The Gresham PressUNWIN BROTHERS,WOKING AND LONDON.
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T. FISHER UNWIN, Publisher,
A SERIES OF POPULAR HISTORIES.
Each Volume is furnished with Maps, Illustrations, and Index. Large Crown 8vo., fancy cloth, gold lettered, or Library Edition, dark cloth, burnished red top,5s.each.—Or may be had in half Persian, cloth sides, gilt tops; Price on Application.
1.Rome.ByArthur Gilman, M.A.2.The Jews.By ProfessorJ. K. Hosmer.3.Germany.By the Rev.S. Baring-Gould.4.Carthage.By ProfessorAlfred J. Church.5.Alexander’s Empire.By Prof.J. P. Mahaffy.6.The Moors in Spain.ByStanley Lane-Poole.7.Ancient Egypt.By Prof.George Rawlinson.8.Hungary.By Prof.Arminius Vambery.9.The Saracens.ByArthur Gilman, M.A.10.Ireland.By the Hon.Emily Lawless.11.Chaldea.ByZenaide A. Ragozin.12.The Goths.ByHenry Bradley.13.Assyria.ByZenaide A. Ragozin.14.Turkey.ByStanley Lane-Poole.15.Holland.By ProfessorJ. E. Thorold Rogers.16.Mediæval France.ByGustave Masson.17.Persia.ByS. G. W. Benjamin.18.Phœnicia.By Prof.George Rawlinson.19.Media.ByZenaide A. Ragozin.20.The Hansa Towns.ByHelen Zimmern.21.Early Britain.By ProfessorAlfred J. Church.22.The Barbary Corsairs.ByStanley Lane-Poole.23.Russia.ByW. R. Morfill.24.The Jews under the Roman Empire.ByW. D. Morrison.25.Scotland.ByJohn MacKintosh, LL.D.26.Switzerland.ByR. SteadandLina Hug.27.Mexico.BySusan Hale.28.Portugal.ByH. Morse Stephens.29.The Normans.BySarah Orne Jewett.30.The Byzantine Empire.ByC. W. C. Oman, M.A.31.Sicily: Phœnician, Greek and Roman.By the lateE. A. Freeman.32.The Tuscan and Genoa Republics.ByBella Duffy.33.Poland.ByW. R. Morfill.34.Parthia.By Prof.George Rawlinson.35.The Australian Commonwealth.ByGreville Tregarthen.36.Spain.ByH. E. Watts.37.Japan.ByDavid Murray, Ph.D.38.South Africa.ByGeorge M. Theal.39.Venice.By the Hon.Alethea Wiel.40.The Crusades: The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. ByT. A. ArcherandCharles L. Kingsford.41.Vedic India.ByZenaide A. Ragozin.42.The West Indies and the Spanish Main.ByJames Rodway, F.L.S.43.Bohemia.ByC. E. Maurice.44.The Balkans.ByW. Miller.45.Canada.By Dr.Bourinot.46.British India.ByR. W. Frazer, LL.B.47.Modern France.ByAndré le Bon.The Franks.ByLewis Sergeant, B.A.
1.Rome.ByArthur Gilman, M.A.
2.The Jews.By ProfessorJ. K. Hosmer.
3.Germany.By the Rev.S. Baring-Gould.
4.Carthage.By ProfessorAlfred J. Church.
5.Alexander’s Empire.By Prof.J. P. Mahaffy.
6.The Moors in Spain.ByStanley Lane-Poole.
7.Ancient Egypt.By Prof.George Rawlinson.
8.Hungary.By Prof.Arminius Vambery.
9.The Saracens.ByArthur Gilman, M.A.
10.Ireland.By the Hon.Emily Lawless.
11.Chaldea.ByZenaide A. Ragozin.
12.The Goths.ByHenry Bradley.
13.Assyria.ByZenaide A. Ragozin.
14.Turkey.ByStanley Lane-Poole.
