage, with strict economy, to rub along. [Colloq.]
RUBRub, n. Etym: [Cf. W. rhwb. See Rub, v,t,]
1. The act of rubbing; friction.
2. That which rubs; that which tends to hinder or obstruct motion or progress; hindrance; obstruction, an impediment; especially, a difficulty or obstruction hard to overcome; a pinch. Every rub is smoothed on our way. Shak. To sleep, perchance to dream; ay, there's the rub. Shak. Upon this rub, the English ambassadors thought fit to demur. Hayward. One knows not, certainly, what other rubs might have been ordained for us by a wise Providence. W. Besant.
3. Inequality of surface, as of the ground in the game of bowls; unevenness. Shak.
4. Something grating to the feelings; sarcasm; joke; as, a hard rub.
5. Imperfection; failing; fault. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
6. A chance. [Obs.] Flight shall leave no Greek a rub. Chapman.
7. A stone, commonly flat, used to sharpen cutting tools; a whetstone; — called also rubstone. Rub iron, an iron guard on a wagon body, against which a wheel rubs when cramped too much.
RUBA-DUBRub"a-dub, n.
Defn: The sound of a drum when continuously beaten; hence, a clamorous, repeated sound; a clatter. The rubadub of the abolition presses. D. Webster.
RUBAIYAT Ru*bai*yat", n. pl.; sing. Rubai. [Ar. ruba'iyah quatrian, pl. of ruba'iy having four radicals, fr. ruba' four.]
Defn: Quatrians; as, the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. Sometimes in pl. construed as sing., a poem in such stanzas.
RUBATORu*ba"to, a. Etym: [It.]
Defn: Robbed; borrowed. Temple rubato. Etym: [It.] (Mus.) Borrowed time; — a term applied to a style of performance in which some tones are held longer than their legitimate time, while others are proportionally curtailed.
RUBBAGERub"bage (; 48), n.
Defn: Rubbish. [Obs.]
RUBBERRub"ber, n.
1. One who, or that which, rubs. Specifically: (a) An instrument or thing used in rubbing, polishing, or cleaning. (b) A coarse file, or the rough part of a file. (c) A whetstone; a rubstone. (d) An eraser, usually made of caoutchouc. (e) The cushion of an electrical machine. (f) One who performs massage, especially in a Turkish bath. (g) Something that chafes or annoys; hence, something that grates on the feelings; a sarcasm; a rub. Thackeray.
2. In some games, as whist, the odd game, as the third or the fifth, when there is a tie between the players; as, to play the rubber; also, a contest determined by the winning of two out of three games; as, to play a rubber of whist. Beaconsfield. "A rubber of cribbage." Dickens.
3. India rubber; caoutchouc.
4. An overshoe made of India rubber. [Colloq.] Antimony rubber, an elastic durable variety of vulcanized caoutchouc of a red color. It contains antimony sulphide as an important constituent. — Hard rubber, a kind of vulcanized caoutchouc which nearly resembles horn in texture, rigidity, etc. — India rubber, caoutchouc. See Caoutchouc. — Rubber cloth, cloth covered with caoutchouc for excluding water or moisture. — Rubber dam (Dentistry), a shield of thin sheet rubber clasped around a tooth to exclude saliva from the tooth.
RUBBERIZERub"ber*ize, v. t.
Defn: To coat or impregnate with rubber or a rubber solution or preparation, as silk.
RUBBIDGERub"bidge, n.
Defn: Rubbish. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
RUBBINGRub"bing,
Defn: a. & n. from Rub, v.
RUBBISH Rub"bish, n. Etym: [OE. robows, robeux, rubble, originally an Old French plural from an assumed dim. of robe, probably in the sense of trash; cf. It. robaccia trash, roba stuff, goods, wares, robe. Thus, etymologically rubbish is the pl. of rubble. See Robe, and cf. Rubble.]
Defn: Waste or rejected matter; anything worthless; valueless stuff; trash; especially, fragments of building materials or fallen buildings; ruins; débris. What rubbish and what offal! Shak. he saw the town's one half in rubbish lie. Dryden. Rubbish pulley. See Gin block, under Gin.
RUBBISHRub"bish, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to rubbish; of the quality of rubbish; trashy.De Quincey.
RUBBLERub"ble, n. Etym: [From an assumed Old French dim. of robe SeeRubbish.]
1. Water-worn or rough broken stones; broken bricks, etc., used in coarse masonry, or to fill up between the facing courses of walls. Inside [the wall] there was rubble or mortar. Jowett (Thucyd. ).
2. Rough stone as it comes from the quarry; also, a quarryman's term for the upper fragmentary and decomposed portion of a mass of stone; brash. Brande & C.
3. (Geol.)
Defn: A mass or stratum of fragments or rock lying under the alluvium, and derived from the neighboring rock. Lyell.
4. pl.
Defn: The whole of the bran of wheat before it is sorted into pollard, bran, etc. [Prov.Eng.] Simmonds. Coursed rubble, rubble masonry in which courses are formed by leveling off the work at certain heights.
RUBBLESTONERub"ble*stone`, n.
Defn: See Rubble, 1 and 2.
RUBBLEWORKRub"ble*work`, n.
Defn: Masonry constructed of unsquared stones that are irregular in size and shape.
RUBBLYRub"bly, a.
Defn: Relating to, or containing, rubble.
RUBEDINOUSRu*bed"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. rubedo redness, fr. rubere to be red.]
Defn: Reddish. [R.] M. Stuart.
RUBEFACIENT Ru`be*fa"cient, a. Etym: [L. rubefaciens, p.pr. of rubefacere to make red; rubere to be red + facere to make.]
Defn: Making red. — n. (Med.)
Defn: An external application which produces redness of the skin.
RUBEFACTIONRu`be*fac"tion, n.
Defn: The act or process of making red.
RUBELETRu"be*let (ru"be*lêt), n.
Defn: A little ruby. Herrick.
RUBELL; RUBELLERu*bell", Ru*belle", n. Etym: [L. rubellus reddish.]
Defn: A red color used in enameling. Weale.
RUBELLARu*bel"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. rubellus reddish.] (Med.)
