Chapter 28

[455]Pitt MSS., 102. Lord Mornington deemed the surrender to the seamen destructive of all discipline in the future ("Buckingham P.," i, 373).[456]Holland, i, 84–91.[457]"H. O.," Geo. III (Domestic), 137.[458]"Report of the Comm. of Secrecy" (1799), 23; App., v, vi.[459]From Mr. Broadley's MSS.[460]Pitt MSS., 189. See, too, "Life of Wilberforce," ii, 217; Windham ("Diary," 363) saw Williams on and after 13th May.[461]J. Corbett, "England in the Seven Years' War," i, 191.[462]"Malmesbury Diaries," iii, 259–368; "Dropmore P.," iii, 239–42, 256, 287, 290.[463]Pitt MSS., 102. See Stanhope, iii, App., for the letters of the King and Pitt; "Dropmore P.," iii, 310et seq.; also C. Ballot, "Les Négociations de Lille," for an excellent account of these overtures and the European situation.[464]See Pitt's letter of 16th June to the King and new letters of Grenville in "Pitt and Napoleon Miscellanies"; "Windham's Diary," 368; C. Ballot,op. cit., ch. v and App.; Luckwaldt (viceHuffer) "Quellen," pt ii, 153, 161, 176, 183.[465]On 1st August 1797 Wilberforce wrote to Pitt a letter (the last part of which is quoted in Chapter XX of my former volume) urging him, even if the negotiation failed, to declare on what terms he would resume it. In Mr. Broadley's library is a letter of Lord Shelburne to Vergennes, dated 13th November 1782, which makes it clear that Pitt in 1782–3 was wholly against the surrender or the exchange of Gibraltar.[466]Ballot,op. cit., 302, who corrects Thiers, Sorel, and Sciout on several points.[467]"Dropmore P.," iii, 377, 380–2; "Malmesbury Diaries," iii, 590.[468]"Parl. Hist.," xxxiii, 1076; "The Early Married Life of Lady Stanley," 149.[469]Pitt MSS., 193. Mr. Abbott, afterwards Lord Colchester, differed from his patron, the Duke of Leeds, on this question. See "Lord Colchester's Diaries," i, 124–31.[470]B.M. Add. MSS., 34454.[471]"Parl. Hist.," xxxiii, 1434–54, 1481; "Mems. of Sir John Sinclair," i, 310, 311.[472]Addington's description (Pellew, "Sidmouth," i, 206) fixes the spot. Mr. A. Hawkes, in an article in the "Wimbledon Annual" for 1904, places it in front of the house called "Scio," but it must be the deeper hollow towards Kingston Vale. Caricatures of the time wrongly place the duel on the high ground near the windmill. A wag chalked on Abershaw's gibbet a figure of the two duellers, Tierney saying: "As well fire at the devil's darning-needle."[473]Pretyman MSS.; "Dropmore P.," iv, 222.[474]The hero is probably Robert Adair, the Whig "envoy" to St. Petersburg in 1791,"the youth whose daring soulWithhalf a missionsought the frozen pole."Pitt's authorship of the lines quoted above is denied by Mr. Lloyd Sanders in his Introduction to the "Anti-Jacobin" (Methuen, 1904); but his arguments are not conclusive. Lines 370–80 of "New Morality" are also said to be by Pitt.[475]In "Pitt and Napoleon Miscellanies" I shall describe Pitt's work in the national defence. See an excellent account of the popular literature of the time in "Napoleon and the Invasion of England," by H. F. B. Wheeler and A. M. Broadley, i, ch. vii.[476]Pitt MSS., 108. See "Pitt and Napoleon Miscellanies," for a fuller investigation of the Fitzwilliam affair in the light of new evidence.[477]Lecky, vii, 41–4.[478]"Dropmore P.," iii, 35–8.[479]Pitt MSS., 331.[480]Quoted by Froude, "The English in Ireland," iii, 158–61.[481]"Autobiography of Wolfe Tone," ii, chs. iv-vi; Guillon, "La France et l'Irlande."[482]"Mems. of Ld. E. Fitzgerald," ch. xx.[483]Tone, "Autob.," ii, 99.[484]"Report of the Comm. of Secrecy" (1799), 22, 25; W. J. Fitzpatrick, "Secret Service under Pitt," ch. x; C. L. Falkiner, "Studies in Irish History," ch. iv; "Castlereagh Corresp.," i, 270–88.[485]"Lord Colchester's Diary," i, 103.[486]B.M. Add. MSS., 34454.[487]Pitt MSS., 326. Quoted with other extracts from Camden's letters, in "Pitt and Napoleon Miscellanies."[488]Tone, "Autob.," ii, 272.