Bib[)u]lus burns thirty of Caesar's ships, C. iii. 8; his hatred of Caesar,ibid. 8, 16; his cruelty towards the prisoners that fell into his hands,ibid. 14; his death,ibid. 18; death of his two sons,ibid. 110
Bigerriones, a people of Gaul, inhabiting the country now calledBigorre,in Gascony; they surrender and give hostages to Crassus, G. iii. 27
Bithynia, a country of Asia Minor, adjoining to Troas, over againstThrace,Becsangial
Bit[:u]r[)i]ges, a people of Guienne, in France, of the country ofBerry;they join with the Arverni in the general defection under Vercingetorix, G. vii. 5
Boeotia, a country in Greece; separated from Attica by Mount Citheron.It had formerly several other names and was famous for its capital,Thebes; it is now calledStramulipa
Boii, an ancient people of Germany who, passing the Rhine, settled in Gaul, theBourbonnois;they join with the Helvetians in their expedition against Gaul, G. i. 5; attack the Romans in flank,ibid. 25; Caesar allows them to settle among the Aeduans,ibid. 28
Bor[=a]ni, an ancient people of Germany, supposed by some to be the same as the Burii
Bosphor[=a]ni, a people bordering upon the Euxine Sea,the Tartars
Bosph[)o]rus, two straits of the sea so called, one Bosphorus Thracius, now theStraits of Constantinople;the other Bosphorus Climerius, now theStraits of Caffa
Brannov[=i]ces, the people ofMorienne,in France
Brannovii furnished their contingent to the relief of Alesia, C. vii. 75
Bratuspant[)i]um, a city of Gaul, belonging to the Bellov[)a]ci,Beauvais;it submits, and obtains pardon from Caesar, G. ii. 13
Bridge built by Caesar over the Rhine described, G. iv. 7
Br[)i]tannia, Caesar's expedition thither, G. iv. 20; description of the coast, 23; the Romans land in spite of the vigorous opposition of the islanders, 26; the Britons send ambassadors to Caesar to desire a peace, which they obtain on delivery of hostages, 27; they break the peace on hearing that Caesar's fleet was destroyed by a storm, and set upon the Roman foragers, 30; their manner of fighting in chariots; they fall upon the Roman camp, but are repulsed, and petition again for peace, which Caesar grants them, 33-35; Caesar passes over into their island a second time, v. 8; drives them from the woods where they had taken refuge, 9; describes their manners and way of living, 12; defeats them in several encounters, 15-21; grants them a peace, on their giving hostages, and agreeing to pay a yearly tribute, 22
Brundusium, a city of Italy,Brindisi.By the Greeks it was called [Greek: Brentesion], which in the Messapian language signified a stag's head, from the resemblance which its different harbours and creeks bore to that object; Pompey retires thither with his forces, C. i. 24; Caesar lays siege to it, 26; Pompey escapes from it by sea, upon which it immediately surrenders to Caesar, 28; Libo blocks up the port with a fleet, C. iii. 24; but by the valour of Antony is obliged to retire,ibid.
Brutii, a people of Italy,the Calabrians.They were said to be runaway slaves and shepherds of the Lucanians, who, after concealing themselves for a time, became at last numerous enough to attack their masters, and succeeded at length in gaining their independence. Their very name is said to indicate that they were revolted slaves: [Greek: Brettious gar kalousi apostatas], says Strabo, speaking of the Lucanians
Br[=u]tus, appointed to command the fleet in the war against the people of Vannes, G. iii. 11; engages and defeats at sea the Venetians, 14; and also the people of Marseilles, C. i. 58; engages them a second time with the same good fortune, ii. 3
Bullis, a town in Macedonia, unknown; it sends ambassadors to Caesar with an offer of submission, C. iii. 12
Buthr[=o]tum, a city of Epirus,Butrinto,orBotronto
Byzantium, an ancient city of Thrace, called at different times Ligos,Nova Roma, and nowConstantinople
Cabill[=o]num, a city of ancient Gaul,Chalons sur Sa[^o]ne
Cad[=e]tes, a people of Gaul, unknown
Cadurci, a people of Gaul, inhabiting the country ofQuercy
Caeraesi, a people of Belgic Gaul, inhabiting the country round Namur; they join in the general confederacy of Belgium against Caesar, G. i. 4
Caesar, hastens towards Gaul, C. i. 7; refuses the Helvetians a passage through the Roman province,ibid.; his answer to their ambassadors, 14; defeats and sends them back into their own country, 25-27; sends ambassadors to Ariovistus, 34; calls a council of war: his speech, 40; begins his march, 41; his speech to Ariovistus, 43; totally routs the Germans, and obliges them to repass the Rhine, 53; his war with the Belgians, ii. 2; reduces the Suessi[)o]nes and Bellov[)a]ci, 12, 13; his prodigious slaughter of the Nervians, 20-27; obliges the Atuatici to submit, 32; prepares for the war against the Venetians, iii. 9; defeats them in a naval engagement, and totally subdues them, 14, 15; is obliged to put his army into winter quarters, before he can complete the reduction of the Menapians and Morini, 29; marches to find out the Germans; his answer to their ambassadors, iv. 8; attacks them in their camp and routs them, 14, 15; crosses the Rhine, and returns to Gaul, 17 —19; his expedition into Britain described, 22; refits his navy, 31; comes to the assistance of his foragers whom the Britons had attacked, 34; returns to Gaul, 36; gives orders for building a navy, v. 1; his preparations for a second expedition into Britain, 2; marches into the country of Treves to prevent a rebellion, 3; marches to Port Itius, and invites all the princes of Gaul to meet him there, 5; sets sail for Britain, 8; describes the country and customs of the inhabitants, 12; fords the river Thames, and puts Cassivellaunus, the leader of the Britons, to flight, 18; imposes a tribute upon the Britons and returns into Gaul, 23; routs the Nervians, and relieves Cicero, 51; resolves to winter in Gaul, 53; his second expedition into Germany, vi. 9; his description of the manners of the Gauls and Germans, 13; his return into Gaul, and vigorous prosecution of the war against Ambiorix, 27; crosses the mountains of the Cevennes in the midst of winter, and arrives at Auvergne, which submits, vii. 8; takes and sacks Genabum, 11; takes Noviodunum, and marches from thence to Avaricum, 12; his works before Alesia, 69; withstands all the attacks of the Gauls, and obliges the place to surrender, 89; marches into the country of the Biturigians, and compels them to submit, viii. 2; demands Guturvatus, who is delivered up and put to death, 38; marches to besiege Uxellodunum, 39; cuts off the hands of the besieged at Uxellodunum, 44; marches to Corfinium, and besieges it, C. i. 16, which in a short time surrenders, 22; he marches through Abruzzo, and great part of the kingdom of Naples, 23; his arrival at Brundusium, and blockade of the haven, 24; commits the siege of Marseilles to the case of Brutus and Trebonius, 36; his expedition to Spain, 37; his speech to Afranius, 85; comes to Marseilles, which surrenders. C. ii. 22; takes Oricum, iii. 8; marches to Dyrrhachium to cut off Pompey's communication with that place, 41; sends Canuleius into Epirus for corn, 42; besieges Pompey in his camp, his reasons for it, 43; encloses Pompey's works within his fortifications: a skirmish between them, 45; his army reduced to great straits for want of provisions, 47; offers Pompey battle, which he declines, 56; sends Clodius to Scipio, to treat about a peace, whose endeavours prove ineffectual, 57; joins Domitius, storms and takes the town of Gomphis in Thessaly, in four hours' time, 80; gains a complete victory over Pompey in the battle of Pharsalia, 93; summons Ptolemy and Cleopatra to attend him, 107; burns the Alexandrian fleet, 111
