3. A person or living creature destroyed by, or suffering grievous injury from, another, from fortune or from accident; as, the victim of a defaulter; the victim of a railroad accident.
4. Hence, one who is duped, or cheated; a dupe; a gull. [Colloq.]
VICTIMATE Vic"tim*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. victimatus, p. p. of victimare to sacrifice.]
Defn: To make a victim of; to sacrifice; to immolate. [Obs.]Bullokar.
VICTIMIZEVic"tim*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Victimized; p. pr. & vb. n.Victimizing.]
Defn: To make a victim of, esp. by deception; to dupe; to cheat.
VICTOR Vic"tor, n. Etym: [L. victor, fr. vincere, victum, to vanquish, to conquer. See Vanquish.]
1. The winner in a contest; one who gets the better of another in any struggle; esp., one who defeats an enemy in battle; a vanquisher; a conqueror; — often followed by art, rarely by of. In love, the victors from the vanquished fly; They fly that wound, and they pursue that die. Waller.
2. A destroyer. [R. & Poetic] There, victor of his health, of fortune, friends, And fame, this lord of useless thousands ends. Pope.
VICTORVic"tor, a.
Defn: Victorious. "The victor Greeks." Pope.
VICTORESSVic"tor*ess, n.
Defn: A victress. [Obs.] Spenser.
VICTORIAVic*to"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of aquatic plants named in honor of Queen Victoria. The Victoria regia is a native of Guiana and Brazil. Its large, spreading leaves are often over five feet in diameter, and have a rim from three to five inches high; its immense rose-white flowers sometimes attain a diameter of nearly two feet.
2. A kind of low four-wheeled pleasure carriage, with a calash top, designed for two persons and the driver who occupies a high seat in front.
3. (Astron.)
Defn: An asteroid discovered by Hind in 1850; — called also Clio. Victoria cross, a bronze Maltese cross, awarded for valor to members of the British army or navy. It was first bestowed in 1857, at the close of the Crimean war. The recipients also have a pension of £10 a year. — Victoria green. (Chem.) See Emerald green, under Green. — Victoria lily (Bot.), the Victoria regia. See def. 1, above.
VICTORIA CRAPEVictoria crape.
Defn: A kind of cotton crape.
VICTORIANVic*to"ri*an, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to the reign of Queen Victoria of England; as, the Victorian poets. Victorian period. See Dionysian period, under Dyonysian.
VICTORINEVic`tor*ine", n.
Defn: A woman's fur tippet.
VICTORIOUSVic*to"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. victoriosus: cf. F. victorieux. SeeVictory.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to victory, or a victor' being a victor; bringing or causing a victory; conquering; winning; triumphant; as, a victorious general; victorious troops; a victorious day. But I shall rise victorious, and subdue My vanquisher. Milton. Now are our brows bound wind victorious wreaths. Shak. — Vic*to"ri*ous*ly, adv. — Vic*to"ri*ous*ness, n.
VICTORIUMVic*to"ri*um, n. [NL. So named after Victoria, queen of GreatBritain.] (Chem.)
Defn: A probable chemical element discovered by Sir William Crookes in 1898. Its nitrate is obtained byy practical decomposition and crystallization of yttrium nitrate. At. wt., about 117.
VICTORY Vic"to*ry, n.; pl. Victories. Etym: [OE. victorie, OF. victorie, victoire, F. victoire, L. victoria. See Victor.]
Defn: The defeat of an enemy in battle, or of an antagonist in any contest; a gaining of the superiority in any struggle or competition; conquest; triumph; — the opposite of Ant: defeat. Death is swallowed up in victory. 1 Cor. xv. 54. God on our side, doubt not of victory. Shak. Victory may be honorable to the arms, but shameful to the counsels, of a nation. Bolingbroke.
VICTRESSVic"tress, n. Etym: [Cf. L. victrix.]
Defn: A woman who wins a victory; a female victor.
VICTRICEVic"trice, n.
Defn: A victress. [R.] B. Jonson.
VICTRIXVic"trix, n. Etym: [L.]
Defn: Victress. C. Bronté.
VICTUALVict"ual, n.
1. Food; — now used chiefly in the plural. See Victuals. 2 Chron.xi. 23. Shak.He was not able to keep that place three days for lack of victual.Knolles.There came a fair-hair'd youth, that in his hand Bare victual for themovers. Tennyson.Short allowance of victual. Longfellow.
2. Grain of any kind. [Scot.] Jamieson.
VICTUAL Vict"ual, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Victualed or Victualled; p. pr. & vb. n. Victualing or Victualling.]
Defn: To supply with provisions for subsistence; to provide withfood; to store with sustenance; as, to victual an army; to victual aship.I must go victual Orleans forthwith. Shak.
VICTUALAGEVict"ual*age (; 48), n.
Defn: Victuals; food. [R.] "With my cargo of victualage." C. Bronté.
VICTUALERVict"ual*er, n. Etym: [F. victuailleur.] [Written also victualler.]
1. One who furnishes victuals.
2. One who keeps a house of entertainment; a tavern keeper; an innkeeper. Shak.
3. A vessel employed to carry provisions, usually for military or naval use; a provision use; a provision ship.
4. One who deals in grain; a corn factor. [Scot.] Licensed victualer. See under Licensed.
VICTUALINGVict"ual*ing, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to victuals, or provisions; supplying provisions; as, a victualing ship.
VICTUALS Vict"uals, n. pl. Etym: [OE. vitaille, OF. vitaille, F. victuaille, pl. victuailles, fr. L. victualia, pl. of. victualis belonging to living or nourishment, fr. victus nourishment, from vivere, victum, to live; akin to vivus living. See Vivid.]
Defn: Food for human beings, esp. when it is cooked or prepared forthe table; that which supports human life; provisions; sustenance;meat; viands.Then had we plenty of victuals. Jer. xliv. 17.
VICTUSVic"tus, n. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Food; diet.
VICUNA; VICUNYA; VICUGNAVi*cu"ña, Vi*cu"gna, n. Etym: [Sp. vicuña. Cf. Vigonia.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A South American mammal (Auchenia vicunna) native of the elevated plains of the Andes, allied to the llama but smaller. It has a thick coat of very fine reddish brown wool, and long, pendent white hair on the breast and belly. It is hunted for its wool and flesh.
VIDA FINCHVid"a finch`. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The whidah bird.
VIDAME Vi*dame", n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. vice-dominus, fr. L. vice instead of + dominus master, lord.] (Fr. Feud. Law)
Defn: One of a class of temporal officers who originally represented the bishops, but later erected their offices into fiefs, and became feudal nobles.
VIDEVi"de,
Defn: imperative sing. of L. videre, to see; — used to direct attention to something; as, vide supra, see above.
