APRIL 1879.

APRIL 1879.GENERAL LISTS OF NEW WORKSPUBLISHED BYMessrs.LONGMANS, GREEN & CO.PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON.HISTORY, POLITICS, HISTORICAL MEMOIRS &c.Armitage’s Childhood of the English Nation. Fcp. 8vo. 2s.6d.Arnold’s Lectures on Modern History. 8vo. 7s.6d.Bagehot’s Literary Studies. 2 vols. 8vo. 28s.Buckle’s History of Civilisation. 3 vols. crown 8vo. 24s.Chesney’s Indian Polity. 8vo. 21s.—    Waterloo Lectures. 8vo. 10s.6d.Digby’s Famine Campaign in India. 2 vols. 8vo. 32s.Durand’s First Afghan War. Crown 8vo.Epochs of Ancient History:—Beesly’s Gracchi, Marius, and Sulla, 2s.6d.Capes’s Age of the Antonines, 2s.6d.—    Early Roman Empire, 2s.6d.Cox’s Athenian Empire, 2s.6d.—    Greeks and Persians, 2s.6d.Curteis’s Rise of the Macedonian Empire, 2s.6d.Ihne’s Rome to its Capture by the Gauls, 2s.6d.Merivale’s Roman Triumvirates, 2s.6d.Sankey’s Spartan and Theban Supremacies, 2s.6d.Epochs of English History:—Creighton’s Shilling History of England (Introductory Volume). 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Nimmo, Edinburgh.[3]The following table, taken from Croal’sBook about Travelling, p. 575, shows the extent of the railway system in 1875 on the European Continent:—Miles of Railway.Square Miles of Territoryto each Mile of Line.Belgium,2,1745Switzerland,1,30011German Empire,14,47212France,12,37614Denmark,56118Netherlands,1,01620Austria and Hungary,10,15420Italy,4,81723Spain,3,82250Roumania,77059Portugal,59661Sweden,2,23763Turkey in Europe,965138Russia in Europe,11,591157Norway,339387Greece,72,658[4]The normal value of a sovereign is 25 francs 20 centimes.[5]It may be interesting to give, as far as I have preserved note of it, the rate of exchange received at different places during part of the period we were away:—AtCannes,Nov.1876,per £,25·75”Mentone,Dec.””25·25””thereafter,”25·”Nice,February1877,”25·75”San Remo,March””27·20”Genoa,”””27·10”Rome,23d”””27·03””19thApril””27·90”Florence,28th”””28·10””7thMay””28·15””12th”””28·10”Venice,20th”””28·25””22d”””28·15”Milan,26th”””28·”Como,11thJune””27·10”Bellagio,””””27·47”Lucerne,25th”””25·15”Interlachen,13thJuly””25·10”Paris,Aug.””25·”Interlachen,””””25·10”Montreux,8thSept.””25·12”Biarritz,Oct.””25·”Pau,18th”””25·05””21st”””25·12”Cannes,Nov.””25·06”San Remo,March1878,”27·03””April””27·45””””””27·37[6]Little monthly time bills or leaflets can be got at the Company’s offices in London and Paris, for which see Bradshaw. Some of them also, like Cook’s and Gaze’s Lists, contain through fares to most places on the Continent.[7]A quarto publication, calledVoyages circulaires viâ le Mont Cenis et la Corniche, is issued by ‘Agence de Paris, Rue Auber 1, Maison du Grand Hotel,’ containing circular tours in Italy, starting from Paris, Nice, and Marseilles.[8]The following may be given as specimens of the menu:—At the Grand Hotel du Louvre, Paris.Potage.—Consommé aux Quenelles; Hors d’œuvre; Melon.Relevées.—Saumon Sauce Hollandaise; Pommes de terre nature; Train de Côtes à la broche; Aubergines à la Provençale.Entrées.—Timbales à la Joinville; Poulardes à la Demidoff.Rot.—Canetons de Rouen au Cresson; Salade de Romaine.Entremets.—Petits Pois à l’Anglaise; Biscuits Princesse; Garnis d’Allumettes.Desserts.At a Provincial Hotel in France, somewhat more meagre than usual, however (verbatim).Potage.—Tapioca.Relevées.—Epigrammes d’Agneau Bretonne.Entrées.—Poulets Sautés Maringa.Legumes.—Choux de Bruxelles.Rôtis.—Ros bief.Entremets.—Charlotte de Pommes Parisien, etc.Dessert.[9]A Winter’s Sketches in the South of France and the Pyrenees, p. 7.[10]At Naples I sat next a German who helped himself to four thick slices of roast beef, then, according to German custom, began by placing one above another, and cutting the whole into little squares by drawing his knife first lengthways and then crossways through them, and having so divided the beef, took his knife and shovelled, in quick succession, all the pieces into his mouth. Fish is often a scarce commodity, yet I have seen German ladies, after having liberally helped themselves to it, call for more as they would for more of any other course, though it is unusual for others to ask a second supply of any course.[11]Since this chapter was written, alterations have been made on the French postal rates, and,inter alia, the postage to England is reduced to 25 centimes, and for the interior to 15 centimes; but I have allowed the text to stand as referring to the time we were away. There may be other changes of which I am not aware.[12]TheGuide, arranged alphabetically, contains information regarding the following countries and places:—Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Holland, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey in Europe, and the Mediterranean. In Denmark and Greece the number of Protestant churches is very limited. The Mediterranean embraces fifty-four towns, including towns in Egypt and Palestine.[13]The figures in this chapter are all given subject to correction.[14]Bowing the head or bowing the knee at the mention of the name of Jesus, is one of those literal renderings sometimes put upon words of Scripture, of which in reading through, long ago, as a student, theCorpus Juris Canonici, I found examples. The subject is disposed of in Mr. Thomas Spalding’sScripture Difficulties, p. 269.[15]In Mr. Birrel’s interestingLife of Dr. Brock, a man of great power and, I believe, of much liberality of mind, the following passage (p. 241) occurs in reference to a Sunday in crossing the Atlantic:—’Next day was all that a Sunday at home could be. We had service, Mr. Nolan again officiating—the captain, however, this time reading the prayers himself. One thing struck me painfully: when the absolution came to be read, the captain gave way to the priest, who alone stood and alone spoke; he alone had authority in the great matter of remission. The captain had none. Of what is this the germ?’[16]A French kilometre is equal to 1093·633 yards; an English mile is 1760 yards. Two miles are therefore more than three kilometres, and two kilometres are equal to about one mile and a quarter (1¼). But all the foreign measures differ, and it is puzzling therefore to know from the railway guides and others what are the distances in English miles. A uniform mileage system would be exceedingly useful. In fact, the statesman who could effect uniformity in measures, weights, and coinage throughout Europe, would do more real good than is obtained by more glittering acts.[17]VideFiguier’sWorld before the Deluge, p. 317.[18]I have seen the numbers produced by a single insect in the course of a year stated in a newspaper, but unfortunately did not preserve a note of the information, which is not given in the usual books about insects.[19]It would be hardly possible for me to give from recollection a complete list of all the hotels and pensions in Mentone, but I may note some at least of the most prominent. Having had friends in many of them, we had occasional opportunities of seeing them, and learning a little regarding them; but only residence in each could enable anybody to speak authoritatively, and therefore observations now made must be taken in a very general way, and subject to all allowances, and as perhaps mistaken.At the extreme west, the Pavillon is, I believe, a well-appointed hotel; but it is fully half a mile outside the town, to some a recommendation. Between it and a small house, now called the Hotel Anglo-Americaine, near to the Boirigo Bridge, there are several elegant villas, some of them to let furnished. East of this bridge, facing the promenade, are the Pension Condamine (small and moderate) and some other minor houses and pensions; then the Hotel de Russie (one on Gaze’s list); and crossing the Carrei, the first house beyond, and overlooking the public gardens, is called the Pension Americaine, in reality an hotel, with good cuisine, kept by an active, clever, and attentive landlady; near to it, the Pension Camous, a tall, overtopping, narrow building, at which the town street may be said to commence; adjoining it, the Pension or Hotel de Londres; and a little farther east, and more in town, the Hotels Westminster, Victoria, and Menton—all large, and, I believe, expensive; and, last of all, the Hotel du Midi. Beyond the Promenade, close to the market-place, and not far from the harbour, the Hotel Bristol. With the exception of the two last, all have gardens of more or less size between them and the promenade, and all have access on the other side to the public street.Back from or on the other side of the main street, there are many other hotels and pensions, among which may be mentioned, west of the Carrei, the Splendide (on Gaze’s list), a comfortable hotel within a garden; the Hotel du Parc, on the avenue leading to the railway station, with good rooms, although the entrance or site is not promising. On the east side of the Carrei and some way up beyond the railway, which it dominates, the Hotel du Louvre, a large, well-appointed hotel, apparently frequented by Germans and Dutch; behind it, and rather higher, there is the great Hotel des Îles Britanniques, commanding good views, in every respect first class, patronized by the English (though not exclusively so, one long table being set for the English and another long one for the foreigners). The landlord claims it to be the most expensive hotel in Mentone. Both these last-mentioned hotels are near to the railway station, but carriages have to make a circuit to reach them. Both are under shelter of an olive-covered hill rising high and steep immediately behind, which also affords similar shelter to the Hotels des Princes, Venise, D’Orient, Turin, and others, lying nearly in a line to the eastward. The D’Orient and Turin have both gardens in front,—that of the former is large, and in the garden of the latter a bed of roses flourishes in full flower all the winter through. Both are good houses, but the views from the windows and grounds are confined, and street houses shut them out almost entirely from the view of the sea. If, however, view be not considered important, the position is comparatively sheltered. There are also about this part several pensions, such as the ‘Des Alpes,’—a small house, and moderate charges.In the east bay, after passing the old town, which in the afternoon always casts a dank shadow on the part of the road which underlies it, called the Quai Bonaparte, requiring the invalid to take special precautions, and passing the drain pipe, the first hotel met is the Grande Bretagne, one of the oldest houses. It is that upon Cook’s list for Mentone, and consequently seems to be always well filled. Up on the height behind, a little to the eastward, are the Hotels d’Italie and Belle Vue, both comfortable; but the ascent to them is steep, the fatigue being, however, rewarded by the fine view from the terraces and windows. Returning to the road below, which is a part of the Corniche, we observe the East English Church, and next to it the Hotel de la Paix close to the street, but having a garden to the back. Facing it across the road is the only bathing establishment of Mentone. Adjoining its east side, but back from the road within a garden, the Hotel des Anglais where Dr. Bennett obtains his quarters. A little beyond, a small piece of ground, probably an acre in extent, has recently been acquired and laid out as a public garden, in which the band occasionally plays; and amidst a cluster of other hotels and pensions farther east, the Grand Hotel, a comfortable, large house, charging moderately. If the visitor prefer or is recommended to reside in the east bay, he will find the extreme east (called the Quartier Garavent, though so much farther from town, and though hot and dusty) is the choicer situation. There is, however, an omnibus to town every hour from the far east to about the Hotel du Pavillon, at the extreme west end.[20]A recently-published guide-book to the south of France says, with regard to Mentone:—’A kind of gloom pervades Menton. The strip of ground on which it stands is narrow, and so are the streets.’ ‘The valleys are narrow and sombre. The roads up the mountains are steep, badly paved, and are generally traversed on donkeys, which go slowly and require so much chastisement that an ordinary walker will find it less fatiguing to dispense with them.’ It also sets down the population at 12,000, and that of Cannes, by far the larger town, at 7000. These are statements which require revision, as they do not accord with the facts.[21]See Frontispiece.[22]It is impossible to place reliance on the exactness of such figures. They must throughout be taken as obtained from different sources, and possibly in no one case correct. I should, for example, here doubt whether Castiglione stands as high as the castle of Ste. Agnese.[23]It is the custom in the Riviera, and probably elsewhere in France, to give free of charge, to those who are on pension, their lunch to take with them on such excursions, which they would otherwise have had at the hotel.[24]At Biarritz a different practice prevails. Instead of beating the linen, the linen is employed to beat the stone. We have seen a lady’s fancy petticoat thus thrashed against the stones without mercy.[25]The expense of washing at Mentone, though not moderate, is less than in Paris.[26]Mr. C. Home-Douglas (p. 177) publishes observations giving much lower mean temperatures. I suppose in these matters observers seldom agree.[27]I shall use henceforth franc for lira, the Italian name, for simplicity’s sake.[28]The ceremony of baptism in the Greek Church is even more trying to the poor child. SeeThe Englishwoman in Russia, p. 265.[29]I have since seen a different account given of this stone.[30]So called from its colossal size. It is sometimes spelt Coliseum, a corruption of the word.[31]The arena of Nismes is 148 by 112 yards, height 74 feet, and accommodated 32,000 spectators; arena, 74 by 42 yards. The Colosseum, 205 by 170 yards, height 156 feet, accommodating 87,000 spectators (besides containing standing room for 23,000 more in the porticoes and surrounding passages); arena, 93 by 58 yards. But in stating these and other measurements, it is always right to keep in mind that in different books the figures do not correspond, and one well-informed and most reliable writer states the dimensions of the Colosseum at about 40 feet more each way than the above. Mr. Storey’s figures for the Colosseum also vary from the above several yards in each measurement. For a pretty full account of the Colosseum, reference may be made to Storey’sRoba di Roma, vol. i. chap. ix.[32]The extent, however, is variously computed. One writer, generally very exact, says: ‘According to Romani and Nibby’s plan of Rome,’ Caracalla’s baths ‘covered an area of 370 yards square, or 28 English acres.’ ‘Eustace makes the extent twice as great.’ Gibbon states that they were a mile in circumference, which would be 193,600 square yards, or 40 acres. Hare says they covered a space of 2,625,000 square yards, which is equal to 542 acres. It is not improbable that some measurements may refer merely to the ground covered by buildings, and that others comprehend ground not so covered. But even this explanation will not account for such extraordinary discrepancies.[33]Bædeker says: ‘At the back of the Pantheon are situated the ruins of the Thermæ of Agrippa, the proximity of which to the Pantheon once gave rise to the absurd conjecture that the temple originally belonged to the baths, and was afterwards converted into a temple.’ In a matter of this kind, however, the authority of such a man as Mr. Thomson is much to be preferred to that of any writer in a guide-book.[34]It seems that atTre Fontane, above a mile westward, which we did not visit, the Eucalyptus tree has now been largely planted; and if it will grow, it is expected to render the locality healthy.[35]Miss Kate Thompson’sHandbook to the Public Picture Galleries of Europe, Macmillan, 1877, is a useful little volume in its way, but its illustration would occupy volumes.[36]After being in several shops, we concluded that C. Roccheggiani, Via Condotti, had the largest and most varied stock.[37]This number is stated upon an authority which differs in the further figures here given, some of which seem almost incredibly large. How the 9025 baths can be reconciled with the statement (p. 299) of sixteen bathing establishments, I do not pretend to say.[38]I see it stated that in 1851 the number of Romish priests in Great Britain was 958; of Romish chapels, 683; of monasteries, 17; of religious houses for women, 53. In 1879 these numbers were increased to 1238, 1386, 118, and 272 respectively. The number of the laity doubtless has increased, though possibly, and as it is to be hoped, not correspondingly.[39]So named after the present proprietrix, Mme. Barbensi. It seems quite a foreign or at least an Italian practice to call houses after the name of the proprietor. Molini was either her maiden name or the name of the previous proprietor.[40]‘Were I now to begin the world again, I would tread in the steps of that great master; to kiss the hem of his garment, to catch the slightest of his perfections, would be glory and distinction enough for an ambitious man.’—15th Discourse.[41]A large valuable work in small folio, copiously illustrated—veritable volumesde luxe—has recently been published: ‘Venise: Histoire, Art, Industrie, la Ville, la Vie.Par Charles Yriarte.’[42]Here, as in other things, measurements differ, one authority having it 443 feet long, another 477 feet, interior measurement. Though it may be shorter than St. Paul’s of London, it is no doubt considerably wider, and covers, therefore, a greater area.[43]It is stated in one book that in December 1845 the thermometer registered as low as—82·90°, equal to about—185° Fahr. This was incredible; and on looking the Austrian official records I found it should have been—2·9°, showing with what caution such statements in non-official books should be taken.[44]Afterwards, at Interlachen, when standing on a rustic bridge, she saw a small snake crawling on the path, and called to me. It was about 15 to 18 inches long. I went and pitched it into the stream.[45]I am told the winter season is now becoming very gay and very dear too.[46]The accompanying illustration, depicting three gentlemen and seven ladies in bathing costume, was taken (tell it not in Gath) from jottings made at a safe distance. The stout lady in the centre was doubtless a Spaniard.[47]As this is passing through the press, the sad news has come which has sent a thrill of sympathy through every British breast for the heartbroken bereaved mother. Any objection on the part of France which might formerly have prevailed against her return to Biarritz, if she should desire it, can no longer possibly exist. Let us hope that a generous kindly feeling will pervade all parties in France towards one who once filled a place so high among so great a people, and upon whom such overwhelming sorrows have fallen.[48]Some additional information, particularly regarding places in the vicinity, will be found inBiarritz and Basque Countries, by Count Henry Russell, though the chapter on Biarritz itself is brief and scanty.[49]I have his third edition, published in 1861. It is possible there may be a later one. Dr. Taylor was knighted, at the request of the Emperor NapoleonIII., in recognition of his efforts to develop the resources of Pau as a residence for invalids. He has just (May 1879) died.

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HISTORY, POLITICS, HISTORICAL MEMOIRS &c.