Caesar[=e]a, the chief city of Cappadocia
Caesia Sylva, theCaesianForest, supposed to be a part of theHercynian Forest, about the duchy of Cleves and Westphalia
Calagurritani, a people of Hispania Tarraconensis, inhabiting the province ofCalahorra;send ambassadors to Caesar with an offer of submission, C. i. 60
Cal[)e]tes, an ancient people of Belgic Gaul, inhabiting the country calledLe Pais de Caulx,in Normandy, betwixt the Seine and the sea; they furnish ten thousand men in the general revolt of Belgium, G. ii. 4
Cal[)y]don, a city of Aetolia,Ayton,C. iii. 35
C[)a]m[)e]r[=i]num, a city of Umbria, in Italy,Camarino
Camp[=a]n[)i]a, the most pleasant part of Italy, in the kingdom ofNaples, now calledTerra di Lavoro
Campi Can[=i]ni, a place in the Milanese, in Italy, not far fromBelizona
Campi Catalaunici, supposed to be the large plain which begins about two miles from Chalons sur Marne
Cam[=u]l[)o]g[=e]nus appointed commander-in-chief by the Parisians, G. vii. 57; obliges Labienus to decamp from before Paris,ibid.;is slain, 62
Cadav[)i]a, a country of Macedonia,Canovia
Caninefates, an ancient people of the lower part of Germany, nearBatavia, occupying the country in which Gorckum, on the Maese, in SouthHolland, now is
Can[=i]nius sets Duracius at liberty, who had been shut up in Limonum byDumnacus, G. viii. 26; pursues Drapes, 30; lays siege to Uxellodunum, 33
Cant[)a]bri, the Cantabrians, an ancient warlike people of Spain, properly of the provinces ofGuipuscoaandBiscay; they are obliged by Afranius to furnish a supply of troops, C. i. 38
Cantium, a part of England,the county of Kent
C[)a]nus[=i]um, a city of Apulia, in Italy,Canosa. The splendid remains of antiquity discovered among the ruins of Canosa, together with its coins, establish the Grecian origin of the place
Cappadocia, a large country in Asia Minor, upon the Euxine Sea
Capr[)e]a,Capri, an island on the coast of Campania
Cap[)u]a,Capha, a city in the kingdom of Naples, in the Provincia diLavoro
C[)a]r[)a]les, a city of Sardinia,Cagliari
C[)a]r[)a]l[)i]t[=a]ni, the people ofCagliari, in Sardinia; they declare against Pompey, and expel Cotta with his garrison, C. i. 30
Carc[)a]so, a city of Gaul,Carcassone
Carm[=o]na, a town of Hispania Baetica,Carmone; declares for Caesar, and expels the enemy's garrison, C. ii. 19
Carni, an ancient people, inhabiting a part of Noricum, whose country is still calledCarniola
Carn[=u]tes, an ancient people of France, inhabiting the territory now calledChartres; Caesar quarters some troops among them, G. ii. 35; they openly assassinate Tasgetins, G. v. 25; send ambassadors to Caesar and submit, vi. 4; offer to be the first in taking up alms against the Romans, vii. 2; attack the Biturigians, but are dispersed and put to flight by Caesar. viii. 5
Carpi, an ancient people near the Danube
Cassandr[)e]a, a city of Macedonia,Cassandria
Cassi, a people of ancient Britain,the hundred of Caishow, inHertfordshire; they send ambassadors and submit to Caesar, G. v. 21
Caesil[=i]num, a town in Italy,Castelluzzo
Cassivellaunus, chosen commander-in-chief of the confederate Britons, G. v. 11; endeavours in vain to stop the course of Caesar's conquests, 18; is obliged to submit, and accept Caesar's terms, 22
Cassius, Pompey's lieutenant, burns Caesar's fleet in Sicily, C. iii. 101
Castellum Menapiorum,Kessel, a town in Brabant, on the river Neerse, not far from the Maese
Cast[)i]cus, the son of Catam['a]ntaledes, solicited by Orgetorix to invade the liberty of his country, G. i. 3
Castra Posthumiana, a town in Hispania Baetica,Castro el Rio
Castra Vetera, an ancient city in Lower Germany, in the duchy of Cleves; some say whereSanton, others whereByrthonnow is
Castulonensis Saltus, a city of Hispania Tarraconensis,Castona laVieja
Cativulcus takes up arms against the Romans at the instigation ofIndutiomarus, G. v. 24; poisons himself, vi. 31
Cato of Utica, the source of his hatred to Caesar, C. i. 4; made praetor of Sicily, prepares for war, and abdicates his province, 30
Catur[)i]ges, an ancient people of Gaul, inhabiting the country ofEmbrun, orAmbrun, orChagres; oppose Caesar's passage over the Alps, G. i. 10
Cavalry, their institution and manner of fighting among the Germans, G. i. 48, iv. 2
Cavarillus taken and brought before Caesar, G. vii. 62
Cavarinus, the Senones attempt to assassinate him, G. v. 54; Caesar orders him to attend him with the cavalry of the Senones, vi. 5
Cebenna Mons, the mountains of theCevennes, in Gaul, separating theHelvians from Auvergne
Celeja, a city of Noricum Mediterraneum, nowCilley
Celtae, a people of Thrace, about the mountains of Rhodope and Haemus
Celtae, an ancient people of Gaul, in that part called Gallia Comata, between the Garumna (Garonne) and Sequana (Seine), from whom that country was likewise called Gallia Celtica. They were the most powerful of the three great nations that inhabited Gaul, and are supposed to be the original inhabitants of that extensive country. It is generally supposed that they called themselvesGail, orGael, out of which name the Greeks formed their [Greek: Keltai], and the Romans Galli. Some, however, deduce the name from the Gaelic "Ceilt," an inhabitant of the forest
Celt[)i]b[=e]ri, an ancient people of Spain, descended from the Celtae, who settled about the River Iberus, orEbro, from whom the country was called Celtiberia, nowArragon; Afranius obliges them to furnish a supply of troops, C. i. 38
Celtillus, the father of Vercingetorix, assassinated by the Arverni, G. vii. 4
Cenimagni, or Iceni, an ancient people of Britain, inhabiting the counties ofSuffolk, Norfolk, Cambridgeshire, andHuntingdonshire
Cenis Mons, that part of the Alps which separates Savoy from Piedmont
Cenni, an ancient people of Celtic extraction
Cenom[=a]ni, a people of Gallia Celtica, in the country now calledLeManseau, adjoining to that of the Insubres
Centr[=o]nes, an ancient people of Flanders, about the city ofCourtray, dependent on the Nervians
Centr[=o]nes, an ancient people of Gaul, inhabiting the country ofTarantaise
Cerauni Montes, Mountains of Epirus,Monti di Chimera
Cerc[=i]na, an island on the coast of Africa,Chercara, Cercare
Cevennes, mountains of, Caesar passes them in the midst of winter, though covered with snow six feet deep, G. vii. 8
Chara, a root which served to support Caesar's army in extreme necessity, C. iii. 48; manner of preparing it,ibid.
Chariots, manner of fighting with them among the Britons, G. iv. 33; dexterity of the British charioteers,ibid.