VIDELICET Vi*del"i*cet, adv. Etym: [L., contr. fr. videre licet, literally, it is easy to see, one may or can see.]
Defn: To wit; namely; — often abbreviated to viz.
VIDETTEVi*dette", n. (Mil.)
Defn: Same Vedette.
VIDONIA Vi*do"ni*a, n. Etym: [Cf. Pg. vidonho the quality of grapes, Sp. veduño.]
Defn: A dry white wine, of a tart flavor, produced in Teneriffe; — called also Teneriffe.
VIDUAGEVid"u*age, n. Etym: [See Vidual.]
Defn: The state of widows or of widowhood; also, widows, collectively.
VIDUAL Vid"u*al, a. Etym: [L. vidualis, fr. vidua a widow, fr. viduus widowed. See Widow.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to the state of a widow; widowed. [R.] Jer.Taylor.
VIDUATIONVid`u*a"tion, n.
Defn: The state of being widowed or bereaved; loss; bereavement. [R.]
VIDUITYVi*du"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. viduitas: cf. F. viduité.]
Defn: Widowhood. [R.] "Chaste viduity." Ld. Ellenborough.
VIE Vie, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Vied; p. pr. & vb. n. Vying.] Etym: [OE. vien, shortened fr. envien, OF. envier to invite, to challenge, a word used in gambling, L. invitare to invite; of uncertain origin. Cf. Invite, Envie.]
1. To stake a sum upon a hand of cards, as in the old game of gleek. See Revie. [Obs.]
2. To strive for superiority; to contend; to use emulous effort, as in a race, contest, or competition. In a trading nation, the younger sons may be placed in such a way of life as . . . to vie with the best of their family. Addison. While Waterloo with Cannæ's carnage vies. Byron.
VIEVie, v. t.
1. To stake; to wager. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
2. To do or produce in emulation, competition, or rivalry; to put in competition; to bandy. [Obs.] She hung about my neck; and kiss on kiss She vied so fast. Shak. Nor was he set over us to vie wisdom with his Parliament, but to be guided by them. Milton. And vying malice with my gentleness, Pick quarrels with their only happiness. Herbert.
VIEVie, n.
Defn: A contest for superiority; competition; rivalry; strife; also,a challenge; a wager. [Obs.]We 'll all to church together instantly, And then a vie for boys. J.Fletcher.
VIELLEVi*elle", n. Etym: [F. Cf. Viol.]
Defn: An old stringed instrument played upon with a wheel; a hurdy- gurdy.
VIENNA PASTEVi*en"na paste`. (Pharm.)
Defn: A caustic application made up of equal parts of caustic potash and quicklime; — called also Vienna caustic.
VIENNESEVi`en*nese", a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to Vienna, or people of Vienna.— n. sing. & pl.
Defn: An inhabitant, or the inhabitants, of Vienna.
VIERKLEURVier"kleur`, n. [D., fr. vier four + kleur color, F. couleur.]
Defn: The four-colored flag of the South African Republic, orTransvaal, — red, white, blue, and green.
VIEWView, n. Etym: [OF. veue, F. vue, fr. OF. veoir to see, p. p. veu, F.voir, p. p. vu, fr. L. videre to see. See Vision, and cl. Interview,Purview, Review, Vista.]
1. The act of seeing or beholding; sight; look; survey; examinationby the eye; inspection.Thenceforth I thought thee worth my nearer view. Milton.Objects near our view are thought greater than those of a larger sizeare more remote. Locke.Surveying nature with too nice a view. Dryden.
2. Mental survey; intellectual perception or examination; as, a just view of the arguments or facts in a case. I have with exact view perused thee, Hector. Shak.
3. Power of seeing, either physically or mentally; reach or range of sight; extent of prospect. The walls of Pluto's palace are in view. Dryden.
4. That which is seen or beheld; sight presented to the natural or intellectual eye; scene; prospect; as, the view from a window. 'T is distance lends enchantment to the view. Campbell.
5. The pictorial representation of a scene; a sketch, as, a fine view of Lake George.
6. Mode of looking at anything; manner of apprehension; conception; opinion; judgment; as, to state one's views of the policy which ought to be pursued. To give a right view of this mistaken part of liberty. Locke.
7. That which is looked towards, or kept in sight, as object, aim, intention, purpose, design; as, he did it with a view of escaping. No man sets himself about anything but upon some view or other which serves him for a reason. Locke.
8. Appearance; show; aspect. [Obs.] [Graces] which, by the splendor of her view Dazzled, before we never knew. Waller. Field of view. See under Field. — Point of view. See under Point. — To have in view, to have in mind as an incident, object, or aim; as, to have one's resignation in view. — View halloo, the shout uttered by a hunter upon seeing the fox break cover. — View of frankpledge (Law), a court of record, held in a hundred, lordship, or manor, before the steward of the leet. Blackstone. — View of premises (Law), the inspection by the jury of the place where a litigated transaction is said to have occurred.
VIEWView, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Viewed; p. pr. & vb. n. Viewing.]
1. To see; to behold; especially, to look at with attention, or for the purpose of examining; to examine with the eye; to inspect; to explore. O, let me view his visage, being dead. Shak. Nearer to view his prey, and, unespied, To mark what of their state he more might learn. Milton.
2. To survey or examine mentally; to consider; as, to view the subject in all its aspects. The happiest youth, viewing his progress through. Shak.
VIEWERView"er, n.
1. One who views or examines.
2. (Law)
Defn: A person appointed to inspect highways, fences, or the like, and to report upon the same.
3. The superintendent of a coal mine. [Eng.]
VIEWINESSView"i*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being viewy, or of having unpractical views.
VIEWLESSView"less, a.
Defn: Not perceivable by the eye; invisible; unseen. "Viewlesswinds." Shak.Swift through the valves the visionary fair Repassed, and viewlessmixed with common air. Pope.
VIEWLY; VIEWSOMEView"ly, View"some, a.
Defn: Pleasing to the sight; sightly. [Prov. Eng.]
VIEWYView"y, a.
1. Having peculiar views; fanciful; visionary; unpractical; as, a viewy person.
2. Spectacular; pleasing to the eye or the imagination. A government intent on showy absurdities and viewy enterprises rather than solid work. London Spectator.
VIFDAVif"da, n.
Defn: In the Orkney and Shetland Islands, beef and mutton hung and dried, but not salted. [Scot.] [Written also vivda.] Jamieson.
VIGESIMALVi*ges"i*mal, a. Etym: [L. vigesimus twentieth, from viginti twenty.]
Defn: Twentieth; divided into, or consisting of, twenties or twenty parts. Tylor.
VIGESIMATIONVi*ges`i*ma"tion, n.
Defn: The act of putting to death every twentieth man. [R.]