Armitage’s Childhood of the English Nation. Fcp. 8vo. 2s.6d.Arnold’s Lectures on Modern History. 8vo. 7s.6d.Bagehot’s Literary Studies. 2 vols. 8vo. 28s.Buckle’s History of Civilisation. 3 vols. crown 8vo. 24s.Chesney’s Indian Polity. 8vo. 21s.—    Waterloo Lectures. 8vo. 10s.6d.Digby’s Famine Campaign in India. 2 vols. 8vo. 32s.Durand’s First Afghan War. Crown 8vo.Epochs of Ancient History:—Beesly’s Gracchi, Marius, and Sulla, 2s.6d.Capes’s Age of the Antonines, 2s.6d.—    Early Roman Empire, 2s.6d.Cox’s Athenian Empire, 2s.6d.—    Greeks and Persians, 2s.6d.Curteis’s Rise of the Macedonian Empire, 2s.6d.Ihne’s Rome to its Capture by the Gauls, 2s.6d.Merivale’s Roman Triumvirates, 2s.6d.Sankey’s Spartan and Theban Supremacies, 2s.6d.Epochs of English History:—Creighton’s Shilling History of England (Introductory Volume). Fcp. 8vo. 1s.Browning’s Modern England, 1820-1875, 9d.Cordery’s Struggle against Absolute Monarchy, 1603-1688, 9d.Creighton’s (Mrs.) England a Continental Power, 1066-1216, 9d.Creighton’s (Rev. M.) Tudors and the Reformation, 1485-1603, 9d.Rowley’s Rise of the People, 1215-1485, 9d.Rowley’s Settlement of the Constitution, 1688-1778, 9d.Tancock’s England during the American & European Wars, 1778-1820, 9d.York-Powell’s Early England to the Conquest, 1s.Epochs of Modern History:—Church’s Beginning of the Middle Ages, 2s.6d.Cox’s Crusades, 2s.6d.Creighton’s Age of Elizabeth, 2s.6d.Gairdner’s Houses of Lancaster and York, 2s.6d.Gardiner’s Puritan Revolution, 2s.6d.—    Thirty Years’ War, 2s.6d.Hale’s Fall of the Stuarts, 2s.6d.Johnson’s Normans in Europe, 2s.6d.Ludlow’s War of American Independence, 2s.6d.Morris’s Age of Queen Anne, 2s.6d.Seebohm’s Protestant Revolution, 2s.6d.Stubbs’s Early Plantagenets, 2s.6d.Warburton’s Edward III., 2s.6d.Froude’s English in Ireland in the 18th Century. 3 vols. 8vo. 48s.—    History of England. 12 vols. 8vo. £8. 18s.12 vols. crown 8vo. 72s.—    Julius Cæsar, a Sketch. 8vo. 16s.Gairdner’s Richard III. and Perkin Warbeck. Crown 8vo. 10s.6d.Gardiner’s England under Buckingham and Charles I., 1624-1628. 2 vols. 8vo. 24s.—    —  Personal Government of Charles I., 1628-1637. 2 vols. 8vo. 24s.Greville’s Journal of the Reigns of George IV. & William IV. 3 vols. 8vo. 36s.Hayward’s Selected Essays. 2 vols. crown 8vo. 12s.Hearn’s Aryan Household. 8vo. 16s.Howorth’s History of the Mongols. Vol. I. Royal 8vo. 28s.Ihne’s History of Rome. 3 vols. 8vo. 45s.Lecky’s History of England. Vols. I. & II., 1700-1760. 8vo. 36s.—    —  —  European Morals. 2 vols. crown 8vo. 16s.—    —  Spirit of Rationalism in Europe. 2 vols. crown 8vo. 16s.Lewes’s History of Philosophy. 2 vols. 8vo. 32s.Longman’s Lectures on the History of England. 8vo. 15s.—    Life and Times of Edward III. 2 vols. 8vo. 28s.Macaulay’s Complete Works. 8 vols. 8vo. £5. 5s.— History of England:—Student’s Edition. 2 vols. cr. 8vo. 12s.Cabinet Edition. 8 vols. post 8vo. 48s.People’s Edition. 4 vols. cr. 8vo. 16s.Library Edition. 5 vols. 8vo. £4.Macaulay’s Critical and Historical Essays. Cheap Edition. Crown 8vo. 3s.6d.Cabinet Edition. 4 vols. post 8vo. 24s.Library Edition. 3 vols. 8vo. 36s.People’s Edition. 2 vols. cr. 8vo. 8s.Student’s Edition. 1 vol. cr. 8vo. 6s.May’s Constitutional History of England. 3 vols. crown 8vo. 18s.—    Democracy in Europe. 2 vols. 8vo. 32s.Merivale’s Fall of the Roman Republic. 12mo. 7s.6d.—    General History of Rome,B.C.753—A.D.476. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.—    History of the Romans under the Empire. 8 vols. post 8vo. 48s.Phillips’s Civil War in Wales and the Marches, 1642-1649. 8vo. 16s.Prothero’s Life of Simon de Montfort. Crown 8vo. 9s.Rawlinson’s Seventh Great Oriental Monarchy—The Sassanians. 8vo. 28s.—    Sixth Oriental Monarchy—Parthia. 8vo. 16s.Seebohm’s Oxford Reformers—Colet, Erasmus, & More. 8vo. 14s.Sewell’s Popular History of France. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.Short’s History of the Church of England. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.Smith’s Carthage and the Carthaginians. Crown 8vo. 10s.6d.Taylor’s Manual of the History of India. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.Todd’s Parliamentary Government in England. 2 vols. 8vo. 37s.Trench’s Realities of Irish Life. Crown 8vo. 2s.6d.Walpole’s History of England. Vols. I. & II. 8vo. 36s.

Armitage’s Childhood of the English Nation. Fcp. 8vo. 2s.6d.Arnold’s Lectures on Modern History. 8vo. 7s.6d.Bagehot’s Literary Studies. 2 vols. 8vo. 28s.Buckle’s History of Civilisation. 3 vols. crown 8vo. 24s.Chesney’s Indian Polity. 8vo. 21s.—    Waterloo Lectures. 8vo. 10s.6d.Digby’s Famine Campaign in India. 2 vols. 8vo. 32s.Durand’s First Afghan War. Crown 8vo.Epochs of Ancient History:—

Beesly’s Gracchi, Marius, and Sulla, 2s.6d.Capes’s Age of the Antonines, 2s.6d.—    Early Roman Empire, 2s.6d.Cox’s Athenian Empire, 2s.6d.—    Greeks and Persians, 2s.6d.Curteis’s Rise of the Macedonian Empire, 2s.6d.Ihne’s Rome to its Capture by the Gauls, 2s.6d.Merivale’s Roman Triumvirates, 2s.6d.Sankey’s Spartan and Theban Supremacies, 2s.6d.

Epochs of English History:—

Creighton’s Shilling History of England (Introductory Volume). Fcp. 8vo. 1s.Browning’s Modern England, 1820-1875, 9d.Cordery’s Struggle against Absolute Monarchy, 1603-1688, 9d.Creighton’s (Mrs.) England a Continental Power, 1066-1216, 9d.Creighton’s (Rev. M.) Tudors and the Reformation, 1485-1603, 9d.Rowley’s Rise of the People, 1215-1485, 9d.Rowley’s Settlement of the Constitution, 1688-1778, 9d.Tancock’s England during the American & European Wars, 1778-1820, 9d.York-Powell’s Early England to the Conquest, 1s.

Epochs of Modern History:—

Church’s Beginning of the Middle Ages, 2s.6d.Cox’s Crusades, 2s.6d.Creighton’s Age of Elizabeth, 2s.6d.Gairdner’s Houses of Lancaster and York, 2s.6d.Gardiner’s Puritan Revolution, 2s.6d.—    Thirty Years’ War, 2s.6d.Hale’s Fall of the Stuarts, 2s.6d.Johnson’s Normans in Europe, 2s.6d.Ludlow’s War of American Independence, 2s.6d.Morris’s Age of Queen Anne, 2s.6d.Seebohm’s Protestant Revolution, 2s.6d.Stubbs’s Early Plantagenets, 2s.6d.Warburton’s Edward III., 2s.6d.

Froude’s English in Ireland in the 18th Century. 3 vols. 8vo. 48s.—    History of England. 12 vols. 8vo. £8. 18s.12 vols. crown 8vo. 72s.—    Julius Cæsar, a Sketch. 8vo. 16s.Gairdner’s Richard III. and Perkin Warbeck. Crown 8vo. 10s.6d.Gardiner’s England under Buckingham and Charles I., 1624-1628. 2 vols. 8vo. 24s.—    —  Personal Government of Charles I., 1628-1637. 2 vols. 8vo. 24s.Greville’s Journal of the Reigns of George IV. & William IV. 3 vols. 8vo. 36s.Hayward’s Selected Essays. 2 vols. crown 8vo. 12s.Hearn’s Aryan Household. 8vo. 16s.Howorth’s History of the Mongols. Vol. I. Royal 8vo. 28s.Ihne’s History of Rome. 3 vols. 8vo. 45s.Lecky’s History of England. Vols. I. & II., 1700-1760. 8vo. 36s.—    —  —  European Morals. 2 vols. crown 8vo. 16s.—    —  Spirit of Rationalism in Europe. 2 vols. crown 8vo. 16s.Lewes’s History of Philosophy. 2 vols. 8vo. 32s.Longman’s Lectures on the History of England. 8vo. 15s.—    Life and Times of Edward III. 2 vols. 8vo. 28s.Macaulay’s Complete Works. 8 vols. 8vo. £5. 5s.

— History of England:—

Macaulay’s Critical and Historical Essays. Cheap Edition. Crown 8vo. 3s.6d.

May’s Constitutional History of England. 3 vols. crown 8vo. 18s.—    Democracy in Europe. 2 vols. 8vo. 32s.Merivale’s Fall of the Roman Republic. 12mo. 7s.6d.—    General History of Rome,B.C.753—A.D.476. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.—    History of the Romans under the Empire. 8 vols. post 8vo. 48s.Phillips’s Civil War in Wales and the Marches, 1642-1649. 8vo. 16s.Prothero’s Life of Simon de Montfort. Crown 8vo. 9s.Rawlinson’s Seventh Great Oriental Monarchy—The Sassanians. 8vo. 28s.—    Sixth Oriental Monarchy—Parthia. 8vo. 16s.Seebohm’s Oxford Reformers—Colet, Erasmus, & More. 8vo. 14s.Sewell’s Popular History of France. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.Short’s History of the Church of England. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.Smith’s Carthage and the Carthaginians. Crown 8vo. 10s.6d.Taylor’s Manual of the History of India. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.Todd’s Parliamentary Government in England. 2 vols. 8vo. 37s.Trench’s Realities of Irish Life. Crown 8vo. 2s.6d.Walpole’s History of England. Vols. I. & II. 8vo. 36s.

BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS.

Burke’s Vicissitudes of Families. 2 vols. crown 8vo. 21s.Cates’s Dictionary of General Biography. Medium 8vo. 25s.Gleig’s Life of the Duke of Wellington. Crown 8vo. 6s.Jerrold’s Life of Napoleon III. Vols. I. to III. 8vo. price 18s.each.Jones’s Life of Admiral Frobisher. Crown 8vo. 6s.Lecky’s Leaders of Public Opinion in Ireland. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.Life (The) of Sir William Fairbairn. Crown 8vo. 18s.Life (The) of Bishop Frampton. Crown 8vo. 10s.6d.Life (The) and Letters of Lord Macaulay. By his Nephew, G. Otto Trevelyan,M.P. Cabinet Edition, 2 vols. post 8vo. 12s.Library Edition, 2 vols. 8vo. 36s.Marshman’s Memoirs of Havelock. Crown 8vo. 3s.6d.Memoirs of Anna Jameson, by Gerardine Macpherson. 8vo. 12s.6d.Memorials of Charlotte Williams-Wynn. Crown 8vo. 10s.6d.Mendelssohn’s Letters. Translated by Lady Wallace. 2 vols. cr. 8vo. 5s.each.Mill’s (John Stuart) Autobiography. 8vo. 7s.6d.Newman’s Apologia pro Vita Sua. Crown 8vo. 6s.Nohl’s Life of Mozart. Translated by Lady Wallace. 2 vols. crown 8vo. 21s.Pattison’s Life of Casaubon. 8vo. 18s.Spedding’s Letters and Life of Francis Bacon. 7 vols. 8vo. £4. 4s.Stephen’s Essays in Ecclesiastical Biography. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.Stigand’s Life, Works &c. of Heinrich Heine. 2 vols. 8vo. 28s.Zimmern’s Life and Works of Lessing. Crown 8vo. 10s.6d.

CRITICISM, PHILOSOPHY POLITY &c.

Amos’s View of the Science of Jurisprudence. 8vo. 18s.—    Primer of the English Constitution. Crown 8vo. 6s.Arnold’s Manual of English Literature. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.Bacon’s Essays, with Annotations by Whately. 8vo. 10s.6d.—    Works, edited by Spedding. 7 vols. 8vo. 73s.6d.Bain’s Logic, Deductive and Inductive. Crown 8vo. 10s.6d.Part I.Deduction, 4s.Part II.Induction, 6s.6d.Blackley’s German and English Dictionary. Post 8vo. 7s.6d.Bolland & Lang’s Aristotle’s Politics. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.Bullinger’s Lexicon and Concordance to the New Testament. Medium 8vo. 30s.Comte’s System of Positive Polity, or Treatise upon Sociology, translated:—Vol. I.General View of Positivism and its Introductory Principles. 8vo. 21s.Vol. II.Social Statics, or the Abstract Laws of Human Order. 14s.Vol. III.Social Dynamics, or General Laws of Human Progress. 21s.Vol. IV.Theory of the Future of Man; with Early Essays. 24s.Congreve’s Politics of Aristotle; Greek Text, English Notes. 8vo. 18s.Contanseau’s Practical French & English Dictionary. Post 8vo. 7s.6d.—    Pocket French and English Dictionary. Square 18mo. 3s.6d.Dowell’s Sketch of Taxes in England.Vol. I.to 1642. 8vo. 10s.6d.Farrar’s Language and Languages. Crown 8vo. 6s.Grant’s Ethics of Aristotle, Greek Text, English Notes. 2 vols. 8vo. 32s.Hodgson’s Philosophy of Reflection. 2 vols. 8vo. 21s.Kalisch’s Historical and Critical Commentary on the Old Testament; with aNew Translation. Vol. I.Genesis, 8vo. 18s.or adapted for the GeneralReader, 12s.Vol. II.Exodus, 15s.or adapted for the General Reader, 12s.Vol. III.Leviticus, Part I. 15s.or adapted for the General Reader, 8s.Vol. IV.Leviticus, Part II. 15s.or adapted for the General Reader, 8s.Latham’s Handbook of the English Language. Crown 8vo. 6s.—    English Dictionary. 1 vol. medium 8vo. 24s.4 vols.4to. £7.Lewis on Authority in Matters of Opinion. 8vo. 14s.Liddell & Scott’s Greek-English Lexicon. Crown 4to. 36s.—  —  —  Abridged Greek-English Lexicon. Square 12mo. 7s.6d.Longman’s Pocket German and English Dictionary. 18mo. 5s.Macaulay’s Speeches corrected by Himself. Crown 8vo. 3s.6d.Macleod’s Economical Philosophy. Vol. I. 8vo. 15s.Vol. II. Part I. 12s.Mill on Representative Government. Crown 8vo. 2s.—  —  Liberty. Post 8vo. 7s.6d.Crown 8vo. 1s.4d.Mill’s Dissertations and Discussions. 4 vols.8vo. 46s.6d.—    —  Essays on Unsettled Questions of Political Economy. 8vo. 6s.6d.—    —  Examination of Hamilton’s Philosophy. 8vo. 16s.—    —  Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive. 2 vols.8vo. 25s.—    —  Phenomena of the Human Mind.2 vols.8vo. 28s.—    —  Principles of Political Economy. 2 vols.8vo. 30s.1 vol. cr. 8vo. 5s.—    —  Subjection of Women. Crown 8vo. 6s.—    —  Utilitarianism. 8vo. 5s.Morell’s Philosophical Fragments. Crown 8vo. 5s.Müller’s (Max) Lectures on the Science of Language. 2 vols.crown 8vo. 16s.—    —  Hibbert Lectures on the Origin and Growth of Religion. 8vo. 10s.6d.Noiré on Max Müller’s Philosophy of Language. 8vo. 6s.Rich’s Dictionary of Roman and Greek Antiquities. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.Roget’s Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases. Crown 8vo. 10s.6d.Sandars’s Institutes of Justinian, with English Notes. 8vo. 18s.Swinbourne’s Picture Logic. Post 8vo. 5s.Thomson’s Outline of Necessary Laws of Thought. Crown 8vo. 6s.Tocqueville’s Democracy in America, translated by Reeve. 2 vols.crown 8vo. 16s.Twiss’s Law of Nations, 8vo. in Time of Peace, 12s.in Time of War, 21s.Whately’s Elements of Logic. 8vo. 10s.6d.Crown 8vo. 4s.6d.—    —  Rhetoric. 8vo. 10s.6d.Crown 8vo. 4s.6d.—    English Synonymes. Fcp. 8vo. 3s.White & Riddle’s Large Latin-English Dictionary. 4to. 28s.White’s College Latin-English Dictionary. Medium 8vo. 15s.—    —  Junior Student’s Complete Latin-English and English-Latin Dictionary. Square 12mo. 12s.Separately{The English-Latin Dictionary, 5s.6d.The Latin-English Dictionary, 7s.6d.White’s Middle-Class Latin-English Dictionary. Fcp. 8vo. 3s.Williams’s Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle translated. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.Yonge’s Abridged English-Greek Lexicon. Square 12mo. 8s.6d.—    Large English-Greek Lexicon. 4to. 21s.Zeller’s Socrates and the Socratic Schools. Crown 8vo. 10s.6d.—    Stoics, Epicureans, and Sceptics. Crown 8vo. 14s.—    Plato and the Older Academy. Crown 8vo. 18s.

Amos’s View of the Science of Jurisprudence. 8vo. 18s.—    Primer of the English Constitution. Crown 8vo. 6s.Arnold’s Manual of English Literature. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.Bacon’s Essays, with Annotations by Whately. 8vo. 10s.6d.—    Works, edited by Spedding. 7 vols. 8vo. 73s.6d.Bain’s Logic, Deductive and Inductive. Crown 8vo. 10s.6d.

