Office Supt. Indian Affairs, Salem, Oregon, May 23, 1870.Sir:—Having just returned from an official visit to Grand Ronde Reservation, I desire to call attention to a few items that are of importance:—First.The Indians have an unusual crop in prospect.Second.They fully realize the advantages to result from having lands allotted in severalty, and therefrom arise questions which I propose to submit. (See paper marked “A.”)Third.The mills built fifteen years since are totally unfit for service, for the reason that they were not located with good judgment, in this that they were built on a low, flat, muddy piece of river bottom, composed of alluvial deposit that washes away almost like sand or snow, having neither “bed rock nor hard pan” for foundation, constantly settling out of shape and damaging machinery, besides being threatened with destruction at every overflow.The lower frames of both mills, but more especially that of the saw-mill, are so rotten that they would not stand alone if the props and refuse slates from the saw were removed.The flour mill is a huge, unfinished structure, supported on wooden blocks or stilts, and double the proper dimension, with an old patched-up wooden water-wheel that has been a constant bill of expense for ten years; machinery all worn out, even the bolting apparatus rat-eaten and worthless, but with one 42-inch French Burr, that, together with mandril, are as good as new.The saw-mill is the old-fashioned “Single Sash” with flutter wheel, only capable, when in best repair, of making 600 to 1,000 feet of lumber per day; but utterly worthless at present for several reasons, the chief of which is want ofwater. The “dam” was originally built about one-quarter of a mile above the mills, at an enormous expense to Government, across a stream (that is fourtimes as large as need be for such mill purposes), with soft, flat alluvial porous banks and mud bottom.The history of said dam is, that it has brokentwenty timesin fourteen years, each time carrying awaymudenough at the ends of the dam to make room for each successive freshet.Ibelieve that history, since inspecting the “works,” as evidence is in sight to show where thousands of days’ work have been done, and many greenbacks “sunk.”I called to my assistance Agent Lafollette and George Tillottson, of Dallas, Polk County, a man acknowledged to be the most successful and practical mill-builder in our State, who stands unimpeached as a gentleman of honesty and candor. The result of the conference was, that it would require $5,000 to build a dam that would be permanent; that all the lower frame-work of both mills would require rebuilding at a cost of $2,000, and that at least $1,000 would be required to put machinery in good working condition; and, when all was done, these people would have only tolerable good old mills, patched up at a cost of $8,000.But mills are indispensable civilizers, andmustbe built. I am determined to start these Indians off on the new track in good shape.There are three several branches coming in above the old mills, any one of which has abundant motive power. On one of these creeks a fall of thirty feet can be obtained by cutting a race at the bend of a rocky cascade, taking the water away from the danger of freshets, and building the mills on good, solid foundations, convenient of access by farmers and to unlimited forests of timber.Mr. Tillottson estimates the total cost of removing the old mills and such parts as are useful, and rebuilding on the new site a first-rate No. 1 double circular saw-mill, with Laffelle turbine water-wheel, all the modern improvements attached; same kind of water-wheel for flour-mill, with new bolting apparatus, etc., at about $4,000, exclusive of Indian labor.I submitted, in full council, to the agent and Indians, the proposition to apply funds already appropriated for the repair of agency buildings, a portion of the Umpqua and Calapooia School Fund, that has accumulated to upwards of $5,000, and so much of Annuity Fund as may be necessary to this enterprise, on the condition that the Indians were to do all but the “mechanical work.”The matter was fully explained, and, without a dissenting voice, they voted to have the mills, if furnished tools, beef and flour.The agent has now on hand a considerable amount of flour. For beef, I propose to use a number of the old, worn-out oxen, as they are now fifteen or twenty years old, worthless for work and dying off with old age.To sum up, I have put this enterprise in motion, and propose to have the new saw-mill making lumber in sixty days, and the flour-mill grinding in ninety days.I now ask permission to apply the funds I have named to this object, fully satisfied in my own mind that it is for the benefit of these people. If it cannot be granted, then I will insist on funds, that may be so applied, being furnished from the general funds of the department. These Indiansmusthave a mill; besides, it would reflect on the present administration of Indian affairs, to turn them over to the world without that indispensable appurtenance of civilization.Klamath Mill is a monument of pride, and has done much to redeem the reputation of our department; and I propose, when I retire, to leave every reservation supplied with substantial improvements of like character. Klamath flour-mill is now under way, and will grind the growing crops.Going out of the ordinary groove, and wishing you to be fully posted about such transactions, is my apology for inflicting this long communication.Very respectfully,Your obedient servant,A. B. MEACHAM,Supt. Indian Affairs in Oregon.Hon. E. D. Parker,Commissioner, etc., Washington, D. C.