[489]"Castlereagh Corresp.," i, 165–8.[490]B.M. Add. MSS., 27808; "Report of the Comm. of Secrecy" (1799), App. x; "Nap. Corresp.," iii, 486–92. For Place seeante, ch. vii.[491]W. J. Fitzpatrick, "Secret Service under Pitt," ch. iii; "Report of the Comm. of Secrecy" (1799), App. xxvi. For Despard, the plotter of 1802, see "Castlereagh Corresp.," i, 306, 326; ii, 4.[492]"Auckland Journals," iv, 52. I have published the statements of O'Connor, etc., and the news sent by a British agent at Hamburg, in the "Eng. Hist. Rev." for October 1910.[493]Pitt MSS., 324; B.M. Add. MSS., 27808; "Dropmore P.," iv, 167. On 24th May 1798 Thelwall wrote to Thos. Hardy from Llyswen, near Brecknock, describing his rustic retreat, and requesting a new pair of farmer's boots for "Stella." He hopes that O'Connor has returned in triumph to his friends. Tierney's vote in favour of suspending the Habeas Corpus Act does not surprise him, for he is vulgar and a sycophant. Hardy is too angry with Sheridan, whose chief offence is in going at all to the House of Commons. Sheridan surely does well in encouraging the people to resist an invasion. "I remain steady to my point—'no nation can be free but by its own efforts.' As for the French Directory and its faction, nothing appears to me to be further from their design than to leave one atom of liberty either to their own or to any nation. If, however, Mr. Sheridan supposes that all his talents can produce even a temporary unanimity while the present crew are in power, even for repelling the most inveterate enemy, he will find himself miserably mistaken. No such unanimity ever can exist: I am convinced, nay, the Ministers themselves seem determined, that itshallnot. The only way to produce the unanimity desired is to stand aloof, and let these ruffians go blundering on till our most blessed and gracious sovereign shall see that either Pitt and Co. must bow down to the will of the people or his British crown bow down to five French shillings.... But what have we to do with Directories or politics? Peaceful shades of Llyswen! shelter me beneath your luxuriant foliage: lull me to forgetfulness, ye murmuring waters of the Wye. Let me be part farmer and fisherman. But no more politics—no more politics in this bad world!" (From Mr. A. M. Broadley's MSS.)[494]Pretyman MSS. See, too, "Diary of Sir J. Moore," i, ch. xi.[495]"Castlereagh Corresp.," i, 458–67; "Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox," ii, 299–302; "Mems. of Lord E. Fitzgerald," chs. 27–30.[496]B.M. Add. MSS., 34454.[497]"Dropmore P.," iv, 230, 239.[498]B.M. Add. MSS., 34454. News received through Sir F. d'Ivernois.[499]Pretyman MSS. The King also stated that Pitt had "saved Ireland" by persuading Pelham to return and act as Chief Secretary. Pelham was a clever man, but often disabled by ill health.[500]J. Alexander, "... Rebellion in Wexford" (Dublin, 1800).[501]"Cornwallis Corresp.," ii, 395–404. For the panic in Dublin see "Dropmore P.," iv, 289et seq.Cooke wrote to Castlereagh on 28th September that the Bishop of Killala and his family were saved from slaughter by a few French officers, "who execrate our savages more than they whom they have plundered." He adds that though the United Irishmen began the plot the Catholics are turning it solely to their own interests (Pitt MSS., 327). See, too, H. F. B. Wheeler and A. M. Broadley, "The War in Wexford" (1910).[502]"F. O.," Austria, 51; "Dropmore P.," iv, 170. The French took nearly 33,000,000 francs from the Swiss cantonal treasuries.[503]Pitt MSS., 108.[504]"Dropmore P.," iv, 166, 172; "F. O.," Austria, 51. Grenville to Eden, 20th April.[505]The Earl of Crawford's MSS.[506]"F. O.," Russia, 40. Whitworth to Grenville, 6th August 1798.[507]See my Introduction to "The History of Malta, 1798–1815," by the late W. Hardman.[508]"Dropmore P.," iv, 344, 355.[509]See Rose, "Napoleonic Studies," 54–8, for this despatch of 16th November 1798.