CAPITALIZATIONCap"i*tal*i*za`tion, n.
Defn: The act or process of capitalizing.
CAPITALIZECap"i*tal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Capitalized; p. pr. & vb. n.Capitalizing.]
1. To convert into capital, or to use as capital.
2. To compute, appraise, or assess the capital value of (a patent right, an annuity, etc.)
3. To print in capital letters, or with an initial capital.
CAPITALLYCap*i*tal*ly, adv.
1. In a way involving the forfeiture of the head or life; as, to punish capitally.
2. In a capital manner; excellently. [Colloq.]
CAPITALNESSCap"i*tal*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being capital; preeminence. [R.]
CAPITAN PASHA; CAPITAN PACHACa`pi*tan` Pa*sha` or Pa*cha`. Etym: [See capitan.]
Defn: The chief admiral of the Turkish fleet.
CAPITATECap"i*tate, a Etym: [L. capitatus fr. caput head.]
1. Headlike in form; also, having the distal end enlarged and rounded, as the stigmas of certain flowers.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: Having the flowers gathered into a head.
CAPITATIMCap`i*ta"tim, a. Etym: [NL.]
Defn: Of so much per head; as, a capitatim tax; a capitatim grant.
CAPITATIONCap`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. capitatio a poll tax, fr. caput head; cf.F. capitation.]
1. A numbering of heads or individuals. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
2. A tax upon each head or person, without reference to property; a poll tax.
CAPITECap"i*te, n. Etym: [L., abl. of caput head.]
Defn: See under Tenant.
CAPITELLATECap`i*tel"late, a. Etym: [L. capitellum, dim. of caput head.] (Bot.)
Defn: Having a very small knoblike termination, or collected into minute capitula.
CAPITIBRANCHIATA Cap`i*ti*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from L. caput, capitis, head + -branchiae gills.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A division of annelids in which the gills arise from or near the head. See Tubicola.
CAPITOLCap"i*tol, Etym: [L. capitolium, fr. caput head: cf. F. capitole. SeeChief.]
1. The temple of Jupiter, at Rome, on the Mona Capitolinus, where the Senate met. Comes Cæsar to the Capitol to-morrow Shak.
2. The edifice at Washington occupied by the Congress of the United States; also, the building in which the legislature of State holds its sessions; a statehouse.
CAPITOLIAN; CAPITOLINE Cap`i*to"li*an, Cap"i*to*line, a. Etym: [L. capitolinus: cf. F. capitolin.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Capitol in Rome. "Capitolian Jove." Macaulay. Capitoline games (Antiq.), annual games instituted at Rome by Camillus, in honor of Jupter Capitolinus, on account of the preservation of the Capitol from the Gauls; when reinstituted by Domitian, arter a period of neglect, they were held every fifth year.
CAPITULACa*pit"u*la, n. pl.
Defn: See Capitulum.
CAPITULAR Ca*pit"u*lar, n. Etym: [LL. capitulare, capitularium, fr. L. capitulum a small head, a chapter, dim. of capit head, chapter.]
1. An act passed in a chapter.
2. A member of a chapter. The chapter itself, and all its members or capitulars. Ayliffe.
3. The head or prominent part.
CAPITULARCa*pit"u*lar, a.
1. (Eccl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to a chapter; capitulary.From the pope to the member of the capitular body. Milman.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: Growing in, or pertaining to, a capitulum.
3. (Anat.)
Defn: Pertaining to a capitulum; as, the capitular process of a vetebra, the process which articulates with the capitulum of a rib.
CAPITULARLYCa*pit"u*lar*ly, adv.
Defn: In the manner or form of an ecclesiastical chapter. Sterne.
CAPITULARYCa*pit"u*la*ry, n.; pl. Capitularies. Etym: [See Capitular.]
1. A capitular.
2. The body of laws or statutes of a chapter, or of an ecclesiastical council.
3. A collection of laws or statutes, civil and ecclesiastical, esp. of the Frankish kings, in chapters or sections. Several of Charlemagne's capitularies. Hallam.
CAPITULARYCa*pit"u*la*ry, a.
Defn: Relating to the chapter of a cathedral; capitular. "Capitulary acts." Warton.
CAPITULATECa*pit"u*late, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Capitulated; p. pr. & vb. n.Capitulating.] Etym: [LL. capitulatus, p. p. of capitulare tocapitulate: cf. F. capituler. See Capitular, n.]
1. To settle or draw up the heads or terms of an agreement, as in chapters or articles; to agree. [Obs.] There capitulates with the king . . . to take to wife his daughter Mary. Heylin. There is no reason why the reducing of any agreement to certain heads or capitula should not be called to capitulate. Trench.
2. To surrender on terms agreed upon (usually, drawn up under several heads); as, an army or a garrison capitulates. The Irish, after holding out a week, capitulated. Macaulay.
CAPITULATECa*pit"u*late, v. t.
Defn: To surrender or transfer, as an army or a fortress, on certain conditions. [R.]
CAPITULATIONCa*pit`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. capitulation, LL. capitulatio.]
1. A reducing to heads or articles; a formal agreement. With special capitulation that neither the Scots nor the French shall refortify. Bp. Burnet.
2. The act of capitulating or surrendering to an emeny upon stipulated terms.
3. The instrument containing the terms of an agreement or surrender.
CAPITULATORCa*pit"u*la`tor, n. Etym: [LL.]
Defn: One who capitulates.
CAPITULECap"i*tule, n. Etym: [L. capitulum small head, chapter.]
Defn: A summary. [Obs.]
CAPITULUMCa*pit"u*lum, n.; pl. Capitula (. Etym: [L., a small head.]
1. A thick head of flowers on a very short axis, as a clover top, or a dandelion; a composite flower. A capitulum may be either globular or flat. Gray.
2. (Anat.)
Defn: A knobike protuberance of any part, esp. at the end of a bone or cartilage.
Note: [See Illust. of Artiodactyla.]
CAPIVICa*pi"vi, n. Etym: [Cf. Copaiba.]
Defn: A balsam of the Spanish West Indies. See Copaiba.
CAPLECa"ple, n.
Defn: See Capel.
CAPLINCap"lin, n.
Defn: See Capelin.
CAPLIN; CAPLINGCap"lin, Cap"ling, n.
Defn: The cap or coupling of a flail, through which the thongs pass which connect the handle and swingel. Wright.
CAPNOMANCYCap"no*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. mancy: cf. F. capnomancie.]
Defn: Divination by means of the ascent or motion of smoke.
CAPNOMORCap"no*mor, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)
Defn: A limpid, colorless oil with a peculiar odor, obtained from beech tar. Watts.
CAPOCCa*poc", n. Etym: [Malay kapoq.]