Office Supt. Indian Affairs, Salem, Oregon, May 23, 1870.
Sir:—Having just returned from an official visit to Grand Ronde Reservation, I desire to call attention to a few items that are of importance:—
First.The Indians have an unusual crop in prospect.
Second.They fully realize the advantages to result from having lands allotted in severalty, and therefrom arise questions which I propose to submit. (See paper marked “A.”)
Third.The mills built fifteen years since are totally unfit for service, for the reason that they were not located with good judgment, in this that they were built on a low, flat, muddy piece of river bottom, composed of alluvial deposit that washes away almost like sand or snow, having neither “bed rock nor hard pan” for foundation, constantly settling out of shape and damaging machinery, besides being threatened with destruction at every overflow.
The lower frames of both mills, but more especially that of the saw-mill, are so rotten that they would not stand alone if the props and refuse slates from the saw were removed.
The flour mill is a huge, unfinished structure, supported on wooden blocks or stilts, and double the proper dimension, with an old patched-up wooden water-wheel that has been a constant bill of expense for ten years; machinery all worn out, even the bolting apparatus rat-eaten and worthless, but with one 42-inch French Burr, that, together with mandril, are as good as new.
The saw-mill is the old-fashioned “Single Sash” with flutter wheel, only capable, when in best repair, of making 600 to 1,000 feet of lumber per day; but utterly worthless at present for several reasons, the chief of which is want ofwater. The “dam” was originally built about one-quarter of a mile above the mills, at an enormous expense to Government, across a stream (that is fourtimes as large as need be for such mill purposes), with soft, flat alluvial porous banks and mud bottom.
The history of said dam is, that it has brokentwenty timesin fourteen years, each time carrying awaymudenough at the ends of the dam to make room for each successive freshet.
Ibelieve that history, since inspecting the “works,” as evidence is in sight to show where thousands of days’ work have been done, and many greenbacks “sunk.”
I called to my assistance Agent Lafollette and George Tillottson, of Dallas, Polk County, a man acknowledged to be the most successful and practical mill-builder in our State, who stands unimpeached as a gentleman of honesty and candor. The result of the conference was, that it would require $5,000 to build a dam that would be permanent; that all the lower frame-work of both mills would require rebuilding at a cost of $2,000, and that at least $1,000 would be required to put machinery in good working condition; and, when all was done, these people would have only tolerable good old mills, patched up at a cost of $8,000.
But mills are indispensable civilizers, andmustbe built. I am determined to start these Indians off on the new track in good shape.
There are three several branches coming in above the old mills, any one of which has abundant motive power. On one of these creeks a fall of thirty feet can be obtained by cutting a race at the bend of a rocky cascade, taking the water away from the danger of freshets, and building the mills on good, solid foundations, convenient of access by farmers and to unlimited forests of timber.
Mr. Tillottson estimates the total cost of removing the old mills and such parts as are useful, and rebuilding on the new site a first-rate No. 1 double circular saw-mill, with Laffelle turbine water-wheel, all the modern improvements attached; same kind of water-wheel for flour-mill, with new bolting apparatus, etc., at about $4,000, exclusive of Indian labor.
I submitted, in full council, to the agent and Indians, the proposition to apply funds already appropriated for the repair of agency buildings, a portion of the Umpqua and Calapooia School Fund, that has accumulated to upwards of $5,000, and so much of Annuity Fund as may be necessary to this enterprise, on the condition that the Indians were to do all but the “mechanical work.”
The matter was fully explained, and, without a dissenting voice, they voted to have the mills, if furnished tools, beef and flour.
The agent has now on hand a considerable amount of flour. For beef, I propose to use a number of the old, worn-out oxen, as they are now fifteen or twenty years old, worthless for work and dying off with old age.
To sum up, I have put this enterprise in motion, and propose to have the new saw-mill making lumber in sixty days, and the flour-mill grinding in ninety days.
I now ask permission to apply the funds I have named to this object, fully satisfied in my own mind that it is for the benefit of these people. If it cannot be granted, then I will insist on funds, that may be so applied, being furnished from the general funds of the department. These Indiansmusthave a mill; besides, it would reflect on the present administration of Indian affairs, to turn them over to the world without that indispensable appurtenance of civilization.