Cherron[=e]sus, a peninsula of Africa, near Alexandria
Cherson[=e]sus Cimbr[=i]ca, a peninsula on the Baltic, nowJutland, part ofHolstein, Ditmarsh, andSleswic
Cherusci, a great and warlike people of ancient Germany, between the Elbe and the Weser, about the country now calledMansfield, part of the duchy ofBrunswick, and the dioceses ofHildesheimandHalberstadt. The Cherusci, under the command of Arminius (Hermann), lured the unfortunate Varus into the wilds of the Saltus Teutoburgiensis (Tutinger Wold), where they massacred him and his whole army. They were afterwards defeated by Germanicus, who, on his march through the forest so fatal to his countrymen, found the bones of the legions where they had been left to blanch by their barbarian conqueror.—See Tacitus's account of the March of the Roman Legions through the German forests,Annals,b. i. c. 71
Cicero, Quintus, attacked in his winter quarters by Ambi[)o]rix, G. v. 39; informs Caesar of his distress, who marches to relieve him, 46; attacked unexpectedly by the Sigambri, who are nevertheless obliged to retire, vi. 36
Cimbri,the Jutlanders,a very ancient northern people, who inhabitedChersonesus Cimbrica
Cing[)e]t[)o]rix, the leader of one of the factions among the Treviri, and firmly attached to Caesar, G. v. 3; declared a public enemy, and his goods confiscated by Indutiom[)a]rus, 56
Cing[)u]lum, a town of Pic[=e]num, in Italy,Cingoli
Cleopatra, engaged in a war with her brother Ptolemy, C. iii. 103
Clod[)i]us sent by Caesar to Scipio, to treat about a peace, but without effect, C. iii. 90
Cocas[=a]tes, a people of Gaul, according to some theBazadois
Caelius Rufus raises a sedition in Rome, C. iii. 20; is expelled that city, then joins with Milo, 21; he is killed, 22
C[)o]imbra, an ancient city of Portugal, once destroyed, but now rebuilt, on the riverMendego
Colchis, a country in Asia, near Pontus, including the presentMingreliaandGeorgia
Com[=a]na Pont[)i]ca, a city of Asia Minor,Com,or,Tabachzan
Com[=a]na of Cappadocia,Arminacha
Comius sent by Caesar into Britain to dispose the British states to submit, G. iv. 21; persuades the Bellov[)a]ci to furnish their contingent to the relief of Alesia, vii. 76; his distrust of the Romans, occasioned by an attempt to assassinate him, viii. 23; harasses the Romans greatly, and intercepts their convoys, 47; attacks Volusenus Quadratus, and runs him through the thigh, 48; submits to Antony, on condition of not appearing in the presence of any Roman,ibid.
Compsa, a city of Italy,Conza,orConsa
Concordia, an ancient city of the province ofTriuli,in Italy, now in ruins
Condr[=u]si, or Condr[=u]s[=o]nes, an ancient people of Belgium, dependent on the Treviri, whose country is now calledCondrotz, between Liege and Namur
Conetod[=u]nus heads the Carnutes in their revolt from the Romans, and the massacre at Genabum, G. vii. 3
Confluens Mosae et Rheni, the confluence of the Meuse and Rhine, or the point where the Meuse joins the Vahalis, or Waal, which little river branches out from the Rhine
Convictolit[=a]nis, a division on his account among the Aeduans, C. vii. 32; Caesar confirms his election to the supreme magistracy, 33; he persuades Litavicus and his brothers to rebel, 37
Corc[=y]ra, an island of Epirus,Corfu
Cord[)u]ba, a city of Hispania Baetica,Cordova;Caesar summons the leading men of the several states of Spain to attend him there, C. ii. 19; transactions of that assembly, 21
Corf[=i]n[)i]um, a town belonging to the Peligni, in Italy,St. Pelino,al.Penlina;Caesar lays siege to it, C. i. 16; and obliges it to surrender, 24
Corinth, a famous and rich city of Achaia, in Greece, in the middle of the Isthmus going into Peloponnesus
Corneli[=a]na Castra, a city of Africa, between Carthage and Utica
Correus, general of the Bellov[)a]ci, with six thousand foot, and a thousand horse, lies in ambush for the Roman foragers, and attacks the Roman cavalry with a small party, but is routed and killed, G. viii. 19
Cors[)i]ca, a considerable island in the Mediterranean Sea, nearSardinia, which still retains its name
Cosanum, a city of Calabria, in Italy,Cassano
Cotta, L. Aurunculeius, dissents from Sabinus in relation to the advice given them by Ambiorix, G. v. 28; his behaviour when attacked by the Gauls, 33; is slain, with the great part of his men, after a brave resistance, 37
Cotuatus and Conetodunus massacre all the Roman merchants at Genabum, G. vii. 3
Cotus, a division on his account among the Aeduans, G. vii. 32; obliged to desist from his pretensions to the supreme magistracy, 33
Crassus, P., his expedition into Aquitaine, G. iii. 20; reduces theSotiates, 22; and other states, obliging them to give hostages, 27
Crast[)i]nus, his character, and courage at the battle of Pharsalia, C. iii. 91; where he is killed, 99
Cr[)e]m[=o]na, an ancient city of Gallia Cisalpina, which retains its name to this day, and is the metropolis of theCremonese, in Italy
Crete, one of the noblest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, now calledCandia
Critognatus, his extraordinary speech and proposal to the garrison ofAlesia, G. vii. 77
Curio obliges Cato to abandon the defence of Cicily, C. i. 30; sails for Africa, and successfully attacks Varus, ii. 25; his speech to revive the courage of his men, 32; defeats Varus, 34; giving too easy credit to a piece of false intelligence, is cut off with his whole army, 42
Curiosol[=i]tae, a people of Gaul, inhabitingCornoualle,in Bretagne
Cycl[)a]des, islands in the Aegean Sea,L'Isole dell' Archipelago
Cyprus, an island in the Mediterranean Sea, between Syria and Cilicia,Cipro
Cyr[=e]ne, an ancient and once a fine city of Africa, situate over against Matapan, the most southern cape of Morea,Cairoan
Cyz[=i]cus, Atraki, formerly one of the largest cities of Asia Minor, in an island of the same name, in the Black Sea
Dacia, an ancient country of Scythia, beyond the Danube, containing part ofHungary, Transylvania, Walachia,andMoldavia
Dalm[=a]tia, a part of Illyricum, now calledSclavonia, lying betweenCroatia, Bosnia, Servia, and the Adriatic Gulf
D[=a]n[)u]b[)i]us, the largest river in Europe, which rises in the Black Forest, and after flowing through that country, Bavaria, Austria, Hungary, Servia, Bulgaria, Moldavia, and Bessarabia, receiving in its course a great number of noted rivers, some say sixty, and 120 minor streams, falls into the Black or Euxine Sea, in two arms
Dard[=a]nia, the ancient name of a country in Upper Moesia, which became afterwards a part of Dacia;Rascia, and part ofServia
Dec[=e]tia, a town in Gaul,Decise, on the Loire
Delphi, a city of Achaia,Delpho, al.Salona
Delta, a very considerable province of Egypt, at the mouth of the Nile,Errif