Defn: A sort of cotton so short and fine thet it can not be spun, used in the East Indies to line palanquins, to make mattresses, etc.
CAPOCHCa*poch", n.; pl. Capoches. Etym: [Cf. Sp. capucho, It. cappucio, F.Capuce, capuchon, LL. caputium, fr. capa cloak. See Cap.]
Defn: A hood; especialy, the hood attached to the gown of a monk.
CAPOCHCa*poch", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Capoched.]
Defn: To cover with, or as with, a hood; hence, to hoodwink or blind.Hudibras.
CAPON Ca"pon, n. Etym: [OE. capon, chapoun, AS. cap (cf. F. chapon), L. capo, fr. Gr. skopiti to casrate. CF. Comma.]
Defn: A castrated cock, esp. when fattened; a male chicken gelded to improve his flesh for the table. Shak. The merry thought of a capon. W. Irving.
CAPONCa"pon, v. t.
Defn: To castrate; to make a capon of.
CAPONETCa"pon*et, n.
Defn: A young capon. [R.] Chapman.
CAPONIERE Cap`o*niere", n. Etym: [F. caponnière, fr. Sp. caponera, orig., a cage for fattening capons, hence, a place of refuge; cf. It. capponiera. See Capon.] (Fort.)
Defn: A work made across or in the ditch, to protect it from the enemy, or to serve as a covered passageway.
CAPONIZECa"pon*ize, v. t.
Defn: To castrate, as a fowl.
CAPORALCa`po*ral" (kä`po*räl"), n. [Sp. See Corporal, n.]
Defn: One who directs work; an overseer. [Sp. Amer.]
CAPOTCa*pot", n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: A winning of all the tricks at the game of piquet. It counts for forty points. Hoyle.
CAPOTCa*pot", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Capotted.]
Defn: To win all the tricks from, in playing at piquet.
CAPO TASTOCa"po tas"to. [It. capotasto.] (Music)
Defn: A sort of bar or movable nut, attached to the finger board of a guitar or other fretted instrument for the purpose of raising uniformly the pitch of all the strings.
CAPOTE Ca*pote", n. Etym: [Sp. capote (cf. F. capote.), fr. LL. capa cape, cloak. See Cap.]
Defn: A long cloak or overcoat, especially one with a hood.
CAPOUCHCa*pouch", n. & v. t.
Defn: Same as Capoch.
CAPPADINECap"pa*dine, n.
Defn: A floss or waste obtained from the cocoon after the silk has been reeled off, used for shag.
CAPPAPERCap"pa`per,
Defn: See cap, n., also Paper, n.
CAPPEAKCap"peak`, n.
Defn: The front piece of a cap; — now more commonly called visor.
CAPPELINECap"pe*line`, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. capella. See Chapel.] (Med.)
Defn: A hood-shaped bandage for the head, the shoulder, or the stump of an amputated limb.
CAPPELLACap*pel"la, n.
Defn: See A cappella.
CAPPERCap"per, n.
1. One whose business is to make or sell caps.
2. A by-bidder; a decoy for gamblers [Slang, U. S.].
3. An instrument for applying a percussion cap to a gun or cartridge.
CAPPING PLANECap"ping plane`. (Join.)
Defn: A plane used for working the upper surface of staircase rails.
CAPRACa"pra, n. Etym: [L., a she goat.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of ruminants, including the common goat.
CAPRATECap"rate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of capric acid.
CAPREOLATE Cap"re*o*late, a. Etym: [L. capreolus wild goat, tendril, fr.caper goat: cf. F. capréolé.] (Bot.)
Defn: Having a tendril or tendrils.
CAPREOLINECap"re*o*line, a. Etym: [L. capreolus wild goat, fr. caper goat.](Zoöl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the roebuck.
CAPRICa"pri, n.
Defn: Wine produced on the island of Capri, commonly a light, dry, white wine.
CAPRICCap"ric, a. Etym: [L. caper goat.] (Chem.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to capric acid or its derivatives. Capric acid, C9H9.CO2H, Caprylic acid, C7H15.CO2H, and Caproic acid, C5H11.CO2H, are fatty acids occurring in small quantities in butter, cocoanut oil, etc., united with glycerin; they are colorless oils, or white crystalline solids, of an unpleasant odor like that of goats or sweat.
CAPRICCIOCa*pric"cio, n. Etym: [It. See Caprice.]
1. (Mus.)
Defn: A piece in a free form, with frequent digressions from the theme; a fantasia; — often called caprice.
2. A caprice; a freak; a fancy. Shak.
CAPRICECa*price", n. Etym: [F. caprice, It. capriccio, caprice (perh. orig.a fantastical goat leap), fr. L. caper, capra, goat. Cf Capriole,Cab, Caper, v. i.]
1. An abrupt change in feeling, opinion, or action, proceeding from some whim or fancy; a freak; a notion. "Caprices of appetite." W. Irving.
2. (Mus.)
Defn: See Capriccio.
Syn.— Freak; whim; crotchet; fancy; vagary; humor; whimsey; fickleness.
CAPRICIOSO; CAPRICCIOSOCa*pri*cio"so, Ca*pric*cio"so, a. Etym: [It.] (Mus)
Defn: In a free, fantastic style.
CAPRICIOUSCa*pri"cious, a. Etym: [Cf. F. capricleux, It. capriccioso.]
Defn: Governed or characterized by caprice; apt to change suddenly;freakish; whimsical; changeable. "Capricious poet." Shak. "Capricioushumor." Hugh Miller.A capricious partiality to the Romish practices. Hallam.
Syn.— Freakish; whimsical; fanciful; fickle; crotchety; fitful;wayward; changeable; unsteady; uncertain; inconstant; arbitrary.— Ca*pri"cious*ly, adv.— Ca*pri"cious*ness, n.
CAPRICORNCap"ri*corn, n. Etym: [L. capricornus; caper goat + cornu horn: cf.F. capricorne.]
1. (Astron.)
Defn: The tenth sign of zodiac, into which the sun enters at the winter solstice, about December 21. See Tropic. The sun was entered into Capricorn. Dryden.
2. (Astron.)
Defn: A southern constellation, represented on ancient monuments by the figure of a goat, or a figure with its fore part like a fish. Capricorn beetle (Zoöl.), any beetle of the family Carambucidæ; one of the long-horned beetles. The larvæ usually bore into the wood or bark of trees and shurbs and are often destructive. See Girdler, Pruner.
CAPRIDCap"rid, a. Etym: [L. caper, capra, goat.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the tribe of ruminants of which the goat, or genus Capra, is the type.
CAPRIFICATION Cap"ri*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. caprificatio, fr. caprificare to ripen figs by caprification, fr. caprificus the wild fig; caper goat + ficus fig.]
