Historical Sketches.Farnese, Alexander, prince of Parma: on the 31st of January 1578 annihilates the patriot army at Gemblours,86; in October 1578 becomes governor-general of the Netherlands,88; administration of, 88 to109; in 1590 goes to France with a strong army to assist the duke of Mayenne against Henry of Navarre,108; but after breaking the blockade of Paris returns to the Netherlands, ib.; on the 3rd of December 1592 dies,109Fitch, Ralph: travels of, 39 and40Fitzherbert and Shillinge, two English commodores: in 1620 in Table Valley proclaim the sovereignty of James I of England over Africa to the dominions of another Christian prince, 159 and160; but this is not confirmed in England,160Flanders, count of: before 1544 admits the precedence in rank of the kings of France,44; in that year the province becomes subject to the emperor Charles V,48Flushing: is the second town in the Netherlands to be seized and permanently held by the patriots,63; which event is followed by other important successes,64; from 1585 to 1616 it is occupied by English troops as security for the payment of debt to England, 101 and115French, the: are the first to follow the Portuguese by sea to India,36French East India Company: in 1604 is established on paper, but gets no further,37; in 1615 it is reorganised, and in 1617 sends an expedition to India, which is successful, ib.French ships: towards the middle of the seventeenth century occasionally visit the islands in and near Saldanha Bay to procure sealskins and oil,38Frisians, the: inA.D.750 accept Christianity,44Gemblours: battle of,86General Collection of Treatys, Manifesto’s, Contracts of Marriage, Renunciations, and other Publick Papers, from the year 1495 to the year 1712: references to, 101, 102, 106, 111, 113, 115, 153, and161Ghent: atrocious conduct of the fanatical party in the city,88; on the 17th of September 1584 it is reconciled to Philippe II, and is thereafter lost to the patriot cause,98Giedde, Ove, Danish admiral: in 1619 and again in 1621 visits Table Bay,168Synoptical Index.Granvelle, Cardinal: is agent of Philippe II in the Netherlands,52; is detested by the people,53; in 1564 leaves the Netherlands, ib.Grave: in September 1602 is gained by the patriots,114Groen van Prinsterer’sHandboek der Geschiedenis van het Vaderland: reference to,42Groningen, town of: in March 1580 is betrayed to the Spaniards,92; on the 22nd of July 1594 is recovered by the patriots,110Haarlem, siege of,67; on the 12th of July 1573 the city is taken by the Spaniards, ib.van der Hagen, Steven: in 1599 commands an expedition sent to India,125; in December 1603 leaves Holland for India as admiral of a powerful fleet,136; in June 1604 attacks Mozambique, ib.; but in August is obliged to retire without success,137; in February 1605 gets possession of the Portuguese fort on Amboina, ib.Hainaut, Artois, and Lille, provinces of: on the 17th of May 1579 are reconciled to Philippe II, and for ever lost to the patriot cause,88van Heemskerk, Jacob: in 1595 accompanies Willem Barendszoom on his second polar expedition,117; and again in 1596 on his third and last, ib.; in 1598 goes to India in the fleet under Jacob van Nek,124; in April 1601 leaves Holland on his second voyage to India as admiral of a fleet of eight ships,129; captures a very richly laden carrack, ib.; on the 25th of April 1607 with a greatly inferior force attacks a powerful Spanish fleet in Gibraltar Bay, and utterly destroys it,151; but is killed in the engagement, ib.Hendrik of Nassau, brother of William prince of Orange: death of in battle,74Hermanszoon, Wolfert: in 1601 commands a fleet sent to India,128; attacks a large Portuguese fleet under André Furtado de Mendoça besieging Bantam, ib.; and compels Mendoça to retire,129; enters into a commercial treaty with the ruler of Bantam, ib.; and with the ruler of Banda, ib.Holland and Zeeland, provinces of: in June 1575 unite in a kind of loose confederation,77; in October 1575 renounce allegiance to Philippe II,79Hoorn, Count: execution of,59Hottentots: dealings with by the first English visitors to South Africa,40; are seen and described by the first Dutch voyagers to India,122; disgusting food of,157Historical Sketches.Houtman, Cornelis: in 1595 is in command of the first Dutch expedition to India,121; in 1598 commands another expedition to India,123; and is murdered at Atchin,124Hunebedden: description of,42Indian trade: number of Dutch ships engaged in before 1602,129Inquisition in the Netherlands: particulars concerning, 49, 53, and54Inundation: in 1570 causes terrible loss of life and property in the Northern Netherlands,60Invincible Spanish Armada: in 1588 is destroyed,107Isabella, Archduchess, daughter of Philippe II: in May 1598 becomes sovereign of the submissive Netherlands, and in April 1599 marries the archduke Albert,113; on the 30th of November 1623 dies,152James I, king of England: for a short time after his accession favours the Dutch, but in 1604 he enters into a treaty of peace and alliance with Spain,115de Jonge’sDe Opkomst van het Nederlandsch Gezag in Oost Indie: reference to,122Jourdain, John: gives an account