Defn: An acute specific disease with a dusky red cutaneous eruption resembling that of measles, but unattended by catarrhal symptoms; — called also German measles.
RUBELLITERu"bel*lite, n. Etym: [L. rubellus reddish, dim. of ruber red.](Min.)
Defn: A variety of tourmaline varying in color from a pale rose to a deep ruby, and containing lithium.
RUBEOLA Ru*be"o*la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. ruber red.] (Med.) (a) the measles. (b) Rubella.
RUBERYTHRINICRu`ber*y*thrin"ic, a. Etym: [L. ruber red + erythrin.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid extracted from madder root. It is a yellow crystalline substance from which alizarin is obtained.
RUBESCENCERu*bes"cence, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being rubescent; a reddening; a flush.
RUBESCENTRu*bes"cent, a. Etym: [L. rubescens, -entis, p.pr. of rubescere togrow red, v. incho from rubere to be red: cf. F. rubescent. SeeRuby.]
Defn: Growing or becoming red; tending to redness.
RUBIACEOUSRu`bi*a"ceous, a. Etym: [L. rubia madder, fr. rubeus red.] (Bot.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to a very large natural order of plants (Rubiaceæ) named after the madder (Rubia tinctoria), and including about three hundred and seventy genera and over four thousand species. Among them are the coffee tree, the trees yielding peruvian bark and quinine, the madder, the quaker ladies, and the trees bearing the edible fruits called genipap and Sierre Leone peach, besides many plants noted for the beauty or the fragrance of their blossoms.
RUBIACINRu"bi*a*cin, n. Etym: [L. rubia madder, fr. rubeus red.] (Chem)
Defn: A substance found in madder root, and probably identical with ruberythrinic acid.
RUBIANRu"bi*an, n. Etym: [L. rubia madder, fr. rubeus red.] (Chem.)
Defn: One of several color-producing glycosides found in madder root.
RUBIANICRu`bi*an"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: pertaining to, or derived from, rubian; specifically, designating an acid called also ruberythrinic acid. [Obs.]
RU BIBLERu" bi*ble, n.
Defn: A ribble. [Obs.] Chaucer.
RUBICANRu"bi*can, a. Etym: [F.]
Defn: Colored a prevailing red, bay, or black, with flecks of white or gray especially on the flanks; — said of horses. Smart.
RUBICELLE Ru"bi*celle, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rubacelle, rubicelle, fr. L. rubeus red, reddish.] (Min.)
Defn: A variety of ruby of a yellowish red color, from Brazil.
RUBICONRu"bi*con, n. (Anc. geog.)
Defn: A small river which separated Italy from Cisalpine Gaul, the province alloted to Julius Cæsar.
Note: By leading an army across this river, contrary to the prohibition of the civil government at Rome, Cæsar precipitated the civil war which resulted in the death of Pompey and the overthrow of the senate; hence, the phrase to pass or cross the Rubicon signifies to take the decisive step by which one is committed to a hazardous enterprise from which there is no retreat.
RUBICUND Ru"bi*cund, a. Etym: [L. rubicundus, fr. rubere to be red, akin to ruber red. See Red.]
Defn: Inclining to redness; ruddy; red. "His rubicund face."Longfellow.
RUBICUNDITYRu`bi*cun"di*ty, n. Etym: [LL. rubicunditas.]
Defn: The quality or state of being rubicund; ruddiness.To parade your rubicundity and gray hairs. Walpole.
RUBIDICRu*bid"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to rubidium; containing rubidium.
RUBIDINERu"bi*dine ( or ), n. (Chem.)
Defn: A nitrogenous base homologous with pyridine, obtained from coal tar as an oily liquid, C11H17N; also, any one of the group od metameric compounds of which rubidine is the type.
RUBIDIUMRu*bid"i*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. rubidus red, fr. rubere to be red.So called from two dark red spectroscopic lines by means of which itwas discovered in the lepidolite from Rozena, Moravia. See Rubicund.](Chem.)
Defn: A rare metallic element. It occurs quite widely, but in small quantities, and always combined. It is isolated as a soft yellowish white metal, analogous to potassium in most of its properties. Symbol Rb. Atomic weight, 85.2.
RUBIFICRu*bif"ic, a. Etym: [L. ruber red + facere to make.]
Defn: Making red; as, rubific rays. Grew.
RUBIFICATIONRu`bi*fic*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rubification.]
Defn: The act of making red. Howell.
RUBIFORMRu"bi*form, a. Etym: [L. ruber red + -form.]
Defn: Having the nature or quality of red; as, the rubiform rays of the sun. [R.] Sir I. newton.
RUBIFYRu"bi*fy, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. rubéfier. See Rubific.]
Defn: To redden. [R.] "Waters rubifying." Chaucer.
RUBIGINOSE; RUBIGINOUS Ru*big"i*nose`, Ru*big"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. rubiginosus, fr. rubigo, robigo, rust: cf. F. rubigineux.] (Bot.)
Defn: Having the appearance or color of iron rust; rusty-looking.
RUBIGO Ru*bi"go, n. Etym: [L. rubigo, robigo, rust of metals, rust, blight.] (bot.)
Defn: same as Rust, n., 2.
RUBINRu"bin, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. rubinus, It. rubino. See Ruby.]
Defn: A ruby. [Obs.] Spenser.
RUBIOUSRu"bi*ous, a. Etym: [L. rubeus, fr. rubere to be red. See Rouge.]
Defn: Red; ruddy. [Obs.] Shak.
RUBIRETINRu`bi*re"tin, n. Etym: [Rubian + Gr. (Chem.)
Defn: One of the red dye products extracted from madder root, and probably identical with ruberythrinic acid.
RUBLERu"ble, n. Etym: [Russ. ruble.]
Defn: The unit of monetary value in Russia. It is divided into 100 copecks, and in the gold coin of the realm (as in the five and ten ruble pieces) is worth about 77 cents. The silver ruble is a coin worth about 60 cents. [Written also rouble.]
RUBRIC Ru"bric, n. Etym: [OE. rubriche, OF. rubriche, F. rubrique ( cf. it. rubrica), fr. L. rubrica red earth for coloring, red chalk, the title of a law (because written in red), fr. ruber red. See red.]
