The Project Gutenberg eBook ofWest Virginia TreesThis ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online atwww.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.Title: West Virginia TreesAuthor: A. B. BrooksRelease date: November 2, 2016 [eBook #53433]Most recently updated: October 23, 2024Language: EnglishCredits: Produced by Cindy Horton, Les Galloway and the OnlineDistributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (Thisfile was produced from images generously made availableby The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WEST VIRGINIA TREES ***
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online atwww.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.
Title: West Virginia TreesAuthor: A. B. BrooksRelease date: November 2, 2016 [eBook #53433]Most recently updated: October 23, 2024Language: EnglishCredits: Produced by Cindy Horton, Les Galloway and the OnlineDistributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (Thisfile was produced from images generously made availableby The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
Title: West Virginia Trees
Author: A. B. Brooks
Author: A. B. Brooks
Release date: November 2, 2016 [eBook #53433]Most recently updated: October 23, 2024
Language: English
Credits: Produced by Cindy Horton, Les Galloway and the OnlineDistributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (Thisfile was produced from images generously made availableby The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WEST VIRGINIA TREES ***
WEST VIRGINIA TREESBULLETIN 175Agricultural Experiment StationCollege of Agriculture
WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY
Morgantown
JOHN LEE COULTER, Director
Bulletin 175September, 1920
Agricultural Experiment Station
College of Agriculture, West Virginia University
JOHN LEE COULTER, Director,MORGANTOWN
A Stand of Young White Pines.
A Stand of Young White Pines.
BYA. B. BROOKS
Bulletins and Reports of this Station will be mailed free to any citizen of West Virginia upon written application. Address Director of the West Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, Morgantown, W. Va.
THE STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA
Educational Institutions
THE STATE BOARD OF CONTROLE. B. STEPHENSON, PresidentCharleston, W. Va.JAMES S. LAKINCharleston, W. Va.J. M. WILLIAMSONCharleston, W. Va.The State Board of Control has the direction of the financial and business affairs of the state educational institutions.THE STATE BOARD OF EDUCATIONM. P. SHAWKEY, PresidentCharleston, W. Va.State Superintendent of SchoolsGEORGE S. LAIDLEYCharleston, W. Va.NOAH G. KEIMElkins, W. Va.EARL W. OGLEBAYWheeling, W. Va.FRANK N. SYCAFOOSEWebster Springs, W. Va.L. W. BURNSGrafton, W. Va.W. C. COOKWelch, W. Va.The State Board of Education has charge of all matters of a purely scholastic nature concerning the state educational institutions.WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITYFRANK BUTLER TROTTER, LL.D.PresidentAgricultural Experiment Station StaffJOHN LEE COULTER, A.M., Ph.D.DirectorBERT H. HITE, M.S.Vice-Director and ChemistFRANK B. KUNST, A.B.Assistant ChemistCHARLES E. WEAKLEY, Jr.Assistant ChemistW. E. RUMSEY, B.S.Agr.State EntomologistN. J. GIDDINGS, Ph.D.Plant PathologistANTHONY BERG, B.S.Assistant Plant PathologistERNEST L. ANTHONY, M.S.DairymanH. O. HENDERSON, M.S.Assistant DairymanHORACE ATWOOD, M.S.Agr.Poultry ResearchE. L. ANDREWS, B.S.Agr.Assistant in Poultry HusbandryROBERT M. SALTER, M.Sc.Soil InvestigationsR. E. STEPHENSON, M.S.Assistant in Soil InvestigationsI. S. COOK, Jr., B.S.Agr.Research AgronomistT. C. McILVANE, M.S.Agr.Assistant AgronomistR. P. BLEDSOE, M.S.Assistant AgronomistJ. K. SHAW, Ph.D.HorticulturistH. A. JONES, Ph.D.Assistant HorticulturistL. F. SUTTON, B.S., B.S.Agr.Assistant HorticulturistH. E. KNOWLTON, B.S.Agr.Assistant HorticulturistH. L. CRANE, M.S.Agr.Assistant HorticulturistROLAND H. PATCH, M.S.Assistant HorticulturistH. W. RICHEY, B.S.Agr.Assistant HorticulturistERNEST ANGELO, B.S.Agr.Assistant HorticulturistL. M. PEAIRS, M.S.Research EntomologistE. A. LIVESAY, M.S.Agr..Animal Husbandry1R. H. TUCKWILLER, B.S.Agr.Assistant in Animal HusbandryC. V. WILSON, B.S.Agr.Assistant in Animal HusbandryA. J. DADISMAN, M.S.Agr.Farm EconomicsC. A LUEDER, D.V.M.Veterinary ScienceC. E. STOCKDALE, B.S.Agr.Agricultural EditorD. M. WILLIS, LL.M.Financial SecretaryJ. C. JOHNSTONChief ClerkMARY A. FOXAssistant Librarian
1In co-operation with U. S. Dept. of Agriculture.