[510]For a fuller account see "Camb. Mod. Hist.," viii, ch. xxi, by the present writer.[511]"F. O.," Russia, 42. Despatches of 2nd, 8th and 25th January 1799.[512]Huffer, "Quellen," i, 23–9.[513]"Dropmore P.," iv, 297, 338, 505; "F. O.," Russia, 42.[514]"F. O.," Russia, 42. Whitworth to Grenville, 29th March.[515]"F. O.," Russia, 43. Grenville to Whitworth, 23rd June.[516]G. Caudrillier, "L'Association royaliste ... et la Conspiration anglaise en France" (Paris, 1908); Wickham, "Corresp.," ii,passim.[517]B.M. Add. MSS., 37844.[518]"Dropmore P.," v, 400. I propose to examine this campaign in "Pitt and Napoleon Miscellanies."[519]"F. O.," Russia, 43. Whitworth to Grenville, 23rd June 1799; "Dropmore P.," v, 133, 259; Windham, "Diary," 411. On 22nd July Windham urged Pitt to send a force to help the Bretons rather than to Holland. "If we succeed in France, Holland falls of course, but notvice versa" (Pitt MSS., 190).[520]Pretyman MSS.[521]That of Bruix, which after entering the Mediterranean, returned to Brest on 13th August along with the Spanish fleet.[522]The Earl of Crawford's MSS.[523]Fortescue, iv, 662, 673–6; Bunbury, "Narrative of the War (1799–1810)," 50. Hermann wrote to the Emperor blaming the British for not supporting his advance ("Dropmore P.," v, 425); but on 10th October Paul dismissed him from the Russian service ("F. O.," Russia, 44).[524]"Dropmore P.," v, 446.[525]See Rose, "Napoleon I," 240–2.[526]Cicero, Seventh Philippic, ch. iii.[527]The father of the present Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. See his work, "Ten Great and Good Men," 49.[528]Pretyman MSS.[529]Pretyman MSS.[530]Salomon, "Pitt," 599. See, too, the similar letter of Richmond to his sister, Lady Conolly, in June 1795 (Lecky, vii, 134).[531]Pitt MSS., 328.[532]Ibid., 169.[533]Porritt, ii, ch. iii; Seeley, "Stein," i, 267–82.[534]Pitt MSS., 326. For the text in full see "Pitt and Napoleon Miscellanies."[535]B.M. Add. MSS., 34454.[536]See my article in the "Eng. Hist. Rev." for October 1910.[537]B.M. Add. MSS., 34454.[538]B.M. Add. MSS., 34455.[539]Ibid.; "Cornwallis Corresp.," iii, 13.[540]Lecky, viii, 328 note.[541]"Dropmore P.," iv, 344; "Castlereagh Corresp.," i, 393.[542]"Castlereagh Corresp.," i, 424et seq.; "Cornwallis Corresp.," ii, 439–441; Brougham, "Statesmen of George III"; Lecky, viii, 311; Wilberforce ("Life," iii, 178) calls Castlereagh "a cold-blooded creature."[543]"Castlereagh Corresp.," ii, 29; "Buckingham P.," ii, 411, 412.[544]Pitt MSS., 325; "Cornwallis Corresp.," ii, 441–3.[545]Pretyman MSS.[546]Pretyman MSS. "Cornwallis Corresp.," iii, 3; Macdonagh, "The Viceroy's Post Bag," 19.[547]"Beresford Corresp.," ii, 189; "Cornwallis Corresp.," ii, 436; "Castlereagh Corresp.," i, 404.[548]For the plan and notes, see "Pitt and Napoleon Miscellanies."[549]"Cornwallis Corresp.," ii, 456, 457.[550]B.M. Add. MSS., 34455. William C. Plunket (1764–1854), born in co. Fermanagh, was called to the Irish Bar in 1787, and entered Parliament in 1798. He speedily made his mark, and in 1803 was State Prosecutor of Emmett. In Pitt's second Administration (1804) he was Solicitor-General: he was created Baron Plunket in 1827 and was Lord Chancellor of Ireland in 1830–41. William Saurin sat in the Irish Parliament as a nominee of Lord Downshire ("Cornwallis Corresp.," iii, 212).[551]"Strictures on a Pamphlet, etc.," 5 (Dublin, 1798).[552]B.M. Add. MSS., 34455. The term "Contractor" used above is equivalent to "Undertaker,"i.e., one who undertook to get business through the Irish Parliament for certain rewards (Lecky, iv, 353).[553]Pretyman MSS.[554]Pretyman MSS.; also in Pitt MSS., 327.[555]Pretyman MSS.[556]"Mems. of Fox," iii, 150; "Grattan Mems.," iv, 435.[557]Virgil, "Aen.," xii, 189–91. "As for me, I will neither bid the Italians obey the Trojans, nor do I seek a new sovereignty. Let both peoples, unsubdued, submit to an eternal compact with equal laws." The correct reading is "Nec mihi regna peto," which Pitt altered to "nova."