Klamath Mill is a monument of pride, and has done much to redeem the reputation of our department; and I propose, when I retire, to leave every reservation supplied with substantial improvements of like character. Klamath flour-mill is now under way, and will grind the growing crops.
Going out of the ordinary groove, and wishing you to be fully posted about such transactions, is my apology for inflicting this long communication.
Very respectfully,Your obedient servant,A. B. MEACHAM,Supt. Indian Affairs in Oregon.
Hon. E. D. Parker,Commissioner, etc., Washington, D. C.
“A.”
I respectfully ask for instruction in regard to Indian lands; and as the time for allotment is near at hand, it is necessary that some points be settled, for instance:—First.Where there is more land suitable for settlement on areservation than is required to fulfil treaty stipulations, shall more than the said stipulated number of acres be set apart to the individual Indian?Some of the reservations will have an excess, and others will fall short of the amount required to comply with treaty stipulations. In some instances, where the excess is small, it would seem proper to dividepro rata. It does not appear that any of these tribes are on theincrease; hence no necessity exists for lands to be held in reserve to any considerable amount for future allotment. When possible, I would favor giving them more than the treaty calls for.Second.When less land than is necessary to comply with treaty is found, must the number of acres be cut down so that a proportionate allotment can be made? Or may unoccupied government lands outside be allotted to Indians belonging to the reservation?Instances will occur of this kind, as at Warm Springs, where insufficient lands can be found, and a few families who are well advanced and capable of taking care of themselves could be located outside. I am in favor of that plan, and suggest, if approved, some instructions be given the land officers, so that said location can be legally made.Third.May Indians not on reservation be allotted lands on reservation, and may they be allotted government lands not on reservation?There are Indians in this State, that have never yet been brought in, that can be induced to locate under the system of allotment. And when all parties consent, they should be allowed to do so. Again, some of these people have advanced sufficiently, by being among white persons, to locate and appreciate a home. And there are a few instances where the whites would not object to their being located among them.Theymust have homesallotted them somewhere, and the sooner it is done the better for the Indians.Fourth.Are not Indians who have never been on reservation, citizens, under late amendments to the constitution; and have they not the right, without further legislation, to locate lands, and do all other acts that other citizens may rightfully do?I am fully aware of the political magnitude of this question; but while I am “superintendent” for the Indians in Oregon, theyshall have all their rights if in my power to secure them, whether on or off reservations.Fifth.Are white men or half-breeds, who are husbands of Indian women, who do now belong, or have belonged, to any reservation, considered as Indians, by virtue of their marriage to said Indian women in making the allotment of lands?I understand that all half-breed men living with Indians on reservations are considered Indians (but always allowed, nevertheless, to vote at allwhite men’s elections). But there are several Indian women, in various parts of the country, who are married to white and half-breed men, and the question is asked, whether they are not entitled to land.Again, there are Indian women living with white men, but not married, who have children that should have some provision made for them.Sixth.May the allotment be made immediately on completion of survey, without waiting for survey to be approved?For many reasons it is desirable that the allotment be made as early as possible, so that the people may prepare for winter. They are very impatient, and I hope no unnecessary delay will be made.Seventh.Is a record to be made by and in local land office of surveys and several allotments? Is record of allotment to be made in county records, and if so, how is the expense to be met?These people are soon to be as other citizens, and stand on equal footing. I have no doubt about the propriety and necessity for making these records, but so as to close up all the gaps, I want to be instructed to have it done.A. B. MEACHAM,Superintendent Indian Affairs in Oregon.
I respectfully ask for instruction in regard to Indian lands; and as the time for allotment is near at hand, it is necessary that some points be settled, for instance:—
First.Where there is more land suitable for settlement on areservation than is required to fulfil treaty stipulations, shall more than the said stipulated number of acres be set apart to the individual Indian?
Some of the reservations will have an excess, and others will fall short of the amount required to comply with treaty stipulations. In some instances, where the excess is small, it would seem proper to dividepro rata. It does not appear that any of these tribes are on theincrease; hence no necessity exists for lands to be held in reserve to any considerable amount for future allotment. When possible, I would favor giving them more than the treaty calls for.
Second.When less land than is necessary to comply with treaty is found, must the number of acres be cut down so that a proportionate allotment can be made? Or may unoccupied government lands outside be allotted to Indians belonging to the reservation?