15.Holland.By ProfessorJ. E. Thorold Rogers.
16.Mediæval France.ByGustave Masson.
17.Persia.ByS. G. W. Benjamin.
18.Phœnicia.By Prof.George Rawlinson.
19.Media.ByZenaide A. Ragozin.
20.The Hansa Towns.ByHelen Zimmern.
21.Early Britain.By ProfessorAlfred J. Church.
22.The Barbary Corsairs.ByStanley Lane-Poole.
23.Russia.ByW. R. Morfill.
24.The Jews under the Roman Empire.ByW. D. Morrison.
25.Scotland.ByJohn MacKintosh, LL.D.
26.Switzerland.ByR. SteadandLina Hug.
27.Mexico.BySusan Hale.
28.Portugal.ByH. Morse Stephens.
29.The Normans.BySarah Orne Jewett.
30.The Byzantine Empire.ByC. W. C. Oman, M.A.
31.Sicily: Phœnician, Greek and Roman.By the lateE. A. Freeman.
32.The Tuscan and Genoa Republics.ByBella Duffy.
33.Poland.ByW. R. Morfill.
34.Parthia.By Prof.George Rawlinson.
35.The Australian Commonwealth.ByGreville Tregarthen.
36.Spain.ByH. E. Watts.
37.Japan.ByDavid Murray, Ph.D.
38.South Africa.ByGeorge M. Theal.
39.Venice.By the Hon.Alethea Wiel.
40.The Crusades: The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. ByT. A. ArcherandCharles L. Kingsford.
41.Vedic India.ByZenaide A. Ragozin.
42.The West Indies and the Spanish Main.ByJames Rodway, F.L.S.
43.Bohemia.ByC. E. Maurice.
44.The Balkans.ByW. Miller.
45.Canada.By Dr.Bourinot.
46.British India.ByR. W. Frazer, LL.B.
47.Modern France.ByAndré le Bon.
The Franks.ByLewis Sergeant, B.A.
“Such a universal history as the series will present us with in its completion will be a possession such as no country but our own can boast of.... Its success on the whole has been very remarkable.”—Daily Chronicle.
EDITED BYH. F. WILSON
A Set of10Volumes, each with Photogravure Frontispiece,and Map, large crown 8vo., cloth,5s.each.
The completion of the Sixtieth year of the Queen’s reign will be the occasion of much retrospect and review, in the course of which the great men who, under the auspices of Her Majesty and her predecessors, have helped to make the British Empire what it is to-day, will naturally be brought to mind. Hence the idea of the present series. These biographies, concise but full, popular but authoritative, have been designed with the view of giving in each case an adequate picture of the builder in relation to his work.
The series will be under the general editorship of Mr. H. F. Wilson, formerly Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and now private secretary to the Right Hon. J. Chamberlain at the Colonial Office. Each volume will be placed in competent hands, and will contain the best portrait obtainable of its subject, and a map showing his special contribution to the Imperial edifice. The first to appear will be a Life of Sir Walter Ralegh, by Major Hume, the learned author of “The Year after the Armada.” Others in contemplation will deal with the Cabots, the quarter-centenary of whose sailing from Bristol has recently been celebrated in that city, as well as in Canada and Newfoundland; Sir Thomas Maitland, the “King Tom” of the Mediterranean; Rajah Brooke, Sir Stamford Raffles, Lord Clive, Edward Gibbon Wakefield, Zachary Macaulay, &c., &c.
The Series has taken for its motto the Miltonic prayer:—
“Thou Who of Thy free grace didst build up this BrittannickEmpire to a glorious and enviable heighth, with all herDaughter Islands about her, stay us in this felicitie.”