Diablintes, an ancient people of Gaul, inhabiting the country calledLe Perche; al.Diableres, in Bretagne; al.Lintesof Brabant; al.Lendoul, over against Britain
Divit[)i][)a]cus, the Aeduan, his attachment to the Romans and Caesar, G. i. 19; Caesar, for his sake, pardons his brother Dumnorix,ibid.; he complains to Caesar, in behalf of the rest of the Gauls, of the cruelty of Ariovistus, 31; marches against the Bellov[)a]ci create a diversion in favour of Caesar, ii. 10; intercedes for the Bellov[)a]ci, and obtains their pardon from Caesar, 14; goes to Rome to implore aid of the senate, but without effect, vi. 12
Domitius Ahenobarbus, besieged by Caesar in Corfinium, writes to Pompey for assistance, C. i. 15; seized by his own troops, who offer to deliver him up to Caesar, 20; Caesar's generous behaviour towards him, 23; he enters Marseilles, and is entrusted with the supreme command, 36; is defeated in a sea fight by Decimus Brutus, 58; escapes with great difficulty a little before the surrender of Marseilles, ii. 22
Domitius Calvinus, sent by Caesar into Macedonia, comes very opportunely to the relief of Cassius Longinus, C. iii. 34; gains several advantages over Scipio, 32
Drapes, in conjunction with Luterius, seizes Uxellodunum, G. viii. 30; his camp stormed, and himself made prisoner, 29; he starves himself, 44
Druids, priests so called, greatly esteemed in Gaul, and possessed of many valuable privileges, G. vi. 13
D[=u]bis, a river of Burgundy,Le Doux
Dumn[)a]cus besieges Duracius in Limonum, G. viii. 26; is defeated byFabius, 27
Dumn[)o]rix, the brother of Divitiacus, his character, G. i. 15; persuades the noblemen of Gaul not to go with Caesar into Britain, v. 5; deserts, and is killed for his obstinacy, 6
Duracius besieged in Limonum by Dumnacus, general of the Andes, G. viii. 26
Durocort[=o]rum, a city of Gaul,Rheims
D[)y]rrh[)a]ch[)i]um, a city of Macedonia,Durazzo, Drazzi; Caesar endeavours to enclose Pompey within his lines near that place, C. iii. 41
Ebur[=o]nes, an ancient people of Germany, inhabiting part of the country, now the bishopric ofLiege, and the county ofNamur. Caesar takes severe vengeance on them for their perfidy, G. vi. 34, 35
Eb[=u]r[)o]v[=i]ces, a people of Gaul, inhabiting the country ofEvreux, in Normandy; they massacre their senate, and join with Viridovix, G. iii. 17
Egypt, seeAegypt
El[=a]ver, a river of Gaul, theAllier
Eleut[=e]ti Cadurci, a branch of the Cadurci, in Aquitania. They are called in many editions Eleutheri Cadurci, but incorrectly, since Eleutheri is a term of Greek origin, and besides could hardly be applied to a Gallic tribe like the Eleuteti, who, in place of being free [Greek: eleutheroi], seem to have been clients of the Arverni; they furnish troops to the relief of Alesia, G. vii. 75
Elis, a city of Peloponnesus,Belvidere
Elus[=a]tes, an ancient people of Gaul, inhabiting the country ofEuse, in Gascony
Eph[)e]sus, an ancient and celebrated city of Asia Minor,Efeso; the temple of Diana there in danger of being stripped, G. iii. 32
Epidaurus, a maritime city of Dalmatia,Ragusa
Ep[=i]rus, a country in Greece, between Macedonia, Achaia, and theIonian Sea, by some now calledAlbania inferior
Eporedorix, treacherously revolts from Caesar, G. vii. 54
Essui, a people of Gaul; the word seems to be a corruption from Aedui,C. v. 24
Etesian winds detain Caesar at Alexandria, which involves him in a new war, C. iii. 107
Eusubii, corrupted fromUnelli, orLexovii, properly the people ofLisieux, in Normandy
Fabius, C., one of Caesar's lieutenants, sent into Spain, with three legions, C. i. 37; builds two bridges over the Segre for the convenience of foraging, 40
Fanum, a city of Umbria in Italy,Fano, C. i. 11
Fortune, her wonderful power and influence on matters of war, G. vi. 30
Faesulae,Fiesoli, an ancient city of Italy, in the duchy of Florence, anciently one of the twelve considerable cities of Etruria.
Flavum, anciently reckoned the eastern mouth of the Rhine, now called theUlie, and is a passage out of the Zuyder Sea into the North Sea
Gab[)a]li, an ancient people of Gaul, inhabiting the country ofGivaudan. Their chief city was Anduitum, nowMende, G. vii. 64; they join the general confederacy of Vercingetorix, and give hostages to Luterius, G. vii. 7
Gadit[=a]ni, the people of Gades, C. ii. 18
Gal[=a]tia, a country in Asia Minor, lying between Cappadocia, Pontus, and Paphlagonia, now calledChiangare
Galba Sergius, sent against the Nantuates, Veragrians, and Seduni, G. iii. 1; the barbarians attack his camp unexpectedly, but are repulsed with great loss, iii. 6
Galli, the Gauls, the people of ancient Gaul, nowFrance; their country preferable to that of the Germans, G. i. 31; their manner of attacking towns, ii.6; of greater stature than the Romans, 30; quick and hasty in their resolves, iii.8; forward in undertaking wars, but soon fainting under misfortunes, 19; their manners, chiefs, druids, discipline, cavalry, religion, origin, marriages, and funerals, vi.13; their country geographically described, i.1
Gall[=i]a, the ancient and renowned country of Gaul, nowFrance. It was divided by the Romans into—
Gallia Cisalpina, Tonsa, or Togata, nowLombardy, between the Alps and the river Rubicon: and—
Gallia Transalpina, or Com[=a]ta, comprehendingFrance, Holland, theNetherlands: and farther subdivided into—
Gallia Belg[)i]ca, now a part ofLower Germany, and theNetherlands, withPicardy; divided by Augustus into Belgica and Germania__ and the latter into Prima and Secunda
Gallia Celt[)i]ca, nowFranceproperly so called, divided by Augustus into Lugdun[=e]nsis, and Rothomagensis
Gallia Aquitan[)i]ca, nowGascony; divided by Augustus into Prima,Secunda, and Tertia: and—
Gallia Narbonensis, or Bracc[=a]ta, nowLanguedoc, Dauphiny, andProvence
Gallograecia, a country of Asia Minor, the same asGalatia
Gar[=i]tes, a people of Gaul, inhabiting the country now calledGavre,Gavaraan
Garoceli, or Graioc[)e]li, an ancient people of Gaul, aboutMount Genis, orMount Genevreothers place them in theVal de Gorienne; they oppose Caesar's passage over the Alps, G. i. 10
Garumna, theGaronne, one of the largest rivers of France, which, rising in the Pyrenees, flows through Guienne, forms the vast Bay of Garonne, and falls, by two mouths, into the British Seas. The Garonne is navigable as far asToulouse, and communicates with the Mediterranean by means of the great canal, G. i. 1
Garumni, an ancient people of Gaul, in the neighbourhood of theGaronne, G. iii. 27
Geld[=u]ra, a fortress of the Ubii, on the Rhine, not improbably the present village ofGelb, on that river eleven German miles from N[=e]us
Gen[)a]bum,Orleans, an ancient town in Gaul, famous for the massacre of the Roman citizens committed there by the Carn[=u]tes