1In co-operation with U. S. Dept. of Agriculture.
The native trees of West Virginia number about 125, of which 101 are described and illustrated in this publication. The omissions are principally species of unimportant willows and hawthorns which can be identified only by specialists. Some of the more common introduced trees are mentioned in the family descriptions on pages 13 to 27, and a few are illustrated in groups after the descriptions of native species. It has been the object to simplify everything in this publication as much as possible. The meaning of unfamiliar words in the keys and descriptions can be learned by consulting the glossary beginning on page237.
The keys are based principally on characters of leaf and fruit since these are usually available for study during several months in the summer and fall. The text, however, contains brief descriptions of the flowers which often denote most surely the natural relationship of species.
Scientific names and the order of arrangement are essentially those of the seventh edition of Gray’s New Manual of Botany.
The drawings were made by the writer from specimens collected during the past few years.
This bulletin has been prepared mainly for those who desire to become more familiar with our native and introduced trees, but who do not have access to the larger publications on the subject. It will serve also as a basis for future forestry studies in the State. Popular interest in forestry, which is sadly lacking in West Virginia at this time, will be stimulated by a more general and more intimate acquaintance with the different kinds of trees. It is hoped that this bulletin will help to create the needed interest. If difficulty is found in determining the name of any tree, specimens mailed to the West Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, Morgantown, West Virginia, will be named, if possible, without charge.
—A.B. BROOKS.
Morgantown, W. Va.September 1, 1920.
PagePreface3Contents4Key to Genera7Pinaceae—The Pine Family13Salicaceae—The Willow Family14Juglandaceae—The Walnut Family15Betulaceae—The Birch Family16Fagaceae—The Beech Family17Urticaceae—The Nettle Family19Magnoliaceae—The Magnolia Family20Anonaceae—The Custard Apple Family20Lauraceae—The Laurel Family21Hamamelidaceae—The Witch Hazel Family21Platanaceae—The Plane Tree Family21Rosaceae—The Rose Family21Leguminosae—The Pulse Family22Rutaceae—The Rue Family23Simarubaceae—The Quassia Family23Anacardiaceae—The Cashew Family23Aquifoliaceae-The Holly Family24Aceraceae—The Maple Family24Sapindaceae—The Soapberry Family25Tiliaceae—The Linden Family25Araliaceae—The Ginseng Family25Cornaceae—The Dogwood Family25Ericaceae—The Heath Family25Ebenaceae—The Ebony Family26Styracaceae—The Storax Family26Oleaceae—The Olive Family26Caprifoliaceae—The Honeysuckle Family27White Pine29Pitch Pine31Table Mountain Pine33Yellow Pine35Jersey or Scrub Pine37Tamarack39Red Spruce41Hemlock43Balsam Fir45Arbor Vitae47Red Cedar49Black Willow51American Aspen53Large-toothed Poplar55Cottonwood57Butternut59Black Walnut61Shell-Bark Hickory63Big Shell-Bark Hickory65Mockernut Hickory67Pignut Hickory69Bitternut Hickory71Hop Hornbeam73American Hornbeam75Black Birch77Yellow Birch79Red Birch81Beech83Chestnut85Chinquapin87White Oak89Post Oak91Bur Oak93Swamp White Oak95Yellow Oak97Chestnut Oak99Red Oak101Pin Oak103Scarlet Oak105Black Oak107Spanish Oak109Scrub Oak111Black Jack Oak113Laurel Oak115Slippery Elm117American Elm119Hackberry121Red Mulberry123Cucumber Tree125Umbrella Tree127Mountain Magnolia129Tulip Tree131Common Pawpaw133Sassafras135Witch Hazel137Sweet Gum139Sycamore141American Crab Apple143Mountain Ash145Shad Bush147Cockspur Thorn149Dotted Thorn151Black Cherry153Choke Cherry155Wild Red Cherry157Wild Plum159Honey Locust161Red Bud163Common Locust165Hop Tree167Stag Horn Sumach169Dwarf Sumach171Poison Sumach173American Holly175Mountain Holly177Striped Maple179Mountain Maple181Sugar Maple183Black Sugar Maple185Silver Maple187Red Maple189Box Elder191Fetid Buckeye193Sweet Buckeye195Basswood197White Basswood199Hercules Club201Flowering Dogwood203Alternate-Leaved Dogwood205Black Gum207Great Laurel209Mountain Laurel211Sour-wood213Common Persimmon215Opossum Wood217White Ash219Red Ash221Black Ash223Fringe Tree225Sweet Viburnum227Black Haw229Red Pine230Scotch Pine230Bald Cypress230European Larch230Norway Spruce230White Willow230Osage Orange230Norway Maple231Sycamore Maple231Gray Birch231Horse Chestnut231Catalpa231Tree of Heaven231Kentucky Coffee Tree231Native Shrubs and Shrubby Vines232Glossary237
By A. B. BROOKS
(Based on leaves and fruit)