Chapter 3

Coombe[koom],Wm.1741–1823. A voluminous satirical and humorous writer, best known by his poem Dr. Syntax.Pub. Rou.Cooper, Anthony Ashley.3d Earl of Shaftesbury. 1671–1713. Ethical writer. Author of Characteristics of Men, etc.Copleston[kop´ȇl-stȏn],Edward.1776–1849. Bp. Llandaff. Theological writer.Corbet, Richard.1562–1635. Bp. Norwich. Poet of indifferent merit.Cornwall, Barry. See Procter, B. W.Coryat, Thomas.1577–1617. Writer of travels. Best known by Coryat's Crudities, entertaining, but full of affectations.Costello, Dudley.1803–1865. Novelist. Author Stories from a Screen, Faint Heart Never Won Fair Lady, The Millionaire, etc.Costello, Louisa Stuart.1815–1870. Novelist and writer of travels. Sister to D. C. Author of The Queen Mother, the Rose Garden of Persia, etc.Cottle, Joseph.1770–1853. Poet. Best known, however, by his Reminiscences of Coleridge and Southey.Cotton, Charles.1630–1687. Poet and translator of Montaigne.Cotton, Nathaniel.1721–1788. Poet. Author Visions in Verse, Miscellanies.Cotton, Sir Robert.1570–1631. Antiquary and historical collector.Coverdale, Miles.1487–1568. Bp. Exeter. Translator, with Tyndale, of the Bible. The first translation of the whole Bible was by C., and appeared in 1635.Cowley, Abraham.1618–1667. Poet and essayist. His popularity, once great, is now slight. His verse is ingenious, but contains little poetic feeling. His most pretentious poem is The Davideis.See Aikin's edition, 3 vols., 1802.Cowper[koo´per or kow´per],Wm.1731–1800. Poet. His verse is mainly religious or didactic, but his humorous ballad of John Gilpin is widely famous. He was the author of many beautiful and well-known hymns, of a long poem, The Task, and the exquisite Lines on My Mother's Picture. Style quiet and meditative.The best edition of C. is that by Southey, with biography, 1838.See Cowper, by Goldwin Smith, in Eng. Men of Letters.Cox, Sir George W.1827 ——. Historian. Author Hist. of Greece, Mythology of the Aryan Nations, Tales of Ancient Greece, etc.Pub. Apl. Har. Ho.Coxe, Wm.1744–1828. Historian. Author Hist. House of Austria, Kings of Spain, Memoirs of Duke of Marlborough, etc. A standard writer.Pub. Apl.Crabbe, George.1754–1832. Poet. Writer of realistic, matter-of-fact narrative poems: The Village, The Parish Register, etc.See complete edition of 1834, 8 vols., with Life.See Atlantic Monthly, May, 1880, "A Neglected Poet."Crabbe, George.1778–1834. Philologist. Author of Hist. Eng. Law and a noted work on Eng. Synonyms.Pub. Har.Craig-Knox, Mrs. Isa.1831 ——. Scotch poet. Author Ode to Burns, Duchess Agnes, etc.Pub. Cas.Craik, Mrs. Dinah Maria Mulock.1826 ——. Novelist and poet. Author of quiet, helpful, earnest stories, among which John Halifax, Gentleman, is the most noted. Others are, A Brave Lady, A Noble Life, A Woman's Kingdom, Mistress and Maid, etc. Philip My King and Douglas are two of her finest poems.Pub. Har. Hou. Mac.Craik, George Lillie.1799–1866. Historian. Author of a valuable Hist. Eng. Lit., The English of Shakespeare, Bacon and his Philosophy, etc.See Rolfe's Craik's English of Shakespeare.Pub. Scr.Cranmer, Thos.1489–1555. Abp. Canterbury. Theologian.See Archdeacon Todd's Life of, 1831.Crashaw[crăsh´aw],Richard.c. 1620–1650. Poet. Author of Steps to the Temple, etc. His verse is fanciful and mystical, but always melodious.See Turnbull's complete edition of London, 1858.See G. MacDonald's England's Antiphon and Cornhill Mag., April, 1883.Creasy, Sir Edward Shepherd.1812–1878. Historian. Author Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World, Hist. Ottoman Turks, Hist. of England.Pub. Ho. Har.Croker, John Wilson.1780–1857. Essayist and historical writer. Style caustic and vigorous.See H. Martineau's Biographical Sketches.Croker, Thos. Crofton.1798–1854. Irish novelist. Author of romances and fairy tales, the latter of great beauty.Croly, George.1780–1860. Irish poet. Author Angel of the World, Catiline, etc. His verse has a showy, tinsel brilliancy.Pub. Har. Rou.Cruden[kroo´den],Alexander.1701–1770. Scotch theologian. Famous as the author of the well-known Concordance to the Bible.Pub. Lip. Ran. Wh.Cudlip, Mrs. Annie Pender, "Annie Thomas." 18— ——. Novelist. Author Denis Donne, A Passion in Tatters, Playing for High Stakes, etc.Pub. Har.Cudworth, Ralph.1617–1688. Philosopher. His True Intellectual System ranks among Eng. prose classics.See edition 1845, 3 vols.Cumberland, Richard.1632–1718. Bp. Peterborough. Philosophical writer.Cumberland, Richard.1732–1811. Great-grandson to preceding. Poet and dramatist. Wrote The West Indian, Wheel of Fortune, and other rather sentimental comedies.See edition of his dramas, by Jansen, 1813.Cumming, John.1810–1881. Scotch theologian and popular London preacher. Author Apocalyptic Sketches, Fall of Babylon Foreshadowed, etc.Cunningham, Allan. 1785–1842. Scotch poet and critic. C. wrote many spirited songs, among which A Wet Sheet and a Flowing Sea is best known. Author Hist. British Painters, Life of Wilkie, etc.See Poems and Songs of, edited by Peter Cunningham, 1847.Pub. Har.Cunningham, John.1729–1773. Irish lyrical poet.Cunningham, John Wm.1780–1861. Poet.Cunningham, Peter.1816–1869. Son to A. C. Antiquary. Author Handbook of London, Modern London, Memoir of J. M. W. Turner, etc.Dalrymple, Sir David.1726–1792. Scotch historian. Author Annals of Scotland, etc.Dalrymple, John Hamilton.1726–1810. Scotch historian. Author Memoirs of Great Britain.Daniel, Samuel.1562–1619. Poet and historian. D. wrote a Hist. of the Civil Wars in 8-line stanzas, also a prose Hist. of England.See Campbell's Specimens of Eng. Poets.D'Arblay, Madame,néeFrances Burney.1752–1840. Novelist. Author Evelina, Cecilia, Camilla, etc.See her Diary, pub. 1846; also Contemporary Rev., Dec., 1882.Pub. Har. Rob.Darwin, Chas. Robert.1809–1882. Naturalist. The most notable scientist of the age, and the originator of the Evolution Theory. He had a clear, well-balanced mind, and his statements are based on careful observation and reflection. Origin of Species, Variation under Domestication, Expression of Emotion in Man and Animals, Descent of Man, Insectivorous Plants, and Movements in Plants are his chief works.See Atlantic Monthly, June, 1882; Century Mag., Jan., 1883.Pub. Apl.Darwin, Erasmus.1731–1802. Grandfather to C. D. Poet and physician. Author of The Botanic Garden, a hard, metallic poem of a scientific cast, polished and elaborated to excess.See Miss Seward's Memoirs of; Craik's Eng. Lit., vol. 2; Krause's Life of.Davenant, Sir Wm.1605–1688. Dramatist. D. wrote 25 comedies and tragedies, and the long and feeble heroic poem Gondibert.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 2.Davies, Sir John.1570–1626. Poet. Author of Nosce Teipsum, a poem on the immortality of the soul, of great power and beauty, and a poetical treatise on dancing, entitled Orchestra.See Grosart's complete edition, 1876.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.Davy, Sir Humphrey.1778–1829. Chemist. Author Researches Chemical and Philosophical, Elements of Chemical Philosophy, Consolations of Travel, etc.See Life and Works of, by John Davy, 9 vols., London, 1840.Pub. Rob.Day, Thomas.1748–1789. Author of the famous juvenile tale Sandford and Merton.Pub. Har. Hou. Rob.Defoe, Daniel.1661–1731. Political writer and novelist. His stories form the link connecting the tales and romances of the 17th cent. with the novel of the 18th. Moll Flanders, Capt. Singleton, and Robinson Crusoe are among his chief works. Style lively, rapid, and realistic.See Oxford edition, 20 vols., 1840.See Life, by Lee, 3 vols.; also, Defoe, by Wm. Minto, in Eng. Men of Letters.Dekker, Thomas.c. 1570–1641. Dramatist. Author Satiriomastix, etc. D. wrote mainly with other dramatists, but so far as his separate work can be traced, it shows tenderness and pathos.See Eng. edition of Dekker, 1873.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 2.De la Rame[deh-lä-rä-mā´],Louisa, "Ouida." 1840 ——. Novelist. Author of Strathmore, Moths, Bebée, Wanda, etc. An entertaining, sprightly writer, of much genius, whose works are of a doubtful moral tendency.Pub. Lip.De Morgan, Augustus.1806–1871. Mathematician. Author Essays on Probabilities, Formal Logic, Paradoxes and Problems, etc.Denham, Sir John.1615–1668. Poet. His poem Cooper's Hill shows fine descriptive powers.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 2.Dennis, John.1657–1734. Dramatist and critic. Author of A Plot and No Plot, Appius and Virginia,The Usefulness of the Stage, The Grounds of Criticism, etc.De Quincey, Thomas.1785–1859. Critic and essayist. A great master of Eng. prose. He possessed great acuteness and fine descriptive powers, but lacked creative ability. Confessions of an Opium-Eater and Murder Considered as one of the Fine Arts are two of the best examples of his style.See Page's Life of, 1877; Biographical Sketches by H. Martineau.Pub. Hou.Derby, Earl of.See Stanley, Edward G. S.De Redcliffe, Lord Stratford.1788–1880. Poet and theologian.De Vere, Sir Aubrey.1788–1846. Irish poet. Author Julian the Apostate, etc.De Vere, Aubrey Thos.1814 ——. Irish poet. Son to preceding. Author May Carols, Irish Odes, The Sisters, etc. His verse is pleasing, and possesses merit.De Vere, Edward.Earl of Oxford. 1545–1604. Poet.Dibdin, Charles.1745–1814. Poet and miscellaneous writer. Author of a complete Hist. of the Eng. Stage, but best known by his naval songs, over 1200 in number.For the latter, see Hogarth's edition, 1843.Dibdin, Thos.1771–1841. Son to C. D. A prolific song-writer and playwright. Author of a Metrical Hist. of England, etc.Dibdin, Thos. Frognall.1776–1847. Bibliographer. Neph. to C. D. Author Bibliomania, Typographical Antiquities of Gt. Britain, Bibliographical Decameron, etc.Dicey, Edward Stephen.1832 ——. Journalist. Author Memoir of Cavour, Rome in 1860, The Schleswig-Holstein War, etc.Dick, Thomas.1772–1857. Scotch writer. The Christian Philosopher is his best known work.Pub. Har. Clx. Phi.Dickens, Charles.1812–1870. Novelist. Author of some 30 novels and tales, all bearing marks of genius and originality. He is widely read and admired, and his novels delight readers of all ages. His principal faults consist in elaborating and dwelling on the grotesque and unattractive side of humanity, and in overstraining the pathetic portions of his novels. Pickwick Papers, Nicholas Nickleby, Tale of Two Cities, David Copperfield, Oliver Twist, and the Christmas Carol are among the best of his works.See Fields's Yesterdays with Authors, and Lives by Forster and Mackenzie.Pub. Apt. Est. Har. Hou. Le. Lip. Lit. Pet. Por. Rou. Os.Digby, Sir Kenelm.1603–1665. Philosophical writer.Digby, Kenelm Henry.1800 ——. Archæologist. Author Mores Catholici, The Broad Stone of Honor, etc. An industrious and careful writer.Dilke, Chas. Wentworth.1789–1864. Critical writer of note.Dilke, Sir Chas. Wentworth.1843 ——. Grandson to preceding. Traveler and political writer. Author Greater Britain, The Fall of Prince Florestan of Monaco, etc.Pub. Har. Lip. Mac.Dillon, Wentworth.Earl of Roscommon. 1633–1684. Poet. Essay on Translated Verse is his chief work. Style elegant and cold.Disraeli[diz-rā´el-ee],Benj.1805–1881. Novelist and statesman. Son to I. D. A talented and successful writer, possessed of great energy and strength of will. In his novels the leading peopleof his time are satirized. Vivian Gray, his first novel, and Endymion, his last, appeared fifty-five years apart. Others are Contarini Fleming, Henrietta Temple, Coningsby, Venetia, Tancred, and Lothair, all brilliant and showy productions.Pub. Apl. Har.Disraeli, Isaac.1766–1848. An industrious writer of miscellaneous works, the best known being Curiosities of Lit., Calamities of Authors, Quarrels of Authors, etc.See edition of, by his son, 1850.Pub. Arm. Har. Rou.Dixon, Wm. Hepworth.1821–1879. Historian and biographer. Author Personal Hist. of Lord Bacon, New America, Hist. of Two Queens, Her Majesty's Tower, etc.Pub. Har. Lip.Dobell[dŏ-bell´],Sydney.1824–1874. Poet. A writer who has an honorable place among modern minor poets. Author of The Roman, Balder, etc.See Stedman's Victorian Poets; Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 4.See complete English edition, 1875; also, Life and Letters of, London, 1879.Dobson, Austin.1840 ——. Poet and critic. Author Vignettes in Rhyme, Proverbs in Porcelain, etc. An exceedingly graceful writer, whose poems all show a cultivated imagination and much tenderness of expression. Among the best are After Sedan, The Dead Letter, and The Young Musician. Fielding, in Eng. Men of Letters, is his chief prose work.Pub. Ho.Doddridge, Philip.1702–1751. Moralist. Author Rise and Progress of Religion in the Soul, Family Expositor, Hymns, etc. Style plain and simple.See edition of, Leeds, 1802, 10 vols.; also, Life and Correspondence, 5 vols., London, 1831, and Life, by D. A. Harsha.Dodsley, Robert.1703–1764. Poet and publisher. Author Economy of Human Life, etc. Best known by his Collection of Old Plays.See edition by W. Carew Hazlitt, 1875.Donne[dŏn],John.1573–1631. Poet and theologian. His versification is rugged, and his style obscure and fantastic, but his poems, both religious and amatory, contain much beauty of thought. His seven Satires are vigorous efforts.