Defn: That part of any work in the early manuscripts and typography which was colored red, to distinguish it from other portions. Hence, specifically: (a) A titlepage, or part of it, especially that giving the date and place of printing; also, the initial letters, etc., when printed in red. (b) (Law books) The title of a statute; — so called as being anciently written in red letters. Bell. (c) (Liturgies) The directions and rules for the conduct of service, formerly written or printed in red; hence, also, an ecclesiastical or episcopal injunction; — usually in the plural. All the clergy in England solemnly pledge themselves to observe the rubrics. Hook.
(d) Hence, that which is established or settled, as by authority; a thing definitely settled or fixed. Cowper. Nay, as a duty, it had no place or rubric in human conceptions before Christianity. De Quincey.
RUBRICRu"bric, v. t.
Defn: To adorn ith red; to redden; to rubricate. [R.] Johnson.
RUBRIC; RUBRICALRu"bric, Ru"bric*al, a.
1. Colored in, or marked with, red; placed in rubrics. What though my name stood rubric on the walls Or plaistered posts, with claps, in capitals Pope.
2. Of or pertaining to the rubric or rubrics. "Rubrical eccentricities." C. Kingsley.
RUBRICATERu"bri*cate, a. Etym: [L. rubricatus p.p. of rubricare to color red.See Rubric, n.]
Defn: Marked with red. Sp
RUBRICATERu"bri*cate, v. t.
Defn: To mark or distinguished with red; to arrange as in a rubric; to establish in a settled and unchangeable form. Foxe. A system . . . according to which the thoughts of men were to be classed and rubricated forever after. Hare.
RUBRICIAN; RUBRICISTRu*bri"cian, Ru"bri*cist, n.
Defn: One skilled in, or tenaciously adhering to, the rubric or rubrics.
RUBRICITYRu*bric"i*ty, n.
Defn: Redness. [R.]
RUBSTONERub"stone`, n.
Defn: A stone for scouring or rubbing; a whetstone; a rub.
RUBUSRu"bus, n. Etym: [L.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of rosaceous plants, including the raspberry and blackberry.
RUBY Ru"by, n.; pl. Rubies. Etym: [F. rubis (cf. Pr. robi), LL. rubinus, robinus, fr. L. rubeus red, reddish, akin to ruber. See Rouge, red.]
1. (Min.)
Defn: A precious stone of a carmine red color, sometimes verging to violet, or intermediate between carmine and hyacinth red. It is a red crystallized variety of corundum.
Note: Besides the true or Oriental ruby above defined, there are the balas ruby, or ruby spinel, a red variety of spinel, and the rock ruby, a red variety of garnet. Of rubies, sapphires, and pearles white. Chaucer.
2. The color of a ruby; carmine red; a red tint. The natural ruby of your cheeks. Shak.
3. That which has the color of the ruby, as red wine. Hence, a red blain or carbuncle.
4. (Print.)
Defn: See Agate, n., 2. [Eng.]
5. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any species of South American humming birds of the genus Clytolæma. The males have a ruby-colored throat or breast. Ruby of arsenic, Ruby of sulphur (Chem.), a glassy substance of a red color and a variable composition, but always consisting chiefly of the disulphide of arsenic; — called also ruby sulphur. — Ruby of zinc (Min.), zinc sulphide; the mineral zinc blende or sphalerite. — Ruby silver (Min.), red silver. See under Red.
RUBYRu"by, a.
Defn: Ruby-colored; red; as, ruby lips.
RUBYRu"by, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rubied; p. pr. & vb. n. Rubying.]
Defn: To make red; to redden. [R.] Pope.
RUBYTAILRu"by*tail`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A European gold wasp (Chrysis ignita) which has the under side of the abdomen bright red, and the other parts deep bluish green with a metallic luster. The larva is parasitic in the nests of other wasps and of bees.
RUBY-TAILEDRu"by-tailed`, a.
Defn: Having the tail, or lower part of the body, bright red.
RUBYTHROATRu"by*throat`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of humming birds belonging to Trochilus, Calypte, Stellula, and allies, in which the male has on the throat a brilliant patch of red feathers having metallic reflections; esp., the common humming bird of the Eastern United States (Trochilus colubris).
RUBYWOODRu"by*wood`, n.
Defn: red sandalwood. See under Sandalwood.
RUCERVINE Ru*cer"vine, a. Etym: [NL. Rucervus, the genus, fr. NL. Rusa a certain genus of deer (Malay r deer) + Cervus.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of, like, or pertaining to, a deer of the genus Rucervus, which includes the swamp deer of India.
RUCHE Ruche, n. Etym: [F. ruche ruche, beehive, OF. rusche a beehive, which was formerly made of the bark of trees; cf. W. rhisg, rhisgl, bark, gael. rusg bark, rind.]
1. A plaited, quilled, or goffered strip of lace, net, ribbon, or other material, — used in place of collars or cuffs, and as a trimming for women's dresses and bonnets. [Written also rouche.]
2. A pile of arched tiles, used to catch and retain oyster spawn.
RUCHINGRuch"ing, n.
Defn: A ruche, or ruches collectively.
RUCKRuck, n.
Defn: A roc. [Obs. or prov. Eng.] Drayton.
RUCKRuck, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Rucked; p. pr. & vb. n. Rucking.]Etym: [Icel hrukkast to wrinkle, hrukka wrinkle, fold.]
Defn: To draw into wrinkles or unsightly folds; to crease; as, to ruck up a carpet. Smart.
RUCKRuck, n. Etym: [Icel. hrukka. Cf. Ruck, v. t.]
Defn: A wrinkle or crease in a piece of cloth, or in needlework.
RUCKRuck, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Dan. ruge to brood, to hatch.]
Defn: To cower; to huddle together; to squat; to sit, as a hen on eggs. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Gower. South. The sheep that rouketh in the fold. Chaucer.
RUCKRuck, n. Etym: [Cf. Ruck.]