Blackley’s German and English Dictionary. Post 8vo. 7s.6d.Bolland & Lang’s Aristotle’s Politics. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.Bullinger’s Lexicon and Concordance to the New Testament. Medium 8vo. 30s.Comte’s System of Positive Polity, or Treatise upon Sociology, translated:—

Vol. I.General View of Positivism and its Introductory Principles. 8vo. 21s.Vol. II.Social Statics, or the Abstract Laws of Human Order. 14s.Vol. III.Social Dynamics, or General Laws of Human Progress. 21s.Vol. IV.Theory of the Future of Man; with Early Essays. 24s.

Congreve’s Politics of Aristotle; Greek Text, English Notes. 8vo. 18s.Contanseau’s Practical French & English Dictionary. Post 8vo. 7s.6d.—    Pocket French and English Dictionary. Square 18mo. 3s.6d.Dowell’s Sketch of Taxes in England.Vol. I.to 1642. 8vo. 10s.6d.Farrar’s Language and Languages. Crown 8vo. 6s.Grant’s Ethics of Aristotle, Greek Text, English Notes. 2 vols. 8vo. 32s.Hodgson’s Philosophy of Reflection. 2 vols. 8vo. 21s.Kalisch’s Historical and Critical Commentary on the Old Testament; with a

New Translation. Vol. I.Genesis, 8vo. 18s.or adapted for the GeneralReader, 12s.Vol. II.Exodus, 15s.or adapted for the General Reader, 12s.Vol. III.Leviticus, Part I. 15s.or adapted for the General Reader, 8s.Vol. IV.Leviticus, Part II. 15s.or adapted for the General Reader, 8s.

Latham’s Handbook of the English Language. Crown 8vo. 6s.—    English Dictionary. 1 vol. medium 8vo. 24s.4 vols.4to. £7.Lewis on Authority in Matters of Opinion. 8vo. 14s.Liddell & Scott’s Greek-English Lexicon. Crown 4to. 36s.—  —  —  Abridged Greek-English Lexicon. Square 12mo. 7s.6d.Longman’s Pocket German and English Dictionary. 18mo. 5s.Macaulay’s Speeches corrected by Himself. Crown 8vo. 3s.6d.Macleod’s Economical Philosophy. Vol. I. 8vo. 15s.Vol. II. Part I. 12s.Mill on Representative Government. Crown 8vo. 2s.—  —  Liberty. Post 8vo. 7s.6d.Crown 8vo. 1s.4d.Mill’s Dissertations and Discussions. 4 vols.8vo. 46s.6d.—    —  Essays on Unsettled Questions of Political Economy. 8vo. 6s.6d.—    —  Examination of Hamilton’s Philosophy. 8vo. 16s.—    —  Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive. 2 vols.8vo. 25s.—    —  Phenomena of the Human Mind.2 vols.8vo. 28s.—    —  Principles of Political Economy. 2 vols.8vo. 30s.1 vol. cr. 8vo. 5s.—    —  Subjection of Women. Crown 8vo. 6s.—    —  Utilitarianism. 8vo. 5s.Morell’s Philosophical Fragments. Crown 8vo. 5s.Müller’s (Max) Lectures on the Science of Language. 2 vols.crown 8vo. 16s.—    —  Hibbert Lectures on the Origin and Growth of Religion. 8vo. 10s.6d.Noiré on Max Müller’s Philosophy of Language. 8vo. 6s.Rich’s Dictionary of Roman and Greek Antiquities. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.Roget’s Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases. Crown 8vo. 10s.6d.Sandars’s Institutes of Justinian, with English Notes. 8vo. 18s.Swinbourne’s Picture Logic. Post 8vo. 5s.Thomson’s Outline of Necessary Laws of Thought. Crown 8vo. 6s.Tocqueville’s Democracy in America, translated by Reeve. 2 vols.crown 8vo. 16s.Twiss’s Law of Nations, 8vo. in Time of Peace, 12s.in Time of War, 21s.Whately’s Elements of Logic. 8vo. 10s.6d.Crown 8vo. 4s.6d.—    —  Rhetoric. 8vo. 10s.6d.Crown 8vo. 4s.6d.—    English Synonymes. Fcp. 8vo. 3s.White & Riddle’s Large Latin-English Dictionary. 4to. 28s.White’s College Latin-English Dictionary. Medium 8vo. 15s.—    —  Junior Student’s Complete Latin-English and English-Latin Dictionary. Square 12mo. 12s.

White’s Middle-Class Latin-English Dictionary. Fcp. 8vo. 3s.Williams’s Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle translated. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.Yonge’s Abridged English-Greek Lexicon. Square 12mo. 8s.6d.—    Large English-Greek Lexicon. 4to. 21s.Zeller’s Socrates and the Socratic Schools. Crown 8vo. 10s.6d.—    Stoics, Epicureans, and Sceptics. Crown 8vo. 14s.—    Plato and the Older Academy. Crown 8vo. 18s.

MISCELLANEOUS WORKS & POPULAR METAPHYSICS.

Arnold’s (Dr. Thomas) Miscellaneous Works. 8vo. 7s.6d.Bain’s Emotions and the Will. 8vo. 15s.Bain’s Mental and Moral Science. Crown 8vo. 10s.6d.Or separately: Part I. Mental Science, 6s.6d.Part II. Moral Science, 4s.6d.—    Senses and the Intellect. 8vo. 15s.Buckle’s Miscellaneous and Posthumous Works. 3 vols. 8vo. 52s.6d.Conington’s Miscellaneous Writings. 2 vols. 8vo. 28s.Edwards’s Specimens of English Prose. 16mo. 2s.6d.Froude’s Short Studies on Great Subjects. 3 vols. crown 8vo. 18s.German Home Life, reprinted fromFraser’s Magazine. Crown 8vo. 6s.Hume’s Essays, edited by Green & Grose. 2 vols. 8vo. 28s.—    Treatise of Human Nature, edited by Green & Grose. 2 vols. 8vo. 28s.Macaulay’s Miscellaneous Writings. 2 vols. 8vo. 21s.1 vol. crown 8vo. 4s.6d.—    Writings and Speeches. Crown 8vo. 6s.Mill’s Analysis of the Phenomena of the Human Mind. 2 vols. 8vo. 28s.Müller’s (Max) Chips from a German Workshop. 4 vols. 8vo. 58s.Mullinger’s Schools of Charles the Great. 8vo. 7s.6d.Rogers’s Defence of the Eclipse of Faith Fcp. 8vo. 3s.6d.—    Eclipse of Faith. Fcp. 8vo. 5s.Selections from the Writings of Lord Macaulay. Crown 8vo. 6s.The Essays and Contributions of A. K. H. B. Crown 8vo.Autumn Holidays of a Country Parson. 3s.6d.Changed Aspects of Unchanged Truths. 3s.6d.Common-place Philosopher in Town and Country. 3s.6d.Counsel and Comfort spoken from a City Pulpit. 3s.6d.Critical Essays of a Country Parson. 3s.6d.Graver Thoughts of a Country Parson. Three Series, 3s.6d.each.Landscapes, Churches, and Moralities. 3s.6d.Leisure Hours in Town. 3s.6d.Lessons of Middle Age. 3s.6d.Present-day Thoughts. 3s.6d.Recreations of a Country Parson. Three Series, 3s.6d.each.Seaside Musings on Sundays and Week-Days. 3s.6d.Sunday Afternoons in the Parish Church of a University City. 3s.6d.Wit and Wisdom of the Rev. Sydney Smith 16mo. 3s.6d.

Arnold’s (Dr. Thomas) Miscellaneous Works. 8vo. 7s.6d.Bain’s Emotions and the Will. 8vo. 15s.Bain’s Mental and Moral Science. Crown 8vo. 10s.6d.Or separately: Part I. Mental Science, 6s.6d.Part II. Moral Science, 4s.6d.—    Senses and the Intellect. 8vo. 15s.Buckle’s Miscellaneous and Posthumous Works. 3 vols. 8vo. 52s.6d.Conington’s Miscellaneous Writings. 2 vols. 8vo. 28s.Edwards’s Specimens of English Prose. 16mo. 2s.6d.Froude’s Short Studies on Great Subjects. 3 vols. crown 8vo. 18s.German Home Life, reprinted fromFraser’s Magazine. Crown 8vo. 6s.Hume’s Essays, edited by Green & Grose. 2 vols. 8vo. 28s.—    Treatise of Human Nature, edited by Green & Grose. 2 vols. 8vo. 28s.Macaulay’s Miscellaneous Writings. 2 vols. 8vo. 21s.1 vol. crown 8vo. 4s.6d.—    Writings and Speeches. Crown 8vo. 6s.Mill’s Analysis of the Phenomena of the Human Mind. 2 vols. 8vo. 28s.Müller’s (Max) Chips from a German Workshop. 4 vols. 8vo. 58s.Mullinger’s Schools of Charles the Great. 8vo. 7s.6d.Rogers’s Defence of the Eclipse of Faith Fcp. 8vo. 3s.6d.—    Eclipse of Faith. Fcp. 8vo. 5s.Selections from the Writings of Lord Macaulay. Crown 8vo. 6s.The Essays and Contributions of A. K. H. B. Crown 8vo.

Autumn Holidays of a Country Parson. 3s.6d.Changed Aspects of Unchanged Truths. 3s.6d.Common-place Philosopher in Town and Country. 3s.6d.Counsel and Comfort spoken from a City Pulpit. 3s.6d.Critical Essays of a Country Parson. 3s.6d.Graver Thoughts of a Country Parson. Three Series, 3s.6d.each.Landscapes, Churches, and Moralities. 3s.6d.Leisure Hours in Town. 3s.6d.Lessons of Middle Age. 3s.6d.Present-day Thoughts. 3s.6d.Recreations of a Country Parson. Three Series, 3s.6d.each.Seaside Musings on Sundays and Week-Days. 3s.6d.Sunday Afternoons in the Parish Church of a University City. 3s.6d.

Wit and Wisdom of the Rev. Sydney Smith 16mo. 3s.6d.

ASTRONOMY, METEOROLOGY, POPULAR GEOGRAPHY &c.

Dove’s Law of Storms, translated by Scott. 8vo. 10s.6d.Herschel’s Outlines of Astronomy. Square crown 8vo. 12s.Keith Johnston’s Dictionary of Geography, or Gazetteer. 8vo. 42s.Nelson’s Work on the Moon. Medium 8vo. 31s.6d.Proctor’s Essays on Astronomy. 8vo. 12s.—    Larger Star Atlas. Folio, 15s.or Maps only, 12s.6d.—    Moon. Crown 8vo. 10s.6d.—    New Star Atlas. Crown 8vo. 5s.—    Orbs Around Us. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.—    Other Worlds than Ours. Crown 8vo. 10s.6d.—    Saturn and its System. 8vo. 14s.—    Sun. Crown 8vo. 14s.—    Transits of Venus, Past and Coming. Crown 8vo. 8s.6d.—    Treatise on the Cycloid and Cycloidal Curves. Crown 8vo. 10s.6d.Proctor’s Universe of Stars. 8vo. 10s.6d.Schellen’s Spectrum Analysis. 8vo. 28s.Smith’s Air and Rain. 8vo. 24s.The Public Schools Atlas of Ancient Geography. Imperial 8vo. 7s.6d.—    —  —  Atlas of Modern Geography. Imperial 8vo. 5s.Webb’s Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes. New Edition in preparation.

Dove’s Law of Storms, translated by Scott. 8vo. 10s.6d.Herschel’s Outlines of Astronomy. Square crown 8vo. 12s.Keith Johnston’s Dictionary of Geography, or Gazetteer. 8vo. 42s.Nelson’s Work on the Moon. Medium 8vo. 31s.6d.Proctor’s Essays on Astronomy. 8vo. 12s.—    Larger Star Atlas. Folio, 15s.or Maps only, 12s.6d.—    Moon. Crown 8vo. 10s.6d.—    New Star Atlas. Crown 8vo. 5s.—    Orbs Around Us. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.—    Other Worlds than Ours. Crown 8vo. 10s.6d.—    Saturn and its System. 8vo. 14s.—    Sun. Crown 8vo. 14s.—    Transits of Venus, Past and Coming. Crown 8vo. 8s.6d.—    Treatise on the Cycloid and Cycloidal Curves. Crown 8vo. 10s.6d.Proctor’s Universe of Stars. 8vo. 10s.6d.Schellen’s Spectrum Analysis. 8vo. 28s.Smith’s Air and Rain. 8vo. 24s.The Public Schools Atlas of Ancient Geography. Imperial 8vo. 7s.6d.—    —  —  Atlas of Modern Geography. Imperial 8vo. 5s.Webb’s Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes. New Edition in preparation.

NATURAL HISTORY & POPULAR SCIENCE.

Arnott’s Elements of Physics or Natural Philosophy. Crown 8vo. 12s.6d.Brande’s Dictionary of Science, Literature, and Art. 3 vols. medium 8vo. 63s.Decaisne and Le Maout’s General System of Botany. Imperial 8vo. 31s.6d.Evans’s Ancient Stone Implements of Great Britain. 8vo. 28s.Ganot’s Elementary Treatise on Physics, by Atkinson. Large crown 8vo. 15s.—    Natural Philosophy, by Atkinson. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.Gore’s Art of Scientific Discovery. Crown 8vo. 15s.Grove’s Correlation of Physical Forces. 8vo. 15s.Hartwig’s Aerial World. 8vo. 10s.6d.—    Polar World. 8vo. 10s.6d.—    Sea and its Living Wonders. 8vo. 10s.6d.—    Subterranean World. 8vo. 10s.6d.Tropical World. 8vo. 10s.6d.Haughton’s Principles of Animal Mechanics. 8vo. 21s.Heer’s Primæval World of Switzerland. 2 vols. 8vo. 16s.Helmholtz’s Lectures on Scientific Subjects. 8vo. 12s.6d.Helmholtz on the Sensations of Tone, by Ellis. 8vo. 36s.Hemsley’s Handbook of Trees, Shrubs, & Herbaceous Plants. Medium 8vo. 12s.Hullah’s Lectures on the History of Modern Music. 8vo. 8s.6d.—    —    Transition Period of Musical History. 8vo. 10s.6d.Keller’s Lake Dwellings of Switzerland, by Lee. 2 vols. royal 8vo. 42s.Kirby and Spence’s Introduction to Entomology. Crown 8vo. 5s.Lloyd’s Treatise on Magnetism. 8vo. 10s.6d.—    —  on the Wave-Theory of Light. 8vo. 10s.6d.Loudon’s Encyclopædia of Plants. 8vo. 42s.Lubbock on the Origin of Civilisation & Primitive Condition of Man. 8vo. 18s.Macalister’s Zoology and Morphology of Vertebrate Animals. 8vo. 10s.6d.Nicols’ Puzzle of Life. Crown 8vo. 3s.6d.Owen’s Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of the Vertebrate Animals. 3 vols. 8vo. 73s.6d.Proctor’s Light Science for Leisure Hours. 2 vols. crown 8vo. 7s.6d.each.Rivers’s Rose Amateur’s Guide. Fcp. 8vo. 4s.6d.Stanley’s Familiar History of Birds. Fcp. 8vo. 3s.6d.Text-Books of Science, Mechanical and Physical.Abney’s Photography, small 8vo. 3s.6d.Anderson’s (Sir John) Strength of Materials, 3s.6d.Armstrong’s Organic Chemistry, 3s.6d.Barry’s Railway Appliances, 3s.6d.Bloxam’s Metals, 3s.6d.Goodeve’s Elements of Mechanism, 3s.6d.—    Principles of Mechanics, 3s.6d.Gore’s Electro-Metallurgy, 6s.Griffin’s Algebra and Trigonometry, 3s.6d.Jenkin’s Electricity and Magnetism, 3s.6d.Maxwell’s Theory of Heat, 3s.6d.Merrifield’s Technical Arithmetic and Mensuration, 3s.6d.Miller’s Inorganic Chemistry, 3s.6d.Preece & Sivewright’s Telegraphy, 3s.6d.Rutley’s Study of Rocks, 4s.6d.Shelley’s Workshop Appliances, 3s.6d.Thomé’s Structural and Physiological Botany, 6s.Thorpe’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 4s.6d.Thorpe & Muir’s Qualitative Analysis, 3s.6d.Tilden’s Chemical Philosophy, 3s.6d.Unwin’s Machine Design, 3s.6d.Watson’s Plane and Solid Geometry, 3s.6d.Tyndall on Sound. Crown 8vo. 10s.6d.—    Contributions to Molecular Physics. 8vo. 16s.—    Fragments of Science. New Edit. 2 vols. crown 8vo.  [In the press.—    Heat a Mode of Motion. Crown 8vo.—    Lectures on Electrical Phenomena. Crown 8vo. 1s.sewed, 1s.6d.cloth.—    Lectures on Light. Crown 8vo. 1s.sewed, 1s.6d.cloth.—    Lectures on Light delivered in America. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.—    Lessons in Electricity. Crown 8vo. 2s.6d.Von Cotta on Rocks, by Lawrence. Post 8vo. 14s.Woodward’s Geology of England and Wales. Crown 8vo. 14s.Wood’s Bible Animals. With 112 Vignettes. 8vo. 14s.—    Homes Without Hands. 8vo. 14s.—    Insects Abroad. 8vo. 14s.—    Insects at Home. With 700 Illustrations. 8vo. 14s.—    Out of Doors, or Articles on Natural History. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.—    Strange Dwellings. With 60 Woodcuts. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.