Gen[=e]va, a city of Savoy, now a free republic, upon the borders of Helvetia, where the Rhone issues from the Lake Lemanus, anciently a city of the Allobr[)o]ges
Gen[=u]sus, a river of Macedonia, uncertain
Gerg[=o]via, the name of two cities in ancient Gaul, the one belonging to the Boii, the other to the Arverni. The latter was the only Gallic city which baffled the attacks of Caesar
Gerg[=o]via of the Averni, Vercingetorix expelled thence by Gobanitio, G. vii. 4; the Romans attacking it eagerly, are repulsed with great slaughter, 50
Gerg[=o]via of the Boii, besieged in vain by Vercingetorix, G. vii. 9
Germania,Germany, one of the largest countries of Europe, and the mother of those nations which, on the fall of the Roman empire, conquered all the rest. The name appears to be derived fromwer, war, andman, a man, and signifies the country of warlike men
Germans, habituated from their infancy to arms, G. i. 36; their manner of training their cavalry, 48; their superstition 50; defeated by Caesar, 53; their manners, religion, vi. 23; their huge stature and strength, G. i. 39
G[=e]tae, an ancient people of Scythia, who inhabited betwixt Moesia and Dacia, on each side of the Danube. Some think their country the same with the presentWalachia, orMoldavia
Getulia, a province in the kingdom of Morocco, in Barbary
Gomphi, a town in Thessaly,Gonfi, refusing to open its gates toCaesar, is stormed and taken, C. iii. 80
Gord[=u]ni, a people of Belgium, the ancient inhabitants ofGhent, according to others ofCourtray; they join with Ambiorix in his attack of Cicero's camp, G. v. 39
Got[=i]ni, an ancient people of Germany, who were driven out of their country by Maroboduus Graecia,Greece,a large part of Europe, called by the TurksRom[=e]lia,containing many countries, provinces, and islands, once the nursery of arts, learning, and sciences
Graioc[)e]li, seeGaroceli
Grudii, the inhabitants aboutLouvaine,or, according to some, aboutBruges;they join with Ambiorix in his attack of Cicero's camp, G. v. 39
Gugerni, a people of ancient Germany, who dwelt on the right banks of the Rhine, between the Ubii and the Batavi
Gutt[=o]nes, or Gyth[=o]nes, an ancient people of Germany, inhabiting about the Vistula
Haemus, a mountain dividing Moesia and Thrace,Argentaro
Haliacmon, a river of Macedonia, uncertain; Scipio leaves Favonius with orders to build a fort on that river, C. iii. 36
Har[=u]des, or Har[=u]di, a people of Gallia Celtica, supposed to have been originally Germans: and by some to have inhabited the country aboutConstanceHelv[=e]tia,Switzerland,now divided into thirteen cantons
Helv[=e]tii,the Helvetians, or Switzers,ancient inhabitants of the country ofSwitzerland;the most warlike people of Gaul, G. i. 1; their design of abandoning their own country, 2; attacked with considerable loss near the river Sa[^o]ne, 12; vanquished and obliged to return home by Caesar, 26
Helvii, an ancient people of Gaul, inhabiting the country now possessed by theVivarois;Caesar marches into their territories, G. vii. 7
Heracl[=e]a, a city of Thrace, on the Euxine Sea,Pantiro
Heracl[=e]a Sent[)i]ca, a town in Macedonia,Chesia
Hercynia Silva,the Hercinian Forest,the largest forest of ancient Germany, being reckoned by Caesar to have been sixty days' journey in length, and nine in breadth. Many parts of it have been since cut down, and many are yet remaining; of which, among others, is that called theBlack Forest;its prodigious extent, G. vi. 4
Hermand[=u]ri, an ancient people of Germany, particularly in the country now calledMisnia,in Upper Saxony; though they possessed a much larger tract of land, according to some, allBohemia
Hermin[)i]us Mons, a mountain ofLusitania, Monte Arm[)i]no;according to others,Monte della Strella
Her[)u]li, an ancient northern people, who came first out of Scandavia, but afterwards inhabited the country now calledMecklenburgin Lower Saxony, towards the Baltic
Hibernia,Ireland,a considerable island to the west of Great Britain,G. v. 13
Hisp[=a]n[)i]a, Spain, one of the most considerable kingdoms of Europe, divided by the ancients into Tarraconensis, Baetica, and Lusitania. This name appears to be derived from the PhoenicianSaphan,a rabbit, vast numbers of these animals being found there by the Phoenician colonists
Ib[=e]rus, a river of Hispania Tarraconensis, theEbro,C. i. 60
Iccius, or Itius Portus, a seaport town of ancient Gaul;Boulogne,or, according to others,Calais
Ig[)i]l[)i]um, an island in the Tuscan Sea,il Giglio, l'Isle du Lys
Ig[)u]v[)i]um, a city of Umbria in Italy,Gubio;it forsakes Pompey, and submits to Caesar, C. i. 12
Illurgavonenses, a people of Hispania Tarraconensis, near the Iberus; they submit to Caesar, and supply him with corn, C. i. 60
Illurgis, a town of Hispania Baetica,Illera
Induti[)o]m[)a]rus, at the head of a considerable faction among the Treviri, G. v. 3; endeavouring to make himself master of Labienus's camp, is repulsed and slain, 53
Is[)a]ra, theIs[`e]re,a river of France, which rises in Savoy, and falls into the Rhone above Valance
Isauria, a province anciently of Asia Minor, now a part ofCaramania,and subject to the Turks
Issa (an island of the Adriatic Sea,Lissa), revolts from Caesar at the instigation of Octavius, C. iii. 9
Ister, that part of the Danube which passed by Illyricum
Istr[)i]a, a country now in Italy, under the Venetians, bordering onIllyricum, so called from the river Ister
Istr[)o]p[)o]lis, a city of Lower Moesia, near the south entrance of theDanube,Prostraviza
It[)a]l[)i]a,Italy,one of the most famous countries in Europe, once the seat of the Roman empire, now under several princes, and free commonwealths
It[)a]l[)i]ca, a city of Hispania Baetica,Servila la Veja;according to others,Alcala del Rio;shuts its gates against Varro, C. ii. 20
Itius Portus, Caesar embarks there for Britain, G. v. 5
It[=u]raea, a country of Palestine,Sacar
Jacet[=a]ni, or Lacet[=a]ni, a people of Spain, near the PyreneanMountains; revolt from Afranius and submit to Caesar, C. i. 60
Jadert[=i]ni, a people so called from their capital Jadera, a city ofIllyricum,Zara
Juba, king of Numidia, strongly attached to Pompey, C. ii. 25; advances with a large army to the relief of Utica, 36; detaches a part of his troops to sustain Sabura, 40; defeats Cario, ii. 42; his cruelty, ii. 44
J[=u]ra, a mountain in Gallia Belgica, which separated the Sequani from the Helvetians, most of which is now calledMount St. Claude.The name appears to be derived from the Celtic,jou-rag,which signifies the "domain of God;" the boundary of the Helvetians towards the Sequani, G. i. 2