Defn: The practice of hanging, upon the cultivated fig tree, branches of the wild fig infested with minute hymenopterous insects.
Note: It is supposed that the little insects insure fertilization by carrying the pollen from the male flowers near the opening of the fig down to the female flowers, and also accelerate ripening the fruit by puncturing it. The practice has existed since ancient times, but its benefit has been disputed.
CAPRIFOLECap"ri*fole, n. Etym: [L. caper goat + folium leaf.]
Defn: The woodbine or honeysuckle. Spenser.
CAPRIFOLIACEOUSCap"ri*fo`li*a`ceous, a.
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the Honeysuckle family of plants (Caprifoliacæ.
CAPRIFORMCap"ri*form, a. Etym: [L. caper goat + -form.]
Defn: Having the form of a goat.
CAPRIGENOUS Ca*prig"e*nous, a. Etym: [L. caprigenus; caper goat + gegnere to produce.]
Defn: Of the goat kind.
CAPRINECap"rine, a. Etym: [L. caprinus.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to a goat; as, caprine gambols.
CAPRIOLE Cap"ri*ole, n. Etym: [F. capriole, cabriole, It. capriola, fr. L. caper goat. Cf. Caper, v. i. Cabriole, Caprice, Cheveril.]
1. (Man.)
Defn: A leap that a horse makes with all fours, upwards only, without advancing, but with a kick or jerk of the hind legs when at the height of the leap.
2. A leap or caper, as in dancing. "With lofty turns and caprioles." Sir J. Davies.
CAPRIOLECap"ri*ole, v. i.
Defn: To perform a capriole. Carlyle.
CAPRIPEDCap"ri*ped, a. Etym: [L. capripers; caper goat + pes pedis, foot.]
Defn: Having feet like those of a goat.
CAPROATECap"ro*ate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of caproic acid.
CAPROICCa*pro"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: See under Capric.
CAPRYLATECap"ry*late, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of caprylic acid.
CAPRYLICCa*pryl"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: See under Capric.
CAPSAICINCap*sa"i*cin, n. Etym: [From Capsicum.] (Chem.)
Defn: A colorless crystalline substance extracted from the Capsicum annuum, and giving off vapors of intense acridity.
CAPSHEAFCap"sheaf`, n.
Defn: The top sheaf of a stack of grain: (fig.) the crowning or finishing part of a thing.
CAPSICINCap"si*cin, n. Etym: [From Capsicum.] (Chem.)
Defn: A red liquid or soft resin extracted from various species of capsicum.
CAPSICINECap"si*cine, n. Etym: [From Capsicum.] (Chem.)
Defn: A valatile alkaloid extracted from Capsicum annuum or from capsicin.
CAPSICUMCap"si*cum, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. capsa box, chest.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of plants of many species, producing capsules or dry berries of various forms, which have an exceedingly pungent, biting taste, and when ground form the red of Cayenne pepper of commerce.
Note: The most important species are Capsicum baccatum or birs pepper. C, annuum or chili pepper, C. frutesens or spur pepper, and C. annuum or Guinea pepeer, which includes the bell pepper and other common garden varieties. The fruit is much used, both in its green and ripe state, in pickles and in cookery. See Cayenne pepper.
CAPSIZECap*size", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Capsized; p. pr. & vb. n.Capsizing.] Etym: [Cf. Sp. cabecear to nod, pitch, capuzar, chapuzar,to sink (a vessel) by the head; both fr. L. caput head.]
Defn: To upset or overturn, as a vessel or other body.But what if carrying sail capsize the boat Byron.
CAPSIZECap"size`, n.
Defn: An upset or overturn.
CAPSQUARECap"*square, n. (Gun.)
Defn: A metal covering plate which passes over the trunnions of a cannon, and holds it in place.
CAPSTAN Cap"stan, n. Etym: [F. cabestan, fr. Sp. cabestrante, cabrestante, fr. cabestrar to bind with a halter, fr. cabestrohalter, fr. L. capistrum halter, fr. capere to hold (see Capacious); or perh. the Spanish is fr. L. caper goat + stans, p. pr. of stare to stand; cf. F. chèvre she-goat, also a machine for raising heavy weights.]
Defn: A vertical cleated drum or cylinder, revolving on an upright spindle, and surmounted by a drumhead with sockets for bars or levers. It is much used, especially on shipboard, for moving or raising heavy weights or exerting great power by traction upon a rope or cable, passing around the drum. It is operated either by steam power or by a number of men walking around the capstan, each pushing on the end of a lever fixed in its socket. [Sometimes spelt Capstern, but improperly.] Capstan bar, one of the long bars or levers by which the capstan is worked; a handspike.. — To pawl the capstan, to drop the pawls so that they will catch in the notches of the pawl ring, and prevent the capstan from turning back. — To rig the capstan, to prepare the for use, by putting the bars in the sockets. — To surge the capstan, to slack the tension of the rope or cable wound around it.
CAPSTONECap"stone`, n. (Paleon.)
Defn: A fossil echinus of the genus Cannulus; — so called from its supposed resemblance to a cap.
CAPSULAR; CAPSULARYCap"su*lar, Cap"su*la*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. capsulaire.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to a capsule; having the nature of a capsula; hollow and fibrous. Capsular ligament (Anat.), a ligamentous bag or capsule surrounding many movable joints in the skeleton.
CAPSULATE; CAPSULATEDCap"su*late, Cap"su*la`ted, a.
Defn: Inclosed in a capsule, or as in a chest or box.
CAPSULE Cap"sule, n. Etym: [L. capsula a little box or chest, fr. capsa chest, case, fr. capere to take, contain: cf. F. capsule.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: a dry fruit or pod which is made up of several parts or carpels, and opens to discharge the seeds, as, the capsule of the poppy, the flax, the lily, etc.
2. (Chem.) (a) A small saucer of clay for roasting or melting samples of ores, etc.; a scorifier. (b) a small, shallow, evaporating dish, usually of porcelain.
3. (Med.)
Defn: A small cylindrical or spherical gelatinous envelope in which nauseous or acrid doses are inclosed to be swallowed.
4. (Anat.)
Defn: A membranous sac containing fluid, or investing an organ or joint; as, the capsule of the lens of the eye. Also, a capsulelike organ.
5. A metallic seal or cover for closing a bottle,
6. A small cup or shell, as of metal, for a percussion cap, cartridge, etc. Atrabiliary capsule. See under Atrabiliary. — Glisson's capsule, a membranous envelope, entering the liver along with the portal vessels and insheathing the latter in their course through the organ. — Suprarenal capsule, an organ of unknown function, above or in front of each kidney.