[558]Pitt MSS., 196, 320.[559]Pretyman MSS. See "Cornwallis Corresp.," iii, 125, 210, for Unionist sentiment in Cork.[560]Pitt MSS., 189.[561]"Cornwallis Corresp.," iii, 52, 54; Hunt, "Pol. Hist. of England," x, 447.[562]B.M. Add. MSS., 35455.[563]B.M. Add. MSS., 35455.[564]"Life of Wilberforce," ii, 227.[565]These were boroughs in which all holders of tenements where a pot could be boiled had votes. See Porritt, ii, 186, 350.[566]"Castlereagh Corresp.," iv, 8–10.[567]"Cornwallis Corresp.," iii, 101, 102, 226; "Castlereagh Corresp.," iii, 260; Plowden (ii, 550), without proof, denies the existence of Downshire's fund.[568]"Castlereagh Corresp.," iii, 135, 226. On the proposed changes in the Catechism there is a longprécisin the Pretyman MSS., being a summary of the correspondence of Lords Castlereagh and Hobart with Archbishop Troy and Bishop Moylan.[569]B.M. Add. MSS., 35455; "Dropmore P.," vi, 121.[570]"Castlereagh Corresp.," iii, 263, 278.[571]M. Mac Donagh, "The Viceroy's Post-Bag," 43–53; "Cornwallis Corresp.," iii, 245, 251–6, 267, 318–21.[572]"Dropmore P.," iv, 337.[573]"Dropmore P.," v, 82; "Malmesbury Diaries," ii, 507. Sir John Macpherson called Loughborough by far the cleverest man in the country ("Glenbervie Journals," 54).[574]Campbell, viii, 172; G. Rose, "Diaries," i, 300.[575]"Malmesbury Diaries," iv, 21; "Auckland Journals," iv, 114–25.[576]"Castlereagh Corresp.," iv 8–12.[577]Ibid., iii, 418; iv, 13, 17–20.[578]Pellew, i,ad fin.The original is in "H. O.," Ireland (Corresp.), 99, together with nine others for or against Catholic Emancipation, some with notes by Castlereagh.[579]The first Imperial Parliament met on 22nd January; but time was taken up in swearing in members and choosing a Speaker. Addington was chosen. The King's Speech was fixed for 2nd February.[580]"Castlereagh Corresp.," iv, 17–20; G. Rose, "Diaries," i, 303.[581]Ibid., iv, 81.[582]G. Rose, "Diaries," i, 309; Pellew, i, 287. Addington afterwards destroyed those letters of the King to him which he considered unsuitable for publication.[583]Grenville agreed with Pitt's letter to the King, but doubted the possibility of precluding discussion on the question, as it was already in the papers. He assured Pitt that he would act closely with him (Grenville to Pitt, 1st February 1801; Pretyman MSS.). Pitt afterwards declared that his resignation was largely due to the manner in which the King opposed him.[584]"Lord Colchester's Diaries," i, 224.[585]Pitt MSS., 122.[586]Pretyman MSS.[587]"Castlereagh Corresp.," iv, 8–12. Both Grenville and Windham declared in Parliament in May 1805 that hopes were held out to the Irish Catholics, and that their support of the Union was the result (Hansard, iv, 659, 1022).[588]"H. O.," Ireland (Corresp.), 99.[589]Hansard, iv, 1015.[590]Pretyman MSS.[591]Pretyman MSS.[592]In "H. O.," Ireland (Corresp.), 99, are long reports of the Irish Catholic bishops, dated November 1800, on the state of their dioceses. The bishops' incomes did not average more than £300 a year. The Archbishops of Dublin and Tuam reckoned the total number of parish priests and curates at 1,800, of whom 1,400 were seculars and 400 regulars. The benefices numbered 1,200; each required the services of two priests. The destruction of the seminaries in France and the poverty of the Irish made it impossible to supply or support 2,400 clergy. Other papers follow for and against Catholic Emancipation. See also "Castlereagh Corresp.," iii,ad fin.[593]"Malmesbury Diaries," iv, 3, 8, 9, 14.[594]"Dropmore P.," vi, 445. Mulgrave, who knew Pitt well, was convinced of his sincerity in resigning. His letter of 9th February 1801 (quoted by R. Plumer Ward, "Memoirs," i, 44) refutes the insinuations of Sorel (vi, 101) that Pitt resigned because he could not make peace with France.[595]"Castlereagh Corresp.," iii, 285.[596]"Lord Colchester's Diaries," i, 286.