VIGESIMO-QUARTOVi*ges"i*mo-quar"to, a. Etym: [L. vigesimus quartus twenty-fourth.Cf. Duodecimo.]
Defn: Having twenty-four leaves to a sheet; as, a vigesimo-quarto form, book, leaf, size, etc.
VIGESIMO-QUARTOVi*ges"i*mo-quar"to, n.; pl. -tos (.
Defn: A book composed of sheets each of which is folded into twenty- four leaves; hence, indicating more or less definitely a size of book so made; — usually written 24mo, or 24º.
VIGILVig"il, n. Etym: [OE. vigile, L. vigilia, from vigil awake, watchful,probably akin to E. wake: cf. F. vigile. See Wake, v. i., and cf.Reveille, Surveillance, Vedette, Vegetable, Vigor.]
1. Abstinence from sleep, whether at a time when sleep is customary or not; the act of keeping awake, or the state of being awake, or the state of being awake; sleeplessness; wakefulness; watch. "Worn out by the labors and vigils of many months." Macaulay. Nothing wears out a fine face like the vigils of the card table and those cutting passions which attend them. Addison.
2. Hence, devotional watching; waking for prayer, or other religiousexercises.So they in heaven their odes and vigils tuned. Milton.Be sober and keep vigil, The Judge is at the gate. Neale (Rhythm ofSt. Bernard).
3. (Eccl.) (a) Originally, the watch kept on the night before a feast. (b) Later, the day and the night preceding a feast. He that shall live this day, and see old age, Will yearly on the vigil feast his neighbors, And say, "To-morrow is St. Crispian." Shak.
(c) A religious service performed in the evening preceding a feast. Vigils, or Watchings, of flowers (Bot.), a peculiar faculty belonging to the flowers of certain plants of opening and closing their petals as certain hours of the day. [R.]
VIGILANCEVig"i*lance, n. Etym: [L. vigilantia: cf. F. vigilance.]
1. The quality or state of being vigilant; forbearance of sleep; wakefulness.
2. Watchfulness in respect of danger; care; caution; circumspection. Cowper. And flaming ministers to watch and tend Their earthly charge; of these the vigilance I dread. Milton.
3. Guard; watch. [Obs.] "In at this gate none pass the vigilance here placed." Milton. Vigilance committee, a volunteer committee of citizens for the oversight and protection of any interest, esp. one organized for the summary suppression and punishment of crime, as when the processes of law appear inadequate.
VIGILANCYVig"i*lan*cy, n.
Defn: Vigilance. [Obs.] Fuller.
VIGILANT Vig"i*lant, a. Etym: [L. vigilans, -antis, p. pr. of vigilare to watch, fr. vigil awake: cf. F. vigilant. See Vigil.]
Defn: Attentive to discover and avoid danger, or to provide forsafety; wakeful; watchful; circumspect; wary. "Be sober, bevigilant." 1 Pet. v. 8.Sirs, take your places, and be vigilant. Shak.
VIGILANTLYVig"i*lant*ly, adv.
Defn: In a vigilant manner.
VIGILYVig"i*ly, n. Etym: [L. vigilia.]
Defn: A vigil. [Obs.] Chaucer.
VIGINTIVIRATE Vi`gin*tiv"i*rate, n. Etym: [L. vigintiviratus, fr. vigintiviri; viginti twenty + vir a man.]
Defn: The office of the vigintiviri, a body of officers of government consisting of twenty men; also, the vigintiviri. [R.]
VIGNETTE Vi*gnette", n. Etym: [F. vignette, fr. vigne a vine. See Vine, and cf. Vinette.]
1. (Arch.)
Defn: A running ornament consisting of leaves and tendrils, used inGothic architecture.
2. A decorative design, originally representing vine branches or tendrils, at the head of a chapter, of a manuscript or printed book, or in a similar position; hence, by extension, any small picture in a book; hence, also, as such pictures are often without a definite bounding line, any picture, as an engraving, a photograph, or the like, which vanishes gradually at the edge.
VIGNETTEVi*gnette", v. t.
Defn: To make, as an engraving or a photograph, with a border or edge insensibly fading away.
VIGNETTERVi*gnett"er, n.
1. A device used by photographers in printing vignettes, consisting of a screen of paper or glass with a central aperture the edges of which become opaque by intensible gradations.
2. A maker of vignettes.
VIGONIAVi*go"ni*a, a. Etym: [Cf. F. vigogne vicuña. See Vicuña.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to the vicuña; characterizing the vicuña; — said of the wool of that animal, used in felting hats, and for other purposes. Prescott.
VIGORVig"or, n. Etym: [OE. vigour, vigor, OF. vigor, vigur, vigour, F.vigueur, fr. L. vigor, fr. vigere to be lively or strong. SeeVegetable, Vigil.]
1. Active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy. The vigor of this arm was never vain. Dryden.
2. Strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor.
3. Strength; efficacy; potency. But in the fruithful earth . . . His beams, unactive else, their vigor find. Milton.
Note: Vigor and its derivatives commonly imply active strength, or the power of action and exertion, in distinction from passive strength, or strength to endure.
VIGORVig"or, v. t.
Defn: To invigorate. [Obs.] Feltham.
VIGORITEVig"or*ite, n. Etym: [L. vigor strength.]
Defn: An explosive containing nitroglycerin. It is used in blasting.
VIGOROSOVig`o*ro"so, a. & adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)
Defn: Vigorous; energetic; with energy; — a direction to perform a passage with energy and force.
VIGOROUSVig"or*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. vigoros, F. vigoureux, LL. vigorosus.]
1. Possessing vigor; full of physical or mental strength or active force; strong; lusty; robust; as, a vigorous youth; a vigorous plant. Famed for his valor, young, At sea successful, vigorous and strong. Waller.
2. Exhibiting strength, either of body or mind; powerful; strong; forcible; energetic; as, vigorous exertions; a vigorous prosecution of a war. The beginnings of confederacies have been always vigorous and successful. Davenant. — Vig"or*ous*ly, adv. — Vig"or*ous*ness, n.
VIKINGVi"king, n. Etym: [Icel. vikingr, fr. vik a bay, inlet.]
Defn: One belonging to the pirate crews from among the Northmen, whoplundered the coasts of Europe in the eighth, ninth, and tenthcenturies.Of grim Vikings, and the rapture Of the sea fight, and the capture,And the life of slavery. Longfellow.
Note: Vikings differs in meaning from sea king, with which frequently confounded. "The sea king was a man connected with a royal race, either of the small kings of the country, or of the Haarfager family, and who, by right, received the title of king as soon he took the command of men, although only of a single ship's crew, and without having any land or kingdom . . . Vikings were merely pirates, alternately peasants and pirates, deriving the name of viking from the vicks, wicks, or inlets, on the coast in which they harbored with their long ships or rowing galleys." Laing.