CAPSULITISCap`su*li"tis, n. [NL.; E. capsule + -itis.] (Med.)
Defn: Inflammation of a capsule, as that of the crystalline lens.
CAPSULOTOMYCap`su*lot"o*my, n. [Capsule + Gr. to cut.] (Surg.)
Defn: The incision of a capsule, esp. of that of the crystalline lens, as in a cataract operation.
CAPTAIN Cap"tain, n. Etym: [OE. capitain, captain, OF. capitain, F. capitaine (cf. Sp. capitan, It. capitano), LL. capitaneus, capitanus, fr. L. caput the head. See under Chief, and cf. Chieftain.]
1. A head, or chief officer; as: (a) The military officer who commands a company, troop, or battery, or who has the rank entitling him to do so though he may be employed on other service. (b) An officer in the United States navy, next above a commander and below a commodore, and ranking with a colonel in the ermy. (c) By courtesy, an officer actually commanding a vessel, although not having the rank of captain. (d) The master or commanding officer of a merchant vessel. (e) One in charge of a portion of a ship's company; as, a captain of a top, captain of a gun, etc. (f) The foreman of a body of workmen. (g) A person having authority over others acting in concert; as, the captain of a boat's crew; the captain of a football team. A trainband captain eke was he. Cowper. The Rhodian captain, relying on . . . the lightness of his vessel, passed, in open day, through all the guards. Arbuthnot.
2. A military leader; a warrior. Foremost captain of his time. Tennyson. Captain general. (a) The commander in chief of an army or armies, or of the militia. (b) The Spanish governor of Cuba and its dependent islands. — Captain lieutenant, a lieutenant with the rank and duties of captain but with a lieutenant's pay, — as in the first company of an English regiment.
CAPTAINCap"tain, v. t.
Defn: To act as captain of; to lead. [R.]Men who captained or accompanied the exodus from existing forms.Lowell.
CAPTAINCap"tain, a.
Defn: Chief; superior. [R.] captain jewes in the carcanet. Shak.
CAPTAINCYCap"tain*cy, n.; pl. Captaincies (.
Defn: The rank, post, or commission of a captain. Washington. Captaincy general, the office, power, teritory, or jurisdiction of a captain general; as, the captaincy general of La Habana (Cuba and its islands).
CAPTAINRYCap"tain*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. capitainerie.]
Defn: Power, or command, over a certain district; chieftainship.[Obs.]
CAPTAINSHIPCap"tain*ship, n.
1. The condition, rank, post, or authority of a captain or chief commander. "To take the captainship." Shak.
2. Military skill; as, to show good captainship.
CAPTATION Cap*ta`tion, n. Etym: [L. captatio, fr. captare to catch, intens of caper to take: cf. F. captation.]
Defn: A courting of favor or applause, by flattery or address; a captivating quality; an attraction. [Obs.] Without any of those dresses, or popular captations, which some men use in their speeches. Eikon Basilike.
CAPTION Cap"tion, n. Etym: [L. captio, fr. caper to take. In senses 3 and 4, perhaps confounded in meaning with L. caput a head. See Capacious.]
1. A caviling; a sophism. [Obs.] This doctrine is for caption and contradiction. Bacon.
2. The act of taking or arresting a person by judicial process. [R.] Bouvier.
3. (Law)
Defn: That part of a legal instrument, as a commission, indictment, etc., which shows where, when, and by what authority, it taken, found, or executed. Bouvier. Wharton.
4. The heading of a chapter, section, or page. [U. S.]
CAPTIOUSCap"tious, a. Etym: [F. captieux, L. captiosus. See Caption.]
1. Art to catch at faults; disposed to find fault or to cavil; eager to object; difficult to please. A captius and suspicious. Stillingfleet. I am sensible I have not disposed my materials to adbide the test of a captious controversy. Bwike.
2. Fitted to harass, perplex, or insnare; insidious; troublesome. Captious restraints on navigation. Bancroft.
Syn. — Caviling, carping, fault-finding; censorious; hypercritical; peevish, fretful; perverse; troublesome. — Captious, caviling, Carping. A captious person is one who has a fault-finding habit or manner, or is disposed to catch at faults, errors, etc., with quarrelsome intent; a caviling person is disposed to raise objections on frivolous grounds; carping implies that one is given to ill-natured, persistent, or unreasonable fault-finding, or picking up of the words or actions of others. Caviling is the carping of argument, carping the caviling of ill temper. C. J. Smith.
CAPTIOUSLYCap"tious*ly, adv.
Defn: In a captious manner.
CAPTIOUSNESSCap"tious*ness, n.
Defn: Captious disposition or manner.
CAPTIVATECap"ti*vate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Captivated; p. pr. & vb. n.Captivating.] Etym: [L. captivatus, p. p. of captivare to capture,fr. captivus captive. See Captive.]
1. To take prisoner; to capture; to subdue. [Obs.] Their woes whom fortune captivates. Shak.
2. To acquire ascendancy over by reason of some art or attraction; to fascinate; to charm; as, Cleopatra captivated Antony; the orator captivated all hearts. Small landscapes of captivating loveliness. W. Irving.
Syn. — To enslave; subdue; overpower; charm; enchant; bewitch; facinate; capture; lead captive.
CAPTIVATECap"ti*vate, p. a. Etym: [L. captivatus.]
Defn: Taken prisoner; made captive; insnared; charmed.Women have been captivate ere now. Shak.
CAPTIVATINGCap"ti*va`ting, a.
Defn: Having power to captivate or cham; fascinating; as, captivatingsmiles.— Cap"tiva`ting*ly, adv.
CAPTIVATIONCap"ti*va`tion, n. Etym: [L. capticatio.]
Defn: The act of captivating. [R.]The captivation of our understanding. Bp. Hall.
CAPTIVECap"tive, n. Etym: [L. captivus, fr. capere to take: cf. F. captif.See Caitiff.]
1. A prisoner taken by force or stratagem, esp., by an enemy, in war; one kept in bondage or in the power of another. Then, when I am thy captive, talk of chains. Milton.
2. One charmed or subdued by beaty, excellence, or affection; one who is captivated.
CAPTIVECap"tive, a.
1. Made prisoner, especially in war; held in bondage or in confinement. A poor, miserable, captive thrall. Milton.
2. Subdued by love; charmed; captivated. Even in so short a space, my wonan's heart Grossly grew captive to his honey words. Shak.
3. Of or pertaining to bondage or confinement; serving to confine; as, captive chains; captive hours.
CAPTIVECap"tive, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Captived; p. pr. & vb. n. Captiving.]
Defn: To take prisoner; to capture.Their inhabitans slaughtered and captived. Burke.