of his visits to Table Valley in 1608 and 1617, 156, 157, and164Lancaster, Captain James: in 1591 visits Table Bay,41; as admiral of the first fleet fitted out by the English East India Company in September 1601 again calls at Table Bay,155Leades, William: travels of,39Leeven en Daden der Doorlughtige Zee-Helden: reference to,78Leicester, earl of: is appointed by Queen Elizabeth lieutenant-general of the English forces in the Netherlands, and on the 19th of December 1585 arrives and assumes duty,102; conduct of, 102 to106; in December 1587 leaves the Netherlands,106Lepanto: battle of,82Leyden: first siege of,73; second siege and heroic defence of from the 26th of May to the 3rd of October 1574, when the city is relieved by Admiral Boisot, 74, 75, and76Liege, province of: particulars concerning, 51, 52, and154Lille, with Douai and Orchies, Artois, and Hainaut, provinces of: on the 17th of May 1579 are reconciled to Philippe II, and for ever lost to the patriot cause,88Synoptical Index.van Linschoten, Jan Huyghen: in 1583 goes to India in the service of the archbishop of Goa,118; and remains there until January 1589,119; after his return to Holland publishes sailing directions, a description of the Indies, &c., which serve as guides for his countrymen, ib.; in 1594 accompanies Willem Barendszoon in his first polar voyage,117Louis of Nassau, brother of William prince of Orange: death of in battle,74Maastricht: siege and destruction of by Alexander Farnese,91Madura: is visited by the first Dutch expedition to India,123le Maire, Isaac: in May 1611 visits Table Bay,154Mandeville, Sir John: note on,38Manufactures: are driven from the Netherlands by persecution,54de la Marck, William: exploits of,62Margaret of Parma: in 1559 becomes regent of the Netherlands,52; administration of, 52 to58Massacre of Saint Bartholomew in August 1572: has disastrous effects on the patriot cause in the Netherlands,65Matelief, Cornelis: in May 1605 leaves Holland for India as admiral of a fleet,138; attempts to get possession of Malacca, but without success, ib.; builds Fort Orange on the island of Ternate, and places a garrison in it, ib.; in April 1608 calls at Table Bay on his homeward passage, and remains there till June,139Matthias of Hapsburg: in January 1578 becomes nominally governor-general of the Netherlands provinces on the invitation of a party of nobles, but has no real power,86; in 1581 returns to Germany,93Maurits of Nassau, second son of William prince of Orange: in 1584 commences his career,98Mechlin: a court of appeal for all the provinces is established here by the duke of Burgundy,46; ferocious treatment of the city by the duke of Alva,65; on the 19th of July 1585 it capitulates to the Spaniards,100de Mendoça, André Furtado: in 1601 is in command of a large Portuguese fleet besieging Bantam,128; when he is attacked by a puny Dutch fleet under Wolfert Hermanszoon, ib.; which forces him to raise the blockade,129; he causes great destruction at Amboina, ib.; successfully defends Malacca against Cornelis Matelief,138Historical Sketches.Michelburne, Sir Edward: in 1605 visits Table Bay,155Middelburg: in February 1574 after a long siege is surrendered to the patriots by Colonel Christopher Mondragon,73Mondragon, a French corsair: in 1507 seizes a Portuguese ship in the Mozambique channel,36; in 1509 he is captured by the Portuguese and is taken as a prisoner to Lisbon, ib.; where he manages to make his peace with the king, ib.Montigny, Baron; murder of,60Mookerheyde: disastrous battle of in April 1574,74Mossel Bay: is touched at by the first Dutch expedition to India,122; in 1601 receives its present name from Paulus van Caerden,126Motley’sRise of the Dutch Republic, andHistory of the United Netherlands to the Twelve Years’ Truce, 1609: references to, 41 and78Mozambique: description of in 1583,120; is coveted by the Dutch, owing to rumours of the great quantity of gold to be had on the mainland,135; in June 1604 is attacked by Steven van der Hagen,136; but in August he is obliged to leave without success,137; in March 1607 is attacked by Paulus van Caerden,139; Fort São Sebastião is bravely defended by Dom Estevão d’Ataide,141; and in May Van Caerden is obliged to abandon the effort to take it,143; in July 1608 it is attacked for the third time by the Dutch under Pieter Willemszoon Verhoeff,144; but in August the siege is abandoned,147Municipal Charters: inA.D.1217 the first of these in the Northern Netherlands is obtained by the town of Middelburg in Zeeland,45Mutinies of Spanish troops: account of, 79 to 81, and111Naarden: in 1572 is destroyed by the Spaniards,66Negotiations for the alliance of the Dutch and English East India Companies: particulars concerning, 161 and162van Nek, Jacob: successful voyage to India of,124Netherlands: the territory of the Northern Provinces is the last occupied on the continent of Europe,42; no traces of palæolithic men are found there, ib.; the Celts are the earliest known inhabitants, ib.; the Batavi, a Nether Teuton tribe, come next, ib.; the Frisians occupy the territory farther north,43; palæolithic implements in great abundance are