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.See Dean Alford's 6 vol. edition, 8vo, London, 1838.Pub. Hou.Doran, John.1807–1878. Biographer. Author Lives of Queens of the House of Hanover, Monarchs Retired from Business, Hist. Court Fools, New Pictures and Old Panels, etc.Pub. Arm.Dorset, 6th Earl of.See Sackville, Geo.Dorset, 1st Earl of.See Sackville, Thos. See Buckhurst, Lord.Douglas, Gawain.1474–1522. Bp. Dunkeld. Scotch poet. D. was the first metrical translator of Virgil in Gt. Britain.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.See complete Eng. edition by J. Small, 1874.Dowden, Edward.1843 ——. Poet and Shakespearean scholar. Author Shakespeare's Mind and Art, Southey, in Eng. Men of Letters, Poems, etc.Pub. Har.Drayton, Michael.1563–1631. Poet. His chief work is the Polyolbion, a poetical description of Britain in 100,000 lines. A far better work is the Nymphidia, an exquisitely graceful, mock heroic fairy poem.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.Drummond, William[of Hawthornden]. 1585–1649. Scotch poet. His Sonnets are his best production.See Memoirs by Masson, 1863.Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.Dryden, John.1631–1700. Poet and dramatist. His verse takes a wide range: in satire we have Absalom and Achitophel, MacFlecknoe, etc.; in theology, Religio Laici, Hind and Panther, etc.; in drama, some thirty plays; in translation, his Virgil; and in lyric poetry, his magnificent Ode for St. Cecilia's Day. D. had great genius, not always worthily employed. His dramas, when not stilted, are licentious, and as a satirist he is bitter, personal, and coarse.See Masson's Essays, and Lowell's Among My Books; also, Dryden, by Saintsbury, in Eng. Men of Letters.Pub. Hou. Har. Rou.Dugdale, Sir Wm.1605–1685. Antiquary. Author Antiquities of Warwickshire, and other valuable antiquarian works.Dunbar, Wm.1465–1530. Scotch poet. D. wrote The Thistle and Rose, The Golden Terge, etc. His witty, striking, and original genius is closely akin to that of Burns.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.D'Urfey, Thos.1650–1723. Dramatist. Witty, but coarse and immoral.Dutt, Toru.1856–1877. Hindu poetess. A writer of much genius. Ballads of Hindustan, and Sheafs Gleaned from French Fields, a vol. of fine Eng. translations, are her chief works.See Lit. World, June 17, 1882.Dyce, Alexander.1798–1869. Scotch Shakespearean scholar of note.See his edition of Shakespeare, with Glossary, 1867.Dyer, George.1755–1841. Author Hist. University of Cambridge, etc.Dyer, John.1698–1758. Welsh poet. Author Grongar Hill, The Fleece, and Ruins of Rome. His verse is natural and unaffected.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 3.Dyer, Thos. Henry.1804 ——. Historian. Author Hist. Modern Europe, Ancient Athens, Hist. Kings of Rome, Hist. City of Rome, and Life of Calvin.Pub. Lit.Eadmer[ĕd´mer]. —— 1124. Bp. St. Andrews. Wrote a Latin Hist. of his Own Time.Earle, John.1601–1655. Bp. Worcester. The reputed author of the Micosmography, a remarkable vol. of studies of character.Eastlake, Sir Chas.1793–1865. Artist. Author Hist. Gothic Revival, Materials for a Hist. Oil Painting, etc.See Lady Eastlake's Biography of, 1870.Eden[ē´den],Sir Fred'k Morton.1766–1809. Author of a valuable Hist. of the Laboring Classes of England, etc.Edgeworth, Maria.1767–1849. Novelist. Author Rosamond, Castle Rackrent, Belinda, Helen, etc. Style didactic, but entertaining. Her juvenile tales are numerous and popular.See Study of Miss Edgeworth, by Mrs. Oliver, 1882.Pub. Har. Lip. Rou.Edwards, Amelia Blandford.1831 ——. Novelist and Egyptologist. Author Barbara's History, Lord Brackenbury, etc. A writer of much talent, whose rank among Eng. novelists is a high one.See Lit. World, June 4, 1881.Pub. Har. Por. Rou.Edwards, Mrs. Annie.18— ——. Novelist. Susan Fielding, Ought We to Visit Her? and Archie Lovell are among the best of her excellent novels.Pub. Sh.Edwards, Matilda Betham.1836 ——. Novelist. Cousin to A. B. E. Author Doctor Jacob, Kitty, etc. Style clear and picturesque.Pub. Har. Lip. Rob.Edwards, Richard.1523–1566. Poet. Principal author of the famous poetical collection of his day, The Paradise of Dainty Devices.Eliot, George.See Evans, Marian.Ellicott, Chas. John.1819 ——. Bp. Gloucester and Bristol. Theologian. Author The New Testament Commentary, Historical Lect. on the Life of Christ, etc.Pub. Arm. Dra. Dut.Elliott, Ebenezer.1781–1849. Poet. Known as the Corn-Law Rhymer. His verse is earnest and ardent, and shows much feeling.See Life of, by Searle.See Eng. edition, 1876.Ellis, George.1745–1815. Antiquarian of note. Best known by his valuable work, Specimens of Early Eng. Poets.Ellis, Sir Henry.1777–1869. Antiquarian writer.Ellis, Mrs. Sarah[Stickney]. 1812–1872. Author Women of England, Daughters of England, Wives of England, Mothers of England, etc.Ellwood, Thos.1639–1713. Poet. Author of a dull poem entitled The Davideis.Elphinstone[ĕl´fin-stȏn],James.1721–1809. Scotch grammarian.Elphinstone, Mountstuart.1779–1859. Historical writer. Author Hist. of India, etc.Elyot[ĕl´ĭ-ȏt],Sir Thos.c. 1495–1546. Moralist. Author Defence of Good Women, etc.Emerson-Tennent, Sir James.1804–1869. Historical writer.Erskine, Thos.1750–1823. Jurist.See Select Speeches, with Memoir by Walford, 2 vols., 8vo, London, 1870.Etheridge, Sir George.1636–1694. Comic dramatist. Author of The Comical Revenge, She Would if She Could, etc. Style sprightly and witty.See Living Age, Apr. 30, 1881.Evans, Marian, "George Eliot." 1820–1880. Novelist and poet. A complete list of her works comprises translations of Strauss's Life of Jesus and Feuerbach's Essence of Christianity; the novels, Scenes of Clerical Life, Adam Bede, Mill on the Floss, Silas Marner, Romola, Felix Holt, Middlemarch, and Daniel Deronda; the long poems, Spanish Gypsy, Agatha, Legend of Jubal, and How Lisa Loved the King, with a few short ones; and a vol. of essays, entitled Impressions of Theophrastus Such. The strength of her novels lies in their wonderful delineations of character, their subtle analysis of motive as acted on by circumstance, and the lofty wisdom that infuses the whole. They awaken the best impulses of humanity, and appeal to all the finer sympathies. Her style is strongly marked, often picturesque, and her descriptions clear and distinct. Her poems, though containing many beautiful passages, do not, with one or two exceptions, take a high rank. The best one is probably the famous O May I Join the Choir Invisible.See George Eliot, by Mathilde Blind; Hutton's Essays; Cent. Mag., Nov., 1881; Eclectic Mag., April, 1881; Lit. World, Feb. 24, 1883; and Galaxy Mag., June, 1869.Evelyn, John.1620–1706. Agricultural writer. Author of Sylva Terra and a famous Diary, which accurately reflects the manners of his time.See Diary and Letters of, edited by John Forster, 1857.See London edition, 1875.Faber Frederick William.1815–1863. Religious poet. Author of a number of beautiful and popular Hymns.Pub. Dut. Mur. Wh. Rou.Faber, George Stanley.1773–1854. Theologian.Author of The Sacred Calendar of Prophecy, etc. Style clear and exact.Fabyan, Robert,c. 1456–1512. Chronicler. Wrote a Concordance of Histories, which begins with Brutus and ends with his own time.Fairfax, Edward.—— 1632. Poet. Author of a fine translation of Tasso.See Am. edition, 1855, 12mo.Falconer[fawk´ner],Wm.1730–1769. Scotch poet. Author of The Shipwreck, a poem of considerable beauty, and a Marine Dict.See Campbell's Specimens of the Eng. Poets.Pub. Hou.Fanshawe, Sir Richard.1608–1666. Poet. Translator of Camoens's Lusiad, and author of some graceful poems.Faraday, Michael.1791–1867. Chemist. Author of numerous scientific works, The Chemistry of a Candle, Physical Forces, etc.See Life and Letters of, 1870, by J. Bruce Jones, Tyndall's Faraday as a Discoverer, and Life, by J. H. Gladstone.Pub. Har. Rou.Farjeon, Benjamin Leopold.1833 ——. Novelist. Joshua Marvel, Grif, Blade-o'-Grass, London's Heart, and Bells of Penraven are among his best works. Style akin to that of Dickens.Pub. Har.Farmer, Richard.1735–1797. Shakespearean scholar. Author Essay on the Learning of Shakespeare.Farquhar[far´kwar or far´kär],George.1678–1707. Irish dramatist. A writer of brilliant, sparkling comedies, full of good feeling. The Beaux' Stratagem and The Recruiting Officer are the best.See his comedies edited by Leigh Hunt.See Atlantic Monthly, March, 1882.Farrar, Frederic Wm.1831 ——. Theologian. Author Life of Christ, Eternal Hope, Life and Epistles of St. Paul, Seekers after God, etc. Of several stories by him, St. Winifred's is perhaps the best.Pub. Cas. Dut. Fu. Lip. Mac.Fawcett, Henry.1833 ——. Writer on Political Economy. Author Free Trade and Protection, Pauperism—its Causes and Remedies, Manual of Political Economy, etc.Pub. Mac.Fawcett, Millicent Garrett.1847 ——. Wife to H. F. Author Tales in Political Economy, Political Economy for Beginners, etc.Pub. Mac.Feltham, Owen.c. 1608–1677. Essayist. Author Divine and Moral Resolves. Style pointed and sententious.Fenton, Elijah.1683–1730. Poet. Assisted Pope in translating the Odyssey. His original verse is not unmusical.Ferguson, Adam.1724–1816. Scotch historian and philosopher. Author Hist. of Civil Society, Hist. Progress and Termination of Roman Empire, etc. Style clear and scholarly.Ferguson, James.1710–1776. Scotch philosophical and mathematical writer.Fergusson, James.1808 ——. Scotch architectural writer of note. Author Hist. of Architecture.Pub. Lit.Fergusson, Robert.1750–1774. Scotch poet. Author of The Farmer's Ingle, etc.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 3.Ferrar, Nicholas.1592–1637. Religious writer.See Atlantic Monthly, Aug. 1871.Ferrier, James.1808–1864. Scotch metaphysician. His Institutes of Metaphysics is a work of much learning and acuteness.Ferrier, Susan Edmonstone.1782–1854. Scotchnovelist. Aunt to J. F. Author of Marriage, The Inheritance, and Destiny. Her works show much humor and are piquant in style.See Eng. edition 1841.See Temple Bar, Nov., 1878, and London Lit. World, March 31, 1882.Pub. Har. Rou.Fielding, Henry.1707–1754. Novelist. With Richardson he founded a new school of fiction, distinguished by a careful study of character and a more truthful drawing of human nature than what had preceded. Joseph Andrews, Amelia, and Tom Jones, though stamped with the coarseness of his age, will continue to be read for their originality, wit, and acute reflections.See Thackeray's Eng. Humorists, Masson's Novelists and their Styles, and Dobson's Fielding in Eng. Men of Letters.Pub. Har. Lit. Rou.Finlay, George.1800–1875. Scotch historian. Author Hist. Greece under the Romans, Hist. Byzantine and Greek Empires, Hist. Greece under Ottoman and Venetian Dominion, and Hist. of the Greek Revolution. A standard authority.Pub. Mac.Fisher, Edward.1620–1660. Welsh theologian. Author of a noted controversial work called The Marrow of Modern Divinity.Fitzgerald, Edward.1808–1883. Translator of note. Author of scholarly translations of Omar Khayyam, Calderon, and Æschylus.Fitzgerald, Percy.1834 ——. Novelist and littérateur. Author Romance of the English Stage, etc.Fitzgerald, Wm.1814 ——. Bp. Killaloe. Theologian. Author Holy Scripture, The Ultimate Rule of Faith, Life of Butler, etc.Flamsteed, John.1646–1719. Astronomical writer.Fletcher, Sir Andrew[of Saltoun]. 1663–1716. Political writer.See Erskine's Life of, 1792.Fletcher, Giles.1588–1623. Poet. Bro. to P. F. and cousin to J. F. Author Christ's Victory and Triumph, a long poem in 8-line stanzas.See Works edited by Grosart, 1876.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 2.Fletcher, John.1576–1625. Dramatist. Colleague of Beaumont. Among plays attributed solely to F. are Rule a Wife and Have a Wife, Beggar's Bush, and the exquisite pastoral drama The Faithful Shepherdess. He wrote, also, portions of Shakespeare's Two Noble Kinsmen and Henry VIII., perhaps his finest effort being the famous Wolsey Soliloquy in the latter. See Beaumont, F.See Dyce's edition, 1843.See Lamb's Specimens of the Dramatic Poets, Schlegel's Dramatic Lit., and Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 2.Fletcher, Mrs. Maria Jane.[Jewsbury.] 