Labi[=e]nus, one of Caesar's lieutenants, is attacked in his camp, G. v. 58, vi. 6; his stratagem, G. vii. 60; battle with the Gauls, G. vii. 59; is solicited by Caesar's enemies to join their party, G. viii. 52; built the town of Cingulum, C. i. 15; swears to follow Pompey, C. iii. 13; his dispute with Valerius about a peace, C. iii. 19; his cruelty towards Caesar's followers, C. iii. 71; flatters Pompey, C. iii. 87
Lacus B[)e]n[=a]cus,Lago di Guardo,situated in the north of Italy, between Verona, Brescia, and Trent
Lacus Lem[)a]nus, the lake upon which Geneva stands, formed by the River Rhone, betweenSwitzerlandto the north, and Savoy to the south, commonly called theLake of Geneva, G. i. 2, 8
Larin[=a]tes, the people of Larinum, a city of Italy,Larino; C. i. 23
Larissa, the principal city of Thessaly, a province of Macedonia, on the river Peneo
L[)a]t[=i]ni, the inhabitants of Latium, an ancient part of Italy, whence the Latin tongue is so called
Lat[=o]br[)i]gi, a people of Gallia Belgica, between the Allobroges and Helvetii, in the country calledLausanne; abandon their country, G. i. 5; return, G. i. 28; their number, G. i. 29
Lemnos, an island in the Aegean Sea, now calledStalimane
Lemov[=i]ces, an ancient people of Gaul,le Limosin, G. vii. 4
Lemov[=i]ces Armorici, the people ofSt. Paul de Leon
Lenium, a town in Lusitania, unknown
Lent[)u]lus Marcellinus, the quaestor, one of Caesar's followers, C. iii. 62
Lentulus and Marcellus, the consuls, Caesar's enemies, G. viii. 50; leave Rome through fear of Caesar, C. i. 14
Lenunc[)u]li, fishing-boats, C. ii. 43
Lepontii, a people of the Alps, near the valley ofLeventini, G. iv. 10
Leuci, a people of Gallia Belgica, where now Lorrain is, well skilled in darting. Their chief city is now calledToul, G. i. 40
Lev[)a]ci, a people of Brabant, not far from Louvain, whose chief town is now calledLeew; dependants on the Nervii, G. v. 39
Lex, law of the Aedui respecting the election of magistrates, G. vii. 33
Lex, Julian law, C. ii. 14
Lex, the Pompeian law respecting bribery, C. iii. 1
Lex, two Caelian laws, C. iii. 20, 21
Lexovii, an ancient people of Gaul,Lisieuxin Normandy, G. iii. 11, 17
Liberty of the Gauls, G. iii. 8; the desire of, G. v. 27; the sweetness of, G. iii. 10; the incitement to, G. vii. 76; C. i. 47
Libo, praefect of Pompey's fleet, C. iii. 5; converses with Caesar atOricum, C. iii. 16; takes possession of the Island at Brundisium, C.iii. 23; threatens the partisans of Caesar, C. iii. 24; withdraws fromBrundisium,ibid.
Liburni, an ancient people of Illyricum, inhabiting part of the presentCroatia
Liger, or Ligeris, theLoire; one of the greatest and most celebrated rivers of France, said to receive one hundred and twelve rivers in its course; it rises in Velay, and falls into the Bay of Aquitain, below Nantz, G. iii. 5
Lig[)u]ria, a part of ancient Italy, extending from the Apennines to theTuscan Sea, containingFerrara, and the territories ofGenoa
Limo, or Lim[=o]num, a city of ancient Gaul,Poitiers
Ling[)o]nes, a people of Gallia Belgica, inhabiting in and aboutLangres, in Champagne, G. i. 26, 40
Liscus, one of the Aedui, accuses Dumnorix to Caesar, G. i. 16, 17
Lissus, an ancient city of Macedonia,Alessio
Litavicus, one of the Aedui, G. vii. 37; his treachery and flight, G. vii. 38
Lucani, an ancient people of Italy, inhabiting the country now calledBasilicate
Luceria, an ancient city of Italy,Lucera
Lucretius Vespillo, one of Pompey's followers, C. iii. 7
Lucterius or Laterius, one of the Cadurci, vii. 5, 7
Lusit[=a]nia,Portugal, a kingdom on the west of Spain, formerly a part of it
Lusitanians, light-armed troops, C. i. 48
Lutetia,Paris, an ancient and famous city, now the capital of allFrance, on the riverSeine
Lygii, an ancient people of Upper Germany, who inhabited the country now calledSilesia, and on the borders ofPoland
M[)a]c[)e]d[=o]nia, a large country, of great antiquity and fame, containing several provinces, now under the Turks
Macedonian cavalry among Pompey's troops, C. iii. 4
Mae[=o]tis Palus, a vast lake in the north part of Scythia, now calledMarbianco, orMare della Tana. It is about six hundred miles in compass, and the river Tanais disembogues itself into it
Maget[)o]br[)i]a, or Amagetobria, a city of Gaul, near which Ariovistus defeated the combined forces of the Gauls. It is supposed to correspond to the modernMoigte de Broie, near the village ofPontailler
Mandub[)i]i, an ancient people of Gaul,l'Anxois, in Burgundy; their famine and misery, G. vii. 78
Mandubratius, a Briton, G. v. 20
Marcellus, Caesar's enemy, G. viii 53
Marcius Crispus, is sent for a protection to the inhabitants of Thabena
Marcomanni, a nation of the Suevi, whom Cluverius places between theRhine, the Danube and the Neckar; who settled, however, underMaroboduus, inBohemiaandMoravia. The name Marcomanni signifiesborder-men. Germans, G. i. 51
Marruc[=i]ni, an ancient people of Italy, inhabiting the country now calledAbruzzo, C. i. 23; ii. 34
Mars, G. vi. 17
Marsi, an ancient people of Italy inhabiting the country now calledDucato de Marsi, C. ii. 27
Massilia,Marseilles, a large and flourishing city of Provence, inFrance, on the Mediterranean, said to be very ancient, and, according tosome, built by the Phoenicians, but as Justin will have it, by thePhocaeans, in the time of Tarquinius, king of Rome
Massilienses, the inhabitants of Marseilles, C. i. 34-36
Matisco, an ancient city of Gaul,Mascon, G. vii. 90
Matr[)o]na, a river in Gaul, theMarne, G. i. 1
Mauritania,Barbary, an extensive region of Africa, divided into M.Caesariensis, Tingitana, and Sitofensis
Mediomatr[=i]ces, a people of Lorrain, on the Moselle, about the city ofMentz, G. iv. 10
Mediterranean Sea, the first discovered sea in the world, still very famous, and much frequented, which breaks in from the Atlantic Ocean, between Spain and Africa, by the straits of Gibraltar, or Hercules' Pillar, thene plus ultraof the ancients
Meldae, according to some the people ofMeaux; but more probably corrupted fromBelgae
Melodunum, an ancient city of Gaul, upon the Seine, above Paris,Melun, G. vii. 58, 60
Menapii, an ancient people of Gallia Belgica, who inhabited on both sides of the Rhine. Some take them for the inhabitants ofCleves, and others ofAntwerp, Ghent, etc., G. ii. 4; iii. 9
Menedemus, C. iii. 34
Mercurius, G. v. 17
Mes[)o]p[)o]t[=a]mia, a large country in the middle of Asia, between theTigris and the Euphrates,Diarbeck
Mess[=a]na, an ancient and celebrated city of Sicily, still known by the name ofMessina, C. iii. 101
M[)e]taurus, a river of Umbria, now calledMetoro, in the duchy ofUrbino
Metios[=e]dum, an ancient city of Gaul, on the Seine, below Paris,Corbeil, G. vii. 61
Metr[)o]p[)o]lis, a city of Thessaly, between Pharsalus and Gomphi, C. iii. 11
Milo, C. iii. 21
Minerva, G. vi. 12
Minutius Rufus, C. iii. 7
Mitylene, a city of Lesbos,Metelin