1.SIR WALTER RALEGH.ByMartin A. S. Hume, Author of “The Courtships of Queen Elizabeth,” &c.2.SIR THOMAS MAITLAND; the Mastery of the Mediterranean. ByWalter Frewen Lord.3.JOHN CABOT AND HIS SONS; the Discovery of North America. ByC. Raymond Beazley, M.A.4.LORD CLIVE; the Foundation of British Rule in India. By SirA. J. Arbuthnot, K.C.S.I., C.I.E.5.EDWARD GIBBON WAKEFIELD; the Colonisation of South Australia and New Zealand. ByR. Garnett, C.B., LL.D.6.RAJAH BROOKE; the Englishman as Ruler of an Eastern State. By SirSpenser St. John, G.C.M.G.7.ADMIRAL PHILIP; the Founding of New South Wales. ByLouis BeckeandWalter Jeffery.8.SIR STAMFORD RAFFLES; England in the Far East. By the Editor.
1.SIR WALTER RALEGH.ByMartin A. S. Hume, Author of “The Courtships of Queen Elizabeth,” &c.
2.SIR THOMAS MAITLAND; the Mastery of the Mediterranean. ByWalter Frewen Lord.
3.JOHN CABOT AND HIS SONS; the Discovery of North America. ByC. Raymond Beazley, M.A.
4.LORD CLIVE; the Foundation of British Rule in India. By SirA. J. Arbuthnot, K.C.S.I., C.I.E.
5.EDWARD GIBBON WAKEFIELD; the Colonisation of South Australia and New Zealand. ByR. Garnett, C.B., LL.D.
6.RAJAH BROOKE; the Englishman as Ruler of an Eastern State. By SirSpenser St. John, G.C.M.G.
7.ADMIRAL PHILIP; the Founding of New South Wales. ByLouis BeckeandWalter Jeffery.
8.SIR STAMFORD RAFFLES; England in the Far East. By the Editor.
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[1]The usual contraction for Magister, indicating his university degree of Artium Magister or M.A.
[1]The usual contraction for Magister, indicating his university degree of Artium Magister or M.A.
[2]The College of Physicians still possess a little whalebone rod tipped with silver which Harvey is said to have used in demonstrating his Lumleian lectures.
[2]The College of Physicians still possess a little whalebone rod tipped with silver which Harvey is said to have used in demonstrating his Lumleian lectures.
[3]P.54.
[3]P.54.
[4]The reference is to the passage in Gerarde’s “Herbal,” giving an account of the miraculous origin of the Solan Goose. It runs: “But what our eyes have seen and hands have touched we shall declare. There is a small island in Lancashire called the Pile of Foulders, wherein are found the broken pieces of old and bruised ships, some whereof have been cast thither by shipwreck, and also the trunks and bodies with the branches of old and rotten trees cast up there likewise, whereon is found a certain spume or froth that in time breedeth unto certain shells, in shape like those of a mussel, but sharper pointed, and of a whitish colour wherein is contained in form like a lace of silk finely woven as it were together, of a whitish colour, one end whereof is fastened unto the inside of the shell, even as the fish of oysters and mussels are; the other end is made fast to the belly of a rude mass or lump, which in time cometh to the shape and form of a Bird; when it is perfectly formed the shell gapeth open, and the first thing that appeareth is the aforesaid lace or string; next come the legs of the bird hanging out, and as it groweth greater it openeth the shell by degrees till at length it is all come forth and hangeth only by the bill; in short space after it cometh to full maturity and falleth into the sea, where it gathereth feathers and groweth to a fowl bigger than a mallard and lesser than a goose, having black legs and bill or beak, and feathers black and white, spotted in such manner as is our Magpie... which the people of Lancashire call by no other name than a tree goose; which place aforesaid and all those parts adjoining do so much abound therewith, that one of the best is bought for threepence. For the truth hereof if any doubt, may it please them to repair unto me, and I shall satisfy them by the testimony of good witnesses” (Gerarde’s “Herbal,”A.D.1636, p. 1588, chap. 171. “Of the Goose Tree, Barnacle Tree, or the Tree-bearing Goose”).A solan goose was looked upon for many years as a delicacy. Pennant states that about the middle of the seventeenth century a young one was sold for 20d.He also quotes the following newspaper cutting:—“Solan Goose.—There is to be sold by John Walton, Jun., at his stand at the Poultry, Edinburgh, all lawful days in the week, wind and weather serving, good and fresh solan geese. Any who have occasion for the same, may have them at reasonable rates.—Aug. 5, 1768.”