1800–1833. Poet.Fletcher, Phineas.1584–1650. Poet. Bro. to G. F. and cousin to J. F. F. wrote a long and curious allegorical and anatomical poem, The Purple Island. The subject, fantastically and minutely treated, is the human body.See Southey's Early Eng. Poets.Florio, John.1545–1625. Grammarian.Fonblanque[fŏn-blănk´],Albany.1797–1872. Journalist. Author England under Seven Administrations.See Life and Labors of, 1874.Foote, Samuel.1721–1777. Comic dramatist. The Liar and one or two other farces of his still keep the stage.See Fosters Essays and Life by Coke, 1805.Forbes, Alexander Penrose.1817–1875. Bp. Brechin.Theologian. Author Explanation of the Thirty-Nine Articles, etc.See Memoir, 1876.Pub. Dut.Forbes, Archibald.1838 ——. Scotch journalist. Author Soldiering and Scribbling, Glimpses through the Cannon Smoke, etc.Pub. Osg. Rou.Forbes, James David.1809–1868. Scientist. Author Theory of Glaciers, etc.See Life and Letters of by John C. Shairp, 1873.Ford, John.1586–1639. Dramatist. His plays all deal with unhappy love, but are powerful though morbid. The Broken Heart, his best work, is a masterpiece of pathos. His style possesses great beauty.See Moxon's edition Old Eng. Dramatists, and Swinburne's Essays and Studies.Forrester, Mrs.18— ——. Novelist. Author Dolores, Diana Carew, Mignon, etc.Pub. Lip.Forster, John.1812–1876. Essayist and biographer. Author lives of Dickens, Goldsmith, Landor, Swift, Statesmen of the Commonwealth of Eng., etc.Pub. Apl. Har. Lip.Fortescue, Sir John.c. 1395–1485. Legal writer. De Laudibus Legum Angliæ.Foster, John.1770–1843. Essayist. His style has both vigor and beauty.Pub. Ca.Fothergill, Jessie.18— ——. Novelist. Author The First Violin, Kith and Kin, One of Three, etc.Pub. Ho.Fox, Chas. James.1749–1806. Orator and historian.See edition of his Speeches, 6 vols., London, 1815, and Life, by Geo. O. Trevelyan.Fox, George.1624–1690. Theological writer. Founder of the Society of Friends.See Life, by S. M. Janney.Fox, John.1517–1587. Martyrologist. Author of the famous Book of Martyrs.Pub. Cas. Clx.Francillon, R. E.1841 ——. Novelist. Author Under Slieve Ban, Rare Good Luck, Queen Cophetua, etc.Pub. Apl. Ho.Francis, Sir Philip.1740–1818. Political writer. Supposed author of the famous Junius Letters, a series of powerful political tracts.See Junius, Johnson's Cyc.Pub. Rou.Fraser, James Baillie.1783–1856. Novelist and traveller. Author of The Kuzzilbash, Hist. Persia, etc.See Chambers Cyc. Eng. Lit., vol. 2.Freeman, Edward Augustus.1823 ——. Historian. Author Hist. Norman Conquest, Wm. Rufus and Henry First, Hist. Architecture, Unity of Hist., etc. An eminently thorough, accurate writer, whose Norman Conquest is one of the most important of English histories. Style animated and scholarly.Pub. Ho. Mac.Fremantle, Wm. Henry.1831 ——. Theologian. Author The Gospel of the Secular Life, Bampton Lect. 1883, etc.Pub. Scr.Freer, Martha Walker.1822 ——. Historian. Author Life of Marguerite of Navarre, Life of Henry III. of France, etc.Frere[freer],John Hookham.1769–1846. Poet. A writer of merit in translation and in original verse.See Eng. edition of, 2 vols., London, 1872.Friswell, James Hain.1827–1878. Essayist. Author Familiar Words, The Gentle Life, Francis Spira and other Poems, etc.Pub. Por.Froude[frood],James Anthony.1818 ——. Historian and essayist. Author Hist. of England, The English in Ireland, Short Studies on Great Subjects, The Nemesis of Faith, etc. His historical portraits are brilliant and his historical grouping dramatic, but his judgments of men and motivesare open to criticism. All his works show great labor and research.Pub. Har. Scr.Froude, Richard Hurrel.1803–1836. Bro. to J. A. F. Religious writer.See Remains of, 4 vols., London, 1838.Fuller, Thomas.1608–1661. Historian and biographer. Author Ch. Hist., Hist. of Worthies of England, Sermons, Holy State, etc. A quaint, humorous, original writer of great eminence in his own day and still read with pleasure.See Life, by Russell, 1844.Pub. Dut. Mac.Fullerton, Lady Georgiana.1812 ——. Novelist. Grantley Manor, Constance Sherwood, Too Strange Not to be True, and Lady Bird, are some of her works.Pub. Apl. Cath. Pi.Furnivall, Fred'k James.1825 ——. Shakespearean scholar. Editor of the Leopold Shakespeare.Fyffe, Chas. Alan.1845 ——. Historian. Author Modern Europe, Hist. Greece in Appleton's Hist. Primers, etc.Pub. Apl. Ho.Gale, Theophilus.1628–1678. Theologian. Author of The Court of the Gentiles.Galt, John.1779–1839. Scotch novelist. Author Annals of a Parish, Ayrshire Legatees, Life Lord Byron, etc. A prolific writer who has carefully drawn Scotch provincial and peasant life.See Autobiography, 1834.Pub. Har.Gardiner, Sam'l Rawson.1829 ——. Historian. Author of The 30 Years' War, 1618–1648. Eng. Hist. for Students, etc.Pub. Ho.Garrett, Edward.See Mayo, Mrs. Isabella.Garrick, David.1716–1779. Dramatist. Author Lying Valet, Miss In her Teens, etc.See Life, by Percy Fitzgerald, 1872.Garth, Samuel.1672–1719. Poet and physician. His mock epic, The Dispensary, is a feeble work.See Ward's English Poets, vol. 3.Gascoigne, Mrs. Caroline Leigh.1813 ——. Novelist and poet. Author Doctor Harold, etc.Gascoigne, George.1530–1577. Poet. The Steel Glass his chief work.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.Gaskell, Mrs. Elizabeth Cleghorn.1810–1865. Novelist and biographer. Author of Ruth, Sylvia's Lovers, Wives and Daughters, Mary Barton, etc. Her books are earnest and well written; Cranford, in fact, is almost a classic work, and her Life of Charlotte Brontë is a much-admired biography.See Lit. World, July 1, 1882.Pub. Apl. Har.Gast, John.1715–1788. Irish historian.Gatty, Alfred.1813 ——. Author The Vicar and His Duties, Study of In Memoriam, etc.Gatty, Mrs. Margaret.1809–1873. Wife to A. G. Author Parables from Nature, The Fairy Godmother, Proverbs Illustrated, Aunt Judy's Tales, etc.Pub. Ca. Put.Gauden, John.1605–1664. Bp. Worcester. His Ikōn Basilikē professed to be the work of Charles I., of whose sufferings it was an account, and its true authorship has occasioned much controversy.Gay, John.1688–1732. Poet and dramatist. G. wrote The Beggar's Opera, a famous musical drama, and numerous other works.See edition of his Poems, London, 1806.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 3, and Gay's Fables edited by Austin Dobson.Pub. Apl.Gell[jĕl],Sir Wm.1777–1836. Archæologist. Author Topography of Rome, etc.Geoffrey[jĕf´rĭ]of Dunstable.—— 1146. Author of a miracle play of St. Catherine 1110, usually considered the first dramatic work in any modern language.Geoffrey of Monmouth.c. 1100–1154. Bp. St. Asaph, Anglo-Saxon Chronicler.Gibbon, Edward.1737–1794. Historian. Author of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire; a masterly work, artistically conceived and carried out, with great research and careful detail. See Milman's edition, 1845.See Autobiography edited by Milman, 1839.Pub. Har. Por.Gifford, Wm.1757–1826. Critic and reviewer. G. wrote the Baviad and Mæviad, two sharp literary satires, and as editor of the Quarterly Review was author of many bitter, satirical reviews.See Hazlitt's Spirit of the Age.Gilbert, Wm.1540–1603. Philosophical writer. Author De Magnete.Gilbert, Wm.18— ——. Novelist. Author De Profundis, etc.Gilbert, Wm. Schevenck.1836 ——. Dramatist and humorous poet; son to preceding. Author of The Bab Ballads, Original Plays, and of the librettos of Pinafore, Pirates of Penzance, The Sorcerer, Patience, Iolanthe, etc.See Scribner's Mag., Sept. 1879.Pub. Por. Rou. Scr.Gilchrist, Alexander.1827–1861. Biographer and art writer. Author lives of Blake and Etty.Gildas.fl. c. 510. Anglo-Latin Chronicler.See Stevenson's edition, London, 1838.Gilfillan, George.1813–1878. Scotch miscellaneous writer. Author Gallery of Literary Portraits, Life of Walter Scott, Bards of the Bible, etc.Pub. Har.Gilfillan, Robert.c. 1798–1850. Scotch poet.Gillies, John.1747–1836. Scotch historian. Author Hist. Ancient Greece, etc.Gilpin, John.1724–1804. Critic and biographer. Author Life of Bernard Gilpin, etc.Giraldus, Cambrensis.1147–1216. Welsh historian and poet.Girdlestone, Chas.1797–1881. Religious writer. Author Concordance to the Prayer-Book, etc.Gladstone, Wm. Ewart.1809 ——. Statesman and essayist. Author of Juventus Mundi, Homeric Studies, The Vatican Decrees, etc. Style polished and able.See Sketch of, by H. W. Lucy, Short Life of, by C. H. Jones, and Life, by Geo. Barnett Smith.Also Harper's Mag., April, 1882.Pub. Apl. Har. Scr.Gloucester[glŏs-ter],Robert of.fl. c. 1280. Rhyming chronicler.Glover, Richard.1712–1785. Poet. Author of Leonidas, an epic, Hosier's Ghost, etc.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 3.Godwin, Mrs. Mary Wollstonecraft.1759–1797. Wife to W. G. Author Vindication of the Rights of Women, etc. Style bold and able.See Atlantic Monthly, Dec. 1880.Godwin, Wm.1756–1836. Philosopher and novelist. Author Caleb Williams, St. Leon, Cloudesly, Answer to Malthus, Political Justice, etc.See Life, by Kegan Paul, 1876, and Leslie Stephen's Hours in a Library.Pub. Har.Goldsmith, Oliver.1728–1774. Irish poet and novelist. A writer of great delicacy and purity of sentiment, possessing a simple, delightful style. His poems, The Deserted Village and The Traveller, are charming pieces of description; his comedies, The Good-Natured Man and She Stoops to Conquer,are bright and sparkling, the latter being perennially fresh; and his novel, The Vicar of Wakefield, is an Eng. classic.See Lives, by Prior, Forster, W. Irving, and Goldsmith by Wm. Black in Eng. Men of Letters.See Select Poems of, edited by W.J. Rolfe.Pub. Clx. Har.Good, John Mason.1764–1827. Physician and miscellaneous writer. Author Study of Medicine, The Book of Nature, Medical Technology, etc.Pub. Har.Gordon, George, Lord Byron.1788–1824. Childe Harold, Prisoner of Chillon, and Don Juan are his finest poems. A writer of great power and strong personality, whose talent was warped by license and self-will. Don Juan, his most brilliant poem, sins deeply against morality. Manfred, The Giaour, and Lara are striking poems.See Lives by Galt, Moore, E. Brydges, Lake, and Elze; also, Byron, by Nichols, in Eng. Men of Letters, and the Real Lord Byron by J. C. Jeaffreson.See Quarterly Rev., July, 1868, and prefaces to respective editions by Wm. Rossetti and A. C. Swinburne.Gore, Mrs. Catherine Grace.1799–1861. Novelist. A prolific writer of society tales. Author of The Cabinet Minister, The Royal Favorite, etc.Pub. Har.Gosse, Edmund W.1849 ——. Poet and critic. Son to P. H. G. Author of Viol and Flute, King Erik, New Poems, Grey in Eng. Men of Letters, etc. A lyrist of much merit.See Harper's Mag. May, 1882, "Some London Poets."Pub. Har. Ho.Gosse, Philip Henry.1810 ——. Zoölogist. Author Romance of Natural Hist., Marine Zoölogy, Evenings with the Microscope, etc.Pub. Apl. A. T. S. Lip.Goulbourn, Edward Meyrick.1818 ——. Religious writer. Author Thoughts on Personal Religion, The Holy Catholic Ch., Pursuit of Holiness, etc.Pub. Apl.Gould, Baring.See Baring-Gould.Gower, John.1350–1402. Poet. G. wrote the Speculum Meditantis, in French, Vox Clamantis, in Latin, and Confessio Amantis in Eng.See edition, 3 vols. 8vo, London, 1857.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1; also Rolfe's edition of Pericles.Græme[grām],John.1748–1772. Scotch poet.Graham, Ennis.See Molesworth, Mrs.Grahame, James.1765–1811. Scotch poet. Author of The Sabbath, etc.Grahame, James, Marquis of Montrose.1612–1650. Lyric poet. Author of the famous lyric My Dear and Only Love.See Biographies by Napier, 1856, and Grant, 1858.Grahame, James.1790–1842. Scotch historian. Author Hist. U. S., etc. Style dignified and impartial.Granger, James.1716–1766. Historian. Author Biographical Hist. of England.Grant, Mrs. Anne[of Laggan]. 1755–1838. Scotch poet and miscellaneous writer. Author Memoirs of an American Lady 1808, etc.See Memoirs and Correspondence of, 3 vols., 1844.Pub. Mu.Grant, James.1806 ——. Journalist. Author of The Bench and the Bar, Sketches in London, etc.Grant, James.1822 ——. Scotch novelist. Author Hist. of India, and a long list of novels which do not take a very high rank.Pub. Cas. Rou.Grattan, Thos. Colley.1796–1864. Irish novelist and poet. Author Highways and Byways, Hist. of the Netherlands, etc.Pub. Har.Gray, David.1831–1861. Scotch poet. Author of The Luggie, etc.See H. G. Bell's edition, 1874.See R. Buchanan's David Gray and Other Essays, 1868.Gray, Thomas.1716–1771. Poet. Author of The Bard, Progress of Poesy, Elegy in a Country Churchyard, etc. A writer of much refinement of expression and quiet sentiment. The calm beauty of the Elegy has made it one of the most popular of Eng. poems.See Gray, by E. W. Gosse, in Eng. Men of Letters, Mason's Biog., 1778, and Selected Poems of, edited by W. J. Rolfe.Green, John Richard.1837–1883. Historian. Author Short Hist. of the Eng. People, The Making of England, Stray Studies, Hist. of the Eng. People, etc. A picturesque, accurate writer, with great originality and clearness of style.See N. Y. Nation, March 29, 1883, Contemporary Rev., May, 1883, Journal of Education, June, 1883, British Quarterly Rev., July, 1883, and Fortnightly Rev., May, 1883.Pub. Apl. Har. Mac.Green, Matthew.1696–1737. Poet. The author of a curious reflective poem called The Spleen.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 3.Greene, Robert.1560–1592. Dramatist. A prolific writer of humorous plays, but now best known by his confession entitled Greene's Groat's Worth of Wit bought with a Million of Repentance.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.Greenwell, Dora.1821–1882. Poet and miscellaneous writer. Author Stories That Might be True, The Patience of Hope, John Woolman, Camera Obscura, A Present Heaven, etc.Pub. Dut.Greg, Wm. Rathbone.1812–1881. Essayist. Author of Rocks Ahead, Enigmas of Life, Literaryand Social Judgments, Creed of Christendom, etc., works of a thoughtful, pessimistic cast.See Macmillan's Mag., June, 1883.Pub. Ho.Grenville, George, Lord Nugent.1788–1850. Author Memorials of Hampden, Lands Classical and Lay, etc.Greville, Sir Fulke, Lord Brooke.1554–1628. Poet and philosopher. Author Life of Sydney, etc.See Grosart's edition of, 1870.