Instances will occur of this kind, as at Warm Springs, where insufficient lands can be found, and a few families who are well advanced and capable of taking care of themselves could be located outside. I am in favor of that plan, and suggest, if approved, some instructions be given the land officers, so that said location can be legally made.
Third.May Indians not on reservation be allotted lands on reservation, and may they be allotted government lands not on reservation?
There are Indians in this State, that have never yet been brought in, that can be induced to locate under the system of allotment. And when all parties consent, they should be allowed to do so. Again, some of these people have advanced sufficiently, by being among white persons, to locate and appreciate a home. And there are a few instances where the whites would not object to their being located among them.
Theymust have homesallotted them somewhere, and the sooner it is done the better for the Indians.
Fourth.Are not Indians who have never been on reservation, citizens, under late amendments to the constitution; and have they not the right, without further legislation, to locate lands, and do all other acts that other citizens may rightfully do?
I am fully aware of the political magnitude of this question; but while I am “superintendent” for the Indians in Oregon, theyshall have all their rights if in my power to secure them, whether on or off reservations.
Fifth.Are white men or half-breeds, who are husbands of Indian women, who do now belong, or have belonged, to any reservation, considered as Indians, by virtue of their marriage to said Indian women in making the allotment of lands?
I understand that all half-breed men living with Indians on reservations are considered Indians (but always allowed, nevertheless, to vote at allwhite men’s elections). But there are several Indian women, in various parts of the country, who are married to white and half-breed men, and the question is asked, whether they are not entitled to land.
Again, there are Indian women living with white men, but not married, who have children that should have some provision made for them.
Sixth.May the allotment be made immediately on completion of survey, without waiting for survey to be approved?
For many reasons it is desirable that the allotment be made as early as possible, so that the people may prepare for winter. They are very impatient, and I hope no unnecessary delay will be made.
Seventh.Is a record to be made by and in local land office of surveys and several allotments? Is record of allotment to be made in county records, and if so, how is the expense to be met?
These people are soon to be as other citizens, and stand on equal footing. I have no doubt about the propriety and necessity for making these records, but so as to close up all the gaps, I want to be instructed to have it done.
A. B. MEACHAM,Superintendent Indian Affairs in Oregon.
Department OF the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs,Washington, D. C., June 28, 1871.Sir:—I have received your communication of the 23d ultimo, asking, among other things, instructions concerning certain questions which present themselves for settlement in the allotment of lands in severalty to Indians upon reservations in the State of Oregon.In reply to the first inquiry therein propounded, you are informed that, where there is more land suitable for settlement on a reservation than is required to fulfil treaty stipulations, more than the number of acres named in said treaty cannot be set apart to each individual Indian, but the excess must be held in common for the benefit of the whole tribe or band occupying the reservation.Secondly. Where less land is found upon a reservation than is necessary to give to each individual or family the full quantity specified in the treaty, the number of acres so allotted may be reduced so as to give each person or family a proportionate share of the entire quantity available for purposes of allotment; but unoccupied government lands lying outside of the boundaries of the reservation cannot be used to complete the quantity required to fulfil the treaty stipulation.Thirdly. Indians not residing on a reservation cannot receive allotments of lands thereon, neither will unoccupied public lands be allotted to them.Fourthly. Indians residing on a reservation, and living in a tribal capacity, do not become citizens of the United States by virtue of any of the recent amendments to the constitution of the United States. Their political status is in no wise affected by such amendments.Fifthly. In case where white men or half-breeds have married Indian women, and said white men or half-breeds have been adopted into and are considered members of the tribe, and are living with their families on the tribal reservation, allotments may be made to them in the same manner as if they were native Indians.In cases where Indian women are married to white or other men, and do not now live on or remove to a tribal reservation previous to the time of making the allotments, they will not be entitled to receive land in severalty.The children of Indian women living with but not married to white men will not be allowed selections of land unless they shall take up their residence with the tribe upon the reservation.Sixthly. The allotments must not be made until subdivisional surveys are completed and approved by the proper authority.Seventhly. No record is necessary to be made in the local land office, or the county records of the county or counties wherein theseveral reservations are situated of the survey or allotment thereof.Your suggestions regarding the erection and repair of mills and mill-dams, etc., and the application of funds therefor, will be made the subject of a future communication.Very respectfully,Your obedient servant,E. S. PARKER,Commissioner.A. B. Meacham, Esq.,Supt. Indian Affairs, Salem, Oregon.