found in the southern provinces,42; which in the earliest historical times are occupied by Celts,43; at the time of the Roman invasion the extreme north is occupied by Teutons, the extreme south by Celts, and the centreby the two races intermingled, ib.; the country is conquered by Cæsar and the Frisians are compelled to pay tribute, but the Batavi are admitted to an alliance with Rome, ib.; some centuries later on the fall of the Roman empire, other Teutonic tribes enter the country,44; when the Franks conquer the Romanised Celtic territory in the south, ib.; inA.D.785 the conquest of the whole country is completed by Charlemagne, ib.; under his feeble successors it is broken up into a number of petty states independent of each other, ib.; which in course of time become prosperous through manufactures, commerce, and the fisheries,45; the towns are able to obtain, mostly by purchase from their sovereigns, charters conferring extensive powers of self government, ib.; in 1437 through various causes many of the provinces or separate states come under the dominion of Philippe duke of Burgundy,46; in 1477 the “Great Privilege” is granted by Mary of Burgundy,47; who marries Maximilian of Hapsburg, and leaves a son, Philippe by name, as sovereign of the Burgundian Netherlands,48; this Philippe marries the eldest daughter of the Spanish monarchs Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, and in 1500 has a son born to him, who becomes the emperor Charles V, ib.; Charles inherits the sovereignty of all the Netherland provinces except Gelderland, Utrecht, the Frisian provinces, Liege, Flanders, and Artois, ib.; by 1544 all of the provinces except Liege are under his rule,49; enumeration of the provinces,50; in 1555 on the abdication of Charles V all of the provinces except Liege come under the sovereignty of his son Philippe II of Spain,51; under whose rule they are treated with such cruelty that they rise in rebellion against him,51et seq.Synoptical Index.Newbery, John: travels of,39Nieuwpoort: battle of,113van Noort, Olivier: in 1598-1601 is the first Netherlander to sail round the world, 124 and125Nymegen: on the 21st of October 1591 surrenders to the patriots,109Ostend: on the 5th of July 1601 is besieged by the archduke Albert, but holds out till the 20th of September 1604, when it is taken by the marquis Ambrose Spinola,114Oudewater: in July 1575 is destroyed by the Spaniards,77Pacification of Ghent: particulars regarding the,81Parmentier, Jean: in 1529 commands a French ship sent to India,37Parmentier, Raoul: in 1529 commands a French ship sent to India,37Historical Sketches.Pereira, Duarte Pacheco: in 1509 captures the French corsair Mondragon,36Perpetual Edict: particulars concerning the,83Philippe II of Spain: in 1555 becomes sovereign of all the Netherland provinces except Liege,51; his rule is so atrocious that the provinces rise in rebellion, and in October 1575 the states of Holland and Zeeland renounce allegiance to him,79; on the 26th of July 1581 he is formally abjured by the other provinces in arms against him,93; on the 6th of May 1598 he transfers the sovereignty of the Netherlands to his daughter Isabella,112; and on the 13th of September of the same year dies, ib.Philippe III: in September 1598 succeeds his father as king of Spain,112Pirenne’sHistoire de Belgique: reference to,42Portugal: in 1580 comes under the authority of Philippe II of Spain,92Portuguese: before the close of the sixteenth century cease to be progressive,35Position of the Dutch in India at the time of the conclusion of the truce with Spain,149Protestants: emigration of from the Southern to the Northern Netherland provinces, 98 and101Queen Elizabeth of England: in January 1578 commences to assist the patriots in the Netherlands,85; in August 1585 enters into a treaty with the states, giving them material assistance,101; on the 24th of March 1603 dies,115Rapid advance of the Dutch in India in 1609,148Reformation, the: spread of in the Netherlands, 49 and54Repudiation of the public debt by Philippe II,110de Requesens, Don Luis: in November 1573 becomes governor and captain-general of the Netherlands,70; administration of, 70 to79; on the 5th of March 1576 dies,79Roe, Sir Thomas: in 1615 visits Table Valley,166Romans, the: confer great benefits upon the Netherlands,44Scandinavian pirates: plunder the Netherlands, but do not form settlements in the country,45Sluis: is besieged, and in August 1587 is compelled to surrender to the Spaniards,105; in August 1604 is recovered by the patriots,115Synoptical Index.Sonoy, Diederik: atrocious conduct of at Alkmaar,77Spanish Fury of Antwerp: account of, 80 and81Spanish troops: mutinies of, 74 and113van Spilbergen, Joris: in 1601 commands an expedition sent to India,127Spinola, the marquis Ambrose: in 1603 becomes commander-in-chief of the Spanish army in Flanders,114Stephens, Thomas, an Englishman: in 1579 is rector of the Jesuit college at Salsette,38Story, James: travels of,39Sumatra: is visited by the first Dutch expedition to India,123Synod of the Reformed churches: in 1572 the first meets at Hoorn; in 1578 the second meets at