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.Griffin, Gerald.1803–1840. Irish poet and novelist. Author of The Collegians, etc.See complete Eng. edition by Griffin, 1857.Pub. Rou. Sad.Grindon, Leopold Hartley.1818 ——. Author Life—its Nature, Varieties, and Phenomena, The Shakespeare Flora, etc.Pub. Lip.Grosseteste[grōs-test],Robert.c. 1175–1253. Bp. London. Anglo-Norman poet.Grote, George.1794–1871. Historian. Best known by his Hist. of Greece, a standard work.See Life, by Mrs. Grote, 1873.Pub. Har. Lit.Grove, George.1820 ——. Musical critic. Author Dict. of Music and Musicians, etc.Pub. Mac.Guest, Lady Charlotte.See Schreiber, Lady Charlotte.Gunter, Edmund.1581–1626. Mathematical writer. Inventor of the terms co-sine, co-tangent, etc. The phrase "according to Gunter" arose from his scale of measurement being the standard one.Gurney, Joseph John.1788–1847. Philanthropist. Author Notes on Prison Discipline, and numerous religious works.Pub. Lip.Guthrie[gŭth´rĭ],Thomas.1803–1873. Scotch philanthropist. Author Plea for Ragged Schools, Man and the Gospel, Out of Harness, etc.See Life, 1873.Pub. Ca.Guthrie, Wm.1708–1770. Scotch historian. Author Hist. of England, Hist. of Scotland, etc. His works have been entirely superseded by later authorities.Habington, Wm.1605–1654. Poet. An ingenious writer of love poems.See Eng. edition by Arber, 1870.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 2.Hailes, Lord.See Dalrymple, Sir D.Hakluyt[hăk´loot],Richard.1553–1616. Chronicler and geographer. Hakluyt's Voyages is an important collection of narratives of earlier or contemporary voyages.See edition of, 5 vols. 4to, London, 1809–12.Hale, Sir Matthew.1609–1676. Moral and religious writer.See Life by Burnet in Wordsworth's Ecclesiastical Biog.Hales, John.1584–1656. Polemical writer. Styled "The Ever Memorable." Chiefly noted for his Golden Remains.See Life by Des Maizeaux.Hales, Stephen.1677–1761. One of the earliest writers on vegetable physiology.Hales, Wm.1769–1831. Irish theologian.Haliburton, Thos. Chandler.1805–1865. Nova Scotian humorist. Author Sam Slick, etc.Pub. Di. Har. Hou. Rou.Halifax, Earl of.See Montagu, Chas.Halifax, Marquess.See Saville, George.Hall, Mrs. Anna Maria.1805–1881. Wife to S. C. H. Irish novelist and miscellaneous writer. Author Sketches of Irish Character, The Outlaw, The Whiteboy, etc.Pub. Har.Hall, Basil.1798–1844. Scotch writer of travels.Hall, Edward.—— 1547. Chronicler. A minute and valuable writer.Hall, Joseph.1547–1676. Bp. Norwich. Theologian and satirist. Sometimes styled the founder of Eng. satire. A vivacious and excellent writer.See edition 1837. See Hannay's Satire and Satirists, and Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.Hall, Newman,1816 ——. Congregationalist religious writer. Author Come to Jesus, The Forum and the Vatican, etc.Pub. Phi. Sh.Hall, Robert.1764–1831. Baptist religious writer. Author Sermons on Modern Infidelity, Reflections on War, etc. Style scholarly, eloquent, and refined.See Works of, with Memoir, by O. Gregory, 6 vols., London; also, Biog. by J. W. Morris, 1846, and Life by Paxton Hood.Hall, Samuel Carter.1801 ——. Miscellaneous writer. Author The Stately Homes of England, Book of Memories, Retrospect of a Long Life, etc.Pub. Apl.Hallam, Arthur Henry.1811–1833. Poet and essayist. Son to H. H. A young writer whose loss inspired Tennyson's In Memoriam.See Remains, with Life, by his father, 1834; Remains in Verse and Prose, 1862. See Life, by Dr. John Brown; also, Atlantic Monthly, Dec. 1860.Hallam, Henry.1777–1859. Historian and critic. Author Hist. Middle Ages, Constitutional Hist. England, Lit. of Europe, etc. An impartial writer whose works are of great value, but whose style lacks animation and freshness.See H. Martineau's Biographical Sketches.Pub. Arm. Har. Lit.Halliwell-Phillips, James Orchard.1820 ——. Shakespearean scholar. Editor of Shakespeare, 16 vols. folio, 1865. Author Dict. Archaic Words, Life of Shakespeare, Last Days of Shakespeare, etc.Hamerton[hăm´er-ton],Philip Gilbert.1834 ——. Art Critic. Author Thoughts on Art, A Painter's Camp, The Unknown River, The Intellectual Life, etc. A writer of authority in his department. Style graceful and refined.Pub. Mac. Rob.Hamilton, Mrs. Elizabeth.1758–1816. Scotch writer. Best known by her Letters of a Hindoo Rajah and The Cottagers of Glenburnie.See Chambers' Cyc. Eng. Lit.Hamilton, Sir Wm.1788–1856. Scotch metaphysician. Author Discussions on Philosophy, etc. His clear, dignified style is much admired.Pub. Apl.Hannay, James.1827–1873. Novelist and miscellaneous writer. Author Singleton Fontenoy, Studies on Thackeray, etc.Pub. Har. Rou.Hardy, Thomas.1840 ——. Novelist. Author Far From the Madding Crowd, The Return of the Native, A Pair of Blue Eyes, Two on a Tower, etc. A novelist of high rank. His character-drawing is sharp and incisive, his studies of peasant life truthful and sympathetic, and his descriptive passages masterly.Pub. Ho.Hare, Augustus Julius Charles.1834 ——. Neph. to J. C. H. and A. W. H. Author Walks in London, Walks in Rome, Days Near Rome, Memorials of a Quiet Life, etc.Pub. Por. Ran. Rou.Hare, Augustus Wm.1793–1834. Author Alton Sermons, etc.Pub. Ran. Rou.Hare, Francis.1688–1740. Bp. Chichester. Controversial writer.Hare, Julius Chas.1796–1855. Bro. to A. W. H., and with him author of Guesses at Truth. Author Life of Sterling, Victory of Faith, etc.Pub. Dut. Mac.Harrington, James.1611–1677. Political philosopher. Author of The Oceana.Harrington, John.1534–1582. Poet.See Hannah's Courtly Poets.Harrington, Sir John.1561–1612. Poet. Son to preceding. First English translator of Ariosto.Harrison, Frederic.1831 ——. Positivist and philosopher. Author Order and Progress, The Meaning of History, etc., and translator of Comte's Social Statics.Hartley, David.1705–1757. Philosopher. Observations on Man his chief work.Harvey, Gabriel.1545–1637. Poet. One of the first to write English hexameter.Harvey, Wm.1578–1657. Physician. Discoverer of the circulation of the blood.See Works of, edited by the Sydenham Society, London, 1847.Havergal, Frances Ridley.1836–1879. Author of much devotional verse.Pub. Dut. Ran.Haweis[hoys],Hugh Reginald.1838 ——. Religious and miscellaneous writer. Author Thoughts for the Times, Speech in Season, Current Coin, Arrows in the Air, Poets in the Pulpit, Unsectarian Family Prayer, Music and Morals, Pet, or Pastimes and Penalties, Ashes to Ashes, and My Musical Life.Pub. Har. Ho.Haweis, Mrs. Mary Eliza[Joy]. 1852 ——. Wife to H. R. H. Author Chaucer for Children, Chaucer for Schools, Chaucer's Beads, The Art of Beauty, The Art of Dress, The Art of Decoration, and Beautiful Houses. The illustrations and cover designs of her own and her husband's works are by Mrs. Haweis.Pub. Har.Hay, Mary Cecil.1844 ——. Novelist. Author of Old Myddleton's Money, The Arundel Motto, The Squire's Legacy, etc.Pub. Har.Hayley, Wm.1745–1820. Poet. Of mediocre ability, but once very popular. Author Life Wm. Cowper, etc.See Autobiography, 1823.Hayward, Mrs. Eliza.1693–1756. Author of The New Utopia, The Female Spectator, etc. A voluminous writer of miscellaneous works of slight merit.Hazlitt, Wm.1778–1830. Critical essayist. Author Table-Talk, Lect. on Shakespeare, Lect. on the Eng. Poets, etc. His criticisms on art and the drama are of high order. His style is picturesque and his imagination rich, but his works are sometimes deficient in moderation and judgment.See Life of, by his grandson, 1867.Pub. Lip.Hazlitt, Wm. Carew.1843 ——. Grandson to W. H. Littérateur. Author Hist. Venetian Republic, Memoirs Wm. Hazlitt, Handbook to Early Eng. Lit. etc.Head, Sir Francis Bond.1793–1875. Miscellaneous writer. Among his numerous works Bubbles from the Brunnen of Nassau is one of the best known.Pub. Har.Heber, Reginald.1783–1826. Poet. Bp. Calcutta. A talented writer, best known by his hymns, viz.: The Missionary Hymn, Holy, Holy, Holy, and Epiphany.See Life, by Mrs. Heber, 1830.Last Days of Heber, by Robinson, and Memoirs by Potter and Taylor.Hector, Mrs. Annie Alexander. "Mrs. Alexander."1825 ——. Irish novelist. Author of The Wooing O't, Her Dearest Foe, The Freres, The Admiral's Ward, Which Shall It Be, etc. Style fresh, healthful, and pleasing.Pub. Ho.Helps, Sir Arthur.1818–1875. Historian and essayist. Author Hist. of the Spanish Conquest inAmerica, Realmah, Casimir, Maremma, etc. His style is quiet and graceful, and Friends in Council, his best work, is strong and helpful.Pub. Har. Rob. Rou.Hemans[hĕm´anz],Mrs. Felicia Dorothea.1793–1835. Poet. Without possessing great force some of her poems have yet taken a firm hold upon popular sympathies. Casabianca, Graves of a Household, and The Pilgrim Fathers are examples. Her verse is graceful and sweet, but not strong.See Memorials of, by H. F. Chorley, 1836.Pub. Lip. Por. Rou.Henry VIII.1491–1547. Author of controversial, anti-Lutheran treatises.See Brewer's edition of, 1862.Henry, Matthew.1662–1714. Theologian. Author of a noted Exposition of the Bible, of which the best edition is that of London, 1869.See Lives by Tony and Williams.Pub. Ca.Henry, Robert.1718–1790. Scotch historian. His Hist. of Gt. Britain was the first to take account of manners and the state of society from a purely historical basis.Henryson, Robert.fl. c. 1490. Scotch poet. H. wrote the beautiful pastoral of Robin and Makyne, found in Percy's Reliques.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.Herbert, Lord Edward.1581–1648. Historian and theologian. His De Veritate is a plea for Deism. Style dignified and able.See Autobiography, edited by W. D. Howells.Pub. Hou.See Lord Herbert de Cherbury by Chas. de Rémusat, Paris, 1874.Herbert, George.1593–1632. Religious poet. Bro. to preceding. Author of The Temple. His verseis elevated in tone, but marred by quaint and fantastic conceits.See Lives, by Walton, 1670, and Duyckinck, 1858.See Grosart's edition, with Memoir, 1875.Herbert, Wm.1778–1847. Poet. Author of some spirited translations from the Norse and other tongues, and of some excellent original poems.Herrick, Robert.1591–1674. Poet. Author of Hesperides, etc. A skillful lyrist whose airy gracefulness will always continue to delight.See Grosart's complete edition of, 1877; also, Abbey's Illustrated Selections from, 1882.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 2, and Temple Bar, May, 1883.Herschel, Caroline Lucretia.1750–1840. Astronomer. Author Catalogue of Stars.See Life and Correspondence of, 1876.Pub. Apl.Herschel, Sir John Frederick Wm.1792–1871. Astronomer. Neph. to C. L. H. Author Study of Nat. Philosophy, Outlines of Astronomy, Physical Geography, etc.Pub. Apl. Har. Rou.Hervey, Lord John.1696–1743. Author Memoirs Reign of George II.See edition of, 1848, with Life by J. W. Croker.Hervey, James.1714–1758. Moralist. Author Meditations, etc.Pub. Ca.Heylin, Peter.1600–1662. Microcosmus is his most noted work.Heywood, Jasper.1535–1598. Son to J. H. Author of rhymed translations of Seneca.Heywood, John.1506–1565. Dramatist. Writer of grotesque Interludes.Heywood, Thomas.—— 1640. Dramatist. Was a frequent colleague of other dramatists, and a writer of much talent, with a tender, graceful style.See complete edition of, London, 1874, 6 vols.Hoadley, Benj.1670–1761. Bp. Winchester. Theological writer.Hoadley, Benj.1706–1757. Dramatist. Son to preceding.Hobbes, Thos.1588–1679. Philosopher. A profound thinker, whose Leviathan, a treatise on monarchical government, is his best known work.See Molesworth's complete edition of, 16 vols., London, 1845.Hogg, James.1770–1835. Scotch poet. Called "The Ettrick Shepherd." Author of The Queen's Wake, etc. Style diffuse, but graceful and imaginative.See Collected Works, 1869.Holcroft, Thomas.1745–1809. Dramatist. Best known by his novel The Marriage of Figaro, and his famous comedy The Road to Ruin.See Memoirs, edited by Hazlitt, 1816.Holinshed, Raphael.—— c. 1580. Chronicler. From him Shakespeare drew in part the stories of Cymbeline, Henry VI., Richard II., Richard III., Henry IV., Henry V., Macbeth, Lear, and Henry VIII.Holyoake, George Jacob.1817 ——. Writer on social science. Author of The Logic of Facts, Hist. of Coöperation in England, etc.Pub. Lip.Home, Henry, Lord Kames.1696–1782. Scotch philosopher. Author Elements of Criticism, etc.See Life, by A. F. Tytler.Pub. Por. Sh.Home, John.1724–1808. Dramatist. H. wrote the once popular play Douglas, which contains the famous lines, "My name is Norval," etc.See complete works of, with Life, by Mackenzie, 3 vols., 8vo, Edinburgh, 1822.Hone, Wm.1779–1842. Satirist. Chiefly known by his compilations; as, The Every-Day Book, The Table-Book, etc.Hood, Edwin Paxton.1820 ——. Biographer. Author Lives of Wordsworth and Swedenborg, The Uses of Biography, etc.Pub. Arm. Do. Lip.Hood, Thomas.1798–1845. Poet and humorist. A writer whose fame as a wit has overshadowed his merits as a poet. His style, when not professedly humorous, is tender and graceful. For moral earnestness The Bridge of Sighs and The Song of the Shirt cannot be surpassed.See E. P. Sargent's edition, Pub. Apl.; also, F. J. Child's edition.Pub. Dut. Hon. Por. Put. Rou.Hood, Thomas.1835–1875. Miscellaneous writer. Son to preceding. Author of The Rhymster, etc.Hook, Theodore Edward.1788–1842. A writer of novels of fashion, inartistic in form, but full of humor. His power of extempore verse-making was remarkable.See Life, by Barham, 1848.Pub. Rou.Hook, Walter Farquhar.1798–1875. Neph. to T. E. H. Author Lives Abps. Cant., Ecclesiastical Biog., Ch. Dict., etc.See Life and Letters.Pub. Dut.Hooker, Joseph Dalton.1817 ——. Botanist. Son to W. J. H. Author Student's Flora British Islands, etc.Pub. Mac.Hooker, Richard.1553–1600. Theologian. Author The Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity. The greatest prose writer of the Elizabethan age.See Keble's edition, 3 vols.Pub. Mac.Hooker, Sir Wm. Jackson.1785–1865. Botanist. Author British Ferns, Garden Ferns, British Flora, etc.Pub. Put.Hope, Alex. James Beresford.1820 ——. Son to T. H. Author of the Eng. Cathedral in the 19th Cent., Worship in the Church of England, etc.