1. A heap; a rick. [Prov Eng. & Scot.]
2. The common sort, whether persons or things; as, the ruck in a horse race. [Colloq.] The ruck in society as a whole. Lond. Sat. Rev.
RUCTATION Ruc*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. ructatio, fr. ructare to belch: cf. F. ructation.]
Defn: The act of belching wind.
RUCTIONRuc"tion, n.
Defn: An uproar; a quarrel; a noisy outbreak. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
RUD Rud, n. Etym: [AS. rudu, akin to reád red. sq. root113. See Red, and cf. Ruddy.]
1. Redness; blush. [Obs.]
2. Ruddle; red ocher.
3. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The rudd.
RUDRud, v. t.
Defn: To make red. [Obs.] Spenser.
RUDBECKIA Rud*beck"i*a, n. [NL. So named after Olaf Rudebeck, a Swedish botanist.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of composite plants, the coneflowers, consisting of perennial herbs with showy pedunculate heads, having a hemispherical involucre, sterile ray flowers, and a conical chaffy receptacle. There are about thirty species, exclusively North American. Rudbeckia hirta, the black-eyed Susan, is a common weed in meadows.
RUDDRudd, n. Etym: [See Rud, n.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A fresh-water European fish of the Carp family (Leuciscus erythrophthalmus). It is about the size and shape of the roach, but it has the dorsal fin farther back, a stouter body, and red irises. Called also redeye, roud, finscale, and shallow. A blue variety is called azurine, or blue roach.
RUDDERRud"der, n.
Defn: A riddle or sieve. [Prov. Eng.]
RUDDER Rud"der, n. Etym: [OE. rother, AS. roedher a paddle; akin to D. roer rudder, oar, G. ruder, OHG. roadar, Sw. roder, ror, Dan. roer, ror. sq. root 8. See Row to propel with an oar, and cf. Rother. ]
1. (Naut.)
Defn: The mechanical appliance by means of which a vessel is guided or steered when in motion. It is a broad and flat blade made of wood or iron, with a long shank, and is fastened in an upright position, usually by one edge, to the sternpost of the vessel in such a way that it can be turned from side to side in the water by means of a tiller, wheel, or other attachment.
2. Fig.: That which resembles a rudder as a guide or governor; that which guides or governs the course. For rhyme the rudder is of verses. Hudibras. Balance rudder (Naut.), a rudder pivoted near the middle instead of at the edge, — common on sharpies. — Drop rudder (Naut.), a rudder extending below the keel so as to be more effective in steering. — Rudder chain (Naut.), one of the loose chains or ropes which fasten the rudder to the quarters to prevent its loss in case it gets unshipped, and for operating it in case the tiller or the wheel is broken. — Rudder coat (Naut.), a covering of tarred canvas used to prevent water from entering the rudderhole. — Rudder fish. (Zoöl.) (a) The pilot fish. (b) The amber fish (Seriola zonata), which is bluish having six broad black bands. (c) A plain greenish black American fish (Leirus perciformis); — called also black rudder fish, logfish, and barrel fish. The name is also applied to other fishes which follow vessels. — Rudder pendants (Naut.), ropes connected with the rudder chains.
RUDDERHEADRud"der*head`, n. (Naut.)
Defn: The upper end of the rudderpost, to which the tiller is attashed.
RUDDERHOLERud"der*hole, n. (Naut.)
Defn: The hole in the deck through which the rudderpost passes.
RUDDERLESSRud"der*less, a.
Defn: Without a rudder.
RUDDERPOSTRud"der*post, n. (Naut.)
Defn: The shank of a rudder, having the blade at one end and the attachments for operating it at the other.
RUDDERSTOCKRud"der*stock`, n. (Naut.)
Defn: The main part or blade of the rudder, which is connected by hinges, or the like, with the sternpost of a vessel.
RUDDIEDRud"died, a.
Defn: Made ruddy or red.
RUDDILYRud"di*ly, adv.
Defn: In a ruddy manner. Byron.
RUDDINESSRud"di*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being ruddy; as, the ruddiness of the cheeks or the sky.
RUDDLERud"dle, v. t.
Defn: To raddle or twist. [Obs.]
RUDDLERud"dle, n.
Defn: A riddle or sieve. [Obs.] Holland.
RUDDLERud"dle, n. Etym: [See Rud; cf. Reddle.] (Min.)
Defn: A species of red earth colored by iron sesquioxide; red ocher.
RUDDLERud"dle, v. t.
Defn: To mark with ruddle; to raddle; to rouge. "Their ruddledcheeks." Thackeray.A fair sheep newly ruddled. Lady M. W. Montagu.
RUDDOCK Rud"dock, n. Etym: [AS. ruddic; cf. W. rhuddog the redbreast. sq. root113. See Rud, n.] [Written also raddock.]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The European robin. "The tame ruddock and the coward kite."Chaucer.
2. A piece of gold money; — probably because the gold of coins was often reddened by copper alloy. Called also red ruddock, and golden ruddock. [Obs.] Great pieces of gold . . . red ruddocks. Florio.
RUDDYRud"dy, a. [Compar. Ruddier; superl. Ruddiest.] Etym: [AS. rudig. SeeRud, n.]
1. Of a red color; red, or reddish; as, a ruddy sky; a ruddy flame. Milton. They were more ruddy in body than rubies. Lam. iv. 7.
2. Of a lively flesh color, or the color of the human skin in high health; as, ruddy cheeks or lips. Dryden. Ruddy duck (Zoöl.), an American duck (Erismatura rubida) having a broad bill and a wedge- shaped tail composed of stiff, sharp feathers. The adult male is rich brownish red on the back, sides, and neck, black on the top of the head, nape, wings, and tail, and white on the cheeks. The female and young male are dull brown mixed with blackish on the back; grayish below. Called also dunbird, dundiver, ruddy diver, stifftail, spinetail, hardhead, sleepy duck, fool duck, spoonbill, etc. — Ruddy plover (Zoöl.) the sanderling.
RUDDYRud"dy, v. t.
Defn: To make ruddy. [R.] Sir W. Scott.
RUDERude, a. [Compar. Ruder; superl. Rudest.] Etym: [F., fr. L. rudis.]