[455]Pitt MSS., 102. Lord Mornington deemed the surrender to the seamen destructive of all discipline in the future ("Buckingham P.," i, 373).

[456]Holland, i, 84–91.

[457]"H. O.," Geo. III (Domestic), 137.

[458]"Report of the Comm. of Secrecy" (1799), 23; App., v, vi.

[459]From Mr. Broadley's MSS.

[460]Pitt MSS., 189. See, too, "Life of Wilberforce," ii, 217; Windham ("Diary," 363) saw Williams on and after 13th May.

[461]J. Corbett, "England in the Seven Years' War," i, 191.

[462]"Malmesbury Diaries," iii, 259–368; "Dropmore P.," iii, 239–42, 256, 287, 290.

[463]Pitt MSS., 102. See Stanhope, iii, App., for the letters of the King and Pitt; "Dropmore P.," iii, 310et seq.; also C. Ballot, "Les Négociations de Lille," for an excellent account of these overtures and the European situation.

[464]See Pitt's letter of 16th June to the King and new letters of Grenville in "Pitt and Napoleon Miscellanies"; "Windham's Diary," 368; C. Ballot,op. cit., ch. v and App.; Luckwaldt (viceHuffer) "Quellen," pt ii, 153, 161, 176, 183.

[465]On 1st August 1797 Wilberforce wrote to Pitt a letter (the last part of which is quoted in Chapter XX of my former volume) urging him, even if the negotiation failed, to declare on what terms he would resume it. In Mr. Broadley's library is a letter of Lord Shelburne to Vergennes, dated 13th November 1782, which makes it clear that Pitt in 1782–3 was wholly against the surrender or the exchange of Gibraltar.

[466]Ballot,op. cit., 302, who corrects Thiers, Sorel, and Sciout on several points.

[467]"Dropmore P.," iii, 377, 380–2; "Malmesbury Diaries," iii, 590.

[468]"Parl. Hist.," xxxiii, 1076; "The Early Married Life of Lady Stanley," 149.

[469]Pitt MSS., 193. Mr. Abbott, afterwards Lord Colchester, differed from his patron, the Duke of Leeds, on this question. See "Lord Colchester's Diaries," i, 124–31.

[470]B.M. Add. MSS., 34454.

[471]"Parl. Hist.," xxxiii, 1434–54, 1481; "Mems. of Sir John Sinclair," i, 310, 311.

[472]Addington's description (Pellew, "Sidmouth," i, 206) fixes the spot. Mr. A. Hawkes, in an article in the "Wimbledon Annual" for 1904, places it in front of the house called "Scio," but it must be the deeper hollow towards Kingston Vale. Caricatures of the time wrongly place the duel on the high ground near the windmill. A wag chalked on Abershaw's gibbet a figure of the two duellers, Tierney saying: "As well fire at the devil's darning-needle."

[473]Pretyman MSS.; "Dropmore P.," iv, 222.

[474]The hero is probably Robert Adair, the Whig "envoy" to St. Petersburg in 1791,"the youth whose daring soulWithhalf a missionsought the frozen pole."Pitt's authorship of the lines quoted above is denied by Mr. Lloyd Sanders in his Introduction to the "Anti-Jacobin" (Methuen, 1904); but his arguments are not conclusive. Lines 370–80 of "New Morality" are also said to be by Pitt.

[474]The hero is probably Robert Adair, the Whig "envoy" to St. Petersburg in 1791,

"the youth whose daring soulWithhalf a missionsought the frozen pole."

Pitt's authorship of the lines quoted above is denied by Mr. Lloyd Sanders in his Introduction to the "Anti-Jacobin" (Methuen, 1904); but his arguments are not conclusive. Lines 370–80 of "New Morality" are also said to be by Pitt.

[475]In "Pitt and Napoleon Miscellanies" I shall describe Pitt's work in the national defence. See an excellent account of the popular literature of the time in "Napoleon and the Invasion of England," by H. F. B. Wheeler and A. M. Broadley, i, ch. vii.

[476]Pitt MSS., 108. See "Pitt and Napoleon Miscellanies," for a fuller investigation of the Fitzwilliam affair in the light of new evidence.

[477]Lecky, vii, 41–4.

[478]"Dropmore P.," iii, 35–8.

[479]Pitt MSS., 331.

[480]Quoted by Froude, "The English in Ireland," iii, 158–61.

[481]"Autobiography of Wolfe Tone," ii, chs. iv-vi; Guillon, "La France et l'Irlande."

[482]"Mems. of Ld. E. Fitzgerald," ch. xx.

[483]Tone, "Autob.," ii, 99.

[484]"Report of the Comm. of Secrecy" (1799), 22, 25; W. J. Fitzpatrick, "Secret Service under Pitt," ch. x; C. L. Falkiner, "Studies in Irish History," ch. iv; "Castlereagh Corresp.," i, 270–88.

[485]"Lord Colchester's Diary," i, 103.

[486]B.M. Add. MSS., 34454.

[487]Pitt MSS., 326. Quoted with other extracts from Camden's letters, in "Pitt and Napoleon Miscellanies."