[4]The reference is to the passage in Gerarde’s “Herbal,” giving an account of the miraculous origin of the Solan Goose. It runs: “But what our eyes have seen and hands have touched we shall declare. There is a small island in Lancashire called the Pile of Foulders, wherein are found the broken pieces of old and bruised ships, some whereof have been cast thither by shipwreck, and also the trunks and bodies with the branches of old and rotten trees cast up there likewise, whereon is found a certain spume or froth that in time breedeth unto certain shells, in shape like those of a mussel, but sharper pointed, and of a whitish colour wherein is contained in form like a lace of silk finely woven as it were together, of a whitish colour, one end whereof is fastened unto the inside of the shell, even as the fish of oysters and mussels are; the other end is made fast to the belly of a rude mass or lump, which in time cometh to the shape and form of a Bird; when it is perfectly formed the shell gapeth open, and the first thing that appeareth is the aforesaid lace or string; next come the legs of the bird hanging out, and as it groweth greater it openeth the shell by degrees till at length it is all come forth and hangeth only by the bill; in short space after it cometh to full maturity and falleth into the sea, where it gathereth feathers and groweth to a fowl bigger than a mallard and lesser than a goose, having black legs and bill or beak, and feathers black and white, spotted in such manner as is our Magpie... which the people of Lancashire call by no other name than a tree goose; which place aforesaid and all those parts adjoining do so much abound therewith, that one of the best is bought for threepence. For the truth hereof if any doubt, may it please them to repair unto me, and I shall satisfy them by the testimony of good witnesses” (Gerarde’s “Herbal,”A.D.1636, p. 1588, chap. 171. “Of the Goose Tree, Barnacle Tree, or the Tree-bearing Goose”).
A solan goose was looked upon for many years as a delicacy. Pennant states that about the middle of the seventeenth century a young one was sold for 20d.He also quotes the following newspaper cutting:—“Solan Goose.—There is to be sold by John Walton, Jun., at his stand at the Poultry, Edinburgh, all lawful days in the week, wind and weather serving, good and fresh solan geese. Any who have occasion for the same, may have them at reasonable rates.—Aug. 5, 1768.”
[5]The outhouses, Sir James Paget tells us, were the Lock Hospitals belonging to St. Bartholomew’s Hospital. There were two outhouses, one in Kent Street, Southwark, the other in Kingsland. They were founded originally as Lazar-houses for the use of lepers. The “Lock” in the Borough was used for women; the “Spital” in Kingsland for men. Each contained about thirty beds and was under the charge of a guider, guide or surgeon, who was appointed by the Governors of the Hospital, and received from them in Harvey’s time an annual stipend of four pounds a year and fourpence a day for the diet of each patient under their care.
[5]The outhouses, Sir James Paget tells us, were the Lock Hospitals belonging to St. Bartholomew’s Hospital. There were two outhouses, one in Kent Street, Southwark, the other in Kingsland. They were founded originally as Lazar-houses for the use of lepers. The “Lock” in the Borough was used for women; the “Spital” in Kingsland for men. Each contained about thirty beds and was under the charge of a guider, guide or surgeon, who was appointed by the Governors of the Hospital, and received from them in Harvey’s time an annual stipend of four pounds a year and fourpence a day for the diet of each patient under their care.
[6]This and the two following regulations illustrate in a very remarkable manner the complete subjection in which the physicians held the surgeons in Harvey’s time and for many subsequent years. It was not until Abernethy was surgeon to the hospital, at the beginning of the century, that the surgeons were allowed to prescribe more than a black draught or blue pill for their patients until the prescription had been countersigned by one of the physicians.