Arnott’s Elements of Physics or Natural Philosophy. Crown 8vo. 12s.6d.Brande’s Dictionary of Science, Literature, and Art. 3 vols. medium 8vo. 63s.Decaisne and Le Maout’s General System of Botany. Imperial 8vo. 31s.6d.Evans’s Ancient Stone Implements of Great Britain. 8vo. 28s.Ganot’s Elementary Treatise on Physics, by Atkinson. Large crown 8vo. 15s.—    Natural Philosophy, by Atkinson. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.Gore’s Art of Scientific Discovery. Crown 8vo. 15s.Grove’s Correlation of Physical Forces. 8vo. 15s.Hartwig’s Aerial World. 8vo. 10s.6d.—    Polar World. 8vo. 10s.6d.—    Sea and its Living Wonders. 8vo. 10s.6d.—    Subterranean World. 8vo. 10s.6d.Tropical World. 8vo. 10s.6d.Haughton’s Principles of Animal Mechanics. 8vo. 21s.Heer’s Primæval World of Switzerland. 2 vols. 8vo. 16s.Helmholtz’s Lectures on Scientific Subjects. 8vo. 12s.6d.Helmholtz on the Sensations of Tone, by Ellis. 8vo. 36s.Hemsley’s Handbook of Trees, Shrubs, & Herbaceous Plants. Medium 8vo. 12s.Hullah’s Lectures on the History of Modern Music. 8vo. 8s.6d.—    —    Transition Period of Musical History. 8vo. 10s.6d.Keller’s Lake Dwellings of Switzerland, by Lee. 2 vols. royal 8vo. 42s.Kirby and Spence’s Introduction to Entomology. Crown 8vo. 5s.Lloyd’s Treatise on Magnetism. 8vo. 10s.6d.—    —  on the Wave-Theory of Light. 8vo. 10s.6d.Loudon’s Encyclopædia of Plants. 8vo. 42s.Lubbock on the Origin of Civilisation & Primitive Condition of Man. 8vo. 18s.Macalister’s Zoology and Morphology of Vertebrate Animals. 8vo. 10s.6d.Nicols’ Puzzle of Life. Crown 8vo. 3s.6d.Owen’s Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of the Vertebrate Animals. 3 vols. 8vo. 73s.6d.Proctor’s Light Science for Leisure Hours. 2 vols. crown 8vo. 7s.6d.each.Rivers’s Rose Amateur’s Guide. Fcp. 8vo. 4s.6d.Stanley’s Familiar History of Birds. Fcp. 8vo. 3s.6d.Text-Books of Science, Mechanical and Physical.

Abney’s Photography, small 8vo. 3s.6d.Anderson’s (Sir John) Strength of Materials, 3s.6d.Armstrong’s Organic Chemistry, 3s.6d.Barry’s Railway Appliances, 3s.6d.Bloxam’s Metals, 3s.6d.Goodeve’s Elements of Mechanism, 3s.6d.—    Principles of Mechanics, 3s.6d.Gore’s Electro-Metallurgy, 6s.Griffin’s Algebra and Trigonometry, 3s.6d.Jenkin’s Electricity and Magnetism, 3s.6d.Maxwell’s Theory of Heat, 3s.6d.Merrifield’s Technical Arithmetic and Mensuration, 3s.6d.Miller’s Inorganic Chemistry, 3s.6d.Preece & Sivewright’s Telegraphy, 3s.6d.Rutley’s Study of Rocks, 4s.6d.Shelley’s Workshop Appliances, 3s.6d.Thomé’s Structural and Physiological Botany, 6s.Thorpe’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 4s.6d.Thorpe & Muir’s Qualitative Analysis, 3s.6d.Tilden’s Chemical Philosophy, 3s.6d.Unwin’s Machine Design, 3s.6d.Watson’s Plane and Solid Geometry, 3s.6d.

Tyndall on Sound. Crown 8vo. 10s.6d.—    Contributions to Molecular Physics. 8vo. 16s.—    Fragments of Science. New Edit. 2 vols. crown 8vo.  [In the press.—    Heat a Mode of Motion. Crown 8vo.—    Lectures on Electrical Phenomena. Crown 8vo. 1s.sewed, 1s.6d.cloth.—    Lectures on Light. Crown 8vo. 1s.sewed, 1s.6d.cloth.—    Lectures on Light delivered in America. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.—    Lessons in Electricity. Crown 8vo. 2s.6d.Von Cotta on Rocks, by Lawrence. Post 8vo. 14s.Woodward’s Geology of England and Wales. Crown 8vo. 14s.Wood’s Bible Animals. With 112 Vignettes. 8vo. 14s.—    Homes Without Hands. 8vo. 14s.—    Insects Abroad. 8vo. 14s.—    Insects at Home. With 700 Illustrations. 8vo. 14s.—    Out of Doors, or Articles on Natural History. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.—    Strange Dwellings. With 60 Woodcuts. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.

CHEMISTRY & PHYSIOLOGY.

Auerbach’s Anthracen, translated by W. Crookes, F.R.S. 8vo. 12s.Buckton’s Health in the House; Lectures on Elementary Physiology. Fcp. 8vo. 2s.Crookes’s Handbook of Dyeing and Calico Printing. 8vo. 42s.—    Select Methods in Chemical Analysis. Crown 8vo. 12s.6d.Kingzett’s Animal Chemistry. 8vo. 18s.—    History, Products and Processes of the Alkali Trade. 8vo. 12s.Miller’s Elements of Chemistry, Theoretical and Practical. 3 vols. 8vo. Part I. Chemical Physics, 16s.Part II. Inorganic Chemistry, 24s.Part III. Organic Chemistry, New Edition in the press.Watts’s Dictionary of Chemistry. 7 vols. medium 8vo. £10. 16s.6d.—Third Supplementary Volume, in Two Parts.Part I.36s.

Auerbach’s Anthracen, translated by W. Crookes, F.R.S. 8vo. 12s.Buckton’s Health in the House; Lectures on Elementary Physiology. Fcp. 8vo. 2s.Crookes’s Handbook of Dyeing and Calico Printing. 8vo. 42s.—    Select Methods in Chemical Analysis. Crown 8vo. 12s.6d.Kingzett’s Animal Chemistry. 8vo. 18s.—    History, Products and Processes of the Alkali Trade. 8vo. 12s.Miller’s Elements of Chemistry, Theoretical and Practical. 3 vols. 8vo. Part I. Chemical Physics, 16s.Part II. Inorganic Chemistry, 24s.Part III. Organic Chemistry, New Edition in the press.Watts’s Dictionary of Chemistry. 7 vols. medium 8vo. £10. 16s.6d.—Third Supplementary Volume, in Two Parts.Part I.36s.

THE FINE ARTS & ILLUSTRATED EDITIONS.

Bewick’s Select Fables of Æsop and others. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.demy 8vo. 18s.Doyle’s Fairyland; Pictures from the Elf-World. Folio, 15s.Jameson’s Sacred and Legendary Art. 6 vols. square crown 8vo.Legends of the Madonna. 1 vol. 21s.—    —  —  Monastic Orders. 1 vol. 21s.Saints and Martyrs. 2 vols. 31s.6d.Saviour. Completed by Lady Eastlake. 2 vols. 42s.Longman’s Three Cathedrals Dedicated to St. Paul. Square crown 8vo. 21s.Macaulay’s Lays of Ancient Rome. With 90 Illustrations. Fcp. 4to. 21s.Macfarren’s Lectures on Harmony. 8vo. 12s.Miniature Edition of Macaulay’s Lays of Ancient Rome. Imp. 16 mo. 10s.6d.Moore’s Irish Melodies. With 161 Plates by D. Maclise, R.A. Super-royal 8vo. 21s.—    —    Lalla Rookh. Tenniel’s Edition. With 68 Illustrations. Fcp. 4to. 21s.Northcote and Brownlow’s Roma Sotterranea.Part I.8vo. 24s.Perry on Greek and Roman Sculpture. 8vo.    —[In preparation.Redgrave’s Dictionary of Artists of the English School. 8vo. 16s.

Bewick’s Select Fables of Æsop and others. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.demy 8vo. 18s.Doyle’s Fairyland; Pictures from the Elf-World. Folio, 15s.Jameson’s Sacred and Legendary Art. 6 vols. square crown 8vo.

Legends of the Madonna. 1 vol. 21s.—    —  —  Monastic Orders. 1 vol. 21s.Saints and Martyrs. 2 vols. 31s.6d.Saviour. Completed by Lady Eastlake. 2 vols. 42s.

Longman’s Three Cathedrals Dedicated to St. Paul. Square crown 8vo. 21s.Macaulay’s Lays of Ancient Rome. With 90 Illustrations. Fcp. 4to. 21s.Macfarren’s Lectures on Harmony. 8vo. 12s.Miniature Edition of Macaulay’s Lays of Ancient Rome. Imp. 16 mo. 10s.6d.Moore’s Irish Melodies. With 161 Plates by D. Maclise, R.A. Super-royal 8vo. 21s.—    —    Lalla Rookh. Tenniel’s Edition. With 68 Illustrations. Fcp. 4to. 21s.Northcote and Brownlow’s Roma Sotterranea.Part I.8vo. 24s.Perry on Greek and Roman Sculpture. 8vo.    —[In preparation.Redgrave’s Dictionary of Artists of the English School. 8vo. 16s.

THE USEFUL ARTS, MANUFACTURES &c.

Bourne’s Catechism of the Steam Engine. Fcp. 8vo. 6s.—    Examples of Steam, Air, and Gas Engines. 4to. 70s.—    Handbook of the Steam Engine. Fcp. 8vo. 9s.—    Recent Improvements in the Steam Engine. Fcp. 8vo. 6s.—    Treatise on the Steam Engine. 4to. 42s.Cresy’s Encyclopædia of Civil Engineering. 8vo. 42s.Culley’s Handbook of Practical Telegraphy. 8vo. 16s.Eastlake’s Household Taste in Furniture, &c. Square crown 8vo. 14s.Fairbairn’s Useful Information for Engineers. 3 vols. crown 8vo. 31s.6d.—    Applications of Cast and Wrought Iron. 8vo. 16s.—    Mills and Millwork. 1 vol. 8vo. 25s.Gwilt’s Encyclopædia of Architecture. 8vo. 52s.6d.Hobson’s Amateur Mechanics Practical Handbook. Crown 8vo. 2s.6d.Hoskold’s Engineer’s Valuing Assistant. 8vo. 31s.6d.Kerl’s Metallurgy, adapted by Crookes and Röhrig. 3 vols. 8vo. £4. 19s.Loudon’s Encyclopædia of Agriculture. 8vo. 21s.—    —  —  Gardening. 8vo. 21s.Mitchell’s Manual of Practical Assaying. 8vo. 31s.6d.Northcott’s Lathes and Turning. 8vo. 18s.Payen’s Industrial Chemistry, translated from Stohmann and Engler’s GermanEdition, by Dr. J. D. Barry. Edited by B. H. Paul, Ph.D. 8vo. 42s.Stoney’s Theory of Strains in Girders. Roy. 8vo. 36s.Thomas on Coal, Mine-Gases and Ventilation. Crown 8vo. 10s.6d.Ure’s Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, & Mines. 4 vols. medium 8vo. £7. 7s.

Bourne’s Catechism of the Steam Engine. Fcp. 8vo. 6s.—    Examples of Steam, Air, and Gas Engines. 4to. 70s.—    Handbook of the Steam Engine. Fcp. 8vo. 9s.—    Recent Improvements in the Steam Engine. Fcp. 8vo. 6s.—    Treatise on the Steam Engine. 4to. 42s.Cresy’s Encyclopædia of Civil Engineering. 8vo. 42s.Culley’s Handbook of Practical Telegraphy. 8vo. 16s.Eastlake’s Household Taste in Furniture, &c. Square crown 8vo. 14s.Fairbairn’s Useful Information for Engineers. 3 vols. crown 8vo. 31s.6d.—    Applications of Cast and Wrought Iron. 8vo. 16s.—    Mills and Millwork. 1 vol. 8vo. 25s.Gwilt’s Encyclopædia of Architecture. 8vo. 52s.6d.Hobson’s Amateur Mechanics Practical Handbook. Crown 8vo. 2s.6d.Hoskold’s Engineer’s Valuing Assistant. 8vo. 31s.6d.Kerl’s Metallurgy, adapted by Crookes and Röhrig. 3 vols. 8vo. £4. 19s.Loudon’s Encyclopædia of Agriculture. 8vo. 21s.—    —  —  Gardening. 8vo. 21s.Mitchell’s Manual of Practical Assaying. 8vo. 31s.6d.Northcott’s Lathes and Turning. 8vo. 18s.Payen’s Industrial Chemistry, translated from Stohmann and Engler’s German

Edition, by Dr. J. D. Barry. Edited by B. H. Paul, Ph.D. 8vo. 42s.Stoney’s Theory of Strains in Girders. Roy. 8vo. 36s.Thomas on Coal, Mine-Gases and Ventilation. Crown 8vo. 10s.6d.Ure’s Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, & Mines. 4 vols. medium 8vo. £7. 7s.

RELIGIOUS & MORAL WORKS.

Abbey & Overton’s English Church in the Eighteenth Century. 2 vols. 8vo. 36s.Arnold’s (Rev. Dr. Thomas) Sermons. 6 vols. crown 8vo. 5s.each.Bishop Jeremy Taylor’s Entire Works. With Life by Bishop Heber. Edited by the Rev. C. P. Eden. 10 vols. 8vo. £5. 5s.Boultbee’s Commentary on the 39 Articles. Crown 8vo. 6s.Browne’s (Bishop) Exposition of the 39 Articles. 8vo. 16s.Conybeare & Howson’s Life and Letters of St. Paul:—Library Edition, with all the Original Illustrations, Maps, Landscapes on Steel, Woodcuts, &c. 2 vols. 4to. 42s.Intermediate Edition, with a Selection of Maps, Plates, and Woodcuts. 2 vols. square crown 8vo. 21s.Student’s Edition, revised and condensed, with 46 Illustrations and Maps. 1 vol. crown 8vo. 9s.Colenso’s Lectures on the Pentateuch and the Moabite Stone. 8vo. 12s.Colenso on the Pentateuch and Book of Joshua. Crown 8vo. 6s.—    —Part VII.completion of the larger Work. 8vo. 24s.D’Aubigné’s Reformation in Europe in the Time of Calvin. 8 vols. 8vo. £6. 12s.Drummond’s Jewish Messiah. 8vo. 15s.Ellicott’s (Bishop) Commentary on St. Paul’s Epistles. 8vo. Galatians, 8s.6d.Ephesians, 8s.6d.Pastoral Epistles, 10s.6d.Philippians, Colossians, andPhilemon, 10s.6d.Thessalonians, 7s.6d.Ellicott’s Lectures on the Life of our Lord. 8vo. 12s.Ewald’s History of Israel, translated by Carpenter. 5 vols. 8vo. 63s.—    Antiquities of Israel, translated by Solly. 8vo. 12s.6d.Goldziher’s Mythology among the Hebrews. 8vo. 16s.Jukes’s Types of Genesis. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.—    Second Death and the Restitution of all Things. Crown 8vo. 3s.6d.Kalisch’s Bible Studies.Part I.the Prophecies of Balaam. 8vo. 10s.6d.—    —  —Part II.the Book of Jonah. 8vo. 10s.6d.Keith’s Evidence of the Truth of the Christian Religion derived from the Fulfilment of Prophecy. Square 8vo. 12s.6d.Post 8vo. 6s.Kuenen on the Prophets and Prophecy in Israel. 8vo. 21s.Lyra Germanica. Hymns translated by Miss Winkworth. Fcp. 8vo. 5s.Manning’s Temporal Mission of the Holy Ghost. 8vo. 8s.6d.Martineau’s Endeavours after the Christian Life. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.—    Hymns of Praise and Prayer. Crown 8vo. 4s.6d.32mo. 1s.6d.—    Sermons; Hours of Thought on Sacred Things. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.Merivale’s (Dean) Lectures on Early Church History. Crown 8vo.Mill’s Three Essays on Religion. 8vo. 10s.6d.Monsell’s Spiritual Songs for Sundays and Holidays. Fcp. 8vo. 5s.18mo. 2s.Müller’s (Max) Lectures on the Science of Religion. Crown 8vo. 10s.6d.Newman’s Apologia pro Vita Sua. Crown 8vo. 6s.O’Conor’s New Testament Commentaries. Crown 8vo. Epistle to the Romans, 3s.6d.Epistle to the Hebrews, 4s.6d.St. John’s Gospel, 10s.6d.One Hundred Holy Songs, &c. Square fcp. 8vo. 2s.6d.Passing Thoughts on Religion. By Miss Sewell. Fcp. 8vo. 3s.6d.Sewell’s (Miss) Preparation for the Holy Communion. 32mo. 3s.Shipley’s Ritual of the Altar. Imperial 8vo. 42s.Supernatural Religion. 3 vols. 8vo. 38s.Thoughts for the Age. By Miss Sewell. Fcp. 8vo. 3s.6d.Vaughan’s Trident, Crescent, and Cross; the Religious History of India. 8vo. 9s.6d.Whately’s Lessons on the Christian Evidences. 18mo. 6d.White’s Four Gospels in Greek, with Greek-English Lexicon. 32mo. 5s.

Abbey & Overton’s English Church in the Eighteenth Century. 2 vols. 8vo. 36s.Arnold’s (Rev. Dr. Thomas) Sermons. 6 vols. crown 8vo. 5s.each.Bishop Jeremy Taylor’s Entire Works. With Life by Bishop Heber. Edited by the Rev. C. P. Eden. 10 vols. 8vo. £5. 5s.Boultbee’s Commentary on the 39 Articles. Crown 8vo. 6s.Browne’s (Bishop) Exposition of the 39 Articles. 8vo. 16s.Conybeare & Howson’s Life and Letters of St. Paul:—

Library Edition, with all the Original Illustrations, Maps, Landscapes on Steel, Woodcuts, &c. 2 vols. 4to. 42s.Intermediate Edition, with a Selection of Maps, Plates, and Woodcuts. 2 vols. square crown 8vo. 21s.Student’s Edition, revised and condensed, with 46 Illustrations and Maps. 1 vol. crown 8vo. 9s.

Colenso’s Lectures on the Pentateuch and the Moabite Stone. 8vo. 12s.Colenso on the Pentateuch and Book of Joshua. Crown 8vo. 6s.—    —Part VII.completion of the larger Work. 8vo. 24s.D’Aubigné’s Reformation in Europe in the Time of Calvin. 8 vols. 8vo. £6. 12s.Drummond’s Jewish Messiah. 8vo. 15s.Ellicott’s (Bishop) Commentary on St. Paul’s Epistles. 8vo. Galatians, 8s.6d.