Department OF the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs,Washington, D. C., June 28, 1871.
Sir:—I have received your communication of the 23d ultimo, asking, among other things, instructions concerning certain questions which present themselves for settlement in the allotment of lands in severalty to Indians upon reservations in the State of Oregon.
In reply to the first inquiry therein propounded, you are informed that, where there is more land suitable for settlement on a reservation than is required to fulfil treaty stipulations, more than the number of acres named in said treaty cannot be set apart to each individual Indian, but the excess must be held in common for the benefit of the whole tribe or band occupying the reservation.
Secondly. Where less land is found upon a reservation than is necessary to give to each individual or family the full quantity specified in the treaty, the number of acres so allotted may be reduced so as to give each person or family a proportionate share of the entire quantity available for purposes of allotment; but unoccupied government lands lying outside of the boundaries of the reservation cannot be used to complete the quantity required to fulfil the treaty stipulation.
Thirdly. Indians not residing on a reservation cannot receive allotments of lands thereon, neither will unoccupied public lands be allotted to them.
Fourthly. Indians residing on a reservation, and living in a tribal capacity, do not become citizens of the United States by virtue of any of the recent amendments to the constitution of the United States. Their political status is in no wise affected by such amendments.
Fifthly. In case where white men or half-breeds have married Indian women, and said white men or half-breeds have been adopted into and are considered members of the tribe, and are living with their families on the tribal reservation, allotments may be made to them in the same manner as if they were native Indians.
In cases where Indian women are married to white or other men, and do not now live on or remove to a tribal reservation previous to the time of making the allotments, they will not be entitled to receive land in severalty.
The children of Indian women living with but not married to white men will not be allowed selections of land unless they shall take up their residence with the tribe upon the reservation.
Sixthly. The allotments must not be made until subdivisional surveys are completed and approved by the proper authority.
Seventhly. No record is necessary to be made in the local land office, or the county records of the county or counties wherein theseveral reservations are situated of the survey or allotment thereof.
Your suggestions regarding the erection and repair of mills and mill-dams, etc., and the application of funds therefor, will be made the subject of a future communication.
Very respectfully,Your obedient servant,E. S. PARKER,Commissioner.
A. B. Meacham, Esq.,Supt. Indian Affairs, Salem, Oregon.
Office Supt. Indian Affairs, Salem, Oregon, May 30, 1870.Chas. Lafollette,Agent Grand Ronde:—Sir,—Mr. Tillottson reported to this office on yesterday. We have decided to proceed with the saw-mill as soon as you can have Indian laborers to assist. It is desirable that we push this enterprise, and, in order to do so, it would seem necessary for you to “call in” enough to make a gang of say twenty workingmen; and as soon as this is done notify Mr. Tillottson at Dallas. I have ordered all the tools required to be forwarded to you at Dayton; and have no doubt they will be awaiting your orders. I think you can send immediately without fear of disappointment. In the mean time you will arrangesubsistencefor the Indian with my parties. It would be well also to assist Mr. Tillottson about a boarding-place. My arrangement is, that “the mechanics are to board themselves” with him; he to have the entire control of the works, we to furnish the laborers. When he is dissatisfied with the services, to certify to the time through your office, and forward to me for payment. I think it best not to transfer funds until an answer is obtained from the commissioner in regard to diverting the funds. We cannot expend or anticipate a fund not yet remitted, as I find a rule laid down to that effect. If we meet with a favorable reply we will then proceed with the flouring-mill. Youmay find employment, while waiting for tools for Mr. Reinhart, at such wages as you may agree upon. Hoping you will give this enterprise sufficient attention to secure success, etc.,I am respectfully,Your obedient servant,A. B. MEACHAM,Supt. Indian Affairs, Oregon.
Office Supt. Indian Affairs, Salem, Oregon, May 30, 1870.