1. Characterized by roughness; umpolished; raw; lacking delicacy or refinement; coarse. Such gardening tools as art, yet rude, . . . had formed. Milton.
2. Hence, specifically: (a) Unformed by taste or skill; not nicely finished; not smoothed or polished; — said especially of material things; as, rude workmanship. "Rude was the cloth." Chaucer. Rude and unpolished stones. Bp. Stillingfleet. The heaven-born child All meanly wrapt in the rude manger lies. Milton.
(b) Of untaught manners; unpolished; of low rank; uncivil; clownish; ignorant; raw; unskillful; — said of persons, or of conduct, skill, and the like. "Mine ancestors were rude." Chaucer. He was but rude in the profession of arms. Sir H. Wotton. the rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep. Gray.
(c) Violent; tumultuous; boisterous; inclement; harsh; severe; — said of the weather, of storms, and the like; as, the rude winter. [Clouds] pushed with winds, rude in their shock. Milton. The rude agitation [of water] breaks it into foam. Boyle.
(d) Barbarous; fierce; bloody; impetuous; — said of war, conflict, and the like; as, the rude shock of armies. (e) Not finished or complete; inelegant; lacking chasteness or elegance; not in good taste; unsatisfactory in mode of treatment; — said of literature, language, style, and the like. "The rude Irish books." Spenser. Rude am I in my speech. Shak. Unblemished by my rude translation. Dryden.
Syn. — Impertinent; rough; uneven; shapeless; unfashioned; rugged; artless; unpolished; uncouth; inelegant; rustic; coarse; vulgar; clownish; raw; unskillful; untaught; illiterate; ignorant; uncivil; impolite; saucy; impudent; insolent; surly; currish; churlish; brutal; uncivilized; barbarous; savage; violent; fierce; tumultuous; turbulent; impetuous; boisterous; harsh; inclement; severe. See Impertiment. — Rude"ly, adv. — Rude"ness, n.
RUDENTURERu"den*ture, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. rudens a rope.] (Arch.)
Defn: Cabling. See Cabling. gwilt.
RUDERARY Ru"de*ra*ry, a. Etym: [L. ruderarius, fr. rudus, ruderis, stones crushed and mixed with lime, old rubbish.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to rubbish.. [Obs.] Bailey.
RUDESBYRudes"by, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]
Defn: An uncivil, turbulent fellow. [Obs.] Shak.
RUDESHEIMER; RUEDESHEIMERRü"des*heim`er, n.
Defn: A German wine made near Rüdesheim, on the Rhine.
RUDIMENT Ru"di*ment, n. Etym: [L. rudimentum, fr. rudis unwrought, ignorant, rude: cf. F. rudiment. See Rude.]
1. That which is unformed or undeveloped; the principle which lies at the bottom of any development; an unfinished beginning. but I will bring thee where thou soon shalt quit Those rudiments, and see before thine eyes The monarchies of the earth. Milton. the single leaf is the rudiment of beauty in landscape. I. Taylor.
2. Hence, an element or first principle of any art or science; a beginning of any knowledge; a first step. This boy is forest-born, And hath been tutored in the rudiments of many desperate studies. Shak. There he shall first lay down the rudiments Of his great warfare. Milton.
3. (Biol.)
Defn: An imperfect organ or part, or one which is never developed.
RUDIMENTRu"di*ment, v. t.
Defn: To furnish with first principles or rules; to insrtuct in the rudiments. Gayton.
RUDIMENTALRu`di*men"tal, a.
Defn: Rudimentary. Addison.
RUDIMENTARYRu`di*men"ta*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. rudimentaire.]
1. Of or pertaining to rudiments; consisting in first principles; elementary; initial; as, rudimental essays.
2. (Biol.)
Defn: Very imperfectly developed; in an early stage of development; embryonic.
RUDISHRud"ish, a.
Defn: Somewhat rude. Foote.
RUDISTESRu*dis"tes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. rudis rough.] (Paleon.)
Defn: An extinct order or suborder of bivalve mollusks characteristic of the Cretaceous period; — called also Rudista. See Illust. under Hippurite.
RUDITY Ru"di*ty, n. Etym: [L. ruditas ignorance, fr. rudis rude, illiterate.]
Defn: Rudeness; ignorance. [R.]
RUDMASDAYRud"mas*day, n. Etym: [See Rood, Mass, Day.] (R.C.Ch.)
Defn: Either of the feasts of the Holy Cross, occuring on May 3 andSeptember 14, annually.
RUDOLPHINERu*dolph"ine, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a set of astronomical tables computed by Kepler, and founded on the observations of Tycho Brahe; - - so named from Rudolph II., emperor of Germany.
RUERue, n. Etym: [F. rue, L. ruta, akin to Gr. r.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: A perennial suffrutescent plant (Ruta graveolens), having a strong, heavy odor and a bitter taste; herb of grace. It is used in medicine. Then purged with euphrasy and rue The visual nerve, for he had much to see. Milton. They [the exorcists] are to try the devil by holy water, incense, sulphur, rue, which from thence, as we suppose, came to be called herb of grace. Jer. Taylor.
2. Fig.: Bitterness; disappointment; grief; regret. Goat's rue. See under Goat. — Rue anemone, a pretty springtime flower (Thalictrum anemonides) common in the United States. — Wall rue, a little fern (Asplenium Ruta-muraria) common on walls in Europe.
RUE Rue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rued; p. pr. & vb. n. Ruing.] Etym: [OE. rewen, reouwen, to grive, make sorry, AS. hreówan; akin to OS. hrewan, D. rouwen, OHG. hriuwan, G. reun, Icel. hruggr grieved, hrugedh sorrow. sq. root 18. Cf. Ruth.]
1. To lament; to regret extremely; to grieve for or over. Chaucer. I wept to see, and rued it from my heart. Chapmen. Thy will Chose freely what it now so justly rues. Milton.
2. To cause to grieve; to afflict. [Obs.] "God wot, it rueth me." Chaucer.
3. To repent of, and withdraw from, as a bargain; to get released from. [Prov. Eng.]
RUERue, v. i.