Coombe[koom],Wm.1741–1823. A voluminous satirical and humorous writer, best known by his poem Dr. Syntax.Pub. Rou.

Cooper, Anthony Ashley.3d Earl of Shaftesbury. 1671–1713. Ethical writer. Author of Characteristics of Men, etc.

Copleston[kop´ȇl-stȏn],Edward.1776–1849. Bp. Llandaff. Theological writer.

Corbet, Richard.1562–1635. Bp. Norwich. Poet of indifferent merit.

Cornwall, Barry. See Procter, B. W.

Coryat, Thomas.1577–1617. Writer of travels. Best known by Coryat's Crudities, entertaining, but full of affectations.

Costello, Dudley.1803–1865. Novelist. Author Stories from a Screen, Faint Heart Never Won Fair Lady, The Millionaire, etc.

Costello, Louisa Stuart.1815–1870. Novelist and writer of travels. Sister to D. C. Author of The Queen Mother, the Rose Garden of Persia, etc.

Cottle, Joseph.1770–1853. Poet. Best known, however, by his Reminiscences of Coleridge and Southey.

Cotton, Charles.1630–1687. Poet and translator of Montaigne.

Cotton, Nathaniel.1721–1788. Poet. Author Visions in Verse, Miscellanies.

Cotton, Sir Robert.1570–1631. Antiquary and historical collector.

Coverdale, Miles.1487–1568. Bp. Exeter. Translator, with Tyndale, of the Bible. The first translation of the whole Bible was by C., and appeared in 1635.

Cowley, Abraham.1618–1667. Poet and essayist. His popularity, once great, is now slight. His verse is ingenious, but contains little poetic feeling. His most pretentious poem is The Davideis.See Aikin's edition, 3 vols., 1802.

Cowper[koo´per or kow´per],Wm.1731–1800. Poet. His verse is mainly religious or didactic, but his humorous ballad of John Gilpin is widely famous. He was the author of many beautiful and well-known hymns, of a long poem, The Task, and the exquisite Lines on My Mother's Picture. Style quiet and meditative.The best edition of C. is that by Southey, with biography, 1838.See Cowper, by Goldwin Smith, in Eng. Men of Letters.

Cox, Sir George W.1827 ——. Historian. Author Hist. of Greece, Mythology of the Aryan Nations, Tales of Ancient Greece, etc.Pub. Apl. Har. Ho.

Coxe, Wm.1744–1828. Historian. Author Hist. House of Austria, Kings of Spain, Memoirs of Duke of Marlborough, etc. A standard writer.Pub. Apl.

Crabbe, George.1754–1832. Poet. Writer of realistic, matter-of-fact narrative poems: The Village, The Parish Register, etc.See complete edition of 1834, 8 vols., with Life.See Atlantic Monthly, May, 1880, "A Neglected Poet."

Crabbe, George.1778–1834. Philologist. Author of Hist. Eng. Law and a noted work on Eng. Synonyms.Pub. Har.

Craig-Knox, Mrs. Isa.1831 ——. Scotch poet. Author Ode to Burns, Duchess Agnes, etc.Pub. Cas.

Craik, Mrs. Dinah Maria Mulock.1826 ——. Novelist and poet. Author of quiet, helpful, earnest stories, among which John Halifax, Gentleman, is the most noted. Others are, A Brave Lady, A Noble Life, A Woman's Kingdom, Mistress and Maid, etc. Philip My King and Douglas are two of her finest poems.Pub. Har. Hou. Mac.

Craik, George Lillie.1799–1866. Historian. Author of a valuable Hist. Eng. Lit., The English of Shakespeare, Bacon and his Philosophy, etc.See Rolfe's Craik's English of Shakespeare.Pub. Scr.

Cranmer, Thos.1489–1555. Abp. Canterbury. Theologian.See Archdeacon Todd's Life of, 1831.

Crashaw[crăsh´aw],Richard.c. 1620–1650. Poet. Author of Steps to the Temple, etc. His verse is fanciful and mystical, but always melodious.See Turnbull's complete edition of London, 1858.See G. MacDonald's England's Antiphon and Cornhill Mag., April, 1883.

Creasy, Sir Edward Shepherd.1812–1878. Historian. Author Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World, Hist. Ottoman Turks, Hist. of England.Pub. Ho. Har.

Croker, John Wilson.1780–1857. Essayist and historical writer. Style caustic and vigorous.See H. Martineau's Biographical Sketches.

Croker, Thos. Crofton.1798–1854. Irish novelist. Author of romances and fairy tales, the latter of great beauty.

Croly, George.1780–1860. Irish poet. Author Angel of the World, Catiline, etc. His verse has a showy, tinsel brilliancy.Pub. Har. Rou.

Cruden[kroo´den],Alexander.1701–1770. Scotch theologian. Famous as the author of the well-known Concordance to the Bible.Pub. Lip. Ran. Wh.

Cudlip, Mrs. Annie Pender, "Annie Thomas." 18— ——. Novelist. Author Denis Donne, A Passion in Tatters, Playing for High Stakes, etc.Pub. Har.

Cudworth, Ralph.1617–1688. Philosopher. His True Intellectual System ranks among Eng. prose classics.See edition 1845, 3 vols.

Cumberland, Richard.1632–1718. Bp. Peterborough. Philosophical writer.

Cumberland, Richard.1732–1811. Great-grandson to preceding. Poet and dramatist. Wrote The West Indian, Wheel of Fortune, and other rather sentimental comedies.See edition of his dramas, by Jansen, 1813.

Cumming, John.1810–1881. Scotch theologian and popular London preacher. Author Apocalyptic Sketches, Fall of Babylon Foreshadowed, etc.

Cunningham, Allan. 1785–1842. Scotch poet and critic. C. wrote many spirited songs, among which A Wet Sheet and a Flowing Sea is best known. Author Hist. British Painters, Life of Wilkie, etc.See Poems and Songs of, edited by Peter Cunningham, 1847.Pub. Har.

Cunningham, John.1729–1773. Irish lyrical poet.

Cunningham, John Wm.1780–1861. Poet.

Cunningham, Peter.1816–1869. Son to A. C. Antiquary. Author Handbook of London, Modern London, Memoir of J. M. W. Turner, etc.

Dalrymple, Sir David.1726–1792. Scotch historian. Author Annals of Scotland, etc.

Dalrymple, John Hamilton.1726–1810. Scotch historian. Author Memoirs of Great Britain.

Daniel, Samuel.1562–1619. Poet and historian. D. wrote a Hist. of the Civil Wars in 8-line stanzas, also a prose Hist. of England.See Campbell's Specimens of Eng. Poets.

D'Arblay, Madame,néeFrances Burney.1752–1840. Novelist. Author Evelina, Cecilia, Camilla, etc.See her Diary, pub. 1846; also Contemporary Rev., Dec., 1882.Pub. Har. Rob.

Darwin, Chas. Robert.1809–1882. Naturalist. The most notable scientist of the age, and the originator of the Evolution Theory. He had a clear, well-balanced mind, and his statements are based on careful observation and reflection. Origin of Species, Variation under Domestication, Expression of Emotion in Man and Animals, Descent of Man, Insectivorous Plants, and Movements in Plants are his chief works.See Atlantic Monthly, June, 1882; Century Mag., Jan., 1883.Pub. Apl.

Darwin, Erasmus.1731–1802. Grandfather to C. D. Poet and physician. Author of The Botanic Garden, a hard, metallic poem of a scientific cast, polished and elaborated to excess.See Miss Seward's Memoirs of; Craik's Eng. Lit., vol. 2; Krause's Life of.

Davenant, Sir Wm.1605–1688. Dramatist. D. wrote 25 comedies and tragedies, and the long and feeble heroic poem Gondibert.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 2.

Davies, Sir John.1570–1626. Poet. Author of Nosce Teipsum, a poem on the immortality of the soul, of great power and beauty, and a poetical treatise on dancing, entitled Orchestra.See Grosart's complete edition, 1876.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.

Davy, Sir Humphrey.1778–1829. Chemist. Author Researches Chemical and Philosophical, Elements of Chemical Philosophy, Consolations of Travel, etc.See Life and Works of, by John Davy, 9 vols., London, 1840.Pub. Rob.

Day, Thomas.1748–1789. Author of the famous juvenile tale Sandford and Merton.Pub. Har. Hou. Rob.

Defoe, Daniel.1661–1731. Political writer and novelist. His stories form the link connecting the tales and romances of the 17th cent. with the novel of the 18th. Moll Flanders, Capt. Singleton, and Robinson Crusoe are among his chief works. Style lively, rapid, and realistic.See Oxford edition, 20 vols., 1840.See Life, by Lee, 3 vols.; also, Defoe, by Wm. Minto, in Eng. Men of Letters.

Dekker, Thomas.c. 1570–1641. Dramatist. Author Satiriomastix, etc. D. wrote mainly with other dramatists, but so far as his separate work can be traced, it shows tenderness and pathos.See Eng. edition of Dekker, 1873.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 2.

De la Rame[deh-lä-rä-mā´],Louisa, "Ouida." 1840 ——. Novelist. Author of Strathmore, Moths, Bebée, Wanda, etc. An entertaining, sprightly writer, of much genius, whose works are of a doubtful moral tendency.Pub. Lip.

De Morgan, Augustus.1806–1871. Mathematician. Author Essays on Probabilities, Formal Logic, Paradoxes and Problems, etc.

Denham, Sir John.1615–1668. Poet. His poem Cooper's Hill shows fine descriptive powers.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 2.

Dennis, John.1657–1734. Dramatist and critic. Author of A Plot and No Plot, Appius and Virginia,The Usefulness of the Stage, The Grounds of Criticism, etc.

De Quincey, Thomas.1785–1859. Critic and essayist. A great master of Eng. prose. He possessed great acuteness and fine descriptive powers, but lacked creative ability. Confessions of an Opium-Eater and Murder Considered as one of the Fine Arts are two of the best examples of his style.See Page's Life of, 1877; Biographical Sketches by H. Martineau.Pub. Hou.

Derby, Earl of.See Stanley, Edward G. S.

De Redcliffe, Lord Stratford.1788–1880. Poet and theologian.

De Vere, Sir Aubrey.1788–1846. Irish poet. Author Julian the Apostate, etc.

De Vere, Aubrey Thos.1814 ——. Irish poet. Son to preceding. Author May Carols, Irish Odes, The Sisters, etc. His verse is pleasing, and possesses merit.

De Vere, Edward.Earl of Oxford. 1545–1604. Poet.

Dibdin, Charles.1745–1814. Poet and miscellaneous writer. Author of a complete Hist. of the Eng. Stage, but best known by his naval songs, over 1200 in number.For the latter, see Hogarth's edition, 1843.

Dibdin, Thos.1771–1841. Son to C. D. A prolific song-writer and playwright. Author of a Metrical Hist. of England, etc.

Dibdin, Thos. Frognall.1776–1847. Bibliographer. Neph. to C. D. Author Bibliomania, Typographical Antiquities of Gt. Britain, Bibliographical Decameron, etc.

Dicey, Edward Stephen.1832 ——. Journalist. Author Memoir of Cavour, Rome in 1860, The Schleswig-Holstein War, etc.

Dick, Thomas.1772–1857. Scotch writer. The Christian Philosopher is his best known work.Pub. Har. Clx. Phi.

Dickens, Charles.1812–1870. Novelist. Author of some 30 novels and tales, all bearing marks of genius and originality. He is widely read and admired, and his novels delight readers of all ages. His principal faults consist in elaborating and dwelling on the grotesque and unattractive side of humanity, and in overstraining the pathetic portions of his novels. Pickwick Papers, Nicholas Nickleby, Tale of Two Cities, David Copperfield, Oliver Twist, and the Christmas Carol are among the best of his works.See Fields's Yesterdays with Authors, and Lives by Forster and Mackenzie.Pub. Apt. Est. Har. Hou. Le. Lip. Lit. Pet. Por. Rou. Os.

Digby, Sir Kenelm.1603–1665. Philosophical writer.

Digby, Kenelm Henry.1800 ——. Archæologist. Author Mores Catholici, The Broad Stone of Honor, etc. An industrious and careful writer.

Dilke, Chas. Wentworth.1789–1864. Critical writer of note.

Dilke, Sir Chas. Wentworth.1843 ——. Grandson to preceding. Traveler and political writer. Author Greater Britain, The Fall of Prince Florestan of Monaco, etc.Pub. Har. Lip. Mac.

Dillon, Wentworth.Earl of Roscommon. 1633–1684. Poet. Essay on Translated Verse is his chief work. Style elegant and cold.

Disraeli[diz-rā´el-ee],Benj.1805–1881. Novelist and statesman. Son to I. D. A talented and successful writer, possessed of great energy and strength of will. In his novels the leading peopleof his time are satirized. Vivian Gray, his first novel, and Endymion, his last, appeared fifty-five years apart. Others are Contarini Fleming, Henrietta Temple, Coningsby, Venetia, Tancred, and Lothair, all brilliant and showy productions.Pub. Apl. Har.

Disraeli, Isaac.1766–1848. An industrious writer of miscellaneous works, the best known being Curiosities of Lit., Calamities of Authors, Quarrels of Authors, etc.See edition of, by his son, 1850.Pub. Arm. Har. Rou.

Dixon, Wm. Hepworth.1821–1879. Historian and biographer. Author Personal Hist. of Lord Bacon, New America, Hist. of Two Queens, Her Majesty's Tower, etc.Pub. Har. Lip.

Dobell[dŏ-bell´],Sydney.1824–1874. Poet. A writer who has an honorable place among modern minor poets. Author of The Roman, Balder, etc.See Stedman's Victorian Poets; Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 4.See complete English edition, 1875; also, Life and Letters of, London, 1879.

Dobson, Austin.1840 ——. Poet and critic. Author Vignettes in Rhyme, Proverbs in Porcelain, etc. An exceedingly graceful writer, whose poems all show a cultivated imagination and much tenderness of expression. Among the best are After Sedan, The Dead Letter, and The Young Musician. Fielding, in Eng. Men of Letters, is his chief prose work.Pub. Ho.

Doddridge, Philip.1702–1751. Moralist. Author Rise and Progress of Religion in the Soul, Family Expositor, Hymns, etc. Style plain and simple.See edition of, Leeds, 1802, 10 vols.; also, Life and Correspondence, 5 vols., London, 1831, and Life, by D. A. Harsha.

Dodsley, Robert.1703–1764. Poet and publisher. Author Economy of Human Life, etc. Best known by his Collection of Old Plays.See edition by W. Carew Hazlitt, 1875.

Donne[dŏn],John.1573–1631. Poet and theologian. His versification is rugged, and his style obscure and fantastic, but his poems, both religious and amatory, contain much beauty of thought. His seven Satires are vigorous efforts.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.See Dean Alford's 6 vol. edition, 8vo, London, 1838.Pub. Hou.

Doran, John.1807–1878. Biographer. Author Lives of Queens of the House of Hanover, Monarchs Retired from Business, Hist. Court Fools, New Pictures and Old Panels, etc.Pub. Arm.

Dorset, 6th Earl of.See Sackville, Geo.

Dorset, 1st Earl of.See Sackville, Thos. See Buckhurst, Lord.

Douglas, Gawain.1474–1522. Bp. Dunkeld. Scotch poet. D. was the first metrical translator of Virgil in Gt. Britain.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.See complete Eng. edition by J. Small, 1874.

Dowden, Edward.1843 ——. Poet and Shakespearean scholar. Author Shakespeare's Mind and Art, Southey, in Eng. Men of Letters, Poems, etc.Pub. Har.