CAPTIVITYCap*tiv"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. captivitas: cf. F. captivité.]
1. The state of being a captive or a prisoner. More celebrated in his captivity that in his greatest triumphs. Dryden.
2. A state of being under control; subjection of the will or affections; bondage. Sink in the soft captivity together. Addison.
Syn. — Imprisonment; confinement; bondage; subjection; servitude; slavery; thralldom; serfdom.
CAPTORCap"tor, n. Etym: [L., a cather (of animals), fr. caper to take.]
Defn: One who captures any person or thing, as a prisoner or a prize.
CAPTURECap"ture, n. Etym: [L. capture, fr. caper to take: cf. F. capture.See Caitiff, and cf. aptive.]
1. The act of seizing by force, or getting possession of by superior power or by stratagem; as, the capture of an enemy, a vessel, or a criminal. Even with regard to captures made at sea. Bluckstone.
2. The securing of an object of strife or desire, as by the power of some attraction.
3. The thing taken by force, surprise, or stratagem; a prize; prey.
Syn.— Seizure; apprehension; arrest; detention.
CAPTURECap"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Captured; p. pr. & vb. n. Capturing.]
Defn: To seize or take possession of by force, surprise, or stratagem; to overcome and hold; to secure by effort. Her heart is like some fortress that has been captured. W. Ivring.
CAPUCCIOCa*puc"cio, n. Etym: [It. cappucio. See Capoch.]
Defn: A capoch or hood. [Obs.] Spenser.
CAPUCHEDCa*puched", a. Etym: [See Capoch.]
Defn: Cover with, or as with, a hood. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
CAPUCHIN Cap`u*chin", n. Etym: [F. capucin a monk who wears a cowl, fr. It. cappuccio hood. See Capoch.]
1. (Eccl.)
Defn: A Franciscan monk of the austere branch established in 1526 byMatteo di Baschi, distinguished by wearing the long pointed cowl orcapoch of St. Francis.A bare-footed and long-bearded capuchin. Sir W. Scott.
2. A garment for women, consisting of a cloak and hood, resembling, or supposed to resemble, that of capuchin monks.
3. (Zoöl.) (a) A long-tailed South American monkey (Cabus capucinus), having the forehead naked and wrinkled, with the hair on the crown reflexed and resembling a monk's cowl, the rest being of a grayish white; — called also capucine monkey, weeper, sajou, sapajou, and sai. (b) Other species of Cabus, as C. fatuellus (the brown or horned capucine.), C. albifrons (the cararara), and C. apella. (c) A variety of the domestic pigeon having a hoodlike tuft of feathers on the head and sides of the neck. Capuchin nun, one of an austere order of Franciscan nuns which came under Capuchin rule in 1538. The order had recently been founded by Maria Longa.
CAPUCINECap"u*cine, n.
Defn: See Capuchin, 3.
CAPULETCap"u*let, n. (Far.)
Defn: Same as Capellet.
CAPULINCap"u*lin, n. Etym: [Sp. capuli.]
Defn: The Mexican chery (Prunus Capollin).
CAPUTCa"put, n.; pl. Capita. Etym: [L., the head.]
1. (Anat.)
Defn: The head; also, a knoblike protuberance or capitulum.
2. The top or superior part of a thing.
3. (Eng.)
Defn: The council or ruling body of the University of Cambridge prior to the constitution of 1856. Your caputs and heads of colleges. Lamb. Caput mortuum (. Etym: [L., dead head.] (Old Chem.) The residuum after distillation or sublimation; hence, worthless residue.
CAPYBARACa`py*ba"ra, n. Etym: [Sp. capibara, fr. the native name.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A large South American rodent (Hydrochærus capybara) Living on the margins of lakes and rivers. It is the largest extant rodent, being about three feet long, and half that in height. It somewhat resembles the Guinea pig, to which it is related; — called also cabiai and water hog.
CAR Car, n. Etym: [OF. car, char, F. cahr, fr. L. carrus, Wagon: a Celtic word; cf. W. car, Armor. karr, Ir. & Gael. carr. cf. Chariot.]
1. A small vehicle moved on wheels; usually, one having but two wheels and drawn by one horse; a cart.
2. A vehicle adapted to the rails of a railroad. [U. S.]
Note: In England a railroad passenger car is called a railway carriage; a freight car a goods wagon; a platform car a goods truck; a baggage car a van. But styles of car introduced into England from America are called cars; as, tram car. Pullman car. See Train.
3. A chariot of war or of triumph; a vehicle of splendor, dignity, or solemnity. [Poetic]. The gilded car of day. Milton. The towering car, the sable steeds. Tennyson.
4. (Astron.)
Defn: The stars also called Charles's Wain, the Great Bear, or theDipper.The Pleiads, Hyads, and the Northern Car. Dryden.
5. The cage of a lift or elevator.
6. The basket, box, or cage suspended from a ballon to contain passengers, ballast, etc.
7. A floating perforated box for living fish. [U. S.] Car coupling, or Car coupler, a shackle or other device for connecting the cars in a railway train. [U. S.] — Dummy car (Railroad), a car containing its own steam power or locomotive. — Freight car (Railrood), a car for the transportation of merchandise or other goods. [U. S.] — Hand car (Railroad), a small car propelled by hand, used by railroad laborers, etc. [U. S.] — Horse car, or Street car, an ommibus car, draw by horses or other power upon rails laid in the streets. [U. S.] — Palace car, Drawing- room car, Sleeping car, Parior caretc. , (Railroad), cars especially designed and furnished for the comfort of travelers.
CARABAOCa`ra*ba"o, n. [Native name.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The water buffalo. [Phil. Islands]
CARABIDCar"a*bid, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the genus Carbus or family Carabidæ. — n.
Defn: One of the Carabidæ, a family of active insectivorous beetles.
CARABINECar"a*bine, n. (Mil.)
Defn: A carbine.
CARABINEERCar`a*bi*neer", n.
Defn: A carbineer.
CARABOIDCar"a*boid, a. Etym: [Carabus + -oid.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Like, or pertaining to the genus Carabus.
CARABUSCar"a*bus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of ground beetles, including numerous species. They devour many injurious insects.
CARACCar"ac, n.
Defn: See Carack.
CARACAL Car"a*cal, n. Etym: [F. caracal, fr. Turk garahgootag; garah black + goofag ear.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A lynx (Felis, or Lynx, caracal.) It is a native of Africa and Asia. Its ears are black externally, and tipped with long black hairs.
CARACARACa"`ra*ca"ra, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A south American bird of several species and genera, resembling both the eagles and the vultures. The caracaras act as scavengers, and are also called carrion buzzards.