Ephesians, 8s.6d.Pastoral Epistles, 10s.6d.Philippians, Colossians, andPhilemon, 10s.6d.Thessalonians, 7s.6d.

Ellicott’s Lectures on the Life of our Lord. 8vo. 12s.Ewald’s History of Israel, translated by Carpenter. 5 vols. 8vo. 63s.—    Antiquities of Israel, translated by Solly. 8vo. 12s.6d.Goldziher’s Mythology among the Hebrews. 8vo. 16s.Jukes’s Types of Genesis. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.—    Second Death and the Restitution of all Things. Crown 8vo. 3s.6d.Kalisch’s Bible Studies.Part I.the Prophecies of Balaam. 8vo. 10s.6d.—    —  —Part II.the Book of Jonah. 8vo. 10s.6d.Keith’s Evidence of the Truth of the Christian Religion derived from the Fulfilment of Prophecy. Square 8vo. 12s.6d.Post 8vo. 6s.Kuenen on the Prophets and Prophecy in Israel. 8vo. 21s.Lyra Germanica. Hymns translated by Miss Winkworth. Fcp. 8vo. 5s.Manning’s Temporal Mission of the Holy Ghost. 8vo. 8s.6d.Martineau’s Endeavours after the Christian Life. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.—    Hymns of Praise and Prayer. Crown 8vo. 4s.6d.32mo. 1s.6d.—    Sermons; Hours of Thought on Sacred Things. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.Merivale’s (Dean) Lectures on Early Church History. Crown 8vo.Mill’s Three Essays on Religion. 8vo. 10s.6d.Monsell’s Spiritual Songs for Sundays and Holidays. Fcp. 8vo. 5s.18mo. 2s.Müller’s (Max) Lectures on the Science of Religion. Crown 8vo. 10s.6d.Newman’s Apologia pro Vita Sua. Crown 8vo. 6s.O’Conor’s New Testament Commentaries. Crown 8vo. Epistle to the Romans, 3s.6d.Epistle to the Hebrews, 4s.6d.St. John’s Gospel, 10s.6d.One Hundred Holy Songs, &c. Square fcp. 8vo. 2s.6d.Passing Thoughts on Religion. By Miss Sewell. Fcp. 8vo. 3s.6d.Sewell’s (Miss) Preparation for the Holy Communion. 32mo. 3s.Shipley’s Ritual of the Altar. Imperial 8vo. 42s.Supernatural Religion. 3 vols. 8vo. 38s.Thoughts for the Age. By Miss Sewell. Fcp. 8vo. 3s.6d.Vaughan’s Trident, Crescent, and Cross; the Religious History of India. 8vo. 9s.6d.Whately’s Lessons on the Christian Evidences. 18mo. 6d.White’s Four Gospels in Greek, with Greek-English Lexicon. 32mo. 5s.

TRAVELS, VOYAGES &c.

Ball’s Alpine Guide. 3 vols. post 8vo. with Maps and Illustrations:—I. Western Alps, 6s.6d.II. Central Alps, 7s.6d.III. Eastern Alps, 10s.6d.Ball on Alpine Travelling, and on the Geology of the Alps, 1s.Baker’s Rifle and the Hound in Ceylon. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.—    Eight Years in Ceylon. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.Bent’s Freak of Freedom, or the Republic of San Marino. Crown 8vo.Brassey’s Voyage in the Yacht ‘Sunbeam.’ Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.8vo. 21s.Edwards’s (A. B.) Thousand Miles up the Nile. Imperial 8vo. 42s.Evans’s Illyrian Letters. Post 8vo. 7s.6d.Grohman’s Tyrol and the Tyrolese. Crown 8vo. 6s.Indian Alps (The). By a Lady Pioneer. Imperial 8vo. 42s.Lefroy’s Discovery and Early Settlement of the Bermuda Islands. 2 vols. royal 8vo. 60s.Miller and Skertchley’s Fenland Past and Present. Royal 8vo. 31s.6d.Large Paper, 50s.Noble’s Cape and South Africa. Fcp. 8vo. 3s.6d.Packe’s Guide to the Pyrenees, for Mountaineers. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.The Alpine Club Map of Switzerland. In four sheets. 42s.Wood’s Discoveries at Ephesus. Imperial 8vo. 63s.

Ball’s Alpine Guide. 3 vols. post 8vo. with Maps and Illustrations:—I. Western Alps, 6s.6d.II. Central Alps, 7s.6d.III. Eastern Alps, 10s.6d.Ball on Alpine Travelling, and on the Geology of the Alps, 1s.Baker’s Rifle and the Hound in Ceylon. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.—    Eight Years in Ceylon. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.Bent’s Freak of Freedom, or the Republic of San Marino. Crown 8vo.Brassey’s Voyage in the Yacht ‘Sunbeam.’ Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.8vo. 21s.Edwards’s (A. B.) Thousand Miles up the Nile. Imperial 8vo. 42s.Evans’s Illyrian Letters. Post 8vo. 7s.6d.Grohman’s Tyrol and the Tyrolese. Crown 8vo. 6s.Indian Alps (The). By a Lady Pioneer. Imperial 8vo. 42s.Lefroy’s Discovery and Early Settlement of the Bermuda Islands. 2 vols. royal 8vo. 60s.Miller and Skertchley’s Fenland Past and Present. Royal 8vo. 31s.6d.Large Paper, 50s.Noble’s Cape and South Africa. Fcp. 8vo. 3s.6d.Packe’s Guide to the Pyrenees, for Mountaineers. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.The Alpine Club Map of Switzerland. In four sheets. 42s.Wood’s Discoveries at Ephesus. Imperial 8vo. 63s.

WORKS OF FICTION.

Becker’s Charicles; Private Life among the Ancient Greeks. Post 8vo. 7s.6d.—    Gallus; Roman Scenes of the Time of Augustus. Post 8vo. 7s.6d.Cabinet Edition of Stories and Tales by Miss Sewell:—Amy Herbert, 2s.6d.Cleve Hall, 2s.6d.The Earl’s Daughter, 2s.6d.Experience of Life, 2s.6d.Gertrude, 2s.6d.Ivors, 2s.6d.Katharine Ashton, 2s.6d.Laneton Parsonage, 3s.6d.Margaret Percival, 3s.6d.Ursula, 3s.6d.Novels and Tales by the Right Hon. the Earl of Beaconsfield, K.G. Cabinet Edition, complete in Ten Volumes, crown 8vo. price £3.Lothair, 6s.Coningsby, 6s.Sybil, 6s.Tancred, 6s.Venetia. 6s.Henrietta Temple, 6s.Contarini Fleming, 6s.Alroy, Ixion, &c. 6s.The Young Duke, &c. 6s.Vivian Grey, 6s.The Modern Novelist’s Library. Each Work in crown 8vo. A Single Volume, complete in itself, price 2s.boards, or 2s.6d.cloth:—By the Earl of Beaconsfield, K.G.Lothair.Coningsby.Sybil.Tancred.Venetia.Henrietta Temple.Contarini Fleming.Alroy, Ixion, &c.The Young Duke, &c.Vivian Grey.By Anthony Trollope.Barchester Towers.The Warden.By the Author of ‘the Rose Garden.’Unawares.By Major Whyte-Melville.Digby Grand.General Bounce.Kate Coventry.The Gladiators.Good for Nothing.Holmby House.The Interpreter.The Queen’s Maries.By the Author of ‘the Atelier du Lys.’Mademoiselle Mori.The Atelier du Lys.By Various Writers.Atherstone Priory.The Burgomaster’s Family.Elsa and her Vulture.The Six Sisters of the Valley.Lord Beaconsfield’s Novels and Tales, 10 vols. cloth extra, gilt edges, 30s.Whispers from Fairy Land. By the Right Hon. E. H. Knatchbull-Hugessen, M.P. With Nine Illustrations. Crown 8vo. 3s.6d.Higgledy-Piggledy; or, Stories for Everybody and Everybody’s Children. By the Right Hon. E. M. Knatchbull-Hugessen, M.P. With Nine Illustrationsfrom Designs by R. Doyle. Crown 8vo. 3s.6d.

Becker’s Charicles; Private Life among the Ancient Greeks. Post 8vo. 7s.6d.—    Gallus; Roman Scenes of the Time of Augustus. Post 8vo. 7s.6d.

Cabinet Edition of Stories and Tales by Miss Sewell:—

Amy Herbert, 2s.6d.Cleve Hall, 2s.6d.The Earl’s Daughter, 2s.6d.Experience of Life, 2s.6d.Gertrude, 2s.6d.Ivors, 2s.6d.Katharine Ashton, 2s.6d.Laneton Parsonage, 3s.6d.Margaret Percival, 3s.6d.Ursula, 3s.6d.

Novels and Tales by the Right Hon. the Earl of Beaconsfield, K.G. Cabinet Edition, complete in Ten Volumes, crown 8vo. price £3.

Lothair, 6s.Coningsby, 6s.Sybil, 6s.Tancred, 6s.Venetia. 6s.Henrietta Temple, 6s.Contarini Fleming, 6s.Alroy, Ixion, &c. 6s.The Young Duke, &c. 6s.Vivian Grey, 6s.

The Modern Novelist’s Library. Each Work in crown 8vo. A Single Volume, complete in itself, price 2s.boards, or 2s.6d.cloth:—

By the Earl of Beaconsfield, K.G.

Lothair.Coningsby.Sybil.Tancred.Venetia.Henrietta Temple.Contarini Fleming.Alroy, Ixion, &c.The Young Duke, &c.Vivian Grey.

By Anthony Trollope.

Barchester Towers.The Warden.

By the Author of ‘the Rose Garden.’

Unawares.

By Major Whyte-Melville.

Digby Grand.General Bounce.Kate Coventry.The Gladiators.Good for Nothing.Holmby House.The Interpreter.The Queen’s Maries.

By the Author of ‘the Atelier du Lys.’

Mademoiselle Mori.The Atelier du Lys.

By Various Writers.

Atherstone Priory.The Burgomaster’s Family.Elsa and her Vulture.The Six Sisters of the Valley.

Lord Beaconsfield’s Novels and Tales, 10 vols. cloth extra, gilt edges, 30s.Whispers from Fairy Land. By the Right Hon. E. H. Knatchbull-Hugessen, M.P. With Nine Illustrations. Crown 8vo. 3s.6d.Higgledy-Piggledy; or, Stories for Everybody and Everybody’s Children. By the Right Hon. E. M. Knatchbull-Hugessen, M.P. With Nine Illustrationsfrom Designs by R. Doyle. Crown 8vo. 3s.6d.

POETRY & THE DRAMA.

Bailey’s Festus, a Poem. Crown 8vo. 12s.6d.Bowdler’s Family Shakspeare. Medium 8vo. 14s.6 vols. fcp. 8vo. 21s.Brian Boru, a Tragedy, by J. T. B. Crown 8vo. 6s.Cayley’s Iliad of Homer, Homometrically translated. 8vo. 12s.6d.Conington’s Æneid of Virgil, translated into English Verse. Crown 8vo. 9s.Cooper’s Tales from Euripides. Small 8vo.Edwards’s Poetry-Book of Elder Poets. 16mo. 2s.6d.—    Poetry-Book of Modern Poets. 16mo. 2s.6d.Ingelow’s Poems. First Series. Illustrated Edition. Fcp. 4to. 21s.Macaulay’s Lays of Ancient Rome, with Ivry and the Armada. 16mo. 3s.6d.Petrarch’s Sonnets and Stanzas, translated by C. B. Cayley, B.A. Crown 8vo. 10s.6d.Poems. By Jean Ingelow. 2 vols. fcp. 8vo. 10s.First Series. ‘Divided,’ ‘The Star’s Monument,’ &c. 5s.Second Series. ‘A Story of Doom,’ ‘Gladys and her Island,’ &c. 5s.Southey’s Poetical Works. Medium 8vo. 14s.Yonge’s Horatii Opera, Library Edition. 8vo. 21s.

Bailey’s Festus, a Poem. Crown 8vo. 12s.6d.Bowdler’s Family Shakspeare. Medium 8vo. 14s.6 vols. fcp. 8vo. 21s.Brian Boru, a Tragedy, by J. T. B. Crown 8vo. 6s.Cayley’s Iliad of Homer, Homometrically translated. 8vo. 12s.6d.Conington’s Æneid of Virgil, translated into English Verse. Crown 8vo. 9s.Cooper’s Tales from Euripides. Small 8vo.Edwards’s Poetry-Book of Elder Poets. 16mo. 2s.6d.—    Poetry-Book of Modern Poets. 16mo. 2s.6d.Ingelow’s Poems. First Series. Illustrated Edition. Fcp. 4to. 21s.Macaulay’s Lays of Ancient Rome, with Ivry and the Armada. 16mo. 3s.6d.Petrarch’s Sonnets and Stanzas, translated by C. B. Cayley, B.A. Crown 8vo. 10s.6d.Poems. By Jean Ingelow. 2 vols. fcp. 8vo. 10s.

First Series. ‘Divided,’ ‘The Star’s Monument,’ &c. 5s.Second Series. ‘A Story of Doom,’ ‘Gladys and her Island,’ &c. 5s.

Southey’s Poetical Works. Medium 8vo. 14s.Yonge’s Horatii Opera, Library Edition. 8vo. 21s.

RURAL SPORTS, HORSE & CATTLE MANAGEMENT &c.

Blaine’s Encyclopædia of Rural Sports. 8vo. 21s.Dobson on the Ox, his Diseases and their Treatment. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.Fitzwygram’s Horses and Stables. 8vo. 10s.6d.Francis’s Book on Angling, or Treatise on Fishing. Post 8vo. 15s.Malet’s Annals of the Road, and Nimrod’s Essays on the Road. Medium 8vo. 21s.Miles’s Horse’s Foot, and How to Keep it Sound. Imperial 8vo. 12s.6d.—    —    Plain Treatise on Horse-Shoeing. Post 8vo. 2s.6d.—    —    Stables and Stable-Fittings. Imperial 8vo. 15s.—    —    Remarks on Horses’ Teeth. Post 8vo. 1s.6d.Nevile’s Horses and Riding. Crown 8vo. 6s.Reynardson’s Down the Road. Medium 8vo. 21s.Ronalds’s Fly-Fisher’s Entomology. 8vo. 14s.Stonehenge’s Dog in Health and Disease. Square crown 8vo. 7s.6d.—    Greyhound. Square crown 8vo. 15s.Youatt’s Work on the Dog. 8vo. 12s.6d.—    —  —  —  Horse. 8vo. 6s.Wilcocks’s Sea-Fisherman. Post 8vo. 12s.6d.

Blaine’s Encyclopædia of Rural Sports. 8vo. 21s.Dobson on the Ox, his Diseases and their Treatment. Crown 8vo. 7s.6d.Fitzwygram’s Horses and Stables. 8vo. 10s.6d.Francis’s Book on Angling, or Treatise on Fishing. Post 8vo. 15s.Malet’s Annals of the Road, and Nimrod’s Essays on the Road. Medium 8vo. 21s.Miles’s Horse’s Foot, and How to Keep it Sound. Imperial 8vo. 12s.6d.—    —    Plain Treatise on Horse-Shoeing. Post 8vo. 2s.6d.—    —    Stables and Stable-Fittings. Imperial 8vo. 15s.—    —    Remarks on Horses’ Teeth. Post 8vo. 1s.6d.Nevile’s Horses and Riding. Crown 8vo. 6s.Reynardson’s Down the Road. Medium 8vo. 21s.Ronalds’s Fly-Fisher’s Entomology. 8vo. 14s.Stonehenge’s Dog in Health and Disease. Square crown 8vo. 7s.6d.—    Greyhound. Square crown 8vo. 15s.Youatt’s Work on the Dog. 8vo. 12s.6d.—    —  —  —  Horse. 8vo. 6s.Wilcocks’s Sea-Fisherman. Post 8vo. 12s.6d.

WORKS OF UTILITY & GENERAL INFORMATION.

Acton’s Modern Cookery for Private Families. Fcp. 8vo. 6s.Black’s Practical Treatise on Brewing. 8vo. 10s.6d.Buckton’s Food and Home Cookery. Crown 8vo. 2s.Bull on the Maternal Management of Children. Fcp. 8vo. 2s.6d.Bull’s Hints to Mothers on the Management of their Health during the Period of Pregnancy and in the Lying-in Room. Fcp. 8vo. 2s.6d.Campbell-Walker’s Correct Card, or How to Play at Whist. 32mo. 2s.6d.Crump’s English Manual of Banking. 8vo. 15s.Cunningham’s Conditions of Social Well-Being. 8vo. 10s.6d.Handbook of Gold and Silver, by an Indian Official. 8vo. 12s.6d.Johnson’s (W. & J. H.) Patentee’s Manual. Fourth Edition. 8vo. 10s.6d.Longman’s Chess Openings. Fcp. 8vo. 2s.6d.Macleod’s Economics for Beginners. Small crown 8vo. 2s.6d.—    Theory and Practice of Banking. 2 vols. 8vo. 26s.—    Elements of Banking. Fourth Edition. Crown 8vo. 5s.M’Culloch’s Dictionary of Commerce and Commercial Navigation. 8vo. 63s.Maunder’s Biographical Treasury. Fcp. 8vo. 6s.—    Historical Treasury. Fcp. 8vo. 6s.—    Scientific and Literary Treasury. Fcp. 8vo. 6s.—    Treasury of Bible Knowledge. Edited by the Rev. J. Ayre, M.A. Fcp. 8vo. 6s.—    —      Treasury of Botany. Edited by J. Lindley, F.R.S. and T. Moore, F.L.S. Two Parts, fcp. 8vo. 12s.—    Treasury of Geography. Fcp. 8vo. 6s.—    Treasury of Knowledge and Library of Reference. Fcp. 8vo. 6s.—    Treasury of Natural History. Fcp. 8vo. 6s.Pereira’s Materia Medica, by Bentley and Redwood. 8vo. 25s.Pewtner’s Comprehensive Specifier; Building-Artificers’ Work. Conditions and Agreements. Crown 8vo. 6s.Pierce’s Three Hundred Chess Problems and Studies. Fcp. 8vo. 7s.6d.Pole’s Theory of the Modern Scientific Game of Whist. Fcp. 8vo. 2s.6d.Scott’s Farm Valuer. Crown 8vo. 5s.Smith’s Handbook for Midwives. Crown 8vo. 5s.The Cabinet Lawyer, a Popular Digest of the Laws of England. Fcp. 8vo. 9s.West on the Diseases of Infancy and Childhood. 8vo. 18s.Willich’s Popular Tables for ascertaining the Value of Property. Post 8vo. 10s.Wilson on Banking Reform. 8vo. 7s.6d.—    on the Resources of Modern Countries. 2 vols. 8vo. 24s.