Dordrecht,87Table Bay: in 1601 receives its present name from Joris van Spilbergen,127Terry’sVoyage to India: references to, 163 and166Teutonic tribes: overrun the Netherlands,44Treaty of alliance between England, France, and the seven United Provinces of the Netherlands: on the 31st of October 1596 is entered into,111; from which in May 1598 Henry IV of France withdraws,112; on the 16th of August 1598 a new treaty of alliance is entered into between England and the free Netherlands,112Truce for twelve years between Spain and the Netherlands: on the 9th of April 1609 is signed at Antwerp,151Turnhout: rout of a Spanish army at,111Union of Brussels: particulars concerning the,82Union of Utrecht: particulars concerning the, 89 and90United Netherlands, republic of the: territory of in 1609, at the time of the twelve years’ truce, 151 and152Utrecht, bishopric of: is founded by Charlemagne as a fief,44; in 1579 ceases to exist,89Valenciennes: in 1567 is reduced to submission to Philippe II,56Valentijn’sOud en Nieuw Oost Indien: reference to,122Variation of the compass: mention of,123and124Historical Sketches.Verhoeff, Pieter Willemszoon: in December 1607 sails from Holland for India as admiral of a very powerful fleet,144; and in July 1608 makes an attack upon Mozambique, ib.; but in August is compelled to abandon the effort to get possession of Fort São Sebastião,147; barbarity of after the great victory in Gibraltar Bay,151; in May 1609 he and twenty-nine others are murdered on the island of Neira,148van Waerwyk, Wybrand: in June 1602 leaves Holland for India as admiral of a fleet,134; in August 1603 establishes a permanent factory at Bantam,135; which for several years is regarded as the Dutch head quarters in the East, ib.de Weert, Sebald: in March 1602 is admiral of the first fleet sent out by the Dutch East India Company,134; visits Ceylon and makes an agreement of friendship with the ruler of Kandy, ib.; but commits the great error of offending the religious feelings of the Cingalese, ib.; with the result that he and forty-six others are surprised when on shore and are all put to death,135William, prince of Orange: is appointed by Philippe II stadholder of Holland, Zeeland, and Utrecht,52; becomes the very soul of the struggle of the provinces for liberty, 52 to97; on the 15th of March 1580 is declared an outlaw by Philippe II, and a great reward is offered to any one who takes his life,92; on the 10th of July 1584 is murdered at Delft,97Zeeland and Holland, provinces of: in June 1575 unite in a kind of loose confederation,77; in October 1575 renounce allegiance to Philippe II,79Zierikzee: in June 1576 is besieged and taken by the Spaniards,78Zutphen: treatment of by Don Frederic de Toledo, son of the duke of Alva,66; in September 1583 it is betrayed to the Spaniards,96; on the 23rd of May 1591 it is recovered by the patriots,109Zuyder Zee: is formed in the thirteenth century of our era,43SKETCH III.van der Aa’sBiographisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden: references to, 173 and250Appel, Ferdinandus: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel,226; further mention of,246Arboriculture: instructions of the directors concerning,188; which are carried out by the governor, ib.Synoptical Index.van Assenburgh, Louis: is appointed to succeed Willem Adriaan van der Stel as governor,241; in January 1708 arrives and assumes the duty,246Bek, Rev. Hendrik: in May 1702 becomes clergyman of Drakenstein,198; in April 1707 is transferred to Stellenbosch,200Bogaert, Abraham: takes charge of the document containing the complaints of the burghers,228Bogaert’sHistorisch Verhaal: reference to,211le Boucq, Rev. Engelbertus: account of,199van Brakel, Jacobus: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 230, 232, and242Bushmen: particulars concerning,188,194et seq.van der Byl, Pieter: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel,226; further mention of,246Charges against Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel: list of,221Church building: in January 1704 the first in Capetown is opened for use,198Cloete, Jacob: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel,229Colonists: at the beginning of the eighteenth century are rapidly increasing in number,204Company’s garden in Capetown: particulars concerning,190Condition of the Cape settlement when Willem Adriaan van der Stel becomes governor,181Constantia farm: on the 13th of July 1685 is granted to Commander Simon van der Stel by the lord of Mydrecht,179Conterman, Hans Jacob: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel,227Corruption: at the beginning of the eighteenth century is generally prevalent in the East India Company’s service,205; means adopted to prevent it,206Council of Policy: during the administration of Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel meetings are only held at long intervals,215Drakenstein: is settled under Simon van der Stel’s supervision,177Du Bois’sVies des Gouverneurs Generaux: reference to,173Dutch and German settlers: are sent to South Africa from 1700 to 1707, when emigration is stopped,185
Historical Sketches.