[6]This and the two following regulations illustrate in a very remarkable manner the complete subjection in which the physicians held the surgeons in Harvey’s time and for many subsequent years. It was not until Abernethy was surgeon to the hospital, at the beginning of the century, that the surgeons were allowed to prescribe more than a black draught or blue pill for their patients until the prescription had been countersigned by one of the physicians.
[7]And no wonder, for it meant that their prescriptions were to be made public, whilst those of the Physician were kept secret [sec. 16], and at this time every practitioner had some secret remedy in which he put especial trust.
[7]And no wonder, for it meant that their prescriptions were to be made public, whilst those of the Physician were kept secret [sec. 16], and at this time every practitioner had some secret remedy in which he put especial trust.
[8]The kindness of Dr. Norman Moore enables me to reproduce a facsimile of Harvey’s handwriting taken from his “muscular lecture.” The block appeared originally in theLancet, vol. i., 1895, p. 136.
[8]The kindness of Dr. Norman Moore enables me to reproduce a facsimile of Harvey’s handwriting taken from his “muscular lecture.” The block appeared originally in theLancet, vol. i., 1895, p. 136.
[9]Perhaps the Essay on the Circulation of the Blood addressed to Riolanus, published at Cambridge in 1649.
[9]Perhaps the Essay on the Circulation of the Blood addressed to Riolanus, published at Cambridge in 1649.
[10]Thesystoleof the heart means its contraction: thediastoleof the heart means its dilatation.
[10]Thesystoleof the heart means its contraction: thediastoleof the heart means its dilatation.
[11]Cardinal Nicholas de Cusa [Cusanus] is said to have counted the pulse by a clock about the middle of the sixteenth century, but Dr. Norman Moore points out to me that in reality he counted the water-clock, then in use, by the pulse. The number of pulse-beats was not measured by means of a watch until after the publication, in 1707, of Sir John Floyer’s book, “The Physician’s Pulse-watch, or an Essay to explain the old art of feeling the Pulse.” In the time of Harvey and long afterwards physicians contented themselves with estimating the character of the pulse, rather than its precise rate.
[11]Cardinal Nicholas de Cusa [Cusanus] is said to have counted the pulse by a clock about the middle of the sixteenth century, but Dr. Norman Moore points out to me that in reality he counted the water-clock, then in use, by the pulse. The number of pulse-beats was not measured by means of a watch until after the publication, in 1707, of Sir John Floyer’s book, “The Physician’s Pulse-watch, or an Essay to explain the old art of feeling the Pulse.” In the time of Harvey and long afterwards physicians contented themselves with estimating the character of the pulse, rather than its precise rate.
[12]Dr. Norman Moore suggests that this young nobleman was possibly Philip Herbert (d.1669), son of Philip Herbert, the second son of Henry, Earl of Pembroke (d.1648), created Earl of Montgomery 1605-1606, and Lord Chamberlain.
[12]Dr. Norman Moore suggests that this young nobleman was possibly Philip Herbert (d.1669), son of Philip Herbert, the second son of Henry, Earl of Pembroke (d.1648), created Earl of Montgomery 1605-1606, and Lord Chamberlain.
Transcriber's Notes:Obvious printer's errors have been repaired, other inconsistent spellings have been kept, including inconsistent use of hyphen (e.g. "blood-vessels" and "blood vessels"), proper names (e.g. "Micklethwayte" and "Micklethwaite") and accent (e.g. "Tabulæ" and "tabulae").
Obvious printer's errors have been repaired, other inconsistent spellings have been kept, including inconsistent use of hyphen (e.g. "blood-vessels" and "blood vessels"), proper names (e.g. "Micklethwayte" and "Micklethwaite") and accent (e.g. "Tabulæ" and "tabulae").