Drayton, Michael.1563–1631. Poet. His chief work is the Polyolbion, a poetical description of Britain in 100,000 lines. A far better work is the Nymphidia, an exquisitely graceful, mock heroic fairy poem.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.

Drummond, William[of Hawthornden]. 1585–1649. Scotch poet. His Sonnets are his best production.See Memoirs by Masson, 1863.Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.

Dryden, John.1631–1700. Poet and dramatist. His verse takes a wide range: in satire we have Absalom and Achitophel, MacFlecknoe, etc.; in theology, Religio Laici, Hind and Panther, etc.; in drama, some thirty plays; in translation, his Virgil; and in lyric poetry, his magnificent Ode for St. Cecilia's Day. D. had great genius, not always worthily employed. His dramas, when not stilted, are licentious, and as a satirist he is bitter, personal, and coarse.See Masson's Essays, and Lowell's Among My Books; also, Dryden, by Saintsbury, in Eng. Men of Letters.Pub. Hou. Har. Rou.

Dugdale, Sir Wm.1605–1685. Antiquary. Author Antiquities of Warwickshire, and other valuable antiquarian works.

Dunbar, Wm.1465–1530. Scotch poet. D. wrote The Thistle and Rose, The Golden Terge, etc. His witty, striking, and original genius is closely akin to that of Burns.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.

D'Urfey, Thos.1650–1723. Dramatist. Witty, but coarse and immoral.

Dutt, Toru.1856–1877. Hindu poetess. A writer of much genius. Ballads of Hindustan, and Sheafs Gleaned from French Fields, a vol. of fine Eng. translations, are her chief works.See Lit. World, June 17, 1882.

Dyce, Alexander.1798–1869. Scotch Shakespearean scholar of note.See his edition of Shakespeare, with Glossary, 1867.

Dyer, George.1755–1841. Author Hist. University of Cambridge, etc.

Dyer, John.1698–1758. Welsh poet. Author Grongar Hill, The Fleece, and Ruins of Rome. His verse is natural and unaffected.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 3.

Dyer, Thos. Henry.1804 ——. Historian. Author Hist. Modern Europe, Ancient Athens, Hist. Kings of Rome, Hist. City of Rome, and Life of Calvin.Pub. Lit.

Eadmer[ĕd´mer]. —— 1124. Bp. St. Andrews. Wrote a Latin Hist. of his Own Time.

Earle, John.1601–1655. Bp. Worcester. The reputed author of the Micosmography, a remarkable vol. of studies of character.

Eastlake, Sir Chas.1793–1865. Artist. Author Hist. Gothic Revival, Materials for a Hist. Oil Painting, etc.See Lady Eastlake's Biography of, 1870.

Eden[ē´den],Sir Fred'k Morton.1766–1809. Author of a valuable Hist. of the Laboring Classes of England, etc.

Edgeworth, Maria.1767–1849. Novelist. Author Rosamond, Castle Rackrent, Belinda, Helen, etc. Style didactic, but entertaining. Her juvenile tales are numerous and popular.See Study of Miss Edgeworth, by Mrs. Oliver, 1882.Pub. Har. Lip. Rou.

Edwards, Amelia Blandford.1831 ——. Novelist and Egyptologist. Author Barbara's History, Lord Brackenbury, etc. A writer of much talent, whose rank among Eng. novelists is a high one.See Lit. World, June 4, 1881.Pub. Har. Por. Rou.

Edwards, Mrs. Annie.18— ——. Novelist. Susan Fielding, Ought We to Visit Her? and Archie Lovell are among the best of her excellent novels.Pub. Sh.

Edwards, Matilda Betham.1836 ——. Novelist. Cousin to A. B. E. Author Doctor Jacob, Kitty, etc. Style clear and picturesque.Pub. Har. Lip. Rob.

Edwards, Richard.1523–1566. Poet. Principal author of the famous poetical collection of his day, The Paradise of Dainty Devices.

Eliot, George.See Evans, Marian.

Ellicott, Chas. John.1819 ——. Bp. Gloucester and Bristol. Theologian. Author The New Testament Commentary, Historical Lect. on the Life of Christ, etc.Pub. Arm. Dra. Dut.

Elliott, Ebenezer.1781–1849. Poet. Known as the Corn-Law Rhymer. His verse is earnest and ardent, and shows much feeling.See Life of, by Searle.See Eng. edition, 1876.

Ellis, George.1745–1815. Antiquarian of note. Best known by his valuable work, Specimens of Early Eng. Poets.

Ellis, Sir Henry.1777–1869. Antiquarian writer.

Ellis, Mrs. Sarah[Stickney]. 1812–1872. Author Women of England, Daughters of England, Wives of England, Mothers of England, etc.

Ellwood, Thos.1639–1713. Poet. Author of a dull poem entitled The Davideis.

Elphinstone[ĕl´fin-stȏn],James.1721–1809. Scotch grammarian.

Elphinstone, Mountstuart.1779–1859. Historical writer. Author Hist. of India, etc.

Elyot[ĕl´ĭ-ȏt],Sir Thos.c. 1495–1546. Moralist. Author Defence of Good Women, etc.

Emerson-Tennent, Sir James.1804–1869. Historical writer.

Erskine, Thos.1750–1823. Jurist.See Select Speeches, with Memoir by Walford, 2 vols., 8vo, London, 1870.

Etheridge, Sir George.1636–1694. Comic dramatist. Author of The Comical Revenge, She Would if She Could, etc. Style sprightly and witty.See Living Age, Apr. 30, 1881.

Evans, Marian, "George Eliot." 1820–1880. Novelist and poet. A complete list of her works comprises translations of Strauss's Life of Jesus and Feuerbach's Essence of Christianity; the novels, Scenes of Clerical Life, Adam Bede, Mill on the Floss, Silas Marner, Romola, Felix Holt, Middlemarch, and Daniel Deronda; the long poems, Spanish Gypsy, Agatha, Legend of Jubal, and How Lisa Loved the King, with a few short ones; and a vol. of essays, entitled Impressions of Theophrastus Such. The strength of her novels lies in their wonderful delineations of character, their subtle analysis of motive as acted on by circumstance, and the lofty wisdom that infuses the whole. They awaken the best impulses of humanity, and appeal to all the finer sympathies. Her style is strongly marked, often picturesque, and her descriptions clear and distinct. Her poems, though containing many beautiful passages, do not, with one or two exceptions, take a high rank. The best one is probably the famous O May I Join the Choir Invisible.See George Eliot, by Mathilde Blind; Hutton's Essays; Cent. Mag., Nov., 1881; Eclectic Mag., April, 1881; Lit. World, Feb. 24, 1883; and Galaxy Mag., June, 1869.

Evelyn, John.1620–1706. Agricultural writer. Author of Sylva Terra and a famous Diary, which accurately reflects the manners of his time.See Diary and Letters of, edited by John Forster, 1857.See London edition, 1875.

Faber Frederick William.1815–1863. Religious poet. Author of a number of beautiful and popular Hymns.Pub. Dut. Mur. Wh. Rou.

Faber, George Stanley.1773–1854. Theologian.Author of The Sacred Calendar of Prophecy, etc. Style clear and exact.

Fabyan, Robert,c. 1456–1512. Chronicler. Wrote a Concordance of Histories, which begins with Brutus and ends with his own time.

Fairfax, Edward.—— 1632. Poet. Author of a fine translation of Tasso.See Am. edition, 1855, 12mo.

Falconer[fawk´ner],Wm.1730–1769. Scotch poet. Author of The Shipwreck, a poem of considerable beauty, and a Marine Dict.See Campbell's Specimens of the Eng. Poets.Pub. Hou.

Fanshawe, Sir Richard.1608–1666. Poet. Translator of Camoens's Lusiad, and author of some graceful poems.

Faraday, Michael.1791–1867. Chemist. Author of numerous scientific works, The Chemistry of a Candle, Physical Forces, etc.See Life and Letters of, 1870, by J. Bruce Jones, Tyndall's Faraday as a Discoverer, and Life, by J. H. Gladstone.Pub. Har. Rou.

Farjeon, Benjamin Leopold.1833 ——. Novelist. Joshua Marvel, Grif, Blade-o'-Grass, London's Heart, and Bells of Penraven are among his best works. Style akin to that of Dickens.Pub. Har.

Farmer, Richard.1735–1797. Shakespearean scholar. Author Essay on the Learning of Shakespeare.

Farquhar[far´kwar or far´kär],George.1678–1707. Irish dramatist. A writer of brilliant, sparkling comedies, full of good feeling. The Beaux' Stratagem and The Recruiting Officer are the best.See his comedies edited by Leigh Hunt.See Atlantic Monthly, March, 1882.

Farrar, Frederic Wm.1831 ——. Theologian. Author Life of Christ, Eternal Hope, Life and Epistles of St. Paul, Seekers after God, etc. Of several stories by him, St. Winifred's is perhaps the best.Pub. Cas. Dut. Fu. Lip. Mac.

Fawcett, Henry.1833 ——. Writer on Political Economy. Author Free Trade and Protection, Pauperism—its Causes and Remedies, Manual of Political Economy, etc.Pub. Mac.

Fawcett, Millicent Garrett.1847 ——. Wife to H. F. Author Tales in Political Economy, Political Economy for Beginners, etc.Pub. Mac.

Feltham, Owen.c. 1608–1677. Essayist. Author Divine and Moral Resolves. Style pointed and sententious.

Fenton, Elijah.1683–1730. Poet. Assisted Pope in translating the Odyssey. His original verse is not unmusical.

Ferguson, Adam.1724–1816. Scotch historian and philosopher. Author Hist. of Civil Society, Hist. Progress and Termination of Roman Empire, etc. Style clear and scholarly.

Ferguson, James.1710–1776. Scotch philosophical and mathematical writer.

Fergusson, James.1808 ——. Scotch architectural writer of note. Author Hist. of Architecture.Pub. Lit.

Fergusson, Robert.1750–1774. Scotch poet. Author of The Farmer's Ingle, etc.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 3.

Ferrar, Nicholas.1592–1637. Religious writer.See Atlantic Monthly, Aug. 1871.

Ferrier, James.1808–1864. Scotch metaphysician. His Institutes of Metaphysics is a work of much learning and acuteness.

Ferrier, Susan Edmonstone.1782–1854. Scotchnovelist. Aunt to J. F. Author of Marriage, The Inheritance, and Destiny. Her works show much humor and are piquant in style.See Eng. edition 1841.See Temple Bar, Nov., 1878, and London Lit. World, March 31, 1882.Pub. Har. Rou.

Fielding, Henry.1707–1754. Novelist. With Richardson he founded a new school of fiction, distinguished by a careful study of character and a more truthful drawing of human nature than what had preceded. Joseph Andrews, Amelia, and Tom Jones, though stamped with the coarseness of his age, will continue to be read for their originality, wit, and acute reflections.See Thackeray's Eng. Humorists, Masson's Novelists and their Styles, and Dobson's Fielding in Eng. Men of Letters.Pub. Har. Lit. Rou.

Finlay, George.1800–1875. Scotch historian. Author Hist. Greece under the Romans, Hist. Byzantine and Greek Empires, Hist. Greece under Ottoman and Venetian Dominion, and Hist. of the Greek Revolution. A standard authority.Pub. Mac.

Fisher, Edward.1620–1660. Welsh theologian. Author of a noted controversial work called The Marrow of Modern Divinity.

Fitzgerald, Edward.1808–1883. Translator of note. Author of scholarly translations of Omar Khayyam, Calderon, and Æschylus.

Fitzgerald, Percy.1834 ——. Novelist and littérateur. Author Romance of the English Stage, etc.

Fitzgerald, Wm.1814 ——. Bp. Killaloe. Theologian. Author Holy Scripture, The Ultimate Rule of Faith, Life of Butler, etc.

Flamsteed, John.1646–1719. Astronomical writer.

Fletcher, Sir Andrew[of Saltoun]. 1663–1716. Political writer.See Erskine's Life of, 1792.

Fletcher, Giles.1588–1623. Poet. Bro. to P. F. and cousin to J. F. Author Christ's Victory and Triumph, a long poem in 8-line stanzas.See Works edited by Grosart, 1876.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 2.

Fletcher, John.1576–1625. Dramatist. Colleague of Beaumont. Among plays attributed solely to F. are Rule a Wife and Have a Wife, Beggar's Bush, and the exquisite pastoral drama The Faithful Shepherdess. He wrote, also, portions of Shakespeare's Two Noble Kinsmen and Henry VIII., perhaps his finest effort being the famous Wolsey Soliloquy in the latter. See Beaumont, F.See Dyce's edition, 1843.See Lamb's Specimens of the Dramatic Poets, Schlegel's Dramatic Lit., and Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 2.

Fletcher, Mrs. Maria Jane.[Jewsbury.] 1800–1833. Poet.

Fletcher, Phineas.1584–1650. Poet. Bro. to G. F. and cousin to J. F. F. wrote a long and curious allegorical and anatomical poem, The Purple Island. The subject, fantastically and minutely treated, is the human body.See Southey's Early Eng. Poets.

Florio, John.1545–1625. Grammarian.

Fonblanque[fŏn-blănk´],Albany.1797–1872. Journalist. Author England under Seven Administrations.See Life and Labors of, 1874.

Foote, Samuel.1721–1777. Comic dramatist. The Liar and one or two other farces of his still keep the stage.See Fosters Essays and Life by Coke, 1805.

Forbes, Alexander Penrose.1817–1875. Bp. Brechin.Theologian. Author Explanation of the Thirty-Nine Articles, etc.See Memoir, 1876.Pub. Dut.

Forbes, Archibald.1838 ——. Scotch journalist. Author Soldiering and Scribbling, Glimpses through the Cannon Smoke, etc.Pub. Osg. Rou.

Forbes, James David.1809–1868. Scientist. Author Theory of Glaciers, etc.See Life and Letters of by John C. Shairp, 1873.

Ford, John.1586–1639. Dramatist. His plays all deal with unhappy love, but are powerful though morbid. The Broken Heart, his best work, is a masterpiece of pathos. His style possesses great beauty.See Moxon's edition Old Eng. Dramatists, and Swinburne's Essays and Studies.

Forrester, Mrs.18— ——. Novelist. Author Dolores, Diana Carew, Mignon, etc.Pub. Lip.

Forster, John.1812–1876. Essayist and biographer. Author lives of Dickens, Goldsmith, Landor, Swift, Statesmen of the Commonwealth of Eng., etc.Pub. Apl. Har. Lip.

Fortescue, Sir John.c. 1395–1485. Legal writer. De Laudibus Legum Angliæ.

Foster, John.1770–1843. Essayist. His style has both vigor and beauty.Pub. Ca.

Fothergill, Jessie.18— ——. Novelist. Author The First Violin, Kith and Kin, One of Three, etc.Pub. Ho.

Fox, Chas. James.1749–1806. Orator and historian.See edition of his Speeches, 6 vols., London, 1815, and Life, by Geo. O. Trevelyan.

Fox, George.1624–1690. Theological writer. Founder of the Society of Friends.See Life, by S. M. Janney.