Farnese, Alexander, prince of Parma: on the 31st of January 1578 annihilates the patriot army at Gemblours,86; in October 1578 becomes governor-general of the Netherlands,88; administration of, 88 to109; in 1590 goes to France with a strong army to assist the duke of Mayenne against Henry of Navarre,108; but after breaking the blockade of Paris returns to the Netherlands, ib.; on the 3rd of December 1592 dies,109
Fitch, Ralph: travels of, 39 and40
Fitzherbert and Shillinge, two English commodores: in 1620 in Table Valley proclaim the sovereignty of James I of England over Africa to the dominions of another Christian prince, 159 and160; but this is not confirmed in England,160
Flanders, count of: before 1544 admits the precedence in rank of the kings of France,44; in that year the province becomes subject to the emperor Charles V,48
Flushing: is the second town in the Netherlands to be seized and permanently held by the patriots,63; which event is followed by other important successes,64; from 1585 to 1616 it is occupied by English troops as security for the payment of debt to England, 101 and115
French, the: are the first to follow the Portuguese by sea to India,36
French East India Company: in 1604 is established on paper, but gets no further,37; in 1615 it is reorganised, and in 1617 sends an expedition to India, which is successful, ib.
French ships: towards the middle of the seventeenth century occasionally visit the islands in and near Saldanha Bay to procure sealskins and oil,38
Frisians, the: inA.D.750 accept Christianity,44
Gemblours: battle of,86
General Collection of Treatys, Manifesto’s, Contracts of Marriage, Renunciations, and other Publick Papers, from the year 1495 to the year 1712: references to, 101, 102, 106, 111, 113, 115, 153, and161
Ghent: atrocious conduct of the fanatical party in the city,88; on the 17th of September 1584 it is reconciled to Philippe II, and is thereafter lost to the patriot cause,98
Giedde, Ove, Danish admiral: in 1619 and again in 1621 visits Table Bay,168
Synoptical Index.
Granvelle, Cardinal: is agent of Philippe II in the Netherlands,52; is detested by the people,53; in 1564 leaves the Netherlands, ib.
Grave: in September 1602 is gained by the patriots,114
Groen van Prinsterer’sHandboek der Geschiedenis van het Vaderland: reference to,42
Groningen, town of: in March 1580 is betrayed to the Spaniards,92; on the 22nd of July 1594 is recovered by the patriots,110
Haarlem, siege of,67; on the 12th of July 1573 the city is taken by the Spaniards, ib.
van der Hagen, Steven: in 1599 commands an expedition sent to India,125; in December 1603 leaves Holland for India as admiral of a powerful fleet,136; in June 1604 attacks Mozambique, ib.; but in August is obliged to retire without success,137; in February 1605 gets possession of the Portuguese fort on Amboina, ib.
Hainaut, Artois, and Lille, provinces of: on the 17th of May 1579 are reconciled to Philippe II, and for ever lost to the patriot cause,88
van Heemskerk, Jacob: in 1595 accompanies Willem Barendszoom on his second polar expedition,117; and again in 1596 on his third and last, ib.; in 1598 goes to India in the fleet under Jacob van Nek,124; in April 1601 leaves Holland on his second voyage to India as admiral of a fleet of eight ships,129; captures a very richly laden carrack, ib.; on the 25th of April 1607 with a greatly inferior force attacks a powerful Spanish fleet in Gibraltar Bay, and utterly destroys it,151; but is killed in the engagement, ib.
Hendrik of Nassau, brother of William prince of Orange: death of in battle,74
Hermanszoon, Wolfert: in 1601 commands a fleet sent to India,128; attacks a large Portuguese fleet under André Furtado de Mendoça besieging Bantam, ib.; and compels Mendoça to retire,129; enters into a commercial treaty with the ruler of Bantam, ib.; and with the ruler of Banda, ib.
Holland and Zeeland, provinces of: in June 1575 unite in a kind of loose confederation,77; in October 1575 renounce allegiance to Philippe II,79
Hoorn, Count: execution of,59
Hottentots: dealings with by the first English visitors to South Africa,40; are seen and described by the first Dutch voyagers to India,122; disgusting food of,157
Historical Sketches.