Note: The black caracara is Ibycter ater; the chimango is Milvago chimango; the Brazilian is Polyborus Braziliensis.
CARACKCar"ack, n. Etym: [F. caraque (cf. Sp. & Pg. carraca, It. caracca.),LL. carraca, fr. L. carrus wagon; or perh. fr. Ar. qorqur (pl.qaraqir) a carack.] (Naut.)
Defn: A kind of large ship formerly used by the Spaniards andPortuguese in the East India trade; a galleon. [Spelt also carrack.]The bigger whale like some huge carrack law. Waller.
CARACOLE Car"a*cole, n. Etym: [F. caracole, caracol, fr. Sp. caracol snail, winding staircase, a wheeling about.]
1. (Man.)
Defn: A half turn which a horseman makes, either to the right or the left.
2. (Arch.)
Defn: A staircase in a spiral form. En caracole ( Etym: [F.], spiral; — said of a staircase.
CARACOLECar"a*cole, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Caracoled.] Etym: [Cf. F. caracoler.](Man.)
Defn: To move in a caracole, or in caracoles; to wheel.Prince John caracoled within the lists. Sir W. Scott.
CARACOLYCar"a*col`y, n.
Defn: An alloy of gold, silver, and copper, of which an inferior quality of jewerly is made.
CARACORE; CARACORACar"a*core, Car"a*co`ra, n. Etym: [Malay kurakura.]
Defn: A light vessel or proa used by the people of Borneo, etc., and by the Dutch in the East Indies.
CARACULCa`ra*cul", n.
Defn: Var. of Karakul, a kind of fur.
CARAFECa*rafe", n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: A glass water bottle for the table or toilet; — called also croft.
CARAGEEN; CARAGHEENCar"a*geen` or Car"a*gheen`, n.
Defn: See Carrageen.
CARAMBOLACa`ram*bo"la, n. (Bot.)
Defn: An East Indian tree (Averrhoa Carambola), and its acid, juicy fruit; called also Coromandel gooseberry.
CARAMEL Car"a*mel, n. Etym: [F. caramel (cf. Sp. caramelo), LL. canna mellis, cannamella, canamella, calamellus mellitus, sugar cane, from or confused with L. canna reed + mel, mellis, honey. See Cane.]
1. (Chem.)
Defn: Burnt sugar; a brown or black porous substance obtained by heating sugar. It is soluble in water, and is used for coloring spirits, gravies, etc.
2. A kind of confectionery, usually a small cube or square of tenacious paste, or candy, of varying composition and flavor.
CARANGOIDCa*ran"goid, a. Etym: [Caranx + -oid.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Belonging to the Carangidæ, a family of fishes allied to the mackerels, and including the caranx, American bluefish, and the pilot fish.
CARANXCa"ranx, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of fishes, common on the Atlantic coast, including the yellow or goldon mackerel.
CARAPACECar"a*pace, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The thick shell or sheild which cover the back of the tortoise, or turtle, the crab, and other crustaceous animals.
CARAPATOCa`ra*pa"to, n. Etym: [Pg. carrapato.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A south American tick of the genus Amblyamma. There are several species, very troublesome to man and beast.
CARAPAXCar"a*pax, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Carapace.
CARAT Car"at, n. Etym: [F. carat (cf. It. carato, OPg. quirate, Pg. & Sp. quilate), Ar. q bean or pea shell, a weight of four grins, a carat, fr. Gr. Horn.]
1. The weight by which precious stones and pearls are weighed.
Note: The carat equals three and one fifth grains Troy, and is divided into four grains, sometimes called carat grains. Diamonds and other precious stones are estimated by carats and fractions of carats, and pearls, usually, by carat grains. Titfany.
2. A twenty-fourth part; — a term used in estimating the proportionate fineness of gold.
Note: A mass of metal is said to be so many carats fine, according to the number of twenty-fourths of pure gold which it contains; as, 22 carats fine (goldsmith's standard) = 22 parts of gold, 1 of copper, and 1 of silver.
CARAVAN Car"a*van, n. Etym: [F. caravane (cf. Sp. caravana), fr. Per. karmwan a caravan (in sense 1). Cf. Van a wagon.]
1. A company of travelers, pilgrims, or merchants, organized and equipped for a long journey, or marching or traveling together, esp. through deserts and countries infested by robbers or hostile tribes, as in Asia or Africa.
2. A large, covered wagon, or a train of such wagons, for conveying wild beasts, etc., for exhibition; an itinerant show, as of wild beasts.
3. A covered vehicle for carrying passengers or for moving furniture, etc.; — sometimes shorted into van.
CARAVANEERCar`a*van*eer", n. Etym: [Cf. F. caravanier.]
Defn: The leader or driver of the camels in caravan.
CARAVANSARYCar`a*van"sa*ry, n.; pl. Caravansaries Etym: [F. caravansérai, fr.Per. karwansara\'8b; karwan caravan + -sara\'8b palace, large house,inn.]
Defn: A kind of inn, in the East, where caravans rest at night, being a large, rude, unfurnished building, surrounding a court. [Written also caravanserai and caravansera.]
CARAVEL Car"a*vel, n. Etym: [F. caravelle (cf. It. caravella, Sp. carabela), fr. Sp. caraba a kind of vessel, fr. L. carabus a kind of light boat, fr. Gr. [written also caravel and caravelle.] (Naut.)
Defn: A name given to several kinds of vessels. (a) The caravel of the 16th century was a small vessel with broad bows, high, narrow poop, four masts, and lateen sails. Columbus commanded three caravels on his great voyage. (b) A Portuguese vessel of 100 or 150 tons burden. (c) A small fishing boat used on the French coast. (d) A Turkish man-of-war.
CARAWAY Car"a*way, n. Etym: [F. carvi (cf. Sp. carvi and al-caravea, al- carahueya, Pg. al-caravia) fr. Ar. karawi\'befr. Gr. caraum.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: A biennial plant of the Parsley family (Carum Carui). The seeds have an aromatic smell, and a warm, pungent taste. They are used in cookery and confectionery, and also in medicine as a carminative.
2. A cake or sweetmeat containing caraway seeds. Caraways, or biscuits, or some other [comfits]. Cogan.
CARBAMICCar*bam"ic, a. Etym: [Carbon + amido.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to an acid so called. Carbamic acid (Chem.), an amido acid, NH2.CO2H, not existing in the free state, but occurring as a salt of ammonium in commercial ammonium carbonate; — called also amido formic acid.
CARBAMIDECar*bam"ide, n. Etym: [Carbonyl + amide.] (Chem.)
Defn: The technical name for urea.
CARBAMINECar*bam"ine, n. (Chem.)
Defn: An isocyanide of a hydrocarbon radical. The carbamines are liquids, usually colorless, and of unendurable odor.