Fox, John.1517–1587. Martyrologist. Author of the famous Book of Martyrs.Pub. Cas. Clx.

Francillon, R. E.1841 ——. Novelist. Author Under Slieve Ban, Rare Good Luck, Queen Cophetua, etc.Pub. Apl. Ho.

Francis, Sir Philip.1740–1818. Political writer. Supposed author of the famous Junius Letters, a series of powerful political tracts.See Junius, Johnson's Cyc.Pub. Rou.

Fraser, James Baillie.1783–1856. Novelist and traveller. Author of The Kuzzilbash, Hist. Persia, etc.See Chambers Cyc. Eng. Lit., vol. 2.

Freeman, Edward Augustus.1823 ——. Historian. Author Hist. Norman Conquest, Wm. Rufus and Henry First, Hist. Architecture, Unity of Hist., etc. An eminently thorough, accurate writer, whose Norman Conquest is one of the most important of English histories. Style animated and scholarly.Pub. Ho. Mac.

Fremantle, Wm. Henry.1831 ——. Theologian. Author The Gospel of the Secular Life, Bampton Lect. 1883, etc.Pub. Scr.

Freer, Martha Walker.1822 ——. Historian. Author Life of Marguerite of Navarre, Life of Henry III. of France, etc.

Frere[freer],John Hookham.1769–1846. Poet. A writer of merit in translation and in original verse.See Eng. edition of, 2 vols., London, 1872.

Friswell, James Hain.1827–1878. Essayist. Author Familiar Words, The Gentle Life, Francis Spira and other Poems, etc.Pub. Por.

Froude[frood],James Anthony.1818 ——. Historian and essayist. Author Hist. of England, The English in Ireland, Short Studies on Great Subjects, The Nemesis of Faith, etc. His historical portraits are brilliant and his historical grouping dramatic, but his judgments of men and motivesare open to criticism. All his works show great labor and research.Pub. Har. Scr.

Froude, Richard Hurrel.1803–1836. Bro. to J. A. F. Religious writer.See Remains of, 4 vols., London, 1838.

Fuller, Thomas.1608–1661. Historian and biographer. Author Ch. Hist., Hist. of Worthies of England, Sermons, Holy State, etc. A quaint, humorous, original writer of great eminence in his own day and still read with pleasure.See Life, by Russell, 1844.Pub. Dut. Mac.

Fullerton, Lady Georgiana.1812 ——. Novelist. Grantley Manor, Constance Sherwood, Too Strange Not to be True, and Lady Bird, are some of her works.Pub. Apl. Cath. Pi.

Furnivall, Fred'k James.1825 ——. Shakespearean scholar. Editor of the Leopold Shakespeare.

Fyffe, Chas. Alan.1845 ——. Historian. Author Modern Europe, Hist. Greece in Appleton's Hist. Primers, etc.Pub. Apl. Ho.

Gale, Theophilus.1628–1678. Theologian. Author of The Court of the Gentiles.

Galt, John.1779–1839. Scotch novelist. Author Annals of a Parish, Ayrshire Legatees, Life Lord Byron, etc. A prolific writer who has carefully drawn Scotch provincial and peasant life.See Autobiography, 1834.Pub. Har.

Gardiner, Sam'l Rawson.1829 ——. Historian. Author of The 30 Years' War, 1618–1648. Eng. Hist. for Students, etc.Pub. Ho.

Garrett, Edward.See Mayo, Mrs. Isabella.

Garrick, David.1716–1779. Dramatist. Author Lying Valet, Miss In her Teens, etc.See Life, by Percy Fitzgerald, 1872.

Garth, Samuel.1672–1719. Poet and physician. His mock epic, The Dispensary, is a feeble work.See Ward's English Poets, vol. 3.

Gascoigne, Mrs. Caroline Leigh.1813 ——. Novelist and poet. Author Doctor Harold, etc.

Gascoigne, George.1530–1577. Poet. The Steel Glass his chief work.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.

Gaskell, Mrs. Elizabeth Cleghorn.1810–1865. Novelist and biographer. Author of Ruth, Sylvia's Lovers, Wives and Daughters, Mary Barton, etc. Her books are earnest and well written; Cranford, in fact, is almost a classic work, and her Life of Charlotte Brontë is a much-admired biography.See Lit. World, July 1, 1882.Pub. Apl. Har.

Gast, John.1715–1788. Irish historian.

Gatty, Alfred.1813 ——. Author The Vicar and His Duties, Study of In Memoriam, etc.

Gatty, Mrs. Margaret.1809–1873. Wife to A. G. Author Parables from Nature, The Fairy Godmother, Proverbs Illustrated, Aunt Judy's Tales, etc.Pub. Ca. Put.

Gauden, John.1605–1664. Bp. Worcester. His Ikōn Basilikē professed to be the work of Charles I., of whose sufferings it was an account, and its true authorship has occasioned much controversy.

Gay, John.1688–1732. Poet and dramatist. G. wrote The Beggar's Opera, a famous musical drama, and numerous other works.See edition of his Poems, London, 1806.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 3, and Gay's Fables edited by Austin Dobson.Pub. Apl.

Gell[jĕl],Sir Wm.1777–1836. Archæologist. Author Topography of Rome, etc.

Geoffrey[jĕf´rĭ]of Dunstable.—— 1146. Author of a miracle play of St. Catherine 1110, usually considered the first dramatic work in any modern language.

Geoffrey of Monmouth.c. 1100–1154. Bp. St. Asaph, Anglo-Saxon Chronicler.

Gibbon, Edward.1737–1794. Historian. Author of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire; a masterly work, artistically conceived and carried out, with great research and careful detail. See Milman's edition, 1845.See Autobiography edited by Milman, 1839.Pub. Har. Por.

Gifford, Wm.1757–1826. Critic and reviewer. G. wrote the Baviad and Mæviad, two sharp literary satires, and as editor of the Quarterly Review was author of many bitter, satirical reviews.See Hazlitt's Spirit of the Age.

Gilbert, Wm.1540–1603. Philosophical writer. Author De Magnete.

Gilbert, Wm.18— ——. Novelist. Author De Profundis, etc.

Gilbert, Wm. Schevenck.1836 ——. Dramatist and humorous poet; son to preceding. Author of The Bab Ballads, Original Plays, and of the librettos of Pinafore, Pirates of Penzance, The Sorcerer, Patience, Iolanthe, etc.See Scribner's Mag., Sept. 1879.Pub. Por. Rou. Scr.

Gilchrist, Alexander.1827–1861. Biographer and art writer. Author lives of Blake and Etty.

Gildas.fl. c. 510. Anglo-Latin Chronicler.See Stevenson's edition, London, 1838.

Gilfillan, George.1813–1878. Scotch miscellaneous writer. Author Gallery of Literary Portraits, Life of Walter Scott, Bards of the Bible, etc.Pub. Har.

Gilfillan, Robert.c. 1798–1850. Scotch poet.

Gillies, John.1747–1836. Scotch historian. Author Hist. Ancient Greece, etc.

Gilpin, John.1724–1804. Critic and biographer. Author Life of Bernard Gilpin, etc.

Giraldus, Cambrensis.1147–1216. Welsh historian and poet.

Girdlestone, Chas.1797–1881. Religious writer. Author Concordance to the Prayer-Book, etc.

Gladstone, Wm. Ewart.1809 ——. Statesman and essayist. Author of Juventus Mundi, Homeric Studies, The Vatican Decrees, etc. Style polished and able.See Sketch of, by H. W. Lucy, Short Life of, by C. H. Jones, and Life, by Geo. Barnett Smith.Also Harper's Mag., April, 1882.Pub. Apl. Har. Scr.

Gloucester[glŏs-ter],Robert of.fl. c. 1280. Rhyming chronicler.

Glover, Richard.1712–1785. Poet. Author of Leonidas, an epic, Hosier's Ghost, etc.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 3.

Godwin, Mrs. Mary Wollstonecraft.1759–1797. Wife to W. G. Author Vindication of the Rights of Women, etc. Style bold and able.See Atlantic Monthly, Dec. 1880.

Godwin, Wm.1756–1836. Philosopher and novelist. Author Caleb Williams, St. Leon, Cloudesly, Answer to Malthus, Political Justice, etc.See Life, by Kegan Paul, 1876, and Leslie Stephen's Hours in a Library.Pub. Har.

Goldsmith, Oliver.1728–1774. Irish poet and novelist. A writer of great delicacy and purity of sentiment, possessing a simple, delightful style. His poems, The Deserted Village and The Traveller, are charming pieces of description; his comedies, The Good-Natured Man and She Stoops to Conquer,are bright and sparkling, the latter being perennially fresh; and his novel, The Vicar of Wakefield, is an Eng. classic.See Lives, by Prior, Forster, W. Irving, and Goldsmith by Wm. Black in Eng. Men of Letters.See Select Poems of, edited by W.J. Rolfe.Pub. Clx. Har.

Good, John Mason.1764–1827. Physician and miscellaneous writer. Author Study of Medicine, The Book of Nature, Medical Technology, etc.Pub. Har.

Gordon, George, Lord Byron.1788–1824. Childe Harold, Prisoner of Chillon, and Don Juan are his finest poems. A writer of great power and strong personality, whose talent was warped by license and self-will. Don Juan, his most brilliant poem, sins deeply against morality. Manfred, The Giaour, and Lara are striking poems.See Lives by Galt, Moore, E. Brydges, Lake, and Elze; also, Byron, by Nichols, in Eng. Men of Letters, and the Real Lord Byron by J. C. Jeaffreson.See Quarterly Rev., July, 1868, and prefaces to respective editions by Wm. Rossetti and A. C. Swinburne.

Gore, Mrs. Catherine Grace.1799–1861. Novelist. A prolific writer of society tales. Author of The Cabinet Minister, The Royal Favorite, etc.Pub. Har.

Gosse, Edmund W.1849 ——. Poet and critic. Son to P. H. G. Author of Viol and Flute, King Erik, New Poems, Grey in Eng. Men of Letters, etc. A lyrist of much merit.See Harper's Mag. May, 1882, "Some London Poets."Pub. Har. Ho.

Gosse, Philip Henry.1810 ——. Zoölogist. Author Romance of Natural Hist., Marine Zoölogy, Evenings with the Microscope, etc.Pub. Apl. A. T. S. Lip.

Goulbourn, Edward Meyrick.1818 ——. Religious writer. Author Thoughts on Personal Religion, The Holy Catholic Ch., Pursuit of Holiness, etc.Pub. Apl.

Gould, Baring.See Baring-Gould.

Gower, John.1350–1402. Poet. G. wrote the Speculum Meditantis, in French, Vox Clamantis, in Latin, and Confessio Amantis in Eng.See edition, 3 vols. 8vo, London, 1857.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1; also Rolfe's edition of Pericles.

Græme[grām],John.1748–1772. Scotch poet.

Graham, Ennis.See Molesworth, Mrs.

Grahame, James.1765–1811. Scotch poet. Author of The Sabbath, etc.

Grahame, James, Marquis of Montrose.1612–1650. Lyric poet. Author of the famous lyric My Dear and Only Love.See Biographies by Napier, 1856, and Grant, 1858.

Grahame, James.1790–1842. Scotch historian. Author Hist. U. S., etc. Style dignified and impartial.

Granger, James.1716–1766. Historian. Author Biographical Hist. of England.

Grant, Mrs. Anne[of Laggan]. 1755–1838. Scotch poet and miscellaneous writer. Author Memoirs of an American Lady 1808, etc.See Memoirs and Correspondence of, 3 vols., 1844.Pub. Mu.

Grant, James.1806 ——. Journalist. Author of The Bench and the Bar, Sketches in London, etc.

Grant, James.1822 ——. Scotch novelist. Author Hist. of India, and a long list of novels which do not take a very high rank.Pub. Cas. Rou.

Grattan, Thos. Colley.1796–1864. Irish novelist and poet. Author Highways and Byways, Hist. of the Netherlands, etc.Pub. Har.

Gray, David.1831–1861. Scotch poet. Author of The Luggie, etc.See H. G. Bell's edition, 1874.See R. Buchanan's David Gray and Other Essays, 1868.

Gray, Thomas.1716–1771. Poet. Author of The Bard, Progress of Poesy, Elegy in a Country Churchyard, etc. A writer of much refinement of expression and quiet sentiment. The calm beauty of the Elegy has made it one of the most popular of Eng. poems.See Gray, by E. W. Gosse, in Eng. Men of Letters, Mason's Biog., 1778, and Selected Poems of, edited by W. J. Rolfe.

Green, John Richard.1837–1883. Historian. Author Short Hist. of the Eng. People, The Making of England, Stray Studies, Hist. of the Eng. People, etc. A picturesque, accurate writer, with great originality and clearness of style.See N. Y. Nation, March 29, 1883, Contemporary Rev., May, 1883, Journal of Education, June, 1883, British Quarterly Rev., July, 1883, and Fortnightly Rev., May, 1883.Pub. Apl. Har. Mac.

Green, Matthew.1696–1737. Poet. The author of a curious reflective poem called The Spleen.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 3.

Greene, Robert.1560–1592. Dramatist. A prolific writer of humorous plays, but now best known by his confession entitled Greene's Groat's Worth of Wit bought with a Million of Repentance.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.

Greenwell, Dora.1821–1882. Poet and miscellaneous writer. Author Stories That Might be True, The Patience of Hope, John Woolman, Camera Obscura, A Present Heaven, etc.Pub. Dut.

Greg, Wm. Rathbone.1812–1881. Essayist. Author of Rocks Ahead, Enigmas of Life, Literaryand Social Judgments, Creed of Christendom, etc., works of a thoughtful, pessimistic cast.See Macmillan's Mag., June, 1883.Pub. Ho.

Grenville, George, Lord Nugent.1788–1850. Author Memorials of Hampden, Lands Classical and Lay, etc.

Greville, Sir Fulke, Lord Brooke.1554–1628. Poet and philosopher. Author Life of Sydney, etc.See Grosart's edition of, 1870.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.

Griffin, Gerald.1803–1840. Irish poet and novelist. Author of The Collegians, etc.See complete Eng. edition by Griffin, 1857.Pub. Rou. Sad.

Grindon, Leopold Hartley.1818 ——. Author Life—its Nature, Varieties, and Phenomena, The Shakespeare Flora, etc.Pub. Lip.

Grosseteste[grōs-test],Robert.c. 1175–1253. Bp. London. Anglo-Norman poet.

Grote, George.1794–1871. Historian. Best known by his Hist. of Greece, a standard work.See Life, by Mrs. Grote, 1873.Pub. Har. Lit.

Grove, George.1820 ——. Musical critic. Author Dict. of Music and Musicians, etc.Pub. Mac.

Guest, Lady Charlotte.See Schreiber, Lady Charlotte.

Gunter, Edmund.1581–1626. Mathematical writer. Inventor of the terms co-sine, co-tangent, etc. The phrase "according to Gunter" arose from his scale of measurement being the standard one.

Gurney, Joseph John.1788–1847. Philanthropist. Author Notes on Prison Discipline, and numerous religious works.Pub. Lip.