Acton’s Modern Cookery for Private Families. Fcp. 8vo. 6s.Black’s Practical Treatise on Brewing. 8vo. 10s.6d.Buckton’s Food and Home Cookery. Crown 8vo. 2s.Bull on the Maternal Management of Children. Fcp. 8vo. 2s.6d.Bull’s Hints to Mothers on the Management of their Health during the Period of Pregnancy and in the Lying-in Room. Fcp. 8vo. 2s.6d.Campbell-Walker’s Correct Card, or How to Play at Whist. 32mo. 2s.6d.Crump’s English Manual of Banking. 8vo. 15s.Cunningham’s Conditions of Social Well-Being. 8vo. 10s.6d.Handbook of Gold and Silver, by an Indian Official. 8vo. 12s.6d.Johnson’s (W. & J. H.) Patentee’s Manual. Fourth Edition. 8vo. 10s.6d.Longman’s Chess Openings. Fcp. 8vo. 2s.6d.Macleod’s Economics for Beginners. Small crown 8vo. 2s.6d.—    Theory and Practice of Banking. 2 vols. 8vo. 26s.—    Elements of Banking. Fourth Edition. Crown 8vo. 5s.M’Culloch’s Dictionary of Commerce and Commercial Navigation. 8vo. 63s.Maunder’s Biographical Treasury. Fcp. 8vo. 6s.—    Historical Treasury. Fcp. 8vo. 6s.—    Scientific and Literary Treasury. Fcp. 8vo. 6s.—    Treasury of Bible Knowledge. Edited by the Rev. J. Ayre, M.A. Fcp. 8vo. 6s.—    —      Treasury of Botany. Edited by J. Lindley, F.R.S. and T. Moore, F.L.S. Two Parts, fcp. 8vo. 12s.—    Treasury of Geography. Fcp. 8vo. 6s.—    Treasury of Knowledge and Library of Reference. Fcp. 8vo. 6s.—    Treasury of Natural History. Fcp. 8vo. 6s.Pereira’s Materia Medica, by Bentley and Redwood. 8vo. 25s.Pewtner’s Comprehensive Specifier; Building-Artificers’ Work. Conditions and Agreements. Crown 8vo. 6s.Pierce’s Three Hundred Chess Problems and Studies. Fcp. 8vo. 7s.6d.Pole’s Theory of the Modern Scientific Game of Whist. Fcp. 8vo. 2s.6d.Scott’s Farm Valuer. Crown 8vo. 5s.Smith’s Handbook for Midwives. Crown 8vo. 5s.The Cabinet Lawyer, a Popular Digest of the Laws of England. Fcp. 8vo. 9s.West on the Diseases of Infancy and Childhood. 8vo. 18s.Willich’s Popular Tables for ascertaining the Value of Property. Post 8vo. 10s.Wilson on Banking Reform. 8vo. 7s.6d.—    on the Resources of Modern Countries. 2 vols. 8vo. 24s.

MUSICAL WORKS BY JOHN HULLAH, LL.D.

Chromatic Scale, with the Inflected Syllables, on Large Sheet. 1s.6d.Card of Chromatic Scale. 1d.Exercises for the Cultivation of the Voice. For Soprano or Tenor. 2s.6d.Grammar of Musical Harmony. Royal 8vo. 2 Parts, each 1s.6d.Exercises to Grammar of Musical Harmony. 1s.Grammar of Counterpoint. Part I. super-royal 8vo. 2s.6d.Hullah’s Manual of Singing. Parts I. & II. 2s.6d.; or together, 5s.Exercises and Figures contained in Parts I. and II. of the Manual. Books I. & II. each 8d.Large Sheets, containing the Figures in Part I. of the Manual. Nos. 1 to 8 in a Parcel. 6s.Large Sheets, containing the Exercises in Part I. of the Manual. Nos. 9 to 40, in Four Parcels of Eight Nos. each, per Parcel. 6s.Large Sheets, the Figures in Part II. Nos. 41 to 52 in a Parcel, 9s.Hymns for the Young, set to Music. Royal 8vo. 8d.Infant School Songs. 6d.Notation, the Musical Alphabet. Crown 8vo. 6d.Old English Songs for Schools, Harmonised. 6d.Rudiments of Musical Grammar. Royal 8vo. 3s.School Songs for 2 and 3 Voices. 2 Books, 8vo. each 6d.Time and Tune in the Elementary School. Crown 8vo. 2s.6d.Exercises and Figures in the same. Crown 8vo. 1s.or 2 Parts, 6d.each.

Chromatic Scale, with the Inflected Syllables, on Large Sheet. 1s.6d.Card of Chromatic Scale. 1d.Exercises for the Cultivation of the Voice. For Soprano or Tenor. 2s.6d.Grammar of Musical Harmony. Royal 8vo. 2 Parts, each 1s.6d.Exercises to Grammar of Musical Harmony. 1s.Grammar of Counterpoint. Part I. super-royal 8vo. 2s.6d.Hullah’s Manual of Singing. Parts I. & II. 2s.6d.; or together, 5s.Exercises and Figures contained in Parts I. and II. of the Manual. Books I. & II. each 8d.Large Sheets, containing the Figures in Part I. of the Manual. Nos. 1 to 8 in a Parcel. 6s.Large Sheets, containing the Exercises in Part I. of the Manual. Nos. 9 to 40, in Four Parcels of Eight Nos. each, per Parcel. 6s.Large Sheets, the Figures in Part II. Nos. 41 to 52 in a Parcel, 9s.Hymns for the Young, set to Music. Royal 8vo. 8d.Infant School Songs. 6d.Notation, the Musical Alphabet. Crown 8vo. 6d.Old English Songs for Schools, Harmonised. 6d.Rudiments of Musical Grammar. Royal 8vo. 3s.School Songs for 2 and 3 Voices. 2 Books, 8vo. each 6d.Time and Tune in the Elementary School. Crown 8vo. 2s.6d.Exercises and Figures in the same. Crown 8vo. 1s.or 2 Parts, 6d.each.

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FOOTNOTES:[1]Life of Watt, 1839, p. 198.[2]A compilation recently published gives an account of the means of conveyance had in times past in Great Britain, but does not, except very incidentally, touch upon those on the Continent. See Croal’sBook about Travelling, Past and Present, W. P. Nimmo, Edinburgh.[3]The following table, taken from Croal’sBook about Travelling, p. 575, shows the extent of the railway system in 1875 on the European Continent:—Miles of Railway.Square Miles of Territoryto each Mile of Line.Belgium,2,1745Switzerland,1,30011German Empire,14,47212France,12,37614Denmark,56118Netherlands,1,01620Austria and Hungary,10,15420Italy,4,81723Spain,3,82250Roumania,77059Portugal,59661Sweden,2,23763Turkey in Europe,965138Russia in Europe,11,591157Norway,339387Greece,72,658[4]The normal value of a sovereign is 25 francs 20 centimes.[5]It may be interesting to give, as far as I have preserved note of it, the rate of exchange received at different places during part of the period we were away:—AtCannes,Nov.1876,per £,25·75”Mentone,Dec.””25·25””thereafter,”25·”Nice,February1877,”25·75”San Remo,March””27·20”Genoa,”””27·10”Rome,23d”””27·03””19thApril””27·90”Florence,28th”””28·10””7thMay””28·15””12th”””28·10”Venice,20th”””28·25””22d”””28·15”Milan,26th”””28·”Como,11thJune””27·10”Bellagio,””””27·47”Lucerne,25th”””25·15”Interlachen,13thJuly””25·10”Paris,Aug.””25·”Interlachen,””””25·10”Montreux,8thSept.””25·12”Biarritz,Oct.””25·”Pau,18th”””25·05””21st”””25·12”Cannes,Nov.””25·06”San Remo,March1878,”27·03””April””27·45””””””27·37[6]Little monthly time bills or leaflets can be got at the Company’s offices in London and Paris, for which see Bradshaw. Some of them also, like Cook’s and Gaze’s Lists, contain through fares to most places on the Continent.[7]A quarto publication, calledVoyages circulaires viâ le Mont Cenis et la Corniche, is issued by ‘Agence de Paris, Rue Auber 1, Maison du Grand Hotel,’ containing circular tours in Italy, starting from Paris, Nice, and Marseilles.[8]The following may be given as specimens of the menu:—At the Grand Hotel du Louvre, Paris.Potage.—Consommé aux Quenelles; Hors d’œuvre; Melon.Relevées.—Saumon Sauce Hollandaise; Pommes de terre nature; Train de Côtes à la broche; Aubergines à la Provençale.Entrées.—Timbales à la Joinville; Poulardes à la Demidoff.Rot.—Canetons de Rouen au Cresson; Salade de Romaine.Entremets.—Petits Pois à l’Anglaise; Biscuits Princesse; Garnis d’Allumettes.Desserts.At a Provincial Hotel in France, somewhat more meagre than usual, however (verbatim).Potage.—Tapioca.Relevées.—Epigrammes d’Agneau Bretonne.Entrées.—Poulets Sautés Maringa.Legumes.—Choux de Bruxelles.Rôtis.—Ros bief.Entremets.—Charlotte de Pommes Parisien, etc.Dessert.[9]A Winter’s Sketches in the South of France and the Pyrenees, p. 7.[10]At Naples I sat next a German who helped himself to four thick slices of roast beef, then, according to German custom, began by placing one above another, and cutting the whole into little squares by drawing his knife first lengthways and then crossways through them, and having so divided the beef, took his knife and shovelled, in quick succession, all the pieces into his mouth. Fish is often a scarce commodity, yet I have seen German ladies, after having liberally helped themselves to it, call for more as they would for more of any other course, though it is unusual for others to ask a second supply of any course.[11]Since this chapter was written, alterations have been made on the French postal rates, and,inter alia, the postage to England is reduced to 25 centimes, and for the interior to 15 centimes; but I have allowed the text to stand as referring to the time we were away. There may be other changes of which I am not aware.[12]TheGuide, arranged alphabetically, contains information regarding the following countries and places:—Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Holland, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey in Europe, and the Mediterranean. In Denmark and Greece the number of Protestant churches is very limited. The Mediterranean embraces fifty-four towns, including towns in Egypt and Palestine.[13]The figures in this chapter are all given subject to correction.[14]Bowing the head or bowing the knee at the mention of the name of Jesus, is one of those literal renderings sometimes put upon words of Scripture, of which in reading through, long ago, as a student, theCorpus Juris Canonici, I found examples. The subject is disposed of in Mr. Thomas Spalding’sScripture Difficulties, p. 269.[15]In Mr. Birrel’s interestingLife of Dr. Brock, a man of great power and, I believe, of much liberality of mind, the following passage (p. 241) occurs in reference to a Sunday in crossing the Atlantic:—’Next day was all that a Sunday at home could be. We had service, Mr. Nolan again officiating—the captain, however, this time reading the prayers himself. One thing struck me painfully: when the absolution came to be read, the captain gave way to the priest, who alone stood and alone spoke; he alone had authority in the great matter of remission. The captain had none. Of what is this the germ?’[16]A French kilometre is equal to 1093·633 yards; an English mile is 1760 yards. Two miles are therefore more than three kilometres, and two kilometres are equal to about one mile and a quarter (1¼). But all the foreign measures differ, and it is puzzling therefore to know from the railway guides and others what are the distances in English miles. A uniform mileage system would be exceedingly useful. In fact, the statesman who could effect uniformity in measures, weights, and coinage throughout Europe, would do more real good than is obtained by more glittering acts.[17]VideFiguier’sWorld before the Deluge, p. 317.[18]I have seen the numbers produced by a single insect in the course of a year stated in a newspaper, but unfortunately did not preserve a note of the information, which is not given in the usual books about insects.[19]It would be hardly possible for me to give from recollection a complete list of all the hotels and pensions in Mentone, but I may note some at least of the most prominent. Having had friends in many of them, we had occasional opportunities of seeing them, and learning a little regarding them; but only residence in each could enable anybody to speak authoritatively, and therefore observations now made must be taken in a very general way, and subject to all allowances, and as perhaps mistaken.At the extreme west, the Pavillon is, I believe, a well-appointed hotel; but it is fully half a mile outside the town, to some a recommendation. Between it and a small house, now called the Hotel Anglo-Americaine, near to the Boirigo Bridge, there are several elegant villas, some of them to let furnished. East of this bridge, facing the promenade, are the Pension Condamine (small and moderate) and some other minor houses and pensions; then the Hotel de Russie (one on Gaze’s list); and crossing the Carrei, the first house beyond, and overlooking the public gardens, is called the Pension Americaine, in reality an hotel, with good cuisine, kept by an active, clever, and attentive landlady; near to it, the Pension Camous, a tall, overtopping, narrow building, at which the town street may be said to commence; adjoining it, the Pension or Hotel de Londres; and a little farther east, and more in town, the Hotels Westminster, Victoria, and Menton—all large, and, I believe, expensive; and, last of all, the Hotel du Midi. Beyond the Promenade, close to the market-place, and not far from the harbour, the Hotel Bristol. With the exception of the two last, all have gardens of more or less size between them and the promenade, and all have access on the other side to the public street.Back from or on the other side of the main street, there are many other hotels and pensions, among which may be mentioned, west of the Carrei, the Splendide (on Gaze’s list), a comfortable hotel within a garden; the Hotel du Parc, on the avenue leading to the railway station, with good rooms, although the entrance or site is not promising. On the east side of the Carrei and some way up beyond the railway, which it dominates, the Hotel du Louvre, a large, well-appointed hotel, apparently frequented by Germans and Dutch; behind it, and rather higher, there is the great Hotel des Îles Britanniques, commanding good views, in every respect first class, patronized by the English (though not exclusively so, one long table being set for the English and another long one for the foreigners). The landlord claims it to be the most expensive hotel in Mentone. Both these last-mentioned hotels are near to the railway station, but carriages have to make a circuit to reach them. Both are under shelter of an olive-covered hill rising high and steep immediately behind, which also affords similar shelter to the Hotels des Princes, Venise, D’Orient, Turin, and others, lying nearly in a line to the eastward. The D’Orient and Turin have both gardens in front,—that of the former is large, and in the garden of the latter a bed of roses flourishes in full flower all the winter through. Both are good houses, but the views from the windows and grounds are confined, and street houses shut them out almost entirely from the view of the sea. If, however, view be not considered important, the position is comparatively sheltered. There are also about this part several pensions, such as the ‘Des Alpes,’—a small house, and moderate charges.In the east bay, after passing the old town, which in the afternoon always casts a dank shadow on the part of the road which underlies it, called the Quai Bonaparte, requiring the invalid to take special precautions, and passing the drain pipe, the first hotel met is the Grande Bretagne, one of the oldest houses. It is that upon Cook’s list for Mentone, and consequently seems to be always well filled. Up on the height behind, a little to the eastward, are the Hotels d’Italie and Belle Vue, both comfortable; but the ascent to them is steep, the fatigue being, however, rewarded by the fine view from the terraces and windows. Returning to the road below, which is a part of the Corniche, we observe the East English Church, and next to it the Hotel de la Paix close to the street, but having a garden to the back. Facing it across the road is the only bathing establishment of Mentone. Adjoining its east side, but back from the road within a garden, the Hotel des Anglais where Dr. Bennett obtains his quarters. A little beyond, a small piece of ground, probably an acre in extent, has recently been acquired and laid out as a public garden, in which the band occasionally plays; and amidst a cluster of other hotels and pensions farther east, the Grand Hotel, a comfortable, large house, charging moderately. If the visitor prefer or is recommended to reside in the east bay, he will find the extreme east (called the Quartier Garavent, though so much farther from town, and though hot and dusty) is the choicer situation. There is, however, an omnibus to town every hour from the far east to about the Hotel du Pavillon, at the extreme west end.[20]A recently-published guide-book to the south of France says, with regard to Mentone:—’A kind of gloom pervades Menton. The strip of ground on which it stands is narrow, and so are the streets.’ ‘The valleys are narrow and sombre. The roads up the mountains are steep, badly paved, and are generally traversed on donkeys, which go slowly and require so much chastisement that an ordinary walker will find it less fatiguing to dispense with them.’ It also sets down the population at 12,000, and that of Cannes, by far the larger town, at 7000. These are statements which require revision, as they do not accord with the facts.[21]See Frontispiece.[22]It is impossible to place reliance on the exactness of such figures. They must throughout be taken as obtained from different sources, and possibly in no one case correct. I should, for example, here doubt whether Castiglione stands as high as the castle of Ste. Agnese.[23]It is the custom in the Riviera, and probably elsewhere in France, to give free of charge, to those who are on pension, their lunch to take with them on such excursions, which they would otherwise have had at the hotel.[24]At Biarritz a different practice prevails. Instead of beating the linen, the linen is employed to beat the stone. We have seen a lady’s fancy petticoat thus thrashed against the stones without mercy.[25]The expense of washing at Mentone, though not moderate, is less than in Paris.[26]Mr. C. Home-Douglas (p. 177) publishes observations giving much lower mean temperatures. I suppose in these matters observers seldom agree.[27]I shall use henceforth franc for lira, the Italian name, for simplicity’s sake.[28]The ceremony of baptism in the Greek Church is even more trying to the poor child. SeeThe Englishwoman in Russia, p. 265.[29]I have since seen a different account given of this stone.[30]So called from its colossal size. It is sometimes spelt Coliseum, a corruption of the word.[31]The arena of Nismes is 148 by 112 yards, height 74 feet, and accommodated 32,000 spectators; arena, 74 by 42 yards. The Colosseum, 205 by 170 yards, height 156 feet, accommodating 87,000 spectators (besides containing standing room for 23,000 more in the porticoes and surrounding passages); arena, 93 by 58 yards. But in stating these and other measurements, it is always right to keep in mind that in different books the figures do not correspond, and one well-informed and most reliable writer states the dimensions of the Colosseum at about 40 feet more each way than the above. Mr. Storey’s figures for the Colosseum also vary from the above several yards in each measurement. For a pretty full account of the Colosseum, reference may be made to Storey’sRoba di Roma, vol. i. chap. ix.[32]The extent, however, is variously computed. One writer, generally very exact, says: ‘According to Romani and Nibby’s plan of Rome,’ Caracalla’s baths ‘covered an area of 370 yards square, or 28 English acres.’ ‘Eustace makes the extent twice as great.’ Gibbon states that they were a mile in circumference, which would be 193,600 square yards, or 40 acres. Hare says they covered a space of 2,625,000 square yards, which is equal to 542 acres. It is not improbable that some measurements may refer merely to the ground covered by buildings, and that others comprehend ground not so covered. But even this explanation will not account for such extraordinary discrepancies.[33]Bædeker says: ‘At the back of the Pantheon are situated the ruins of the Thermæ of Agrippa, the proximity of which to the Pantheon once gave rise to the absurd conjecture that the temple originally belonged to the baths, and was afterwards converted into a temple.’ In a matter of this kind, however, the authority of such a man as Mr. Thomson is much to be preferred to that of any writer in a guide-book.[34]It seems that atTre Fontane, above a mile westward, which we did not visit, the Eucalyptus tree has now been largely planted; and if it will grow, it is expected to render the locality healthy.[35]Miss Kate Thompson’sHandbook to the Public Picture Galleries of Europe, Macmillan, 1877, is a useful little volume in its way, but its illustration would occupy volumes.[36]After being in several shops, we concluded that C. Roccheggiani, Via Condotti, had the largest and most varied stock.[37]This number is stated upon an authority which differs in the further figures here given, some of which seem almost incredibly large. How the 9025 baths can be reconciled with the statement (p. 299) of sixteen bathing establishments, I do not pretend to say.[38]I see it stated that in 1851 the number of Romish priests in Great Britain was 958; of Romish chapels, 683; of monasteries, 17; of religious houses for women, 53. In 1879 these numbers were increased to 1238, 1386, 118, and 272 respectively. The number of the laity doubtless has increased, though possibly, and as it is to be hoped, not correspondingly.[39]So named after the present proprietrix, Mme. Barbensi. It seems quite a foreign or at least an Italian practice to call houses after the name of the proprietor. Molini was either her maiden name or the name of the previous proprietor.[40]‘Were I now to begin the world again, I would tread in the steps of that great master; to kiss the hem of his garment, to catch the slightest of his perfections, would be glory and distinction enough for an ambitious man.’—15th Discourse.[41]A large valuable work in small folio, copiously illustrated—veritable volumesde luxe—has recently been published: ‘Venise: Histoire, Art, Industrie, la Ville, la Vie.Par Charles Yriarte.’[42]Here, as in other things, measurements differ, one authority having it 443 feet long, another 477 feet, interior measurement. Though it may be shorter than St. Paul’s of London, it is no doubt considerably wider, and covers, therefore, a greater area.[43]It is stated in one book that in December 1845 the thermometer registered as low as—82·90°, equal to about—185° Fahr. This was incredible; and on looking the Austrian official records I found it should have been—2·9°, showing with what caution such statements in non-official books should be taken.[44]Afterwards, at Interlachen, when standing on a rustic bridge, she saw a small snake crawling on the path, and called to me. It was about 15 to 18 inches long. I went and pitched it into the stream.[45]I am told the winter season is now becoming very gay and very dear too.[46]The accompanying illustration, depicting three gentlemen and seven ladies in bathing costume, was taken (tell it not in Gath) from jottings made at a safe distance. The stout lady in the centre was doubtless a Spaniard.[47]As this is passing through the press, the sad news has come which has sent a thrill of sympathy through every British breast for the heartbroken bereaved mother. Any objection on the part of France which might formerly have prevailed against her return to Biarritz, if she should desire it, can no longer possibly exist. Let us hope that a generous kindly feeling will pervade all parties in France towards one who once filled a place so high among so great a people, and upon whom such overwhelming sorrows have fallen.[48]Some additional information, particularly regarding places in the vicinity, will be found inBiarritz and Basque Countries, by Count Henry Russell, though the chapter on Biarritz itself is brief and scanty.[49]I have his third edition, published in 1861. It is possible there may be a later one. Dr. Taylor was knighted, at the request of the Emperor NapoleonIII., in recognition of his efforts to develop the resources of Pau as a residence for invalids. He has just (May 1879) died.