CARBANILCar"ba*nil, n. Etym: [Carbonyl + aniline.] (Chem.)
Defn: A mobile liquid, CO.N.C6H5, of pungent odor. It is the phenyl salt of isocyanic acid.
CARBAZOLCar"ba*zol, n. Etym: [Carbon + azo + -ol.] (Chem.)
Defn: A white crystallized substance, C12H8NH, derived from aniline and other amines.
CARBAZOTATECar*baz"o*tate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of carbazotic or picric acid; a picrate.
CARBAZOTICCar`ba*zot"ic, a. Etym: [Carbon + azole.]
Defn: Containing, or derived from, carbon and nitrogen. Carbazotic acid (Chem.), picric acid. See under Picric.
CARBIDECar"bide, n. Etym: [Carbon + -ide.] (Chem.)
Defn: A binary compound of carbon with some other element or radical, in which the carbon plays the part of a negative; — formerly termed carburet.
CARBIMIDECar"bi*mide, n. Etym: [Carbon + imide] (Chem.)
Defn: The technical name for isocyanic acid. See under Isocyanic.
CARBINE Car"bine, n. Etym: [F. carbine, OF. calabrin carabineer (cf. Ot. calabrina a policeman), fr. OF & Pr. calabre, OF. cable, chable, an engine of war used in besieging, fr. LL. chadabula, cabulus, a kind of projectile machine, fr. Gr. Parable.] (Mil.)
Defn: A short, light musket or rifle, esp. one used by mounted soldiers or cavalry.
CARBINEERCar`bi*neer", n. Etym: [F. carabinier.] (Mil.)
Defn: A soldier armed with a carbine.
CARBINOLCar"bi*nol, n. Etym: [Carbin (Kolbe's name for the radical) + -ol.](Chem.)
Defn: Methyl alcohol, CH3OH; — also, by extension, any one in the homologous series of paraffine alcohols of which methyl alcohol is the type.
CARBOHYDRATECar`bo*hy"drate, n. Etym: [Carbon + hydrate.] (Physiol. Chem.)
Defn: One of a group of compounds including the sugars, starches, and gums, which contain six (or some multiple of six) carbon atoms, united with a variable number of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, but with the two latter always in proportion as to form water; as dextrose, C6H12O6.
CARBOHYDRIDECar`bo*hy"dride, n. Etym: [Carbon + hydrogen.] (Chem.)
Defn: A hydrocarbon.
CARBOLICCar*bol"ic, a. Etym: [L. carbo coal + oleum oil.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid derived from coal tar and other sources; as, carbolic acid (called also phenic acid, and phenol). See Phenol.
CARBOLIZECar"bo*lize, v. t. (Med.)
Defn: To apply carbonic acid to; to wash or treat with carbolic acid.
CARBONCar"bon, n. Etym: [F. carbone, fr. L. carbo coal; cf, Skr. (Chem.)
Defn: An elementary substance, not metallic in its nature, which is present in all organic compounds. Atomic weight 11.97. Symbol C. it is combustible, and forms the base of lampblack and charcoal, and enters largely into mineral coals. In its pure crystallized state it constitutes the diamond, the hardest of known substances, occuring in monometric crystals like the octahedron, etc. Another modification is graphite, or blacklead, and in this it is soft, and occurs in hexagonal prisms or tables. When united with oxygen it forms carbon dioxide, commonly called carbonic acid, or carbonic oxide, according to the proportions of the oxygen; when united with hydrogen, it forms various compounds called hydrocarbons. Compare Diamond, and Graphite. Carbon compounds, Compounds of carbon (Chem.), those compounds consisting largely of carbon, commonly produced by animals and plants, and hence called organic compounds, though their synthesis may be effected in many cases in the laboratory. The formation of the compounds of carbon is not dependent upon the life process. I. Remsen -Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide. (Chem.) See under Carbonic. — Carbon light (Elec.), an extremely brilliant electric light produced by passing a galvanic current through two carbon points kept constantly with their apexes neary in contact. — Carbon point (Elec.), a small cylinder or bit of gas carbon moved forward by clockwork so that, as it is burned away by the electric current, it shall contantly maintain its proper relation to the opposing point. — Carbon tissue, paper coated with gelatine and pigment, used in the autotype process of photography. Abney. — Gas carbon, a compact variety of carbon obtained as an incrustation on the interior of gas retorts, and used for the manufacture of the carbon rods of pencils for the voltaic, arc, and for the plates of voltaic batteries, etc.
CARBONACEOUSCar"bo*na`ceous, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, containing, or composed of, carbon.
CARBONADE; CARBONADO Car"bo*nade, Car`bo*na"do, n. Etym: [Cf. F. carbonnade, It. carbonata, Sp. carbonada, from L. carbo coal.] (Cookery)
Defn: Flesh, fowl, etc., cut across, seasoned, and broiled on coals; a chop. [Obs.]
CARBONADO; CARBONADE Car`bo*na"do, Car"bo*nade, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carbonadoed; p. pr. & vb. n. Carbonadoing.]
1. To cut (meat) across for frying or broiling; to cut or slice and broil. [Obs.] A short-legged hen daintily carbonadoed. Bean. & Fl.
2. To cut or hack, as in fighting. [Obs.] I'll so carbonado your shanks. Shak.
CARBONADOCar`bo*na"do, n.; pl. Carbonadoes. Etym: [Pg., carbonated.] (Min.)
Defn: A black variety of diamond, found in Brazil, and used for diamond drills. It occurs in irregular or rounded fragments, rarely distinctly crystallized, with a texture varying from compact to porous.
CARBONARISMCar`bo*na"rism, n.
Defn: The principles, practices, or organization of the Carbonari.
CARBONAROCar`bo*na"ro, n.; pl. Carbonari. Etym: [It., a coal man.]
Defn: A member of a secret political association in Italy, organized in the early part of the nineteenth centry for the purpose of changing the government into a republic.
Note: The origin of the Carbonari is uncertain, but the society is said to have first met, in 1808, among the charcoal burners of the mountains, whose phraseology they adopted.
CARBONATATIONCar`bon*a*ta"tion, n. Etym: [From Carbonate.] (Sugar Making)
Defn: The saturation of defecated beet juice with carbonic acid gas.Knight.
CARBONATECar"bon*ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. carbonate.] (Chem.)
Defn: A salt or carbonic acid, as in limestone, some forms of lead ore, etc.
CARBONATEDCar"bon*a`ted, a.
Defn: Combined or impregnated with carbonic acid.
CARBONECar"bone, v. t. Etym: [See Carbonado.]
Defn: To broil. [Obs.] "We had a calf's head carboned". Pepys.