[488]Tone, "Autob.," ii, 272.

[489]"Castlereagh Corresp.," i, 165–8.

[490]B.M. Add. MSS., 27808; "Report of the Comm. of Secrecy" (1799), App. x; "Nap. Corresp.," iii, 486–92. For Place seeante, ch. vii.

[491]W. J. Fitzpatrick, "Secret Service under Pitt," ch. iii; "Report of the Comm. of Secrecy" (1799), App. xxvi. For Despard, the plotter of 1802, see "Castlereagh Corresp.," i, 306, 326; ii, 4.

[492]"Auckland Journals," iv, 52. I have published the statements of O'Connor, etc., and the news sent by a British agent at Hamburg, in the "Eng. Hist. Rev." for October 1910.

[493]Pitt MSS., 324; B.M. Add. MSS., 27808; "Dropmore P.," iv, 167. On 24th May 1798 Thelwall wrote to Thos. Hardy from Llyswen, near Brecknock, describing his rustic retreat, and requesting a new pair of farmer's boots for "Stella." He hopes that O'Connor has returned in triumph to his friends. Tierney's vote in favour of suspending the Habeas Corpus Act does not surprise him, for he is vulgar and a sycophant. Hardy is too angry with Sheridan, whose chief offence is in going at all to the House of Commons. Sheridan surely does well in encouraging the people to resist an invasion. "I remain steady to my point—'no nation can be free but by its own efforts.' As for the French Directory and its faction, nothing appears to me to be further from their design than to leave one atom of liberty either to their own or to any nation. If, however, Mr. Sheridan supposes that all his talents can produce even a temporary unanimity while the present crew are in power, even for repelling the most inveterate enemy, he will find himself miserably mistaken. No such unanimity ever can exist: I am convinced, nay, the Ministers themselves seem determined, that itshallnot. The only way to produce the unanimity desired is to stand aloof, and let these ruffians go blundering on till our most blessed and gracious sovereign shall see that either Pitt and Co. must bow down to the will of the people or his British crown bow down to five French shillings.... But what have we to do with Directories or politics? Peaceful shades of Llyswen! shelter me beneath your luxuriant foliage: lull me to forgetfulness, ye murmuring waters of the Wye. Let me be part farmer and fisherman. But no more politics—no more politics in this bad world!" (From Mr. A. M. Broadley's MSS.)

[494]Pretyman MSS. See, too, "Diary of Sir J. Moore," i, ch. xi.

[495]"Castlereagh Corresp.," i, 458–67; "Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox," ii, 299–302; "Mems. of Lord E. Fitzgerald," chs. 27–30.

[496]B.M. Add. MSS., 34454.

[497]"Dropmore P.," iv, 230, 239.

[498]B.M. Add. MSS., 34454. News received through Sir F. d'Ivernois.

[499]Pretyman MSS. The King also stated that Pitt had "saved Ireland" by persuading Pelham to return and act as Chief Secretary. Pelham was a clever man, but often disabled by ill health.

[500]J. Alexander, "... Rebellion in Wexford" (Dublin, 1800).

[501]"Cornwallis Corresp.," ii, 395–404. For the panic in Dublin see "Dropmore P.," iv, 289et seq.Cooke wrote to Castlereagh on 28th September that the Bishop of Killala and his family were saved from slaughter by a few French officers, "who execrate our savages more than they whom they have plundered." He adds that though the United Irishmen began the plot the Catholics are turning it solely to their own interests (Pitt MSS., 327). See, too, H. F. B. Wheeler and A. M. Broadley, "The War in Wexford" (1910).

[502]"F. O.," Austria, 51; "Dropmore P.," iv, 170. The French took nearly 33,000,000 francs from the Swiss cantonal treasuries.

[503]Pitt MSS., 108.

[504]"Dropmore P.," iv, 166, 172; "F. O.," Austria, 51. Grenville to Eden, 20th April.

[505]The Earl of Crawford's MSS.

[506]"F. O.," Russia, 40. Whitworth to Grenville, 6th August 1798.

[507]See my Introduction to "The History of Malta, 1798–1815," by the late W. Hardman.

[508]"Dropmore P.," iv, 344, 355.

[509]See Rose, "Napoleonic Studies," 54–8, for this despatch of 16th November 1798.

[510]For a fuller account see "Camb. Mod. Hist.," viii, ch. xxi, by the present writer.

[511]"F. O.," Russia, 42. Despatches of 2nd, 8th and 25th January 1799.

[512]Huffer, "Quellen," i, 23–9.

[513]"Dropmore P.," iv, 297, 338, 505; "F. O.," Russia, 42.