Moesia, a country of Europe, and a province of the ancient Illyricum, bordering on Pannonia, divided into the Upper, containingBosniaandServia, and the Lower, calledBulgaria
Mona, in Caesar, the Isle ofMan; in Ptolemy,Anglesey, G. v. 13
Mor[)i]ni, an ancient people of the Low Countries, who probably inhabited on the present coast ofBologne, on the confines ofPicardyandArtois, because Caesar observes that from their country was the nearest passage to Britain, G. ii. 4
Moritasgus, G. v. 54
Mosa, theMaess, orMeuse, a large river of Gallia Belgica, which falls into the German Ocean below the Briel, G. iv. 10
Mosella, theMoselle, a river which, running through Lorrain, passes by Triers and falls unto the Rhine at Coblentz, famous for the vines growing in the neighbourhood of it
Mysia, a country of Asia Minor, not far from the Hellespont, dividedInto Major and Minor
Nabathaei, an ancient people of Arabia, uncertain
Nann[=e]tes, an ancient people of Gaul, inhabiting the country aboutNantes, G. iii. 9
Nantu[=a]tes, an ancient people of the north part of Savoy, whose country is now calledLe Chablais, G. iii. 1
Narbo,Narbonne, an ancient Roman city in Languedoc, in France, said to be built a hundred and thirty-eight years before the birth of Christ, G. iii. 20
Narisci, the ancient people of the country now calledNortgow, inGermany, the capital of which is the famous city of Nuremburg
Nasua, the brother of Cimberius, and commander of the hundred cantons of the Suevi, who encamped on the banks of the Rhine with the intention of crossing that river, G. i. 37
Naupactus, an ancient and considerable city of Aetolia, now calledLepanto, C. iii. 35
Nem[=e]tes, a people of ancient Germany, about the city of Spire, on theRhine, G. i. 51
Nemetocenna, a town of Belgium, not known for certain; according to some,Arras, G. viii, 47
Neocaesarea, the capital of Ponts, on the river Licus, now calledTocat
Nervii, an ancient people ofGallia Belgica, thought to have dwelt in the now diocese ofCambray. They attacked Caesar on his march, and fought until they were almost annihilated, G. ii. 17
Nessus, or Nestus, a river is Thrace,NestoNicaea, a city of Bithynia, now calledIsnick, famous for the first general council, anno 324, against Arianism
Nit[=o]br[)i]ges, an ancient people of Gaul, whose territory lay on either side of the Garonne, and corresponded to the modern Agennois, in the department of Lot-et-Garonne. Their capital was Agrimum, nowAgen, G. vii. 7, 31, 46, 75
Noreia, a city on the borders of Illyricum, in the province of Styria, near the modern village of Newmarket, about nine German miles from Aquileia, G. i. 5
N[=o]r[)i]cae Alpes, that part of the Alps which were in, or bordering upon, Noricum
N[=o]r[)i]cum, anciently a large country, and now comprehending a great part ofAustria, Styria, Carinthia, part ofTyrol, Bavaria, etc., and divided into Noricum Mediterraneum and Ripense. It was first conquered by the Romans under Tiberius, in the reign of Augustus, and was celebrated for its mineral treasures, especially iron
N[)o]v[)i][)o]d[=u]num Belgarum, an ancient city of Belgic Gaul, now calledNoyon
N[)o]v[)i][)o]d[=u]num Bitur[)i]gum,Neuvy, orNeufvy, G. vii. 12
N[)o]v[)i][)o]d[=u]num Aeduorum,Nevers, G. vii. 55
N[)o]v[)i][)o]d[=u]num Suessionum,Soissons, al. Noyon, G. ii. 12
N[)o]v[)i]om[=a]gum,Spire, an ancient city of Germany, in the now upper circle of the Rhine, and on that river
Numantia, a celebrated city of ancient Spain, famous for a gallant resistance against the Romans, in a siege of fourteen years;Almasan
Numeius, G. i. 7
Num[)i]dae, the inhabitants of, G. ii. 7
Numid[)i]a, an ancient and celebrated kingdom of Africa, bordering onMauritania;Algiers, Tunis, Tripoli, etc.
N[=y]mphaeum, a promontory of Illyricum, exposed to the south wind, and distant about three miles from Lissus,Alessio, C. iii. 26
Oc[)e]lum, a town situated among the Cottian Alps, Usseau in Piedmont,G. i. 10
Octavius, C. iii. 9
Octod[=u]rus, a town belonging to the Veragrians, among the PennineAlps, nowMartignyin the Valois, G. iii. 1 Octog[=e]sa, a city ofHispania Tarraconensis,Mequinenza, C. i. 61
Ollovico, G. vii. 31
Orch[)o]m[)e]nus, a town in Boeotia,Orcomeno, C. iii. 5 5
Orcynia, the name given by Greek writers to the Hercynian forest
Orget[=o]rix, G. i. 2, 3
Or[)i]cum, a town in Epirus,Orco, or Orcha, C. iii. 11, 12
Osc[=e]nses, the people of Osca, a town in Hispania Tarraconensis, nowHuescar, C. i. 60
Os[=i]sm[)i]i, an ancient people of Gaul, one of the Gentes Armoricae.Their country occupied part of Neodron Brittany; capital Vorganium,afterwards Osismii, and nowKorbez. In this territory also stoodBrivatas Portus, nowBrest, G. i. 34
Otacilii, C. iii. 28
Padua, thePo, the largest river in Italy, which rises in Piedmont, and dividing Lombardy into two parts, falls into the Adriatic Sea, by many mouths; south of Venice
Paem[=a]ni, an ancient people of Gallia Belgica; according to some, those ofLuxemburg; according to others, the people ofPemont, near the Black Forest, in part of the modernLugen, G. ii. 4
P[)a]laeste, a town in Epirus, near Oricurn
Pann[=o]n[)i]a, a very large country in the ancient division of Europe, divided into the Upper and Lower, and comprehended betwixt Illyricum, the Danube, and the mountains Cethi
P[)a]ris[)i]i, an ancient people of Gaul, inhabiting the country now called theIsle of France. Their capital was Lutetia, afterwards Parisii, nowParis, G. vi. 3
P[=a]rth[)i]a, a country in Asia, lying between Media, Caramania, and the Hyreanian Sea
Parthians at war with Rome, C. iii. 31
P[=a]rth[=i]ni, a people of Macedonia; their chief city taken by storm,C. iii. 41
P[=e]l[=i]gni, a people of Italy in Abruzzo, C. i. 15
P[)e]l[)o]ponn[=e]sus, theMorea, a famous, large, and fruitful peninsula of Greece, now belonging to the Venetians
P[=e]l[=u]s[)i]um, an ancient and celebrated city of Egypt,Belbais;Pompey goes to it, C. iii. 103; taken by Mithridates
P[=e]rg[)a]mus, an ancient and famous city of Mysia,Pergamo
Per[)i]nthus, a city of Thrace, about a day's journey west ofConstantinople, now in a decaying condition, and calledHeraclea
P[=e]rs[)i]a, one of the largest, most ancient and celebrated kingdoms of Asia
P[=e]tra, an ancient city of Macedonia, uncertain
Petreius, one of Pompey's lieutenants, C. i. 38
P[=e]tr[)o]g[)o]r[)i]i, a country in Gaul, east of the mouth of the Garumna; their chief city was Vesuna, afterwards Petrocorii, nowPerigueux, the capital of Perigord
Pe[=u]c[=i]ni, the inhabitants of the islands of Peuce, in one of the mouths of the Danube
Ph[=a]rs[=a]l[)i]a, a part of Thessaly, famous for the battle betweenCaesar and Pompey, which decided the fate of the Roman commonwealth
Pharus, an isle facing the port of Alexandria in ancient Egypt;Farion