1. To have compassion. [Obs.] God so wisly [i. e., truly] on my soul rue. Chaucer. Which stirred men's hearts to rue upon them. Ridley.
2. To feel sorrow and regret; to repent. Work by counsel and thou shalt not rue. Chaucer. Old year, we'll dearly rue for you. Tennyson.
RUERue, n. Etym: [AS. hreów. See Rue, v. t.]
Defn: Sorrow; repetance. [Obs.] Shak.
RUEFULRue"ful, a.
1. Causing one to rue or lament; woeful; mournful; sorrowful.
2. Expressing sorrow. "Rueful faces." Dryden.Two rueful figures, with long black cloaks. Sir W. Scott.— Rue"ful*ly, adv.— Rue"ful*ness, n.
RUELL BONERu"ell bone`.
Defn: See rewel bone. [Obs.]
RUELLERu*elle" (, n. Etym: [F. ruelle a narrow street, a lanrue a street.]
Defn: A private circle or assembly at a private house; a circle.[Obs.] Dryden.
RUFESCENT Ru*fes"cent, a. Etym: [L. rufescens, p.pr. of rufescere to become reddish, fr. rufus red: cf. F. rufescent.]
Defn: Reddish; tinged with red.
RUFF Ruff, n. Etym: [F. ronfle; cf. It. ronfa, Pg. rufa, rifa.] (Card Playing) (a) A game similar to whist, and the predecessor of it. Nares. (b) The act of trumping, especially when one has no card of the suit led.
RUFFRuff, v. i. & t. (Card Playing)
Defn: To trump.
RUFF Ruff, n. Etym: [Of uncertain origin: cf. Icel. r rough, uncombed, Pr. ruf rude, rough, Sp. rufo frizzed, crisp, curled, G. raufen to pluck, fight, rupfen to pluck, pull, E. rough. sq. root18. Cf. Ruffle to wrinkle.]
1. A muslin or linen collar plaited, crimped, or fluted, worn formerly by both sexes, now only by women and children. Here to-morrow with his best ruff on. Shak. His gravity is much lessened since the late proclamation came out against ruffs; . . . they were come to that height of excess herein, that twenty shillings were used to be paid for starching of a ruff. Howell.
2. Something formed with plaits or flutings, like the collar of this name. I reared this flower; . . . Soft on the paper ruff its leaves I spread. Pope.
3. An exhibition of pride or haughtiness. How many princes . . . in the ruff of all their glory, have been taken down from the head of a conquering army to the wheel of the victor's chariot! L'Estrange.
4. Wanton or tumultuous procedure or conduct. [Obs.] To ruffle it out in a riotous ruff. Latimer.
5. (Mil.)
Defn: A low, vibrating beat of a drum, not so loud as a roll; a ruffle.
6. (Mach.)
Defn: A collar on a shaft ot other piece to prevent endwise motion.See Illust. of Collar.
7. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A set of lengthened or otherwise modified feathers round, or on, the neck of a bird.
8. (Zoöl.) (a) A limicoline bird of Europe and Asia (Pavoncella, or Philommachus, pugnax) allied to the sandpipers. The males during the breeding season have a large ruff of erectile feathers, variable in their colors, on the neck, and yellowish naked tubercles on the face. They are polygamous, and are noted for their pugnacity in the breeding season. The female is called reeve, or rheeve. (b) A variety of the domestic pigeon, having a ruff of its neck.
RUFFRuff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ruffed; p. pr. & vb. n. Ruffing.]
1. To ruffle; to disorder. Spenser.
2. (Mil.)
Defn: To beat with the ruff or ruffle, as a drum.
3. (Hawking)
Defn: To hit, as the prey, without fixing it.
RUFF; RUFFERuff, Ruffe, n. Etym: [OE. ruffe.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A small freshwater European perch (Acerina vulgaris); — called also pope, blacktail, and stone, or striped, perch.
RUFFEDRuffed, a.
Defn: Furnished with a ruff. Ruffed grouse (Zoöl.), a North American grouse (Bonasa umbellus) common in the wooded districts of the Northern United States. The male has a ruff of brown or black feathers on each side of the neck, and is noted for the loud drumming sound he makes during the breeding season. Called also tippet grouse, partridge, birch partridge, pheasant, drummer, and white-flesher. — ruffed lemur (Zoöl.), a species of lemur (lemur varius) having a conspicuous ruff on the sides of the head. Its color is varied with black and white. Called also ruffed maucaco.
RUFFIAN Ruf"fian ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [F. rufien, OF. ruffen, ruffian, pimp. libertine, ake; cf. pr. & Sp. rufian, It. ruffiano; all perhaps of German or Dutch origin; cf. G. raufen to pluck, scuffle, fight, OD. roffen to pander. Cf. Ruffle to grow urbulent.]
1. A pimp; a pander; also, a paramour. [Obs.] he [her husband] is no sooner abroad than she is instantly at home, reveling with her ruffians. Bp. Reynolds.
2. A boisterous, cruel, brutal fellow; a desperate fellow ready for murderous or cruel deeds; a cutthroat. Wilt thou on thy deathbed play the ruffian Shak.
RUFFIANRuf"fian, a.
Defn: brutal; cruel; savagely boisterous; murderous; as, ruffian rage.
RUFFIANRuf"fian, v. i.
Defn: To play the ruffian; to rage; to raise tumult. [R.] Shak.
RUFFIANAGERuf"fian*age, n.
Defn: Ruffians, collectively; a body of ruffians. "The vilest ruffianage." Sir F. Palgrave.
RUFFIANISHRuf"fian*ish, a.
Defn: Having the qualities or manners of a ruffian; ruffianly.
RUFFIANLIKERuf"fian*like`, a.
Defn: Ruffianly. Fulke.
RUFFIANLYRuf"fian*ly, a.
Defn: Like a ruffian; bold in crimes; characteristic of a ruffian; violent; brutal.
RUFFIANOUSRuf"fian*ous, a.
Defn: Ruffianly. [Obs.] Chapman.
RUFFINRuf"fin, a. Etym: [See Ruffian.]
Defn: Disordered. [Obs.]His ruffin rainment all was stained with blood. Spenser.