[1]Life of Watt, 1839, p. 198.[2]A compilation recently published gives an account of the means of conveyance had in times past in Great Britain, but does not, except very incidentally, touch upon those on the Continent. See Croal’sBook about Travelling, Past and Present, W. P. Nimmo, Edinburgh.[3]The following table, taken from Croal’sBook about Travelling, p. 575, shows the extent of the railway system in 1875 on the European Continent:—Miles of Railway.Square Miles of Territoryto each Mile of Line.Belgium,2,1745Switzerland,1,30011German Empire,14,47212France,12,37614Denmark,56118Netherlands,1,01620Austria and Hungary,10,15420Italy,4,81723Spain,3,82250Roumania,77059Portugal,59661Sweden,2,23763Turkey in Europe,965138Russia in Europe,11,591157Norway,339387Greece,72,658[4]The normal value of a sovereign is 25 francs 20 centimes.[5]It may be interesting to give, as far as I have preserved note of it, the rate of exchange received at different places during part of the period we were away:—AtCannes,Nov.1876,per £,25·75”Mentone,Dec.””25·25””thereafter,”25·”Nice,February1877,”25·75”San Remo,March””27·20”Genoa,”””27·10”Rome,23d”””27·03””19thApril””27·90”Florence,28th”””28·10””7thMay””28·15””12th”””28·10”Venice,20th”””28·25””22d”””28·15”Milan,26th”””28·”Como,11thJune””27·10”Bellagio,””””27·47”Lucerne,25th”””25·15”Interlachen,13thJuly””25·10”Paris,Aug.””25·”Interlachen,””””25·10”Montreux,8thSept.””25·12”Biarritz,Oct.””25·”Pau,18th”””25·05””21st”””25·12”Cannes,Nov.””25·06”San Remo,March1878,”27·03””April””27·45””””””27·37[6]Little monthly time bills or leaflets can be got at the Company’s offices in London and Paris, for which see Bradshaw. Some of them also, like Cook’s and Gaze’s Lists, contain through fares to most places on the Continent.[7]A quarto publication, calledVoyages circulaires viâ le Mont Cenis et la Corniche, is issued by ‘Agence de Paris, Rue Auber 1, Maison du Grand Hotel,’ containing circular tours in Italy, starting from Paris, Nice, and Marseilles.[8]The following may be given as specimens of the menu:—At the Grand Hotel du Louvre, Paris.Potage.—Consommé aux Quenelles; Hors d’œuvre; Melon.Relevées.—Saumon Sauce Hollandaise; Pommes de terre nature; Train de Côtes à la broche; Aubergines à la Provençale.Entrées.—Timbales à la Joinville; Poulardes à la Demidoff.Rot.—Canetons de Rouen au Cresson; Salade de Romaine.Entremets.—Petits Pois à l’Anglaise; Biscuits Princesse; Garnis d’Allumettes.Desserts.At a Provincial Hotel in France, somewhat more meagre than usual, however (verbatim).Potage.—Tapioca.Relevées.—Epigrammes d’Agneau Bretonne.Entrées.—Poulets Sautés Maringa.Legumes.—Choux de Bruxelles.Rôtis.—Ros bief.Entremets.—Charlotte de Pommes Parisien, etc.Dessert.[9]A Winter’s Sketches in the South of France and the Pyrenees, p. 7.[10]At Naples I sat next a German who helped himself to four thick slices of roast beef, then, according to German custom, began by placing one above another, and cutting the whole into little squares by drawing his knife first lengthways and then crossways through them, and having so divided the beef, took his knife and shovelled, in quick succession, all the pieces into his mouth. Fish is often a scarce commodity, yet I have seen German ladies, after having liberally helped themselves to it, call for more as they would for more of any other course, though it is unusual for others to ask a second supply of any course.[11]Since this chapter was written, alterations have been made on the French postal rates, and,inter alia, the postage to England is reduced to 25 centimes, and for the interior to 15 centimes; but I have allowed the text to stand as referring to the time we were away. There may be other changes of which I am not aware.[12]TheGuide, arranged alphabetically, contains information regarding the following countries and places:—Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Holland, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey in Europe, and the Mediterranean. In Denmark and Greece the number of Protestant churches is very limited. The Mediterranean embraces fifty-four towns, including towns in Egypt and Palestine.[13]The figures in this chapter are all given subject to correction.[14]Bowing the head or bowing the knee at the mention of the name of Jesus, is one of those literal renderings sometimes put upon words of Scripture, of which in reading through, long ago, as a student, theCorpus Juris Canonici, I found examples. The subject is disposed of in Mr. Thomas Spalding’sScripture Difficulties, p. 269.[15]In Mr. Birrel’s interestingLife of Dr. Brock, a man of great power and, I believe, of much liberality of mind, the following passage (p. 241) occurs in reference to a Sunday in crossing the Atlantic:—’Next day was all that a Sunday at home could be. We had service, Mr. Nolan again officiating—the captain, however, this time reading the prayers himself. One thing struck me painfully: when the absolution came to be read, the captain gave way to the priest, who alone stood and alone spoke; he alone had authority in the great matter of remission. The captain had none. Of what is this the germ?’[16]A French kilometre is equal to 1093·633 yards; an English mile is 1760 yards. Two miles are therefore more than three kilometres, and two kilometres are equal to about one mile and a quarter (1¼). But all the foreign measures differ, and it is puzzling therefore to know from the railway guides and others what are the distances in English miles. A uniform mileage system would be exceedingly useful. In fact, the statesman who could effect uniformity in measures, weights, and coinage throughout Europe, would do more real good than is obtained by more glittering acts.[17]VideFiguier’sWorld before the Deluge, p. 317.[18]I have seen the numbers produced by a single insect in the course of a year stated in a newspaper, but unfortunately did not preserve a note of the information, which is not given in the usual books about insects.[19]It would be hardly possible for me to give from recollection a complete list of all the hotels and pensions in Mentone, but I may note some at least of the most prominent. Having had friends in many of them, we had occasional opportunities of seeing them, and learning a little regarding them; but only residence in each could enable anybody to speak authoritatively, and therefore observations now made must be taken in a very general way, and subject to all allowances, and as perhaps mistaken.At the extreme west, the Pavillon is, I believe, a well-appointed hotel; but it is fully half a mile outside the town, to some a recommendation. Between it and a small house, now called the Hotel Anglo-Americaine, near to the Boirigo Bridge, there are several elegant villas, some of them to let furnished. East of this bridge, facing the promenade, are the Pension Condamine (small and moderate) and some other minor houses and pensions; then the Hotel de Russie (one on Gaze’s list); and crossing the Carrei, the first house beyond, and overlooking the public gardens, is called the Pension Americaine, in reality an hotel, with good cuisine, kept by an active, clever, and attentive landlady; near to it, the Pension Camous, a tall, overtopping, narrow building, at which the town street may be said to commence; adjoining it, the Pension or Hotel de Londres; and a little farther east, and more in town, the Hotels Westminster, Victoria, and Menton—all large, and, I believe, expensive; and, last of all, the Hotel du Midi. Beyond the Promenade, close to the market-place, and not far from the harbour, the Hotel Bristol. With the exception of the two last, all have gardens of more or less size between them and the promenade, and all have access on the other side to the public street.Back from or on the other side of the main street, there are many other hotels and pensions, among which may be mentioned, west of the Carrei, the Splendide (on Gaze’s list), a comfortable hotel within a garden; the Hotel du Parc, on the avenue leading to the railway station, with good rooms, although the entrance or site is not promising. On the east side of the Carrei and some way up beyond the railway, which it dominates, the Hotel du Louvre, a large, well-appointed hotel, apparently frequented by Germans and Dutch; behind it, and rather higher, there is the great Hotel des Îles Britanniques, commanding good views, in every respect first class, patronized by the English (though not exclusively so, one long table being set for the English and another long one for the foreigners). The landlord claims it to be the most expensive hotel in Mentone. Both these last-mentioned hotels are near to the railway station, but carriages have to make a circuit to reach them. Both are under shelter of an olive-covered hill rising high and steep immediately behind, which also affords similar shelter to the Hotels des Princes, Venise, D’Orient, Turin, and others, lying nearly in a line to the eastward. The D’Orient and Turin have both gardens in front,—that of the former is large, and in the garden of the latter a bed of roses flourishes in full flower all the winter through. Both are good houses, but the views from the windows and grounds are confined, and street houses shut them out almost entirely from the view of the sea. If, however, view be not considered important, the position is comparatively sheltered. There are also about this part several pensions, such as the ‘Des Alpes,’—a small house, and moderate charges.In the east bay, after passing the old town, which in the afternoon always casts a dank shadow on the part of the road which underlies it, called the Quai Bonaparte, requiring the invalid to take special precautions, and passing the drain pipe, the first hotel met is the Grande Bretagne, one of the oldest houses. It is that upon Cook’s list for Mentone, and consequently seems to be always well filled. Up on the height behind, a little to the eastward, are the Hotels d’Italie and Belle Vue, both comfortable; but the ascent to them is steep, the fatigue being, however, rewarded by the fine view from the terraces and windows. Returning to the road below, which is a part of the Corniche, we observe the East English Church, and next to it the Hotel de la Paix close to the street, but having a garden to the back. Facing it across the road is the only bathing establishment of Mentone. Adjoining its east side, but back from the road within a garden, the Hotel des Anglais where Dr. Bennett obtains his quarters. A little beyond, a small piece of ground, probably an acre in extent, has recently been acquired and laid out as a public garden, in which the band occasionally plays; and amidst a cluster of other hotels and pensions farther east, the Grand Hotel, a comfortable, large house, charging moderately. If the visitor prefer or is recommended to reside in the east bay, he will find the extreme east (called the Quartier Garavent, though so much farther from town, and though hot and dusty) is the choicer situation. There is, however, an omnibus to town every hour from the far east to about the Hotel du Pavillon, at the extreme west end.[20]A recently-published guide-book to the south of France says, with regard to Mentone:—’A kind of gloom pervades Menton. The strip of ground on which it stands is narrow, and so are the streets.’ ‘The valleys are narrow and sombre. The roads up the mountains are steep, badly paved, and are generally traversed on donkeys, which go slowly and require so much chastisement that an ordinary walker will find it less fatiguing to dispense with them.’ It also sets down the population at 12,000, and that of Cannes, by far the larger town, at 7000. These are statements which require revision, as they do not accord with the facts.[21]See Frontispiece.[22]It is impossible to place reliance on the exactness of such figures. They must throughout be taken as obtained from different sources, and possibly in no one case correct. I should, for example, here doubt whether Castiglione stands as high as the castle of Ste. Agnese.[23]It is the custom in the Riviera, and probably elsewhere in France, to give free of charge, to those who are on pension, their lunch to take with them on such excursions, which they would otherwise have had at the hotel.[24]At Biarritz a different practice prevails. Instead of beating the linen, the linen is employed to beat the stone. We have seen a lady’s fancy petticoat thus thrashed against the stones without mercy.[25]The expense of washing at Mentone, though not moderate, is less than in Paris.[26]Mr. C. Home-Douglas (p. 177) publishes observations giving much lower mean temperatures. I suppose in these matters observers seldom agree.[27]I shall use henceforth franc for lira, the Italian name, for simplicity’s sake.[28]The ceremony of baptism in the Greek Church is even more trying to the poor child. SeeThe Englishwoman in Russia, p. 265.[29]I have since seen a different account given of this stone.[30]So called from its colossal size. It is sometimes spelt Coliseum, a corruption of the word.[31]The arena of Nismes is 148 by 112 yards, height 74 feet, and accommodated 32,000 spectators; arena, 74 by 42 yards. The Colosseum, 205 by 170 yards, height 156 feet, accommodating 87,000 spectators (besides containing standing room for 23,000 more in the porticoes and surrounding passages); arena, 93 by 58 yards. But in stating these and other measurements, it is always right to keep in mind that in different books the figures do not correspond, and one well-informed and most reliable writer states the dimensions of the Colosseum at about 40 feet more each way than the above. Mr. Storey’s figures for the Colosseum also vary from the above several yards in each measurement. For a pretty full account of the Colosseum, reference may be made to Storey’sRoba di Roma, vol. i. chap. ix.[32]The extent, however, is variously computed. One writer, generally very exact, says: ‘According to Romani and Nibby’s plan of Rome,’ Caracalla’s baths ‘covered an area of 370 yards square, or 28 English acres.’ ‘Eustace makes the extent twice as great.’ Gibbon states that they were a mile in circumference, which would be 193,600 square yards, or 40 acres. Hare says they covered a space of 2,625,000 square yards, which is equal to 542 acres. It is not improbable that some measurements may refer merely to the ground covered by buildings, and that others comprehend ground not so covered. But even this explanation will not account for such extraordinary discrepancies.[33]Bædeker says: ‘At the back of the Pantheon are situated the ruins of the Thermæ of Agrippa, the proximity of which to the Pantheon once gave rise to the absurd conjecture that the temple originally belonged to the baths, and was afterwards converted into a temple.’ In a matter of this kind, however, the authority of such a man as Mr. Thomson is much to be preferred to that of any writer in a guide-book.[34]It seems that atTre Fontane, above a mile westward, which we did not visit, the Eucalyptus tree has now been largely planted; and if it will grow, it is expected to render the locality healthy.[35]Miss Kate Thompson’sHandbook to the Public Picture Galleries of Europe, Macmillan, 1877, is a useful little volume in its way, but its illustration would occupy volumes.[36]After being in several shops, we concluded that C. Roccheggiani, Via Condotti, had the largest and most varied stock.[37]This number is stated upon an authority which differs in the further figures here given, some of which seem almost incredibly large. How the 9025 baths can be reconciled with the statement (p. 299) of sixteen bathing establishments, I do not pretend to say.[38]I see it stated that in 1851 the number of Romish priests in Great Britain was 958; of Romish chapels, 683; of monasteries, 17; of religious houses for women, 53. In 1879 these numbers were increased to 1238, 1386, 118, and 272 respectively. The number of the laity doubtless has increased, though possibly, and as it is to be hoped, not correspondingly.[39]So named after the present proprietrix, Mme. Barbensi. It seems quite a foreign or at least an Italian practice to call houses after the name of the proprietor. Molini was either her maiden name or the name of the previous proprietor.[40]‘Were I now to begin the world again, I would tread in the steps of that great master; to kiss the hem of his garment, to catch the slightest of his perfections, would be glory and distinction enough for an ambitious man.’—15th Discourse.[41]A large valuable work in small folio, copiously illustrated—veritable volumesde luxe—has recently been published: ‘Venise: Histoire, Art, Industrie, la Ville, la Vie.Par Charles Yriarte.’[42]Here, as in other things, measurements differ, one authority having it 443 feet long, another 477 feet, interior measurement. Though it may be shorter than St. Paul’s of London, it is no doubt considerably wider, and covers, therefore, a greater area.[43]It is stated in one book that in December 1845 the thermometer registered as low as—82·90°, equal to about—185° Fahr. This was incredible; and on looking the Austrian official records I found it should have been—2·9°, showing with what caution such statements in non-official books should be taken.[44]Afterwards, at Interlachen, when standing on a rustic bridge, she saw a small snake crawling on the path, and called to me. It was about 15 to 18 inches long. I went and pitched it into the stream.[45]I am told the winter season is now becoming very gay and very dear too.[46]The accompanying illustration, depicting three gentlemen and seven ladies in bathing costume, was taken (tell it not in Gath) from jottings made at a safe distance. The stout lady in the centre was doubtless a Spaniard.[47]As this is passing through the press, the sad news has come which has sent a thrill of sympathy through every British breast for the heartbroken bereaved mother. Any objection on the part of France which might formerly have prevailed against her return to Biarritz, if she should desire it, can no longer possibly exist. Let us hope that a generous kindly feeling will pervade all parties in France towards one who once filled a place so high among so great a people, and upon whom such overwhelming sorrows have fallen.[48]Some additional information, particularly regarding places in the vicinity, will be found inBiarritz and Basque Countries, by Count Henry Russell, though the chapter on Biarritz itself is brief and scanty.[49]I have his third edition, published in 1861. It is possible there may be a later one. Dr. Taylor was knighted, at the request of the Emperor NapoleonIII., in recognition of his efforts to develop the resources of Pau as a residence for invalids. He has just (May 1879) died.