VILANYVil"a*ny, n.
Defn: Villainy. [Obs.] Chaucer.
VILAYETVi`la*yet", n. Etym: [Turk., from Ar. wilayah.]
Defn: One of the chief administrative divisions or provinces of theOttoman Empire; — formerly called eyalet.
VILDVild, a. Etym: [As if the p. p. of a verb to vile. See Vile, a.]
Defn: Vile. [Obs.] "That vild race." Spenser.— Vild"ly, adv. [Obs.] Spenser.
VILEVile, a. [Comp. Viler; superl. Vilest.] Etym: [OE. vil, F. vil, fromL. vilis cheap, worthless, vile, base.]
1. Low; base; worthless; mean; despicable. A poor man in vile raiment. James ii. 2. The craft either of fishing, which was Peter's, or of making tents, which was Paul's, were [was] more vile than the science of physic. Ridley. The inhabitants account gold but as a vile thing. Abp. Abbot.
2. Morally base or impure; depraved by sin; hateful; in the sight of God and men; sinful; wicked; bad. "Such vile base practices." Shak. Behold, I am vile; what shall I answer thee Job xl. 4.
Syn.— See Base.— Vile"ly, adv.— Vile"ness, n.
VILEDViled, a. Etym: [See Vild.]
Defn: Abusive; scurrilous; defamatory; vile. [Obs.] "Viled speeches."Hayward.
VILEYNSVil"eyns, a. Etym: [See Villain.]
Defn: Villainous. [Obs.] "Vileyns sinful deeds make a churl."Chaucer.
VILIFICATIONVil`i*fi*ca"tion, n.
Defn: The act of vilifying or defaming; abuse. South.
VILIFIERVil"i*fi`er, n.
Defn: One who vilifies or defames.
VILIFYVil"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vilified; p. pr. & vb. n. Vilifying.]Etym: [L. vilis vile + -fly; cf. L. vilificare to esteem of littlevalue.]
1. To make vile; to debase; to degrade; to disgrace. [R.] When themselves they vilified To serve ungoverned appetite. Milton.
2. To degrade or debase by report; to defame; to traduce; to calumniate. I. Taylor. Many passions dispose us to depress and vilify the merit of one rising in the esteem of mankind. Addison.
3. To treat as vile; to despise. [Obs.] I do vilify your censure. Beau. & Fl.
VILIPEND Vil"i*pend, v. t. Etym: [L. vilipendere; vilis vile + pendere to weigh, to value: cf. F. vilipender.]
Defn: To value lightly; to depreciate; to slight; to despise.To vilipend the art of portrait painting. Longfellow.
VILIPENDENCYVil"i*pend"en*cy, n.
Defn: Disesteem; slight; disparagement. [R.] E. Waterhouse.
VILITYVil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. vilitas: cf. F. vileté, vilité, OF. vilté.]
Defn: Vileness; baseness. [Obs.] Kennet.
VILLVill, n. Etym: [OF. ville, vile, a village, F. ville a town, city.See Villa.]
Defn: A small collection of houses; a village. "Every manor, town, orvill." Sir M. Hale.Not should e'er the crested fowl From thorp or vill his matins soundfor me. Wordsworth.
Note: A word of various significations in English, law; as, a manor; a tithing; a town; a township; a parish; a part of a parish; a village. The original meaning of vill, in England, seems to have been derived from the Roman sense of the term villa, a single country residence or farm; a manor. Later, the term was applied only to a collection of houses more than two, and hence came to comprehend towns. Burrill. The statute of Exeter, 14 Edward I., mentions entire- vills, demivills, and hamlets.
VILLAVil"la, n.; pl. Villas. Etym: [L. villa, LL. also village, dim. of L.vicus a village: cf. It. & F. villa. See Vicinity, and cf. Vill,Village, Villain.]
Defn: A country seat; a country or suburban residence of some pretensions to elegance. Dryden. Cowper.
VILLAGE Vil"lage (; 48), n. Etym: [F., fr. L. villaticus belonging to a country house or villa. See Villa, and cf. Villatic.]
Defn: A small assemblage of houses in the country, less than a town or city. Village cart, a kind of two-wheeled pleasure carriage without a top.
Syn. — Village, Hamlet, Town, City. In England, a hamlet denotes a collection of houses, too small to have a parish church. A village has a church, but no market. A town has both a market and a church or churches. A city is, in the legal sense, an incorporated borough town, which is, or has been, the place of a bishop's see. In the United States these distinctions do not hold.
VILLAGERVil"la*ger, n.
Defn: An inhabitant of a village.Brutus had rather be a villager Than to repute himself a son of RomeUnder these hard condition. Shak.
VILLAGERYVil"lage*ry, n.
Defn: Villages; a district of villages. [Obs.] "The maidens of the villagery." Shak.
VILLAIN Vil"lain, n. Etym: [OE. vilein, F. vilain, LL. villanus, from villa a village, L. villa a farm. See Villa.]
1. (Feudal Law)
Defn: One who holds lands by a base, or servile, tenure, or in villenage; a feudal tenant of the lowest class, a bondman or servant. [In this sense written also villan, and villein.] If any of my ansectors was a tenant, and a servant, and held his lands as a villain to his lord, his posterity also must do so, though accidentally they become noble. Jer. Taylor.
Note: Villains were of two sorts; villains regardant, that is, annexed to the manor (LL. adscripti glebæ); and villains in gross, that is, annexed to the person of their lord, and transferable from one to another. Blackstone.
2. A baseborn or clownish person; a boor. [R.] Pour the blood of the villain in one basin, and the blood of the gentleman in another, what difference shall there be proved Becon.
3. A vile, wicked person; a man extremely depraved, and capable or guilty of great crimes; a deliberate scoundrel; a knave; a rascal; a scamp. Like a villain with a smiling cheek. Shak. Calm, thinking villains, whom no faith could fix. Pope.
VILLAINVil"lain, a. Etym: [F. vilain.]
Defn: Villainous. [R.] Shak.
VILLAINVil"lain, v. t.
Defn: To debase; to degrade. [Obs.] Sir T. More.
VILLAINOUSVil"lain*ous, a. Etym: [Written also villanous.]
1. Base; vile; mean; depraved; as, a villainous person or wretch.
2. Proceeding from, or showing, extreme depravity; suited to a villain; as, a villainous action.
3. Sorry; mean; mischievous; — in a familiar sense. "A villainous trick of thine eye." Shak. Villainous judgment (O. E. Law), a judgment that casts reproach on the guilty person. —- Vil"lain*ous*ly, adv. Vil"lain*ous*ness, n.
VILLAINY Vil"lain*y, n.; pl. Villainies. Etym: [OE. vilanie, OF. vilanie, vilainie, vileinie, vilanie, LL. villania. See Villain, n.] [Written also villany.]