Houtman, Cornelis: in 1595 is in command of the first Dutch expedition to India,121; in 1598 commands another expedition to India,123; and is murdered at Atchin,124
Hunebedden: description of,42
Indian trade: number of Dutch ships engaged in before 1602,129
Inquisition in the Netherlands: particulars concerning, 49, 53, and54
Inundation: in 1570 causes terrible loss of life and property in the Northern Netherlands,60
Invincible Spanish Armada: in 1588 is destroyed,107
Isabella, Archduchess, daughter of Philippe II: in May 1598 becomes sovereign of the submissive Netherlands, and in April 1599 marries the archduke Albert,113; on the 30th of November 1623 dies,152
James I, king of England: for a short time after his accession favours the Dutch, but in 1604 he enters into a treaty of peace and alliance with Spain,115
de Jonge’sDe Opkomst van het Nederlandsch Gezag in Oost Indie: reference to,122
Jourdain, John: gives an account of his visits to Table Valley in 1608 and 1617, 156, 157, and164
Lancaster, Captain James: in 1591 visits Table Bay,41; as admiral of the first fleet fitted out by the English East India Company in September 1601 again calls at Table Bay,155
Leades, William: travels of,39
Leeven en Daden der Doorlughtige Zee-Helden: reference to,78
Leicester, earl of: is appointed by Queen Elizabeth lieutenant-general of the English forces in the Netherlands, and on the 19th of December 1585 arrives and assumes duty,102; conduct of, 102 to106; in December 1587 leaves the Netherlands,106
Lepanto: battle of,82
Leyden: first siege of,73; second siege and heroic defence of from the 26th of May to the 3rd of October 1574, when the city is relieved by Admiral Boisot, 74, 75, and76
Liege, province of: particulars concerning, 51, 52, and154
Lille, with Douai and Orchies, Artois, and Hainaut, provinces of: on the 17th of May 1579 are reconciled to Philippe II, and for ever lost to the patriot cause,88
Synoptical Index.
van Linschoten, Jan Huyghen: in 1583 goes to India in the service of the archbishop of Goa,118; and remains there until January 1589,119; after his return to Holland publishes sailing directions, a description of the Indies, &c., which serve as guides for his countrymen, ib.; in 1594 accompanies Willem Barendszoon in his first polar voyage,117
Louis of Nassau, brother of William prince of Orange: death of in battle,74
Maastricht: siege and destruction of by Alexander Farnese,91
Madura: is visited by the first Dutch expedition to India,123
le Maire, Isaac: in May 1611 visits Table Bay,154
Mandeville, Sir John: note on,38
Manufactures: are driven from the Netherlands by persecution,54
de la Marck, William: exploits of,62
Margaret of Parma: in 1559 becomes regent of the Netherlands,52; administration of, 52 to58
Massacre of Saint Bartholomew in August 1572: has disastrous effects on the patriot cause in the Netherlands,65
Matelief, Cornelis: in May 1605 leaves Holland for India as admiral of a fleet,138; attempts to get possession of Malacca, but without success, ib.; builds Fort Orange on the island of Ternate, and places a garrison in it, ib.; in April 1608 calls at Table Bay on his homeward passage, and remains there till June,139
Matthias of Hapsburg: in January 1578 becomes nominally governor-general of the Netherlands provinces on the invitation of a party of nobles, but has no real power,86; in 1581 returns to Germany,93
Maurits of Nassau, second son of William prince of Orange: in 1584 commences his career,98
Mechlin: a court of appeal for all the provinces is established here by the duke of Burgundy,46; ferocious treatment of the city by the duke of Alva,65; on the 19th of July 1585 it capitulates to the Spaniards,100
de Mendoça, André Furtado: in 1601 is in command of a large Portuguese fleet besieging Bantam,128; when he is attacked by a puny Dutch fleet under Wolfert Hermanszoon, ib.; which forces him to raise the blockade,129; he causes great destruction at Amboina, ib.; successfully defends Malacca against Cornelis Matelief,138
Historical Sketches.
Michelburne, Sir Edward: in 1605 visits Table Bay,155
Middelburg: in February 1574 after a long siege is surrendered to the patriots by Colonel Christopher Mondragon,73
Mondragon, a French corsair: in 1507 seizes a Portuguese ship in the Mozambique channel,36; in 1509 he is captured by the Portuguese and is taken as a prisoner to Lisbon, ib.; where he manages to make his peace with the king, ib.
Montigny, Baron; murder of,60
Mookerheyde: disastrous battle of in April 1574,74
Mossel Bay: is touched at by the first Dutch expedition to India,122; in 1601 receives its present name from Paulus van Caerden,126
Motley’sRise of the Dutch Republic, andHistory of the United Netherlands to the Twelve Years’ Truce, 1609: references to, 41 and78
Mozambique: description of in 1583,120; is coveted by the Dutch, owing to rumours of the great quantity of gold to be had on the mainland,135; in June 1604 is attacked by Steven van der Hagen,136; but in August he is obliged to leave without success,137; in March 1607 is attacked by Paulus van Caerden,139; Fort São Sebastião is bravely defended by Dom Estevão d’Ataide,141; and in May Van Caerden is obliged to abandon the effort to take it,143; in July 1608 it is attacked for the third time by the Dutch under Pieter Willemszoon Verhoeff,144; but in August the siege is abandoned,147