Guthrie[gŭth´rĭ],Thomas.1803–1873. Scotch philanthropist. Author Plea for Ragged Schools, Man and the Gospel, Out of Harness, etc.See Life, 1873.Pub. Ca.

Guthrie, Wm.1708–1770. Scotch historian. Author Hist. of England, Hist. of Scotland, etc. His works have been entirely superseded by later authorities.

Habington, Wm.1605–1654. Poet. An ingenious writer of love poems.See Eng. edition by Arber, 1870.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 2.

Hailes, Lord.See Dalrymple, Sir D.

Hakluyt[hăk´loot],Richard.1553–1616. Chronicler and geographer. Hakluyt's Voyages is an important collection of narratives of earlier or contemporary voyages.See edition of, 5 vols. 4to, London, 1809–12.

Hale, Sir Matthew.1609–1676. Moral and religious writer.See Life by Burnet in Wordsworth's Ecclesiastical Biog.

Hales, John.1584–1656. Polemical writer. Styled "The Ever Memorable." Chiefly noted for his Golden Remains.See Life by Des Maizeaux.

Hales, Stephen.1677–1761. One of the earliest writers on vegetable physiology.

Hales, Wm.1769–1831. Irish theologian.

Haliburton, Thos. Chandler.1805–1865. Nova Scotian humorist. Author Sam Slick, etc.Pub. Di. Har. Hou. Rou.

Halifax, Earl of.See Montagu, Chas.

Halifax, Marquess.See Saville, George.

Hall, Mrs. Anna Maria.1805–1881. Wife to S. C. H. Irish novelist and miscellaneous writer. Author Sketches of Irish Character, The Outlaw, The Whiteboy, etc.Pub. Har.

Hall, Basil.1798–1844. Scotch writer of travels.

Hall, Edward.—— 1547. Chronicler. A minute and valuable writer.

Hall, Joseph.1547–1676. Bp. Norwich. Theologian and satirist. Sometimes styled the founder of Eng. satire. A vivacious and excellent writer.See edition 1837. See Hannay's Satire and Satirists, and Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.

Hall, Newman,1816 ——. Congregationalist religious writer. Author Come to Jesus, The Forum and the Vatican, etc.Pub. Phi. Sh.

Hall, Robert.1764–1831. Baptist religious writer. Author Sermons on Modern Infidelity, Reflections on War, etc. Style scholarly, eloquent, and refined.See Works of, with Memoir, by O. Gregory, 6 vols., London; also, Biog. by J. W. Morris, 1846, and Life by Paxton Hood.

Hall, Samuel Carter.1801 ——. Miscellaneous writer. Author The Stately Homes of England, Book of Memories, Retrospect of a Long Life, etc.Pub. Apl.

Hallam, Arthur Henry.1811–1833. Poet and essayist. Son to H. H. A young writer whose loss inspired Tennyson's In Memoriam.See Remains, with Life, by his father, 1834; Remains in Verse and Prose, 1862. See Life, by Dr. John Brown; also, Atlantic Monthly, Dec. 1860.

Hallam, Henry.1777–1859. Historian and critic. Author Hist. Middle Ages, Constitutional Hist. England, Lit. of Europe, etc. An impartial writer whose works are of great value, but whose style lacks animation and freshness.See H. Martineau's Biographical Sketches.Pub. Arm. Har. Lit.

Halliwell-Phillips, James Orchard.1820 ——. Shakespearean scholar. Editor of Shakespeare, 16 vols. folio, 1865. Author Dict. Archaic Words, Life of Shakespeare, Last Days of Shakespeare, etc.

Hamerton[hăm´er-ton],Philip Gilbert.1834 ——. Art Critic. Author Thoughts on Art, A Painter's Camp, The Unknown River, The Intellectual Life, etc. A writer of authority in his department. Style graceful and refined.Pub. Mac. Rob.

Hamilton, Mrs. Elizabeth.1758–1816. Scotch writer. Best known by her Letters of a Hindoo Rajah and The Cottagers of Glenburnie.See Chambers' Cyc. Eng. Lit.

Hamilton, Sir Wm.1788–1856. Scotch metaphysician. Author Discussions on Philosophy, etc. His clear, dignified style is much admired.Pub. Apl.

Hannay, James.1827–1873. Novelist and miscellaneous writer. Author Singleton Fontenoy, Studies on Thackeray, etc.Pub. Har. Rou.

Hardy, Thomas.1840 ——. Novelist. Author Far From the Madding Crowd, The Return of the Native, A Pair of Blue Eyes, Two on a Tower, etc. A novelist of high rank. His character-drawing is sharp and incisive, his studies of peasant life truthful and sympathetic, and his descriptive passages masterly.Pub. Ho.

Hare, Augustus Julius Charles.1834 ——. Neph. to J. C. H. and A. W. H. Author Walks in London, Walks in Rome, Days Near Rome, Memorials of a Quiet Life, etc.Pub. Por. Ran. Rou.

Hare, Augustus Wm.1793–1834. Author Alton Sermons, etc.Pub. Ran. Rou.

Hare, Francis.1688–1740. Bp. Chichester. Controversial writer.

Hare, Julius Chas.1796–1855. Bro. to A. W. H., and with him author of Guesses at Truth. Author Life of Sterling, Victory of Faith, etc.Pub. Dut. Mac.

Harrington, James.1611–1677. Political philosopher. Author of The Oceana.

Harrington, John.1534–1582. Poet.See Hannah's Courtly Poets.

Harrington, Sir John.1561–1612. Poet. Son to preceding. First English translator of Ariosto.

Harrison, Frederic.1831 ——. Positivist and philosopher. Author Order and Progress, The Meaning of History, etc., and translator of Comte's Social Statics.

Hartley, David.1705–1757. Philosopher. Observations on Man his chief work.

Harvey, Gabriel.1545–1637. Poet. One of the first to write English hexameter.

Harvey, Wm.1578–1657. Physician. Discoverer of the circulation of the blood.See Works of, edited by the Sydenham Society, London, 1847.

Havergal, Frances Ridley.1836–1879. Author of much devotional verse.Pub. Dut. Ran.

Haweis[hoys],Hugh Reginald.1838 ——. Religious and miscellaneous writer. Author Thoughts for the Times, Speech in Season, Current Coin, Arrows in the Air, Poets in the Pulpit, Unsectarian Family Prayer, Music and Morals, Pet, or Pastimes and Penalties, Ashes to Ashes, and My Musical Life.Pub. Har. Ho.

Haweis, Mrs. Mary Eliza[Joy]. 1852 ——. Wife to H. R. H. Author Chaucer for Children, Chaucer for Schools, Chaucer's Beads, The Art of Beauty, The Art of Dress, The Art of Decoration, and Beautiful Houses. The illustrations and cover designs of her own and her husband's works are by Mrs. Haweis.Pub. Har.

Hay, Mary Cecil.1844 ——. Novelist. Author of Old Myddleton's Money, The Arundel Motto, The Squire's Legacy, etc.Pub. Har.

Hayley, Wm.1745–1820. Poet. Of mediocre ability, but once very popular. Author Life Wm. Cowper, etc.See Autobiography, 1823.

Hayward, Mrs. Eliza.1693–1756. Author of The New Utopia, The Female Spectator, etc. A voluminous writer of miscellaneous works of slight merit.

Hazlitt, Wm.1778–1830. Critical essayist. Author Table-Talk, Lect. on Shakespeare, Lect. on the Eng. Poets, etc. His criticisms on art and the drama are of high order. His style is picturesque and his imagination rich, but his works are sometimes deficient in moderation and judgment.See Life of, by his grandson, 1867.Pub. Lip.

Hazlitt, Wm. Carew.1843 ——. Grandson to W. H. Littérateur. Author Hist. Venetian Republic, Memoirs Wm. Hazlitt, Handbook to Early Eng. Lit. etc.

Head, Sir Francis Bond.1793–1875. Miscellaneous writer. Among his numerous works Bubbles from the Brunnen of Nassau is one of the best known.Pub. Har.

Heber, Reginald.1783–1826. Poet. Bp. Calcutta. A talented writer, best known by his hymns, viz.: The Missionary Hymn, Holy, Holy, Holy, and Epiphany.See Life, by Mrs. Heber, 1830.Last Days of Heber, by Robinson, and Memoirs by Potter and Taylor.

Hector, Mrs. Annie Alexander. "Mrs. Alexander."1825 ——. Irish novelist. Author of The Wooing O't, Her Dearest Foe, The Freres, The Admiral's Ward, Which Shall It Be, etc. Style fresh, healthful, and pleasing.Pub. Ho.

Helps, Sir Arthur.1818–1875. Historian and essayist. Author Hist. of the Spanish Conquest inAmerica, Realmah, Casimir, Maremma, etc. His style is quiet and graceful, and Friends in Council, his best work, is strong and helpful.Pub. Har. Rob. Rou.

Hemans[hĕm´anz],Mrs. Felicia Dorothea.1793–1835. Poet. Without possessing great force some of her poems have yet taken a firm hold upon popular sympathies. Casabianca, Graves of a Household, and The Pilgrim Fathers are examples. Her verse is graceful and sweet, but not strong.See Memorials of, by H. F. Chorley, 1836.Pub. Lip. Por. Rou.

Henry VIII.1491–1547. Author of controversial, anti-Lutheran treatises.See Brewer's edition of, 1862.

Henry, Matthew.1662–1714. Theologian. Author of a noted Exposition of the Bible, of which the best edition is that of London, 1869.See Lives by Tony and Williams.Pub. Ca.

Henry, Robert.1718–1790. Scotch historian. His Hist. of Gt. Britain was the first to take account of manners and the state of society from a purely historical basis.

Henryson, Robert.fl. c. 1490. Scotch poet. H. wrote the beautiful pastoral of Robin and Makyne, found in Percy's Reliques.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.

Herbert, Lord Edward.1581–1648. Historian and theologian. His De Veritate is a plea for Deism. Style dignified and able.See Autobiography, edited by W. D. Howells.Pub. Hou.See Lord Herbert de Cherbury by Chas. de Rémusat, Paris, 1874.

Herbert, George.1593–1632. Religious poet. Bro. to preceding. Author of The Temple. His verseis elevated in tone, but marred by quaint and fantastic conceits.See Lives, by Walton, 1670, and Duyckinck, 1858.See Grosart's edition, with Memoir, 1875.

Herbert, Wm.1778–1847. Poet. Author of some spirited translations from the Norse and other tongues, and of some excellent original poems.

Herrick, Robert.1591–1674. Poet. Author of Hesperides, etc. A skillful lyrist whose airy gracefulness will always continue to delight.See Grosart's complete edition of, 1877; also, Abbey's Illustrated Selections from, 1882.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 2, and Temple Bar, May, 1883.

Herschel, Caroline Lucretia.1750–1840. Astronomer. Author Catalogue of Stars.See Life and Correspondence of, 1876.Pub. Apl.

Herschel, Sir John Frederick Wm.1792–1871. Astronomer. Neph. to C. L. H. Author Study of Nat. Philosophy, Outlines of Astronomy, Physical Geography, etc.Pub. Apl. Har. Rou.

Hervey, Lord John.1696–1743. Author Memoirs Reign of George II.See edition of, 1848, with Life by J. W. Croker.

Hervey, James.1714–1758. Moralist. Author Meditations, etc.Pub. Ca.

Heylin, Peter.1600–1662. Microcosmus is his most noted work.

Heywood, Jasper.1535–1598. Son to J. H. Author of rhymed translations of Seneca.

Heywood, John.1506–1565. Dramatist. Writer of grotesque Interludes.

Heywood, Thomas.—— 1640. Dramatist. Was a frequent colleague of other dramatists, and a writer of much talent, with a tender, graceful style.See complete edition of, London, 1874, 6 vols.

Hoadley, Benj.1670–1761. Bp. Winchester. Theological writer.

Hoadley, Benj.1706–1757. Dramatist. Son to preceding.

Hobbes, Thos.1588–1679. Philosopher. A profound thinker, whose Leviathan, a treatise on monarchical government, is his best known work.See Molesworth's complete edition of, 16 vols., London, 1845.

Hogg, James.1770–1835. Scotch poet. Called "The Ettrick Shepherd." Author of The Queen's Wake, etc. Style diffuse, but graceful and imaginative.See Collected Works, 1869.

Holcroft, Thomas.1745–1809. Dramatist. Best known by his novel The Marriage of Figaro, and his famous comedy The Road to Ruin.See Memoirs, edited by Hazlitt, 1816.

Holinshed, Raphael.—— c. 1580. Chronicler. From him Shakespeare drew in part the stories of Cymbeline, Henry VI., Richard II., Richard III., Henry IV., Henry V., Macbeth, Lear, and Henry VIII.

Holyoake, George Jacob.1817 ——. Writer on social science. Author of The Logic of Facts, Hist. of Coöperation in England, etc.Pub. Lip.

Home, Henry, Lord Kames.1696–1782. Scotch philosopher. Author Elements of Criticism, etc.See Life, by A. F. Tytler.Pub. Por. Sh.

Home, John.1724–1808. Dramatist. H. wrote the once popular play Douglas, which contains the famous lines, "My name is Norval," etc.See complete works of, with Life, by Mackenzie, 3 vols., 8vo, Edinburgh, 1822.

Hone, Wm.1779–1842. Satirist. Chiefly known by his compilations; as, The Every-Day Book, The Table-Book, etc.

Hood, Edwin Paxton.1820 ——. Biographer. Author Lives of Wordsworth and Swedenborg, The Uses of Biography, etc.Pub. Arm. Do. Lip.

Hood, Thomas.1798–1845. Poet and humorist. A writer whose fame as a wit has overshadowed his merits as a poet. His style, when not professedly humorous, is tender and graceful. For moral earnestness The Bridge of Sighs and The Song of the Shirt cannot be surpassed.See E. P. Sargent's edition, Pub. Apl.; also, F. J. Child's edition.Pub. Dut. Hon. Por. Put. Rou.

Hood, Thomas.1835–1875. Miscellaneous writer. Son to preceding. Author of The Rhymster, etc.

Hook, Theodore Edward.1788–1842. A writer of novels of fashion, inartistic in form, but full of humor. His power of extempore verse-making was remarkable.See Life, by Barham, 1848.Pub. Rou.

Hook, Walter Farquhar.1798–1875. Neph. to T. E. H. Author Lives Abps. Cant., Ecclesiastical Biog., Ch. Dict., etc.See Life and Letters.Pub. Dut.

Hooker, Joseph Dalton.1817 ——. Botanist. Son to W. J. H. Author Student's Flora British Islands, etc.Pub. Mac.

Hooker, Richard.1553–1600. Theologian. Author The Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity. The greatest prose writer of the Elizabethan age.See Keble's edition, 3 vols.Pub. Mac.

Hooker, Sir Wm. Jackson.1785–1865. Botanist. Author British Ferns, Garden Ferns, British Flora, etc.Pub. Put.

Hope, Alex. James Beresford.1820 ——. Son to T. H. Author of the Eng. Cathedral in the 19th Cent., Worship in the Church of England, etc.

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