RUFFLERuf"fle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ruffled; p. pr. & vb. n. Ruffling.]Etym: [From Ruff a plaited collar, a drum beat, a tumult: cf. OD.ruyffelen to wrinkle.]
1. To make into a ruff; to draw or contract into puckers, plaits, or folds; to wrinkle.
2. To furnish with ruffles; as, to ruffle a shirt.
3. To oughen or disturb the surface of; to make uneven by agitation or commotion. The fantastic revelries . . . that so often ruffled the placid bosom of the Nile. I. Taylor. She smoothed the ruffled seas. Dryden.
4. To erect in a ruff, as feathers. [the swan] ruffles her pure cold plume. Tennyson.
5. (Mil.)
Defn: To beat with the ruff or ruffle, as a drum.
6. To discompose; to agitate; to disturb. These ruffle the tranquillity of the mind. Sir W. Hamilton. But, ever after, the small violence done Rankled in him and ruffled all his heart. Tennyson.
7. To throw into disorder or confusion. Where best He might the ruffled foe infest. Hudibras.
8. To throw together in a disorderly manner. [R.] I ruffled up falen leaves in heap. Chapman To ruffle the feathers of, to exite the resentment of; to irritate.
RUFFLE Ruf"fle, v. i. Etym: [Perhaps of different origin from ruffle to wrinkle; cf. OD. roffeln, roffen, to pander, LG. raffein, Dan. ruffer a pimp. Cf. Rufflan.]
1. To grow rough, boisterous, or turbulent. [R.] The night comes on, and the bleak winds Do sorely ruffle. Shak.
2. To become disordered; to play loosely; to flutter. On his right shoulder his thick mane reclined, Ruffles at speed, and dances in the wind. Dryden.
3. To be rough; to jar; to be in contention; hence, to put on airs;to swagger.They would ruffle with jurors. Bacon.Gallants who ruffled in silk and embroidery. Sir W. Scott.
RUFFLERuf"fle, n. Etym: [See Ruffle, v. t. & i.]
1. That which is ruffled; specifically, a strip of lace, cambric, or other fine cloth, plaited or gathered on one edge or in the middle, and used as a trimming; a frill.
2. A state of being ruffled or disturbed; disturbance; agitation; commotion; as, to put the mind in a ruffle.
3. (Mil.)
Defn: A low, vibrating beat of a drum, not so loud as a roll; — called also ruff. H. L. Scott.
4. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The connected series of large egg capsules, or oöthecæ, of any one of several species of American marine gastropods of the genus Fulgur. See Oötheca. Ruffle of a boot, the top turned down, and scalloped or plaited. Halliwell.
RUFFLELESSRuf"fle*less, a.
Defn: Having no ruffle.
RUFFLEMENTRuf"fle*ment, n.
Defn: The act of ruffling. [R.]
RUFFLERRuf"fler, n.
1. One who ruffles; a swaggerer; a bully; a ruffian. Assaults, if not murders, done at his own doors by that crew of rufflers. Milton.
2. That which ruffles; specifically, a sewing machine attachment for making ruffles.
RUFIGALLICRu`fi*gal"lic, a. Etym: [Rufiopin + gallic.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid which is obtained from gallic acid as a brown or red crystalline substance, and is related to rufiopin and anthracene.
RUFIOPINRu`fi*o"pin, n. Etym: [L. rufus reddish + opianic.] (Chem.)
Defn: A yellowish red crystalline substance related to anthracene, and obtained from opianic acid.
RUFOLRu"fol, n. Etym: [L. rufus reddish + -ol.] (Chem.)
Defn: A phenol derivative of anthracene obtained as a white crystalline substance, which on oxidation produces a red dyestuff related to anthraquinone.
RUFOUSRu"fous, a. Etym: [L. rufus.]
Defn: Reddish; of a yellowish red or brownish red color; tawny.
RUFTRuft, n. (Med.)
Defn: Eructation; belching. [Obs.]
RUFTERHOODRuf"ter*hood, n. Etym: [Cf. Ruff a plaited collar.] (Falconry)
Defn: A kind of hood for a hawk.
RUG Rug, n. Etym: [Cf. Sw. rugg entanglend hair, ruggig rugged, shaggy, probably akin to E. rough. See Rough, a.]
1. A kind of coarse, heavy frieze, formerly used for garments. They spin the choicest rug in Ireland. A friend of mine . . . repaired to Paris Garden clad in one of these Waterford rugs. The mastiffs, . . . deeming he had been a bear, would fain have baited him. Holinshed.
2. A piece of thick, nappy fabric, commonly made of wool, — used for various purposes, as for covering and ornamenting part of a bare floor, for hanging in a doorway as a potière, for protecting a portion of carpet, for a wrap to protect the legs from cold, etc.
3. A rough, woolly, or shaggy dog. Rug gown, a gown made of rug, of or coarse, shaggy cloth. B. Johnson.
RUGRug, v. t.
Defn: To pull roughly or hastily; to plunder; to spoil; to tear.[Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
RUGARu"ga, n.; pl. Rugæ. Etym: [L.] (Nat. Hist.)
Defn: A wrinkle; a fold; as, the rugæ of the stomach.
RUGATE Ru"gate, a. Etym: [L. rugatus, p.p. of rugare to wrinkle, fr. ruga a wrinkle.]
Defn: Having alternate ridges and depressions; wrinkled. Dana.
RUGGEDRug"ged, a. Etym: [See Rug, n.]
1. Full of asperities on the surface; broken into sharp or irregular points, or otherwise uneven; not smooth; rough; as, a rugged mountain; a rugged road. The rugged bark of some broad elm. Milton.
2. Not neat or regular; uneven. His well-proportioned beard made rough and rugged. Shak.
3. Rough with bristles or hair; shaggy. "The rugged Russian bear." Shak.
4. Harsh; hard; crabbed; austere; — said of temper, character, and the like, or of persons. Neither melt nor endear him, but leave him as hard, rugged, and unconcerned as ever. South.
5. Stormy; turbulent; tempestuous; rude. Milton.
6. Rough to the ear; harsh; grating; — said of sound, style, and the like. Through the harsh cadence of a rugged line. Dryden.