Phasis, a large river in Colchis, now calledFasso, which flows into the Euxine Sea
Ph[)i]lippi, a city of Macedonia, on the confines of Thrace,Filippo
Ph[)i]l[=i]pp[)o]p[)o]lis, a city of Thrace, near the river Hebrus,Filippopoli
Phr[)y]g[)i]a, two countries in Asia Minor, one called Major, the otherMinor
P[=i]c[=e]num, an ancient district of Italy, lying eastward of Umbria;the March of Ancona; according to others,Piscara
P[=i]cti,Picts, an ancient barbarous northern people, who by inter-marriages became, in course of time, one nation with the Scots; but are originally supposed to have come out of Denmark or Scythia, to the Isles of Orkney, and from thence into Scotland
P[=i]ct[)o]nes, an ancient people of Gaul, along the southern bank of the Liger, or Loire. Their capital was Limonum, afterwards Pictones, nowPaitross, in the departmentde la Vienne, G. iii. 11
Pir[=u]stae, an ancient people of Dalmatia, Illyricum, on the confines of Pannonia. They are the same as the Pyraci of Pliny (H. N. iii. 22), G. v. i
P[)i]saurum, a city of Umbria in Italy,Pisaro
Piso, an Aquitanian, slain, G. iv. 12
Placentia, an ancient city of Gallia Cisalpina, near the Po, now the metropolis of the duchy ofPiacenza, which name it also bears
Pleum[)o]si, an ancient people of Gallia Belgica, subject to theNervians, and inhabiting nearTournay
Pompey, at first friendly to Caesar, G. vi. 1; subsequently estranged, G. viii. 53; could not bear an equal his authority, power, and influence, C. i. 61; sends ambassadors to Caesar, C. i. 8, 10; always received great respect from Caesar, C. i. 8; Caesar desires to bring him to an engagement, C. iii. 66; his unfortunate flight, C. iii. 15, 94, 102; his death, C. iii. 6, 7.
Pomponius, C. iii. 101
Pontus Eux[=i]nus, theEuxine,orBlack Sea, from the Aegean along the Hellespont, to the Maeotic Lake, between Europe and Asia
Posth[)u]m[)i][=a]na Castra, an ancient town in Hispania Baetica, now calledCastro el Rio
Pothinus, king Ptolemy's tutor, C. iii. 108; his death, C. iii. 112
Praeciani, an ancient people of Gaul,Precius; they surrendered to theRomans, G. iii. 27
Provincia Rom[=a]na, or Romanorum, one of the southern provinces of France, the first the Romans conquered and brought into the form of a province, whence it obtained its name; which it still in some degree retains, being called at this dayProvence. It extended from the Pyrenees to the Alps, along the coast.Provenceis only part of the ancient Provincia, which in its full extent included the departments of Pyr['e]n['e]es-Orientales, l'Arri[`e]ge, Aude[**Note: misprint "Ande" in the original], Haute Garonne, Tarn, Herault, Gard, Vaucluse, Bouches-du- Rh[^o]ne, Var, Basses-Alpes, Hautes-Alpes, La Dr[^o]me, l'Is[`e]re, l'Ain
Prusa, or Prusas,Bursa, a city of Bithynia, at the foot of Olympus, built by Hannibal
Ptolemaeius, Caesar interferes between him and Cleopatra, C. iii. 107; his father's will, C. iii. 108; Caesar takes the royal youth into his power, C. iii. 109
Pt[)o]l[)e]m[=a]is, an ancient city of Africa,St. Jean d'Acre
Publius Attius Varus, one of Pompey's generals, C. ii. 23 Pyrenaei Montes, thePyrenees, orPyrenean mountains, one of the largest chains of mountains in Europe, which divide Spain from France, running from east to west eighty-five leagues in length. The name is derived from theCeltic PyrenorPyrn, a high mountain, hence also Brenner, in the Tyrol
Ravenna, a very ancient city of Italy, near the coast of the Adriatic Gulf, which still retains its ancient name. In the decline of the Roman empire, it was sometimes the seat of the emperors of the West; as it was likewise of the Visi-Gothic kingdom, C. i. 5
Raur[=a]ci, a people of ancient Germany, near the Helvetii, who inhabited near whereBaslein Switzerland now is; they unite with the Helvetii, and leave home, G. i. 5, 29
Rebilus, one of Caesar's lieutenants, a man of great military experience, C. ii. 34
Remi, the people ofRheims, a very ancient, fine, and populous city ofFrance, in the province of Champagne, on the river Vesle; surrender toCaesar, G. ii. 3; their influence and power with Caesar, G. v. 54; vi.64; they fall into an ambuscade of the Bellovaci, G. viii. 12
Rh[-e][)d]ones, an ancient people of Gaul inhabiting aboutRennes,inBretagne; they surrender to the Romans, G. ii. 34
Rhaetia, the country of theGrisons,on the Alps, near the HercynianForest
Rhenus, theRhine,a large and famous river in Germany, which it formerly divided from Gaul. It springs out of the Rhaetian Alps, in the western borders of Switzerland, and the northern of the Grisons, from two springs which unite near Coire, and falls into the Meuse and the German Ocean, by two mouths, whence Virgil calls it Rhenus bicornis. It passes through Lacus Brigantinus, or the Lake of Constance, and Lacus Acronius or the Lake of Zell, and then continues its westerly direction to Basle (Basiliae). It then bends northward, and separates Germany from France, and further down Germany from Belgium. At Schenk the Rhine sends off its left-hand branch, the Vahalis (Waal), by a western course to join the Mosa or Meuse. The Rhine then flows on a few miles, and again separates into two branches—the one to the right called the Flevo, or Felvus, or Flevum—now the Yssel, and the other called the Helium, now theLeek. The latter joins the Mosa above Rotterdam. The Yssel was first connected with the Rhine by the canal of Drusus. It passed through the small lake of Flevo before reaching the sea which became expanded into what is now called the Zuyder Zee by increase of water through the Yssel from the Rhine. The whole course of the Rhine is nine hundred miles, of which six hundred and thirty are navigable from Basle to the sea.—G. iv. 10, 16, 17; vi. 9, etc.; description of it, G. iv. 10
Rh[)o]d[)a]nus, theRhone, one of the most celebrated rivers of France, which rises from a double spring in Mont de la Fourche, a part of the Alps, on the borders of Switzerland, near the springs of the Rhine. It passes through the Lacus Lemanus, Lake of Geneva, and flows with a swift and rapid current in a southern direction into the Sinus Gallicus, or Gulf of Lyons. Its whole course is about four hundred miles
Rhod[)o]pe, a famous mountain of Thrace, now calledValiza
Rh[)o]dus, Rhodes, a celebrated island in the Mediterranean, upon the coast of Asia Minor, over against Caria
Rhynd[)a]gus, a river of Mysia in Asia, which falls into the Propontis
R[)o]ma,Rome, once the seat of the Roman empire, and the capital of the then known world, now the immediate capital of Camagna di Roma only, on the river Tiber, and the papal seat; generally supposed to have been built by Romulus, in the first year of the seventh Olympiad, B.C. 753