1. The quality or state of being a villain, or villainous; extreme depravity; atrocious wickedness; as, the villainy of the seducer. "Lucre of vilanye." Chaucer. The commendation is not in his wit, but in his villainy. Shak.
2. Abusive, reproachful language; discourteous speech; foul talk. [Archaic] He never yet not vileinye ne said In all his life, unto no manner wight. Chaucer. In our modern language, it [foul language] is termed villainy, as being proper for rustic boors, or men of coarsest education and employment. Barrow. Villainy till a very late day expressed words foul and disgraceful to the utterer much oftener than deeds. Trench.
3. The act of a villain; a deed of deep depravity; a crime.Such villainies roused Horace into wrath. Dryden.That execrable sum of all villainies commonly called a slave trade.John Wesley.
VILLAKINVil"la*kin, n.
Defn: A little villa. [R.] Gay.
VILLANVil"lan, n.
Defn: A villain. [R.]
VILLANAGEVil"lan*age (; 48), n. Etym: [OF. villenage, vilenage. See Villain.]
1. (Feudal Law)
Defn: The state of a villain, or serf; base servitude; tenure on condition of doing the meanest services for the lord. [In this sense written also villenage, and villeinage.] I speak even now as if sin were condemned in a perpetual villanage, never to be manumitted. Milton. Some faint traces of villanage were detected by the curious so late as the days of the Stuarts. Macaulay.
2. Baseness; infamy; villainy. [Obs.] Dryden.
VILLANELVil`la*nel", n. Etym: [See Villanelle.]
Defn: A ballad. [Obs.] Cotton.
VILLANELLA Vil`la*nel"la, n.; pl. Villanelle. Etym: [It., a pretty country girl.] (Mus.)
Defn: An old rustic dance, accompanied with singing.
VILLANELLEVil`la*nelle", n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: A poem written in tercets with but two rhymes, the first and third verse of the first stanza alternating as the third verse in each successive stanza and forming a couplet at the close. E. W. Gosse.
VILLANETTEVil`la*nette", n. Etym: [Dim. of villa; formed on the analogy of theFrench.]
Defn: A small villa. [R.]
VILLANIZEVil"lan*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Villanized; p. pr. & vb. n.Villanizing.]
Defn: To make vile; to debase; to degrade; to revile. [R.] Were virtue by descent, a noble name Could never villanize his father's fame. Dryden.
VILLANIZERVil"lan*i`zer, n.
Defn: One who villanizes. [R.]
VILLANOUS; VILLANOUSLY; VILLANOUSNESSVil"lan*ous, a. Vil"lan*ous*ly, adv., Vil"lan*ous*ness, n.,
Defn: See Villainous, etc.
VILLANYVil"lan*y, n.
Defn: See Villainy.
VILLATICVil*lat"ic, a. Etym: [L. villaticus belonging to a country house. SeeVillage.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to a farm or a village; rural. "Tame villatic fowl." Milton.
VILLEINVil"lein, n. (Feudal Law)
Defn: See Villain, 1.
VILLENAGEVil"len*age, n. Etym: [See Villanage.] (Feudal Law)
Defn: Villanage. Blackstone.
VILLENOUSVil"len*ous, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a villein.
VILLIVil"li, n.
Defn: , pl. of Villus.
VILLIFORMVil"li*form, a. Etym: [Villus + -form.]
Defn: Having the form or appearance of villi; like close-set fibers, either hard or soft; as, the teeth of perch are villiform.
VILLOSEVil*lose", a. (Bot.)
Defn: See Villous.
VILLOSITYVil*los"i*ty, n.
1. State of being villous.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: A coating of long, slender hairs.
3. (Anat.)
Defn: A villus.
VILLOUSVil"lous, a. Etym: [L. villosus: cf. F. villeux. Cf. Velvet.]
1. Abounding in, or covered with, fine hairs, or a woolly substance; shaggy with soft hairs; nappy.
2. (Anat.)
Defn: Furnished or clothed with villi.
VILLUSVil"lus, n.; pl. Villi. Etym: [L., shaggy hair, a tuft of hair.]
1. (Anat.)
Defn: One of the minute papillary processes on certain vascular membranes; a villosity; as, villi cover the lining of the small intestines of many animals and serve to increase the absorbing surface.
2. pl. (Bot.)
Defn: Fine hairs on plants, resembling the pile of velvet.
VIMVim, n. Etym: [L., accusative of vis strength.]
Defn: Power; force; energy; spirit; activity; vigor. [Colloq.]
VIMENVi"men, n. Etym: [L., a twig.] (Bot.)
Defn: A long, slender, flexible shoot or branch.
VIMINAL Vim"i*nal, a. Etym: [L. viminalis pertaining to osiers, fr. vimen a pliant twig, osier.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to twigs; consisting of twigs; producing twigs.
VIMINEOUSVi*min"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. vimineus, fr. vimen pliant twig.]
1. Of or pertaining to twigs; made of pliant twigs. "In the hive's vimineous dome." Prior.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: Producing long, slender twigs or shoots.
VINACEOUSVi*na"ceous, a. Etym: [L. vinaceus. See Vine.]
1. Belonging to, or like, wine or grapes.
2. Of the color of wine, especially of red wine.
VINAIGRETTEVin`ai*grette", n. Etym: [F., fr. vinaigre vinegar.]
1. (Cookery)
Defn: A sauce, made of vinegar, oil, and other ingredients, — used esp. for cold meats.
2. A small perforated box for holding aromatic vinegar contained in a sponge, or a smelling bottle for smelling salts; — called also vinegarette.
3. A small, two-wheeled vehicle, like a Bath chair, to be drawn or pushed by a boy or man. [R.]
VINAIGROUSVin"ai*grous, a. Etym: [F. vinaigre vinegar.]
1. Resembling vinegar; sour.
2. Fig.: Unamiable; morose. Carlyle.
VINASSEVi*nasse", n. Etym: [F.] (Chem.)
Defn: The waste liquor remaining in the process of making beet sugar, — used in the manufacture of potassium carbonate.
VINATICOVi*nat"i*co, n. Etym: [Pg. vinhatico.]
Defn: Madeira mahogany; the coarse, dark-colored wood of the PerseaIndica.
VINCENTIANVin*cen"tian, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to Saint Vincent de Paul, or founded by him.[R.]
VINCENTIAN Vin*cen"tian, n. (R. C. Ch.) (a) Same as Lazarist. (b) A member of certain charitable sisterhoods.
VINCETOXINVin`ce*tox"in, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A glucoside extracted from the root of the white swallowwort (Vincetoxicum officinale, a plant of the Asclepias family) as a bitter yellow amorphous substance; — called also asclepiadin, and cynanchin.