[514]"F. O.," Russia, 42. Whitworth to Grenville, 29th March.

[515]"F. O.," Russia, 43. Grenville to Whitworth, 23rd June.

[516]G. Caudrillier, "L'Association royaliste ... et la Conspiration anglaise en France" (Paris, 1908); Wickham, "Corresp.," ii,passim.

[517]B.M. Add. MSS., 37844.

[518]"Dropmore P.," v, 400. I propose to examine this campaign in "Pitt and Napoleon Miscellanies."

[519]"F. O.," Russia, 43. Whitworth to Grenville, 23rd June 1799; "Dropmore P.," v, 133, 259; Windham, "Diary," 411. On 22nd July Windham urged Pitt to send a force to help the Bretons rather than to Holland. "If we succeed in France, Holland falls of course, but notvice versa" (Pitt MSS., 190).

[520]Pretyman MSS.

[521]That of Bruix, which after entering the Mediterranean, returned to Brest on 13th August along with the Spanish fleet.

[522]The Earl of Crawford's MSS.

[523]Fortescue, iv, 662, 673–6; Bunbury, "Narrative of the War (1799–1810)," 50. Hermann wrote to the Emperor blaming the British for not supporting his advance ("Dropmore P.," v, 425); but on 10th October Paul dismissed him from the Russian service ("F. O.," Russia, 44).

[524]"Dropmore P.," v, 446.

[525]See Rose, "Napoleon I," 240–2.

[526]Cicero, Seventh Philippic, ch. iii.

[527]The father of the present Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. See his work, "Ten Great and Good Men," 49.

[528]Pretyman MSS.

[529]Pretyman MSS.

[530]Salomon, "Pitt," 599. See, too, the similar letter of Richmond to his sister, Lady Conolly, in June 1795 (Lecky, vii, 134).

[531]Pitt MSS., 328.

[532]Ibid., 169.

[533]Porritt, ii, ch. iii; Seeley, "Stein," i, 267–82.

[534]Pitt MSS., 326. For the text in full see "Pitt and Napoleon Miscellanies."

[535]B.M. Add. MSS., 34454.

[536]See my article in the "Eng. Hist. Rev." for October 1910.

[537]B.M. Add. MSS., 34454.

[538]B.M. Add. MSS., 34455.

[539]Ibid.; "Cornwallis Corresp.," iii, 13.

[540]Lecky, viii, 328 note.

[541]"Dropmore P.," iv, 344; "Castlereagh Corresp.," i, 393.

[542]"Castlereagh Corresp.," i, 424et seq.; "Cornwallis Corresp.," ii, 439–441; Brougham, "Statesmen of George III"; Lecky, viii, 311; Wilberforce ("Life," iii, 178) calls Castlereagh "a cold-blooded creature."

[543]"Castlereagh Corresp.," ii, 29; "Buckingham P.," ii, 411, 412.

[544]Pitt MSS., 325; "Cornwallis Corresp.," ii, 441–3.

[545]Pretyman MSS.

[546]Pretyman MSS. "Cornwallis Corresp.," iii, 3; Macdonagh, "The Viceroy's Post Bag," 19.

[547]"Beresford Corresp.," ii, 189; "Cornwallis Corresp.," ii, 436; "Castlereagh Corresp.," i, 404.

[548]For the plan and notes, see "Pitt and Napoleon Miscellanies."

[549]"Cornwallis Corresp.," ii, 456, 457.

[550]B.M. Add. MSS., 34455. William C. Plunket (1764–1854), born in co. Fermanagh, was called to the Irish Bar in 1787, and entered Parliament in 1798. He speedily made his mark, and in 1803 was State Prosecutor of Emmett. In Pitt's second Administration (1804) he was Solicitor-General: he was created Baron Plunket in 1827 and was Lord Chancellor of Ireland in 1830–41. William Saurin sat in the Irish Parliament as a nominee of Lord Downshire ("Cornwallis Corresp.," iii, 212).

[551]"Strictures on a Pamphlet, etc.," 5 (Dublin, 1798).

[552]B.M. Add. MSS., 34455. The term "Contractor" used above is equivalent to "Undertaker,"i.e., one who undertook to get business through the Irish Parliament for certain rewards (Lecky, iv, 353).

[553]Pretyman MSS.

[554]Pretyman MSS.; also in Pitt MSS., 327.

[555]Pretyman MSS.

[556]"Mems. of Fox," iii, 150; "Grattan Mems.," iv, 435.

[557]Virgil, "Aen.," xii, 189–91. "As for me, I will neither bid the Italians obey the Trojans, nor do I seek a new sovereignty. Let both peoples, unsubdued, submit to an eternal compact with equal laws." The correct reading is "Nec mihi regna peto," which Pitt altered to "nova."