CARBONICCar*bon"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. carbonique. See Carbon.] (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, carbon; as, carbonic oxide. Carbonic acid (Chem.), an acid H2CO3, not existing separately, which, combined with positive or basic atoms or radicals, forms carbonates. On common language the term is very generally applied to a compound of carbon and oxygen, CO2, more correctly called carbon dioxide. It is a colorless, heavy, irrespirable gas, extinguishing flame, and when breathed destroys life. It can be reduced to a liquid and solid form by intense pressure. It is produced in the fermentation of liquors, and by the combustion and decomposition of organic substances, or other substances containing carbon. It is formed in the explosion of fire damp in mines, and is hance called after damp; it is also know as choke damp, and mephilic air. Water will absorb its own volume of it, and more than this under pressure, and in this state becomes the common soda water of the shops, and the carbonated water of natural springs. Combined with lime it constitutes limestone, or common marble and chalk. Plants imbibe it for their nutrition and growth, the carbon being retained and the oxygen given out. — Carbonic oxide (Chem.), a colorless gas, CO, of a light odor, called more correctly carbon monoxide. It is almost the only definitely known compound in which carbon seems to be divalent. It is a product of the incomplete combustion of carbon, and is an abundant constituent of water gas. It is fatal to animal life, extinguishes combustion, and burns with a pale blue flame, forming carbon dioxide.
CARBONIDECar"bon*ide, n.
Defn: A carbide. [R.]
CARBONIFEROUSCar`bon*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Carbon + -ferous.]
Defn: Producing or containing carbon or coal. Carboniferous age (Geol.), the age immediately following the Devonian, or Age of fishes, and characterized by the vegatation which formed the coal beds. This age embraces three periods, the Subcarboniferous, the Carboniferous, and Permian. See Age of acrogens, under Acrogen. — Carboniferous formation (Geol.), the series of rocks (including sandstones, shales, limestones, and conglomerates, with beds of coal) which make up the strata of the Carboniferous age or period. See the Diagram under Geology.
CARBONITECar"bon*ite, n. [Carbon + -ite.]
1.
Defn: An explosive consisting essentially of nitroglycerin, wood meal, and some nitrate, as that of sodium.
2. An explosive composed of nitrobenzene, saltpeter, sulphur, and kieselguhr.
CARBONIZATIONCar`bon*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. carbonisation.]
Defn: The act or process of carbonizing.
CARBONIZECar"bon*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carbonized; p. pr. & vb. n.Carbonizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. carboniser.]
1. To cover (an animal or vegatable substance) into a residue of carbon by the action of fire or some corrosive agent; to char.
2. To impregnate or combine with carbon, as in making steel by cementation.
CARBONOMETERCar`bon*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Carbon + -meter.]
Defn: An instrument for detecting and measuring the amount of carbon which is present, or more esp. the amount of carbon dioxide, by its action on limewater or by other means.
CARBON PROCESSCar"bon process. (Photog.)
Defn: A printing process depending on the effect of light on bichromatized gelatin. Paper coated with a mixture of the gelatin and a pigment is called carbon paper or carbon tissue. This is exposed under a negative and the film is transferred from the paper to some other support and developed by washing (the unexposed portions being dissolved away). If the process stops here it is called single transfer; if the image is afterward transferred in order to give an unreversed print, the method is called double transfer.
CARBON STEELCarbon steel.
Defn: Steel deriving its qualities from carbon chiefly, without the presence of other alloying elements; —opposed to alloy steel.
CARBON TRANSMITTERCarbon transmitter.
Defn: A telephone transmitter in which a carbon contact is used.
CARBONYLCar"bon*yl, n. Etym: [Carbon + -yl.] (Chem.)
Defn: The radical (CO)'\'b7, occuring, always combined, in many compounds, as the aldehydes, the ketones, urea, carbonyl chloride, etc.
Note: Though denoted by a formula identical with that of carbon monoxide, it is chemically distinct, as carbon seems to be divalent in carbon monoxide, but tetravalent in carbonyl compounds. Carbonyl chloride (Chem.), a colorless gas, COCl2, of offensive odor, and easily condensable to liquid. It is formed from chlorine and carbon monoxide, under the influence of light, and hence has been called phosgene gas; — called also carbon oxychloride.
CARBORUNDUMCar`bo*run"dum, [Carbon + corundum.]
Defn: A beautiful crystalline compound, SiC, consisting of carbon and silicon in combination; carbon silicide. It is made by heating carbon and sand together in an electric furnace. The commercial article is dark-colored and iridescent. It is harder than emery, and is used as an abrasive.
CARBORUNDUM CLOTH; CARBORUNDUM PAPERCarborundum cloth or paper.
Defn: Cloth or paper covered with powdered carborundum.
CARBOSTYRILCar`bo*sty"ril, n. Etym: [Carbon + styrene.]
Defn: A white crystalline substance, C9H6N.OH, of acid properties derived from one of the amido cinnamic acids.
CARBOXIDECar*box"ide, n. Etym: [Carbon + oxide.] (Chem.)
Defn: A compound of carbon and oxygen, as carbonyl, with some element or radical; as, potassium carboxide. Potassium carboxide, a grayish explosive crystalline compound, C6O6K, obtained by passing carbon monoxide over heated potassium.
CARBOXYLCar*box"yl, n. Etym: [Carbon + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.)
Defn: The complex radical, CO.OH, regarded as the essential and characteristic constituent which all oxygen acids of carbon (as formic, acetic, benzoic acids, etc.) have in common; — called also oxatyl.
CARBOY Car"boy, n. Etym: [Cf. Ir. & Gael carb basket; or Pers qurabah a sort of bottle.]
Defn: A large, globular glass bottle, esp. one of green glass, inclosed in basket work or in a box, for protection; — used commonly for carrying corrosive liquids; as sulphuric acid, etc.
CARBUNCLE Car"bun*cle, n. Etym: [L. carbunculus a little coal, a bright kind of precious stone, a kind of tumor, dim. of carbo coal: cf. F. carboncle. See Carbon.]
1. (Min.)
Defn: A beautiful gem of a deep red color (with a mixture of scarlet) called by the Greeks anthrax; found in the East Indies. When held up to the sun, it loses its deep tinge, and becomes of the color of burning coal. The name belongs for the most part to ruby sapphire, though it has been also given to red spinel and garnet.
2. (Med.)
Defn: A very painful acute local inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue, esp. of the trunk or back of the neck, characterized by brawny hardness of the affected parts, sloughing of the skin and deeper tissues, and marked constitutional depression. It differs from a boil in size, tendency to spread, and the absence of a central core, and is frequently fatal. It is also called anthrax.
3. (Her.)