VINCIBILITYVin`ci*bil"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being vincible, vincibleness.
VINCIBLE Vin"ci*ble, a. Etym: [L. vincibilis, fr. vincere to vanquish, conquer: cf. F. vincible. See Victor.]
Defn: Capable of being overcome or subdued; conquerable. "He, not vincible in spirit . . . drew his sword." Hayward. "Vincible by human aid." Paley. Vincible ignorance (Theol.), ignorance within the individual's control and for which, therefore, he is responsible before God.
VINCIBLENESSVin"ci*ble*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being vincible.
VINCTUREVinc"ture, n. Etym: [L. vinctura, fr. vincire, vinctum, to bind.]
Defn: A binding. [Obs.]
VINCULUM Vin"cu*lum, n.; pl. L. Vincula, E. Vinculums. Etym: [L., from vincire, vinctum, to bind.]
1. A bond of union; a tie.
2. (Math.)
Defn: A straight, horizontal mark placed over two or more members of a compound quantity, which are to be subjected to the same operation, as in the expression x2 + y2 - x + y.
3. (Anat.)
Defn: A band or bundle of fibers; a frænum.
4. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A commissure uniting the two main tendons in the foot of certain birds.
VINDEMIALVin*de"mi*al, a. Etym: [L. vindemialis, fr. vindemia a vintage. SeeVintage.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to a vintage, or grape harvest. [R.]
VINDEMIATEVin*de"mi*ate, v. i. Etym: [L. vindemiare. See Vindemial.]
Defn: To gather the vintage. [Obs.] Evelyn.
VINDEMIATIONVin*de`mi*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. vindemiatio.]
Defn: The operation of gathering grapes. [Obs.] Bailey.
VINDICABLEVin"di*ca*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being vindicated.— Vin`di*ca*bil"i*ty, n.
VINDICATEVin"di*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vindicated; p. pr. & vb. n.Vindicating.] Etym: [L. vindicatus, p. p. of vindicare to lay claimto, defend, avenge. See Vengeance.]
1. To lay claim to; to assert a right to; to claim. [R.] Is thine alone the seed that strews the plain The birds of heaven shall vindicate their grain. Pope.
2. To maintain or defend with success; to prove to be valid; to assert convincingly; to sustain against assault; as, to vindicate a right, claim, or title.
3. To support or maintain as true or correct, against denial, censure, or objections; to defend; to justify. When the respondent denies any proposition, the opponent must directly vindicate . . . that proposition. I. Watts. Laugh where we must, be candid where we can, But vindicate the ways of God to man. Pope.
4. To maintain, as a law or a cause, by overthrowing enemies. Milton.
5. To liberate; to set free; to deliver. [Obs.] I am confident he deserves much more That vindicates his country from a tyrant Than he that saves a citizen. Massinger.
6. To avenge; to punish; as, a war to vindicate or punish infidelity.[Obs.] Bacon.God is more powerful to exact subjection and to vindicate rebellion.Bp. Pearson.
Syn.— To assert; maintain; claim. See Assert.
VINDICATION Vin`di*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. vindicatio a laying claim, defense, vindication. See Vindicate.]
1. The act of vindicating, or the state of being vindicated; defense; justification against denial or censure; as, the vindication of opinions; his vindication is complete. Occasion for the vindication of this passage in my book. Locke.
2. (Civil Law)
Defn: The claiming a thing as one's own; the asserting of a right or title in, or to, a thing. Burrill.
VINDICATIVEVin"di*ca*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. vindicatif. Cf. Vindictive.]
1. Tending to vindicate; vindicating; as, a vindicative policy.
2. Revengeful; vindictive. [Obs.] Vindicative persons live the life of witches, who, as they are mischievous, so end they infortunate. Bacon. — Vin"di*ca*tive*ness, n.
VINDICATORVin"di*ca`tor, n. Etym: [LL., an avenger.]
Defn: One who vindicates; one who justifies or maintains. Locke.
VINDICATORYVin"di*ca*to*ry, a.
1. Tending or serving to vindicate or justify; justificatory; vindicative.
2. Inflicting punishment; avenging; punitory. The afflictions of Job were no vindicatory punishments to take vengeance of his sins. Abp. Bramhall.
VINDICTIVE Vin*dic"tive, a. Etym: [For vindicative, confused with L. vindicta revenge, punishment, fr. vindicare to vindicate. Cf. Vindicative.]
1. Disposed to revenge; prompted or characterized by revenge; revengeful. I am vindictive enough to repel force by force. Dryden.
2. Punitive. [Obs.] Vindictive damages. (Law) See under Damage, n.— Vin*dic"tive*ly, adv.— Vin*dic"tive*ness, n.
VINE Vine, n. Etym: [F. vigne, L. vinea a vineyard, vine from vineus of or belonging to wine, vinum wine, grapes. See Wine, and cf. Vignette.] (Bot.) (a) Any woody climbing plant which bears grapes. (b) Hence, a climbing or trailing plant; the long, slender stem of any plant that trails on the ground, or climbs by winding round a fixed object, or by seizing anything with its tendrils, or claspers; a creeper; as, the hop vine; the bean vine; the vines of melons, squashes, pumpkins, and other cucurbitaceous plants. There shall be no grapes on the vine. Jer. viii. 13. And one went out into the field to gather herbs, and found a wild vine, and gathered thereof wild gourds. 2 Kings iv. 89. Vine apple (Bot.), a small kind of squash. Roger Williams. — Vine beetle (Zoöl.), any one of several species of beetles which are injurious to the leaves or branches of the grapevine. Among the more important species are the grapevine fidia (see Fidia), the spotted Pelidnota (see Rutilian), the vine fleabeetle (Graptodera chalybea), the rose beetle (see under Rose), the vine weevil, and several species of Colaspis and Anomala. — Vine borer. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of beetles whose larvæ bore in the wood or pith of the grapevine, especially Sinoxylon basilare, a small species the larva of which bores in the stems, and Ampeloglypter sesostris, a small reddish brown weevil (called also vine weevil), which produces knotlike galls on the branches. (b) A clearwing moth (Ægeria polistiformis), whose larva bores in the roots of the grapevine and is often destructive. — Vine dragon, an old and fruitless branch of a vine. [Obs.] Holland. — Vine forester (Zoöl.), any one of several species of moths belonging to Alypia and allied genera, whose larvæ feed on the leaves of the grapevine. — Vine fretter (Zoöl.), a plant louse, esp. the phylloxera that injuries the grapevine. — Vine grub (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of insect larvæ that are injurious to the grapevine. — Vine hopper (Zoöl.), any one of several species of leaf hoppers which suck the sap of the grapevine, especially Erythroneura vitis. See Illust. of Grape hopper, under Grape. — Vine inchworm (Zoöl.), the larva of any species of geometrid moths which feed on the leaves of the grapevine, especially Cidaria diversilineata. — Vine-leaf rooer (Zoöl.), a small moth (Desmia maculalis) whose larva makes a nest by rolling up the leaves of the grapevine. The moth is brownish black, spotted with white. — Vine louse (Zoöl.), the phylloxera. — Vine mildew (Bot.), a fungous growth which forms a white, delicate, cottony layer upon the leaves, young shoots, and fruit of the vine, causing brown spots upon the green parts, and finally a hardening and destruction of the vitality of the surface. The plant has been called Oidium Tuckeri, but is now thought to be the conidia- producing stage of an Erysiphe. — Vine of Sodom (Bot.), a plant named in the Bible (Deut. xxxii. 32), now thought to be identical with the apple of Sodom. See Apple of Sodom, under Apple. — Vine sawfly (Zoöl.), a small black sawfiy (Selandria vitis) whose larva feeds upon the leaves of the grapevine. The larvæ stand side by side in clusters while feeding. — Vine slug (Zoöl.), the larva of the vine sawfly. — Vine sorrel (Bot.), a climbing plant (Cissus acida) related to the grapevine, and having acid leaves. It is found in Florida and the West Indies. — Vine sphinx (Zoöl.), any one of several species of hawk moths. The larvæ feed on grapevine leaves. — Vine weevil. (Zoöl.) See Vine borer (a) above, and Wound gall, under Wound.