[1]Life of Watt, 1839, p. 198.

[2]A compilation recently published gives an account of the means of conveyance had in times past in Great Britain, but does not, except very incidentally, touch upon those on the Continent. See Croal’sBook about Travelling, Past and Present, W. P. Nimmo, Edinburgh.

[3]The following table, taken from Croal’sBook about Travelling, p. 575, shows the extent of the railway system in 1875 on the European Continent:—

[4]The normal value of a sovereign is 25 francs 20 centimes.

[5]It may be interesting to give, as far as I have preserved note of it, the rate of exchange received at different places during part of the period we were away:—

[6]Little monthly time bills or leaflets can be got at the Company’s offices in London and Paris, for which see Bradshaw. Some of them also, like Cook’s and Gaze’s Lists, contain through fares to most places on the Continent.

[7]A quarto publication, calledVoyages circulaires viâ le Mont Cenis et la Corniche, is issued by ‘Agence de Paris, Rue Auber 1, Maison du Grand Hotel,’ containing circular tours in Italy, starting from Paris, Nice, and Marseilles.

[8]The following may be given as specimens of the menu:—

At the Grand Hotel du Louvre, Paris.

Potage.—Consommé aux Quenelles; Hors d’œuvre; Melon.Relevées.—Saumon Sauce Hollandaise; Pommes de terre nature; Train de Côtes à la broche; Aubergines à la Provençale.Entrées.—Timbales à la Joinville; Poulardes à la Demidoff.Rot.—Canetons de Rouen au Cresson; Salade de Romaine.Entremets.—Petits Pois à l’Anglaise; Biscuits Princesse; Garnis d’Allumettes.Desserts.

At a Provincial Hotel in France, somewhat more meagre than usual, however (verbatim).

Potage.—Tapioca.Relevées.—Epigrammes d’Agneau Bretonne.Entrées.—Poulets Sautés Maringa.Legumes.—Choux de Bruxelles.Rôtis.—Ros bief.Entremets.—Charlotte de Pommes Parisien, etc.Dessert.

[9]A Winter’s Sketches in the South of France and the Pyrenees, p. 7.

[10]At Naples I sat next a German who helped himself to four thick slices of roast beef, then, according to German custom, began by placing one above another, and cutting the whole into little squares by drawing his knife first lengthways and then crossways through them, and having so divided the beef, took his knife and shovelled, in quick succession, all the pieces into his mouth. Fish is often a scarce commodity, yet I have seen German ladies, after having liberally helped themselves to it, call for more as they would for more of any other course, though it is unusual for others to ask a second supply of any course.

[11]Since this chapter was written, alterations have been made on the French postal rates, and,inter alia, the postage to England is reduced to 25 centimes, and for the interior to 15 centimes; but I have allowed the text to stand as referring to the time we were away. There may be other changes of which I am not aware.

[12]TheGuide, arranged alphabetically, contains information regarding the following countries and places:—Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Holland, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey in Europe, and the Mediterranean. In Denmark and Greece the number of Protestant churches is very limited. The Mediterranean embraces fifty-four towns, including towns in Egypt and Palestine.

[13]The figures in this chapter are all given subject to correction.

[14]Bowing the head or bowing the knee at the mention of the name of Jesus, is one of those literal renderings sometimes put upon words of Scripture, of which in reading through, long ago, as a student, theCorpus Juris Canonici, I found examples. The subject is disposed of in Mr. Thomas Spalding’sScripture Difficulties, p. 269.

[15]In Mr. Birrel’s interestingLife of Dr. Brock, a man of great power and, I believe, of much liberality of mind, the following passage (p. 241) occurs in reference to a Sunday in crossing the Atlantic:—’Next day was all that a Sunday at home could be. We had service, Mr. Nolan again officiating—the captain, however, this time reading the prayers himself. One thing struck me painfully: when the absolution came to be read, the captain gave way to the priest, who alone stood and alone spoke; he alone had authority in the great matter of remission. The captain had none. Of what is this the germ?’

[16]A French kilometre is equal to 1093·633 yards; an English mile is 1760 yards. Two miles are therefore more than three kilometres, and two kilometres are equal to about one mile and a quarter (1¼). But all the foreign measures differ, and it is puzzling therefore to know from the railway guides and others what are the distances in English miles. A uniform mileage system would be exceedingly useful. In fact, the statesman who could effect uniformity in measures, weights, and coinage throughout Europe, would do more real good than is obtained by more glittering acts.

[17]VideFiguier’sWorld before the Deluge, p. 317.

[18]I have seen the numbers produced by a single insect in the course of a year stated in a newspaper, but unfortunately did not preserve a note of the information, which is not given in the usual books about insects.

[19]It would be hardly possible for me to give from recollection a complete list of all the hotels and pensions in Mentone, but I may note some at least of the most prominent. Having had friends in many of them, we had occasional opportunities of seeing them, and learning a little regarding them; but only residence in each could enable anybody to speak authoritatively, and therefore observations now made must be taken in a very general way, and subject to all allowances, and as perhaps mistaken.

At the extreme west, the Pavillon is, I believe, a well-appointed hotel; but it is fully half a mile outside the town, to some a recommendation. Between it and a small house, now called the Hotel Anglo-Americaine, near to the Boirigo Bridge, there are several elegant villas, some of them to let furnished. East of this bridge, facing the promenade, are the Pension Condamine (small and moderate) and some other minor houses and pensions; then the Hotel de Russie (one on Gaze’s list); and crossing the Carrei, the first house beyond, and overlooking the public gardens, is called the Pension Americaine, in reality an hotel, with good cuisine, kept by an active, clever, and attentive landlady; near to it, the Pension Camous, a tall, overtopping, narrow building, at which the town street may be said to commence; adjoining it, the Pension or Hotel de Londres; and a little farther east, and more in town, the Hotels Westminster, Victoria, and Menton—all large, and, I believe, expensive; and, last of all, the Hotel du Midi. Beyond the Promenade, close to the market-place, and not far from the harbour, the Hotel Bristol. With the exception of the two last, all have gardens of more or less size between them and the promenade, and all have access on the other side to the public street.

Back from or on the other side of the main street, there are many other hotels and pensions, among which may be mentioned, west of the Carrei, the Splendide (on Gaze’s list), a comfortable hotel within a garden; the Hotel du Parc, on the avenue leading to the railway station, with good rooms, although the entrance or site is not promising. On the east side of the Carrei and some way up beyond the railway, which it dominates, the Hotel du Louvre, a large, well-appointed hotel, apparently frequented by Germans and Dutch; behind it, and rather higher, there is the great Hotel des Îles Britanniques, commanding good views, in every respect first class, patronized by the English (though not exclusively so, one long table being set for the English and another long one for the foreigners). The landlord claims it to be the most expensive hotel in Mentone. Both these last-mentioned hotels are near to the railway station, but carriages have to make a circuit to reach them. Both are under shelter of an olive-covered hill rising high and steep immediately behind, which also affords similar shelter to the Hotels des Princes, Venise, D’Orient, Turin, and others, lying nearly in a line to the eastward. The D’Orient and Turin have both gardens in front,—that of the former is large, and in the garden of the latter a bed of roses flourishes in full flower all the winter through. Both are good houses, but the views from the windows and grounds are confined, and street houses shut them out almost entirely from the view of the sea. If, however, view be not considered important, the position is comparatively sheltered. There are also about this part several pensions, such as the ‘Des Alpes,’—a small house, and moderate charges.

In the east bay, after passing the old town, which in the afternoon always casts a dank shadow on the part of the road which underlies it, called the Quai Bonaparte, requiring the invalid to take special precautions, and passing the drain pipe, the first hotel met is the Grande Bretagne, one of the oldest houses. It is that upon Cook’s list for Mentone, and consequently seems to be always well filled. Up on the height behind, a little to the eastward, are the Hotels d’Italie and Belle Vue, both comfortable; but the ascent to them is steep, the fatigue being, however, rewarded by the fine view from the terraces and windows. Returning to the road below, which is a part of the Corniche, we observe the East English Church, and next to it the Hotel de la Paix close to the street, but having a garden to the back. Facing it across the road is the only bathing establishment of Mentone. Adjoining its east side, but back from the road within a garden, the Hotel des Anglais where Dr. Bennett obtains his quarters. A little beyond, a small piece of ground, probably an acre in extent, has recently been acquired and laid out as a public garden, in which the band occasionally plays; and amidst a cluster of other hotels and pensions farther east, the Grand Hotel, a comfortable, large house, charging moderately. If the visitor prefer or is recommended to reside in the east bay, he will find the extreme east (called the Quartier Garavent, though so much farther from town, and though hot and dusty) is the choicer situation. There is, however, an omnibus to town every hour from the far east to about the Hotel du Pavillon, at the extreme west end.

[20]A recently-published guide-book to the south of France says, with regard to Mentone:—’A kind of gloom pervades Menton. The strip of ground on which it stands is narrow, and so are the streets.’ ‘The valleys are narrow and sombre. The roads up the mountains are steep, badly paved, and are generally traversed on donkeys, which go slowly and require so much chastisement that an ordinary walker will find it less fatiguing to dispense with them.’ It also sets down the population at 12,000, and that of Cannes, by far the larger town, at 7000. These are statements which require revision, as they do not accord with the facts.

[21]See Frontispiece.

[22]It is impossible to place reliance on the exactness of such figures. They must throughout be taken as obtained from different sources, and possibly in no one case correct. I should, for example, here doubt whether Castiglione stands as high as the castle of Ste. Agnese.

[23]It is the custom in the Riviera, and probably elsewhere in France, to give free of charge, to those who are on pension, their lunch to take with them on such excursions, which they would otherwise have had at the hotel.

[24]At Biarritz a different practice prevails. Instead of beating the linen, the linen is employed to beat the stone. We have seen a lady’s fancy petticoat thus thrashed against the stones without mercy.

[25]The expense of washing at Mentone, though not moderate, is less than in Paris.

[26]Mr. C. Home-Douglas (p. 177) publishes observations giving much lower mean temperatures. I suppose in these matters observers seldom agree.

[27]I shall use henceforth franc for lira, the Italian name, for simplicity’s sake.

[28]The ceremony of baptism in the Greek Church is even more trying to the poor child. SeeThe Englishwoman in Russia, p. 265.

[29]I have since seen a different account given of this stone.

[30]So called from its colossal size. It is sometimes spelt Coliseum, a corruption of the word.

[31]The arena of Nismes is 148 by 112 yards, height 74 feet, and accommodated 32,000 spectators; arena, 74 by 42 yards. The Colosseum, 205 by 170 yards, height 156 feet, accommodating 87,000 spectators (besides containing standing room for 23,000 more in the porticoes and surrounding passages); arena, 93 by 58 yards. But in stating these and other measurements, it is always right to keep in mind that in different books the figures do not correspond, and one well-informed and most reliable writer states the dimensions of the Colosseum at about 40 feet more each way than the above. Mr. Storey’s figures for the Colosseum also vary from the above several yards in each measurement. For a pretty full account of the Colosseum, reference may be made to Storey’sRoba di Roma, vol. i. chap. ix.

[32]The extent, however, is variously computed. One writer, generally very exact, says: ‘According to Romani and Nibby’s plan of Rome,’ Caracalla’s baths ‘covered an area of 370 yards square, or 28 English acres.’ ‘Eustace makes the extent twice as great.’ Gibbon states that they were a mile in circumference, which would be 193,600 square yards, or 40 acres. Hare says they covered a space of 2,625,000 square yards, which is equal to 542 acres. It is not improbable that some measurements may refer merely to the ground covered by buildings, and that others comprehend ground not so covered. But even this explanation will not account for such extraordinary discrepancies.

[33]Bædeker says: ‘At the back of the Pantheon are situated the ruins of the Thermæ of Agrippa, the proximity of which to the Pantheon once gave rise to the absurd conjecture that the temple originally belonged to the baths, and was afterwards converted into a temple.’ In a matter of this kind, however, the authority of such a man as Mr. Thomson is much to be preferred to that of any writer in a guide-book.

[34]It seems that atTre Fontane, above a mile westward, which we did not visit, the Eucalyptus tree has now been largely planted; and if it will grow, it is expected to render the locality healthy.

[35]Miss Kate Thompson’sHandbook to the Public Picture Galleries of Europe, Macmillan, 1877, is a useful little volume in its way, but its illustration would occupy volumes.

[36]After being in several shops, we concluded that C. Roccheggiani, Via Condotti, had the largest and most varied stock.

[37]This number is stated upon an authority which differs in the further figures here given, some of which seem almost incredibly large. How the 9025 baths can be reconciled with the statement (p. 299) of sixteen bathing establishments, I do not pretend to say.

[38]I see it stated that in 1851 the number of Romish priests in Great Britain was 958; of Romish chapels, 683; of monasteries, 17; of religious houses for women, 53. In 1879 these numbers were increased to 1238, 1386, 118, and 272 respectively. The number of the laity doubtless has increased, though possibly, and as it is to be hoped, not correspondingly.

[39]So named after the present proprietrix, Mme. Barbensi. It seems quite a foreign or at least an Italian practice to call houses after the name of the proprietor. Molini was either her maiden name or the name of the previous proprietor.

[40]‘Were I now to begin the world again, I would tread in the steps of that great master; to kiss the hem of his garment, to catch the slightest of his perfections, would be glory and distinction enough for an ambitious man.’—15th Discourse.

[41]A large valuable work in small folio, copiously illustrated—veritable volumesde luxe—has recently been published: ‘Venise: Histoire, Art, Industrie, la Ville, la Vie.Par Charles Yriarte.’

[42]Here, as in other things, measurements differ, one authority having it 443 feet long, another 477 feet, interior measurement. Though it may be shorter than St. Paul’s of London, it is no doubt considerably wider, and covers, therefore, a greater area.

[43]It is stated in one book that in December 1845 the thermometer registered as low as—82·90°, equal to about—185° Fahr. This was incredible; and on looking the Austrian official records I found it should have been—2·9°, showing with what caution such statements in non-official books should be taken.

[44]Afterwards, at Interlachen, when standing on a rustic bridge, she saw a small snake crawling on the path, and called to me. It was about 15 to 18 inches long. I went and pitched it into the stream.

[45]I am told the winter season is now becoming very gay and very dear too.

[46]The accompanying illustration, depicting three gentlemen and seven ladies in bathing costume, was taken (tell it not in Gath) from jottings made at a safe distance. The stout lady in the centre was doubtless a Spaniard.

[47]As this is passing through the press, the sad news has come which has sent a thrill of sympathy through every British breast for the heartbroken bereaved mother. Any objection on the part of France which might formerly have prevailed against her return to Biarritz, if she should desire it, can no longer possibly exist. Let us hope that a generous kindly feeling will pervade all parties in France towards one who once filled a place so high among so great a people, and upon whom such overwhelming sorrows have fallen.

[48]Some additional information, particularly regarding places in the vicinity, will be found inBiarritz and Basque Countries, by Count Henry Russell, though the chapter on Biarritz itself is brief and scanty.

[49]I have his third edition, published in 1861. It is possible there may be a later one. Dr. Taylor was knighted, at the request of the Emperor NapoleonIII., in recognition of his efforts to develop the resources of Pau as a residence for invalids. He has just (May 1879) died.

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