[558]Pitt MSS., 196, 320.

[559]Pretyman MSS. See "Cornwallis Corresp.," iii, 125, 210, for Unionist sentiment in Cork.

[560]Pitt MSS., 189.

[561]"Cornwallis Corresp.," iii, 52, 54; Hunt, "Pol. Hist. of England," x, 447.

[562]B.M. Add. MSS., 35455.

[563]B.M. Add. MSS., 35455.

[564]"Life of Wilberforce," ii, 227.

[565]These were boroughs in which all holders of tenements where a pot could be boiled had votes. See Porritt, ii, 186, 350.

[566]"Castlereagh Corresp.," iv, 8–10.

[567]"Cornwallis Corresp.," iii, 101, 102, 226; "Castlereagh Corresp.," iii, 260; Plowden (ii, 550), without proof, denies the existence of Downshire's fund.

[568]"Castlereagh Corresp.," iii, 135, 226. On the proposed changes in the Catechism there is a longprécisin the Pretyman MSS., being a summary of the correspondence of Lords Castlereagh and Hobart with Archbishop Troy and Bishop Moylan.

[569]B.M. Add. MSS., 35455; "Dropmore P.," vi, 121.

[570]"Castlereagh Corresp.," iii, 263, 278.

[571]M. Mac Donagh, "The Viceroy's Post-Bag," 43–53; "Cornwallis Corresp.," iii, 245, 251–6, 267, 318–21.

[572]"Dropmore P.," iv, 337.

[573]"Dropmore P.," v, 82; "Malmesbury Diaries," ii, 507. Sir John Macpherson called Loughborough by far the cleverest man in the country ("Glenbervie Journals," 54).

[574]Campbell, viii, 172; G. Rose, "Diaries," i, 300.

[575]"Malmesbury Diaries," iv, 21; "Auckland Journals," iv, 114–25.

[576]"Castlereagh Corresp.," iv 8–12.

[577]Ibid., iii, 418; iv, 13, 17–20.

[578]Pellew, i,ad fin.The original is in "H. O.," Ireland (Corresp.), 99, together with nine others for or against Catholic Emancipation, some with notes by Castlereagh.

[579]The first Imperial Parliament met on 22nd January; but time was taken up in swearing in members and choosing a Speaker. Addington was chosen. The King's Speech was fixed for 2nd February.

[580]"Castlereagh Corresp.," iv, 17–20; G. Rose, "Diaries," i, 303.

[581]Ibid., iv, 81.

[582]G. Rose, "Diaries," i, 309; Pellew, i, 287. Addington afterwards destroyed those letters of the King to him which he considered unsuitable for publication.

[583]Grenville agreed with Pitt's letter to the King, but doubted the possibility of precluding discussion on the question, as it was already in the papers. He assured Pitt that he would act closely with him (Grenville to Pitt, 1st February 1801; Pretyman MSS.). Pitt afterwards declared that his resignation was largely due to the manner in which the King opposed him.

[584]"Lord Colchester's Diaries," i, 224.

[585]Pitt MSS., 122.

[586]Pretyman MSS.

[587]"Castlereagh Corresp.," iv, 8–12. Both Grenville and Windham declared in Parliament in May 1805 that hopes were held out to the Irish Catholics, and that their support of the Union was the result (Hansard, iv, 659, 1022).

[588]"H. O.," Ireland (Corresp.), 99.

[589]Hansard, iv, 1015.

[590]Pretyman MSS.

[591]Pretyman MSS.

[592]In "H. O.," Ireland (Corresp.), 99, are long reports of the Irish Catholic bishops, dated November 1800, on the state of their dioceses. The bishops' incomes did not average more than £300 a year. The Archbishops of Dublin and Tuam reckoned the total number of parish priests and curates at 1,800, of whom 1,400 were seculars and 400 regulars. The benefices numbered 1,200; each required the services of two priests. The destruction of the seminaries in France and the poverty of the Irish made it impossible to supply or support 2,400 clergy. Other papers follow for and against Catholic Emancipation. See also "Castlereagh Corresp.," iii,ad fin.

[593]"Malmesbury Diaries," iv, 3, 8, 9, 14.

[594]"Dropmore P.," vi, 445. Mulgrave, who knew Pitt well, was convinced of his sincerity in resigning. His letter of 9th February 1801 (quoted by R. Plumer Ward, "Memoirs," i, 44) refutes the insinuations of Sorel (vi, 101) that Pitt resigned because he could not make peace with France.

[595]"Castlereagh Corresp.," iii, 285.

[596]"Lord Colchester's Diaries," i, 286.

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