7. Sour; surly; frowning; wrinkled; — said of looks, etc. "Sleek o'er your rugged looks." Shak.
8. Violent; rude; boisterrous; — said of conduct, manners, etc.
9. Vigorous; robust; hardy; — said of health, physique, etc. [Colloq. U.S.]
Syn.— Rough; uneven; wrinkled; cragged; coarse; rude; harsh; hard;crabbed; severe; austere; surly; sour; frowning; violent; boisterous;tumultuous; turbulent; stormy; tempestuous; inclement.— Rug"ged*ly, adv.— Rug"ged*ness, n.
RUGGINGRug"ging, n.
Defn: A coarse kind of woolen cloth, used for wrapping, blanketing, etc.
RUG-GOWNEDRug"-gowned, a.
Defn: Wearing a coarse gown or shaggy garment made of rug. Beau. &Fl.
RUGGYRug"gy, a.
Defn: Rugged; rough. [Obs.] "With ruggy, ashy hairs." Chaucer.
RUG-HEADEDRug"-head`ed, a.
Defn: Having shaggy hair; shock-headed. [Obs.]Those rough rug-headed kerns. Shak.
RUGINRug"in, n.
Defn: A nappy cloth. [Obs.] Wiseman.
RUGINERu"gine, n. Etym: [F.] (Surg.)
Defn: An instrument for scraping the periosteum from bones; a raspatory.
RUGINERu"gine, v. t. Etym: [F. ruginer to scrape.]
Defn: To scrape or rasp, as a bone; to scale. [R.] Wiseman.
RUGOSARu*go"sa, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Rugose.] (Paleon.)
Defn: An extinct tribe of fossil corals, including numerous species, many of them of large size. They are characteristic of the Paleozoic formations. The radiating septs, when present, are usually in multiples of four. See Cyathophylloid.
RUGOSERu*gose", a. Etym: [L. rugosus, r. ruga a wrinkle.]
Defn: Wrinkled; full of wrinkles; specifically (Bot.), having the veinlets sunken and the spaces between them elevated, as the leaves of the sage and horehound.
RUGOSITYRu*gos"i*ty, n. Etym: [l. rugositas: cf. F. rugosité.]
Defn: The quality or state of being rugose.
RUGOUSRu"gous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. rugueux.]
Defn: Wrinkled; rugose.
RUGULOSERu`gu*lose", a.
Defn: Somewhat rugose.
RUHMKORFF'S COIL Ruhm"korff's coil`. Etym: [So called from its inventor, Ruhmkorff, a german physicist.] (Elec.)
Defn: See Induction coil, under Induction.
RUIN Ru"in, n. Etym: [OE. ruine, F. ruine, fr. L. ruina, fr. ruere, rutum, to fall with violence, to rush or tumble down.]
1. The act of falling or tumbling down; fall. [Obs.] "His ruin startled the other steeds." Chapman.
2. Such a change of anything as destroys it, or entirely defeats its object, or unfits it for use; destruction; overthrow; as, the ruin of a ship or an army; the ruin of a constitution or a government; the ruin of health or hopes. "Ruin seize thee, ruthless king!" Gray.
3. That which is fallen down and become worthless from injury or decay; as, his mind is a ruin; especially, in the plural, the remains of a destroyed, dilapidated, or desolate house, fortress, city, or the like. The Veian and the Gabian towers shall fall, And one promiscuous ruin cover all; Nor, after length of years, a stone betray The place where once the very ruins lay. Addison. The labor of a day will not build up a virtuous habit on the ruins of an old and vicious character. Buckminster.
4. The state of being dcayed, or of having become ruined or worthless; as, to be in ruins; to go to ruin.
5. That which promotes injury, decay, or destruction. The errors of young men are the ruin of business. Bacon.
Syn. — Destruction; downfall; perdition; fall; overthrow; subversion; defeat; bane; pest; mischief.
RUINRu"in, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ruined;p. pr. & vb. n. Ruining.] Etym:[Cf. F. ruiner, LL. ruinare. See Ruin, n.]
Defn: To bring to ruin; to cause to fall to pieces and decay; to make to perish; to bring to destruction; to bring to poverty or bankruptcy; to impair seriously; to damage essentially; to overthrow. this mortal house I'll ruin. Shak. By thee raised, I ruin all my foes. Milton. The eyes of other people are the eyes that ruin us. Franklin. By the fireside there are old men seated, Seeling ruined cities in the ashes. Longfellow.
RUINRu"in, v. i.
Defn: To fall to ruins; to go to ruin; to become decayed or dilapidated; to perish. [R.] Though he his house of polished marble build, Yet shall it ruin like the moth's frail cell. Sandys. If we are idle, and disturb the industrious in their business, we shall ruin the faster. Locke.
RUINABLERu"in*a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being ruined.
RUINATERu"in*ate, v. t. Etym: [LL. ruinatus, p.p. of ruinare to ruin. SeeRuin.]
1. To demolish; to subvert; to destroy; to reduce to poverty; toruin.I will not ruinate my fShak.Ruinating thereby the health of their bodies. Burton.
2. To cause to fall; to cast down. On the other side they saw that perilous rock Threatening itself on them to ruinate. Spenser.
RUINATERu"in*ate, v. i.
Defn: To fall; to tumble. [Obs.]
RUINATERu"in*ate, a. Etym: [L. ruinatus, p.p.]
Defn: Involved in ruin; ruined. My brother Edward lives in pomp and state, I in a mansion here all ruinate. J. Webster.
RUINATIONRu`in*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. ruinatio.]
Defn: The act of ruining, or the state of being ruined.
RUINERRu"in*er, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, ruins.
RUINIFORMRu"in*i*form, a. Etym: [Ruin + -form: cf. F. ruiniforme.]
Defn: Having the appearance of ruins, or of the ruins of houses; — said of certain minerals.
RUINOUSRu"in*ous, a. Etym: [L. ruinosus: cf. F. ruineux. See Ruin.]
1. Causing, or tending to cause, ruin; destructive; baneful; pernicious; as, a ruinous project. After a night of storm so ruinous. Milton.