Municipal Charters: inA.D.1217 the first of these in the Northern Netherlands is obtained by the town of Middelburg in Zeeland,45
Mutinies of Spanish troops: account of, 79 to 81, and111
Naarden: in 1572 is destroyed by the Spaniards,66
Negotiations for the alliance of the Dutch and English East India Companies: particulars concerning, 161 and162
van Nek, Jacob: successful voyage to India of,124
Netherlands: the territory of the Northern Provinces is the last occupied on the continent of Europe,42; no traces of palæolithic men are found there, ib.; the Celts are the earliest known inhabitants, ib.; the Batavi, a Nether Teuton tribe, come next, ib.; the Frisians occupy the territory farther north,43; palæolithic implements in great abundance are found in the southern provinces,42; which in the earliest historical times are occupied by Celts,43; at the time of the Roman invasion the extreme north is occupied by Teutons, the extreme south by Celts, and the centreby the two races intermingled, ib.; the country is conquered by Cæsar and the Frisians are compelled to pay tribute, but the Batavi are admitted to an alliance with Rome, ib.; some centuries later on the fall of the Roman empire, other Teutonic tribes enter the country,44; when the Franks conquer the Romanised Celtic territory in the south, ib.; inA.D.785 the conquest of the whole country is completed by Charlemagne, ib.; under his feeble successors it is broken up into a number of petty states independent of each other, ib.; which in course of time become prosperous through manufactures, commerce, and the fisheries,45; the towns are able to obtain, mostly by purchase from their sovereigns, charters conferring extensive powers of self government, ib.; in 1437 through various causes many of the provinces or separate states come under the dominion of Philippe duke of Burgundy,46; in 1477 the “Great Privilege” is granted by Mary of Burgundy,47; who marries Maximilian of Hapsburg, and leaves a son, Philippe by name, as sovereign of the Burgundian Netherlands,48; this Philippe marries the eldest daughter of the Spanish monarchs Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, and in 1500 has a son born to him, who becomes the emperor Charles V, ib.; Charles inherits the sovereignty of all the Netherland provinces except Gelderland, Utrecht, the Frisian provinces, Liege, Flanders, and Artois, ib.; by 1544 all of the provinces except Liege are under his rule,49; enumeration of the provinces,50; in 1555 on the abdication of Charles V all of the provinces except Liege come under the sovereignty of his son Philippe II of Spain,51; under whose rule they are treated with such cruelty that they rise in rebellion against him,51et seq.
Synoptical Index.
Newbery, John: travels of,39
Nieuwpoort: battle of,113
van Noort, Olivier: in 1598-1601 is the first Netherlander to sail round the world, 124 and125
Nymegen: on the 21st of October 1591 surrenders to the patriots,109
Ostend: on the 5th of July 1601 is besieged by the archduke Albert, but holds out till the 20th of September 1604, when it is taken by the marquis Ambrose Spinola,114
Oudewater: in July 1575 is destroyed by the Spaniards,77
Pacification of Ghent: particulars regarding the,81
Parmentier, Jean: in 1529 commands a French ship sent to India,37
Parmentier, Raoul: in 1529 commands a French ship sent to India,37
Historical Sketches.
Pereira, Duarte Pacheco: in 1509 captures the French corsair Mondragon,36
Perpetual Edict: particulars concerning the,83
Philippe II of Spain: in 1555 becomes sovereign of all the Netherland provinces except Liege,51; his rule is so atrocious that the provinces rise in rebellion, and in October 1575 the states of Holland and Zeeland renounce allegiance to him,79; on the 26th of July 1581 he is formally abjured by the other provinces in arms against him,93; on the 6th of May 1598 he transfers the sovereignty of the Netherlands to his daughter Isabella,112; and on the 13th of September of the same year dies, ib.
Philippe III: in September 1598 succeeds his father as king of Spain,112
Pirenne’sHistoire de Belgique: reference to,42
Portugal: in 1580 comes under the authority of Philippe II of Spain,92
Portuguese: before the close of the sixteenth century cease to be progressive,35
Position of the Dutch in India at the time of the conclusion of the truce with Spain,149
Protestants: emigration of from the Southern to the Northern Netherland provinces, 98 and101
Queen Elizabeth of England: in January 1578 commences to assist the patriots in the Netherlands,85; in August 1585 enters into a treaty with the states, giving them material assistance,101; on the 24th of March 1603 dies,115
Rapid advance of the Dutch in India in 1609,148
Reformation, the: spread of in the Netherlands, 49 and54
Repudiation of the public debt by Philippe II,110
de Requesens, Don Luis: in November 1573 becomes governor and captain-general of the Netherlands,70; administration of, 70 to79; on the 5th of March 1576 dies,79
Roe, Sir Thomas: in 1615 visits Table Valley,166
Romans, the: confer great benefits upon the Netherlands,44
Scandinavian pirates: plunder the Netherlands, but do not form settlements in the country,45
Sluis: is besieged, and in August 1587 is compelled to surrender to the Spaniards,105; in August 1604 is recovered by the patriots,115
Synoptical Index.