Chas. Lafollette,Agent Grand Ronde:—
Sir,—Mr. Tillottson reported to this office on yesterday. We have decided to proceed with the saw-mill as soon as you can have Indian laborers to assist. It is desirable that we push this enterprise, and, in order to do so, it would seem necessary for you to “call in” enough to make a gang of say twenty workingmen; and as soon as this is done notify Mr. Tillottson at Dallas. I have ordered all the tools required to be forwarded to you at Dayton; and have no doubt they will be awaiting your orders. I think you can send immediately without fear of disappointment. In the mean time you will arrangesubsistencefor the Indian with my parties. It would be well also to assist Mr. Tillottson about a boarding-place. My arrangement is, that “the mechanics are to board themselves” with him; he to have the entire control of the works, we to furnish the laborers. When he is dissatisfied with the services, to certify to the time through your office, and forward to me for payment. I think it best not to transfer funds until an answer is obtained from the commissioner in regard to diverting the funds. We cannot expend or anticipate a fund not yet remitted, as I find a rule laid down to that effect. If we meet with a favorable reply we will then proceed with the flouring-mill. Youmay find employment, while waiting for tools for Mr. Reinhart, at such wages as you may agree upon. Hoping you will give this enterprise sufficient attention to secure success, etc.,
I am respectfully,Your obedient servant,A. B. MEACHAM,Supt. Indian Affairs, Oregon.
Office Supt. Indian Affairs, Salem, Oregon, Dec. 19, 1874.L. S. Dyer, Esq.,Commissary in charge Grand Ronde:—Sir,—Col. Thompson, surveyor, has been employed by me to assist you in making the allotment of lands on Grand Ronde.Herewith find the only instructions furnished this office, which, together with the copies of treaties in your office, it is hoped may be sufficient guide in making the allotment.As arranged during my late visit, all matters of dispute about priority of rights, etc., must be settled by a Board, consisting of Commissary L. S. Dyer, Col. D. P. Thompson and W. P. Eaton, or any other you may designate; if Mr. Eaton is unable to act; and, on request of the Indians, you will add to said Board three Indians, who are notinterestedparties in any matter under consideration by your Board.Great patience may be required in settling the differences that will arise, and I trust that you will, at all times, bear in mind that you are laboring for a race who are docile and reasonable when they are made fully to understand the wherefore, etc., of any proposition.I regret that the Commissioner of Indian Affairs has not furnished this office with more specific instructions in the premises.This order to make allotment is in anticipation of orders from the commissioner, which, I have no doubt, will be forwarded at an early day. At all events, the necessity of immediate action is obvious.July 20th, Wm. R. Dunbar was instructed to enroll all the Indians of Grand Ronde Agency, including those of Nestucker and Tillamook.Mr. Dunbar reported the enrolment complete, a copy of which you will find in your office.It is possible that some changes have occurred in the arrangement of families, of which you will take note, and correct the same in making statement of allotment.You will also be particular to see that the original and present name and tribe, together with sex, estimated age, and relationship to families with whom they are residing at the time of allotment, be identified with the number of the particular tract allotted to such person or family.In this connection it is necessary, in cases of plurality of wives, that each man shall designate one woman to be his legal wife, and all others to be members of his family, with the privilege of forming other marriage relations, taking with them the lands allotted in their respective names.Orphan children, who areattachedto families, must have the same rights.It would seem proper that, so far as possible, these people should be allowed to retain their present homes, and to adjust their respective rights among themselves; but it will be necessary, in some cases, to assume control and adjudicate differences.Inasmuch as there are several treaties in force with the Grand Ronde Indians, in the complications arising therefrom I would advise that the treaty with Willamette Valley Indians be adopted as the guide, without regard to the other treaties.Let the allotment be uniform to all persons entitled to lands, as per instructions of commissioner in reply to queries, and above referred to.Should any number of your people elect to remove to Nestucker, and there take lands in severalty, it would seem right, perhaps, to do so. Land will be ordered, surveyed at the places above referred to, and possibly also at Salmon river.I do not know of any other instructions or laws to guide you, except this: In absence of law, do justice fairly and impartially. Law is supposed to be in harmony with justice and common sense; and, if it is not, it isnot good law.Fully realizing the difficulties in your way in fulfilling this order, and having confidence in your integrity and ability, I can only say, in conclusion, push this matter through, and furnish this office, atan early day, full report of your doings, together with statistical table of allotments made under the rules and instructions furnished you.It may be observed, by reading the several treaties, that the amount of land stipulated to be allotted differs somewhat in the amounts specified.From surveyors’ reports, it appears that there is some deficiency of lands suitable for Indian settlement, and since the several tribes are mixed up, and to avoid confusion, I have indicated the treaty with the Indians of the Willamette Valley as the proper one to govern your action.Now, if the question should be raised by the Umpquas, and they refuse to accept the amount named in the treaty referred to (Willamette Valley), you will propose to the Umpquas to have the excess claimed by them set off to them of timber lots; or otherwise let the whole matter stand for further instructions. Should the question come up at an early day please notify me, and, if possible, I will in person adjust the matter.I think, however, that if you make the proposition to the Indians to settle itbeforeallotment, they will agree to the Willamette treaty, and I will arrange for the acknowledgment, on their part, of the fulfilment of treaty on the part of the Government hereafter.Very respectfully,Your obedient servant,A. B. MEACHAM,Superintendent Indian Affairs in Oregon.