VINEALVi"ne*al, a. Etym: [L. vinealis.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to vines; containing vines. [R.] Sir T.Browne.
VINE-CLADVine"-clad`, a.
Defn: Covered with vines.
VINEDVined, a.
Defn: Having leaves like those of the vine; ornamented with vine leaves. "Vined and figured columns." Sir H. Wotton.
VINEDRESSERVine"dress`er, n.
Defn: One who cultivates, prunes, or cares for, grapevines; a laborerin a vineyard.The sons of the shall be your plowmen and your vinedressers. Isa.lxi. 5.
VINEGAR Vin"e*gar, n. Etym: [OE. vinegre, F. vinaigre; vin wine (L. vinum) + aigre sour. See Wine, and Eager, a.]
1. A sour liquid used as a condiment, or as a preservative, and obtained by the spontaneous (acetous) fermentation, or by the artificial oxidation, of wine, cider, beer, or the like.
Note: The characteristic sourness of vinegar is due to acetic acid, of which it contains from three to five per cent. Wine vinegar contains also tartaric acid, citric acid, etc.
2. Hence, anything sour; — used also metaphorically. Here's the challenge: . . . I warrant there's vinegar and pepper in't. Shak. Aromatic vinegar, strong acetic acid highly flavored with aromatic substances. — Mother of vinegar. See 4th Mother. — Radical vinegar, acetic acid. — Thieves' vinegar. See under Thief. — Vinegar eel (Zoöl.), a minute nematode worm (Leptodera oxophila, or Anguillula acetiglutinis), commonly found in great numbers in vinegar, sour paste, and other fermenting vegetable substances; — called also vinegar worm. — Vinegar lamp (Chem.), a fanciful name of an apparatus designed to oxidize alcohol to acetic acid by means of platinum. — Vinegar plant. See 4th Mother. — Vinegar tree (Bot.), the stag-horn sumac (Rhus typhina), whose acid berries have been used to intensify the sourness of vinegar. — Wood vinegar. See under Wood.
VINEGARVin"e*gar, v. t.
Defn: To convert into vinegar; to make like vinegar; to render souror sharp. [Obs.]Hoping that he hath vinegared his senses As he was bid. B. Jonson.
VINEGARETTEVin`e*gar*ette", n.
Defn: See Vinaigrette, n., 2.
VINEGAR FLYVin"e*gar fly.
Defn: Any of several fruit flies, esp. Drosophila ampelopophila, which breed in imperfectly sealed preserves and in pickles.
VINEGARROONVin`e*gar*roon", n. [Cf. Sp. vinagre vinegar.]
Defn: A whip scorpion, esp. a large Mexican species (Thelyphonus giganteus) popularly supposed to be very venomous; — from the odor that it emits when alarmed.
VINEGARYVin"e*gar*y, a.
Defn: Having the nature of vinegar; sour; unamiable.
VINERVin"er, n.
Defn: A vinedresser. [Obs.]
VINERYVin"er*y, n.
1. A vineyard. [Obs.] "The vinery of Ramer." Fabyan.
2. A structure, usually inclosed with glass, for rearing and protecting vines; a grapery.
VINETTEVi*nette", n. Etym: [Cf. Vignette.]
Defn: A sprig or branch. [Archaic] Halliwell.
VINEWEDVin"ewed, a.
Defn: Same as Vinnewed.
VINEYARD Vine"yard, n. Etym: [For OE. winyard, AS. wingeard; influenced by E. vine. See Wine, and Yard an inclosure.]
Defn: An inclosure or yard for grapevines; a plantation of vines producing grapes.
VINEYARDISTVine"yard*ist, n.
Defn: One who cultivates a vineyard.
VINGT ET UNVingt` et` un". Etym: [F., twenty and one.]
Defn: A game at cards, played by two or more persons. The fortune of each player depends upon obtaining from the dealer such cards that the sum of their pips, or spots, is twenty-one, or a number near to it.
VINGTUNVingt`un", n.
Defn: Contraction for Vingt et un.
VINICVin"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to wine; as, vinic alcohol.
VINICULTUREVin"i*cul`ture, n. Etym: [L. vinum wine + cultura culture.]
Defn: The cultivation of the vine, esp. for making wine; viticulture.
VINIFICATIONVin`i*fi*ca"tion, n. [L. vinum wine + E. -fication.]
Defn: The conversion of a fruit juice or other saccharine solution into alcohol by fermentation.
VINNEWEDVin"newed, a. Etym: [See Fenowed.]
Defn: Moldy; musty. [Written also vinewed.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] —Vin"newed*ness, n. [Obs.]Many of Chaucer's words are become, as it were, vinnewed and hoarywith over-long lying. F. Beaumont.
VINNYVin"ny, a.
Defn: Vinnewed. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
VINOLENCYVin"o*len*cy, n. Etym: [L. vinolentina. See Vinolent.]
Defn: Drunkennes. [Obs.]
VINOLENTVin"o*lent, a. Etym: [L. vinolentus, fr. vinum wine.]
Defn: Given to wine; drunken; intemperate. [Obs.] Chaucer.
VINOMETERVin*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. vinum vine + -meter.]
Defn: An instrument for determining the strength or purity of wine by measuring its density.
VIN ORDINAIREVin` or`di`naire". Etym: [F., lit., common wine.]