Sonoy, Diederik: atrocious conduct of at Alkmaar,77
Spanish Fury of Antwerp: account of, 80 and81
Spanish troops: mutinies of, 74 and113
van Spilbergen, Joris: in 1601 commands an expedition sent to India,127
Spinola, the marquis Ambrose: in 1603 becomes commander-in-chief of the Spanish army in Flanders,114
Stephens, Thomas, an Englishman: in 1579 is rector of the Jesuit college at Salsette,38
Story, James: travels of,39
Sumatra: is visited by the first Dutch expedition to India,123
Synod of the Reformed churches: in 1572 the first meets at Hoorn; in 1578 the second meets at Dordrecht,87
Table Bay: in 1601 receives its present name from Joris van Spilbergen,127
Terry’sVoyage to India: references to, 163 and166
Teutonic tribes: overrun the Netherlands,44
Treaty of alliance between England, France, and the seven United Provinces of the Netherlands: on the 31st of October 1596 is entered into,111; from which in May 1598 Henry IV of France withdraws,112; on the 16th of August 1598 a new treaty of alliance is entered into between England and the free Netherlands,112
Truce for twelve years between Spain and the Netherlands: on the 9th of April 1609 is signed at Antwerp,151
Turnhout: rout of a Spanish army at,111
Union of Brussels: particulars concerning the,82
Union of Utrecht: particulars concerning the, 89 and90
United Netherlands, republic of the: territory of in 1609, at the time of the twelve years’ truce, 151 and152
Utrecht, bishopric of: is founded by Charlemagne as a fief,44; in 1579 ceases to exist,89
Valenciennes: in 1567 is reduced to submission to Philippe II,56
Valentijn’sOud en Nieuw Oost Indien: reference to,122
Variation of the compass: mention of,123and124
Historical Sketches.
Verhoeff, Pieter Willemszoon: in December 1607 sails from Holland for India as admiral of a very powerful fleet,144; and in July 1608 makes an attack upon Mozambique, ib.; but in August is compelled to abandon the effort to get possession of Fort São Sebastião,147; barbarity of after the great victory in Gibraltar Bay,151; in May 1609 he and twenty-nine others are murdered on the island of Neira,148
van Waerwyk, Wybrand: in June 1602 leaves Holland for India as admiral of a fleet,134; in August 1603 establishes a permanent factory at Bantam,135; which for several years is regarded as the Dutch head quarters in the East, ib.
de Weert, Sebald: in March 1602 is admiral of the first fleet sent out by the Dutch East India Company,134; visits Ceylon and makes an agreement of friendship with the ruler of Kandy, ib.; but commits the great error of offending the religious feelings of the Cingalese, ib.; with the result that he and forty-six others are surprised when on shore and are all put to death,135
William, prince of Orange: is appointed by Philippe II stadholder of Holland, Zeeland, and Utrecht,52; becomes the very soul of the struggle of the provinces for liberty, 52 to97; on the 15th of March 1580 is declared an outlaw by Philippe II, and a great reward is offered to any one who takes his life,92; on the 10th of July 1584 is murdered at Delft,97
Zeeland and Holland, provinces of: in June 1575 unite in a kind of loose confederation,77; in October 1575 renounce allegiance to Philippe II,79
Zierikzee: in June 1576 is besieged and taken by the Spaniards,78
Zutphen: treatment of by Don Frederic de Toledo, son of the duke of Alva,66; in September 1583 it is betrayed to the Spaniards,96; on the 23rd of May 1591 it is recovered by the patriots,109
Zuyder Zee: is formed in the thirteenth century of our era,43
van der Aa’sBiographisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden: references to, 173 and250
Appel, Ferdinandus: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel,226; further mention of,246
Arboriculture: instructions of the directors concerning,188; which are carried out by the governor, ib.
Synoptical Index.
van Assenburgh, Louis: is appointed to succeed Willem Adriaan van der Stel as governor,241; in January 1708 arrives and assumes the duty,246
Bek, Rev. Hendrik: in May 1702 becomes clergyman of Drakenstein,198; in April 1707 is transferred to Stellenbosch,200
Bogaert, Abraham: takes charge of the document containing the complaints of the burghers,228
Bogaert’sHistorisch Verhaal: reference to,211
le Boucq, Rev. Engelbertus: account of,199
van Brakel, Jacobus: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 230, 232, and242
Bushmen: particulars concerning,188,194et seq.
van der Byl, Pieter: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel,226; further mention of,246
Charges against Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel: list of,221
Church building: in January 1704 the first in Capetown is opened for use,198
Cloete, Jacob: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel,229
Colonists: at the beginning of the eighteenth century are rapidly increasing in number,204
Company’s garden in Capetown: particulars concerning,190
Condition of the Cape settlement when Willem Adriaan van der Stel becomes governor,181
Constantia farm: on the 13th of July 1685 is granted to Commander Simon van der Stel by the lord of Mydrecht,179
Conterman, Hans Jacob: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel,227
Corruption: at the beginning of the eighteenth century is generally prevalent in the East India Company’s service,205; means adopted to prevent it,206
Council of Policy: during the administration of Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel meetings are only held at long intervals,215
Drakenstein: is settled under Simon van der Stel’s supervision,177
Du Bois’sVies des Gouverneurs Generaux: reference to,173
Dutch and German settlers: are sent to South Africa from 1700 to 1707, when emigration is stopped,185