Office Supt. Indian Affairs, Salem, Oregon, Dec. 19, 1874.
L. S. Dyer, Esq.,Commissary in charge Grand Ronde:—
Sir,—Col. Thompson, surveyor, has been employed by me to assist you in making the allotment of lands on Grand Ronde.
Herewith find the only instructions furnished this office, which, together with the copies of treaties in your office, it is hoped may be sufficient guide in making the allotment.
As arranged during my late visit, all matters of dispute about priority of rights, etc., must be settled by a Board, consisting of Commissary L. S. Dyer, Col. D. P. Thompson and W. P. Eaton, or any other you may designate; if Mr. Eaton is unable to act; and, on request of the Indians, you will add to said Board three Indians, who are notinterestedparties in any matter under consideration by your Board.
Great patience may be required in settling the differences that will arise, and I trust that you will, at all times, bear in mind that you are laboring for a race who are docile and reasonable when they are made fully to understand the wherefore, etc., of any proposition.
I regret that the Commissioner of Indian Affairs has not furnished this office with more specific instructions in the premises.
This order to make allotment is in anticipation of orders from the commissioner, which, I have no doubt, will be forwarded at an early day. At all events, the necessity of immediate action is obvious.
July 20th, Wm. R. Dunbar was instructed to enroll all the Indians of Grand Ronde Agency, including those of Nestucker and Tillamook.Mr. Dunbar reported the enrolment complete, a copy of which you will find in your office.
It is possible that some changes have occurred in the arrangement of families, of which you will take note, and correct the same in making statement of allotment.
You will also be particular to see that the original and present name and tribe, together with sex, estimated age, and relationship to families with whom they are residing at the time of allotment, be identified with the number of the particular tract allotted to such person or family.
In this connection it is necessary, in cases of plurality of wives, that each man shall designate one woman to be his legal wife, and all others to be members of his family, with the privilege of forming other marriage relations, taking with them the lands allotted in their respective names.
Orphan children, who areattachedto families, must have the same rights.
It would seem proper that, so far as possible, these people should be allowed to retain their present homes, and to adjust their respective rights among themselves; but it will be necessary, in some cases, to assume control and adjudicate differences.
Inasmuch as there are several treaties in force with the Grand Ronde Indians, in the complications arising therefrom I would advise that the treaty with Willamette Valley Indians be adopted as the guide, without regard to the other treaties.
Let the allotment be uniform to all persons entitled to lands, as per instructions of commissioner in reply to queries, and above referred to.
Should any number of your people elect to remove to Nestucker, and there take lands in severalty, it would seem right, perhaps, to do so. Land will be ordered, surveyed at the places above referred to, and possibly also at Salmon river.
I do not know of any other instructions or laws to guide you, except this: In absence of law, do justice fairly and impartially. Law is supposed to be in harmony with justice and common sense; and, if it is not, it isnot good law.
Fully realizing the difficulties in your way in fulfilling this order, and having confidence in your integrity and ability, I can only say, in conclusion, push this matter through, and furnish this office, atan early day, full report of your doings, together with statistical table of allotments made under the rules and instructions furnished you.
It may be observed, by reading the several treaties, that the amount of land stipulated to be allotted differs somewhat in the amounts specified.
From surveyors’ reports, it appears that there is some deficiency of lands suitable for Indian settlement, and since the several tribes are mixed up, and to avoid confusion, I have indicated the treaty with the Indians of the Willamette Valley as the proper one to govern your action.
Now, if the question should be raised by the Umpquas, and they refuse to accept the amount named in the treaty referred to (Willamette Valley), you will propose to the Umpquas to have the excess claimed by them set off to them of timber lots; or otherwise let the whole matter stand for further instructions. Should the question come up at an early day please notify me, and, if possible, I will in person adjust the matter.