Defn: A cheap claret, used as a table wine in France.
VINOSEVi*nose", a.
Defn: Vinous.
VINOSITYVi*nos"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. vinositas: cf. F. vinosité.]
Defn: The quality or state of being vinous.
VINOUSVi"nous, a. Etym: [L. vinosus, fr. vinum wine: cf. F. vineux. SeeWine.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to wine; having the qualities of wine; as, a vinous taste.
VINQUISHVin"quish, n. (Far.)
Defn: See Vanquish, n.
VINTAGE Vint"age (; 48), n. Etym: [Corrupted by influence of vintner, vintry, from OE. vindage, vendage, for vendange, OF. vendenge, F. vendange, from L. vindemia; vinum wine, grapes + demere to take off; de + emere, originally, to take. See Wine, Redeem, and cf. Vindemial.]
1. The produce of the vine for one season, in grapes or in wine; as, the vintage is abundant; the vintage of 1840.
2. The act or time of gathering the crop of grapes, or making the wine for a season. Vintage spring, a wine fount. — Vintage time, the time of gathering grapes and making wine. Milton.
VINTAGERVint"a*ger, n. Etym: [From Vintage: cf. F. vendangeur.]
Defn: One who gathers the vintage.
VINTAGINGVint"a*ging, n.
Defn: The act of gathering the vintage, or crop of grapes.
VINTNERVint"ner, n. Etym: [OE. vintener, viniter, OF. vinetier, vinotier,LL. vinetarius, fr. L. vinetum a vineyard, fr. vinum wine. See Wine.]
Defn: One who deals in wine; a wine seller, or wine merchant.
VINTRY Vint"ry, n. Etym: [OE. viniterie, from OF. vinotier, vinetier, wine merchant. See Vintner.]
Defn: A place where wine is sold. [Obs.] Ainsworth.
VINUMVi"num, n.; pl. Vina (#). [L. See Wine.]
Defn: Wine, —chiefly used in Pharmacy in the name of solutions of some medicinal substance in wine; as: vina medicata, medicated wines; vinum opii, wine of opium.
VINYVin"y, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to vines; producing, or abounding in, vines.P. Fletcher.
VINYLVi"nyl, n. Etym: [L. vinum wine + -yl.] (Chem.)
Defn: The hypothetical radical C2H3, regarded as the characteristic residue of ethylene and that related series of unsaturated hydrocarbons with which the allyl compounds are homologous.
VIOL Vi"ol, n. Etym: [F. viole; cf. Pr. viola, viula, Sp., Pg., & It. viola, LL. vitula; of uncertain origin; perhaps from L. vitulari to celebrate a festival, keep holiday, be joyful, perhaps originally, to sacrifice a calf (vitulus; cf. Veal). Cf. Fiddle, Vielle, 2d Viola, Violin.]
1. (Mus.)
Defn: A stringed musical instrument formerly in use, of the same form as the violin, but larger, and having six strings, to be struck with a bow, and the neck furnished with frets for stopping the strings. Me softer airs befit, and softer strings Of lute, or viol still, more apt for mournful things. Milton.
Note: The name is now applied as a general term to designate instruments of the violin kind, as tenor viol, bass viol, etc.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: A large rope sometimes used in weighing anchor. [Written also voyal, and voyal.] Totten.
VIOLAVi"o*la, n. Etym: [L., a violet. See Violet.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of polypetalous herbaceous plants, including all kinds of violets.
VIOLAVi"o*la, n. Etym: [It. See Viol.] (Mus.)
Defn: An instrument in form and use resembling the violin, but larger, and a fifth lower in compass. Viola da braccio Etym: [It., viol for the arm], the tenor viol, or viola, a fifth lower than the violin. Its part is written in the alto clef, hence it is sometimes called the alto. — Viola da gamba Etym: [It., viol for the leg], an instrument resembling the viola, but larger, and held between the knees. It is now rarely used. — Viola da spalla Etym: [It., viol for the shoulder], an instrument formerly used, resembling the viola, and intermediate in size between the viola and the viola da gamba. — Viola di amore Etym: [It., viol of love: cf. F. viole d'amour], a viol, larger than the viola, having catgut strings upon, and brass or steel wires under, the keyboard. These, sounding sympathetically with the strings, yield a peculiarly soft and silvery sound. It is now seldom used.
VIOLABLEVi"o*la*ble, a. Etym: [L. violabilis: cf. F. violable. See Violate.]
Defn: Capable of being violated, broken, or injured.— Vi"o*la*bly, adv.
VIOLACEOUSVi`o*la"ceous, a. Etym: [L. violaceus, fr. viola a violet.]
1. Resembling violets in color; bluish purple.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants, of which the violet is the type. It contains about twenty genera and two hundred and fifty species.
VIOLANILINEVi`o*lan"i*line, n. Etym: [Violet + aniline.] (Chem.)
Defn: A dyestuff of the induline group, made from aniline, and used as a substitute for indigo in dyeing wool and silk a violet-blue or a gray-blue color.
VIOLANTINVi`o*lan"tin, n. Etym: [See Violuric.] (Chem.)
Defn: A complex nitrogenous substance, produced as a yellow crystalline substance, and regarded as a complex derivative of barbituric acid.
VIOLAQUERCITRINVi`o*la*quer"cit*rin, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A yellow crystalline glucoside obtained from the pansy (Viola tricolor), and decomposing into glucose and quercitrin.
VIOLASCENTVi`o*las"cent, a.
Defn: Violescent. [R.]
VIOLATEVi"o*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Violates; p. pr. & vb. n. Violating.]Etym: [L. violatus, p. p. of violare to violate, fr. vis strength,force. See Violent.]
1. To treat in a violent manner; to abuse. His wife Boadicea violated with stripes, his daughters with rape. Milton.
2. To do violence to, as to anything that should be held sacred or respected; to profane; to desecrate; to break forcibly; to trench upon; to infringe. Violated vows 'Twixt the souls of friend and friend. Shak. Oft have they violated The temple, oft the law, with foul affronts. Milton.
3. To disturb; to interrupt. "Employed, it seems, to violate sleep." Milton.
4. To commit rape on; to ravish; to outrage.
Syn. — To injure; disturb; interrupt; infringe; transgress; profane; deflour; debauch; dishonor.
VIOLATIONVi`o*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. violatio: cf. F. violation.]
Defn: The act of violating, treating with violence, or injuring; the state of being violated. Specifically: — (a) Infringement; transgression; nonobservance; as, the violation of law or positive command, of covenants, promises, etc. "The violation of my faith." Shak. (b) An act of irreverence or desecration; profanation or contemptuous treatment of sacred things; as, the violation of a church. Udall. (c) Interruption, as of sleep or peace; disturbance. (d) Ravishment; rape; outrage. Shak.