I think, however, that if you make the proposition to the Indians to settle itbeforeallotment, they will agree to the Willamette treaty, and I will arrange for the acknowledgment, on their part, of the fulfilment of treaty on the part of the Government hereafter.
Very respectfully,Your obedient servant,A. B. MEACHAM,Superintendent Indian Affairs in Oregon.
ANNOUNCEMENT.
The undersigned, to whom alone Mr. Meacham has been pleased to give space for an advertisement in “The Wigwam and Warpath,” will soon publish a work, whose title will be: “The Conditions of Success, in its Relation to the Day Laborer, the Business Man, the Professional Man and the Scholar.”
The work is designed to furnish a key to success, not alone or chiefly in the art or means of acquiring wealth, but success in a higher and nobler sense, indicating some of the best methods of reaching the intellect and the heart, as well as the purse.
The work is mainly a result of the author’s own experiences and struggles—an outgrowth of the practical methods by which he has secured, at least, many of the objects not altogether unworthy of his ambition and hopes.
The unfolding of the grand principles or laws ofCompensation, even in every-day life, to which the author devotes some space, will, it is believed, have a tendency to increase the faith, or, at least, quiet the fears, of those who are often crushed by what appears to them the heavy strokes of Providence, or the inevitable fiat of Destiny; but, rightly understood, proves to be the true Magician of Life, which evokes light from shadows, and a calm from storms.
D. L. EMERSON.
Boston, July, 1875.
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Page ChangevThe {Birth-place}[Birthplace] of Indian Legendsxiv the Modocs—Why {Modocas}[Modocs] Rebelled—xv BURYING THE HATCHET—A {TURNING POINT}[TURNING-POINT].xxii LAST {HIDING PLACE}[HIDING-PLACE]—HANGING-MACHINE UNTRIED13 tripped the light fantastic {moccason}[moccasin] trimmed with37 “No,” says Flip., that {wont}[won’t] do.”38 a scene occurred that {Bierdstadt}[Bierstadt] should have had53 very {nutricious}[nutritious] and well adapted to grazing.62 begun on the bosom of {Ya Quina}[Ya-quina] Bay.88 {with, I doubt, not good intentions}[with, I doubt not, good intentions].100 your {doomed}[doom] is sealed.”121 the whites outside of the Reservation.{"}[]123 lumber belonging to {he}[the] Indians123 the {allottment}[allotment] of land to these people.129 than any on Siletz. {}["]She is stout; she can work;130 min-a-lous.{}["] {}[("]If I don’t go, I will die."{}[)]181 against the sale of their lands.{}[4]184 and {belives}[believes] in woman’s rights.198 remarking dryly, {}["]Me-si-ka wake cum-tux ic-ta mamook202 differing from {ladies}[ladies’] riding-whips210 {etsablished}[established] as “Indian fighters.”212 {General Cook}[General Crook] being theright man in212 the theology of Gen. {Cook}[Crook],220 sometimes crossing deep, dark {canons}[cañons],222 we encamped near {Canon}[Cañon] City,240 in charge consulted {O-che-o-and}[O-che-o and] Choe-tort.249 and had been {diposed}[disposed] of by the agent,255 that he, Parker, was of {}[“]their own race.”296 in the heart of the boy, {Kien-te-poos}[Ki-en-te-poos]312 burning with hatred, was on {on }[]every countenance.313 and did not ask my own boys when to talk.{"}[] When316 Tobey, as {intepreter}[interpreter].382 There {wont}[won’t] be a grease-spot left of ’em.”384 but with what {unaminity}[unanimity] our press repelled400 the {bankets}[blankets] are rolled together;400 jump out from undertheir{bankets}[blankets],433 the commission {}[decided,]three to one,437 Indians {visted}[visited] the new camp471stretchers; all cut to pieces.{"}[] I tell you,508 mechanics are {econonizing}[economizing] the rough boards,510 No sleep comes to this camp {to night}[to-night].531 {street-lamps}[street-lamp] before Judge Roseborough’s door throws558 to put to sea in a {white hall}[whitehall] boat562 and was {endeaving}[endeavoring] to be a man.567 Col. Wright of {Twelth}[Twelfth] Infantry,576 night. {One}[On] the morning of the 10th582 the closing {movments}[movements] of the campaign612 and Judge {Roseborourgh}[Roseborough],680 rings along the {frontierline}[frontier-line],
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