pa11still, yet: up to now, up to a specific point in the past.Natúlug pa si Pidru,Pedro is still asleep.Si Huwan pay naabut,So far only John has arrived.1awith measurements: only [so-and-so much] up to now.Tungà pa ug túbig ang baril,The barrel is still only half full of water.1bdílì, walà —1b1not yet.Ang linung-ag nga ságing walà pa malútù,The boiled bananas are not cooked yet.1b2before.Hipúsa ang libru sa dílì pa si Pápa muabut,Put the book away before Dad arrives.Sa wà pay gíra,Before the war.2else, in addition.2awith future verb:[so-and-so] will still happen.Sulatan pa nákù si Husi,I still have to write to José.2bwith a past verb: [did] besides.Human siya sagpáa, gisultían pa ug pait,He was slapped and bitter words were said to him as well.2cwith existential:[so-and-so] also is in existence.Náa pa bay túbig sa baril?Is there any more water in the barrel?2dinterrogative —:2d1what, where, why, etc. else.Kinsa pay muadtu?Who else will go?2d2what, where, why, etc. could it be.Unsa pa ug dílì kwarta?What could it beifnot money?Ngánu pa nga ikaw giyud?Why, oh why, was it you, of all people?2d3unsa, háin -y[noun]-unwhat [noun] are you talking about?Unsa pay radiyúhun nga dúgay nang gikáwat,Whatradio are you talking about when it was stolen long ago.2ein phrases bringing up a new subject:láin —y átùby the way, to change the subject.Láin pay átù, minyù ka na ba?By the way, are you married?mau — diay átùby the way, I just thought of it.Mau pa diay átù, wà ta kadág abridur,It just occurred to me. We didn’t bring a can opener.úsà, ísà, tayim —excuse me a second (lit. one more second).Ísà pa kay ákung pagngun ang radiyu,Excuse me. I am going to turn off the radio.2fin phrases meaning in addition:bísan —even ... too, despite.Bísan pa ang mga bátà giapil,Even the children were included.Bísan pa niánà, dì ku muadtu,Despite that, I won’t go!gawas, lábut —besides.Gawas (lábut) pa niánà, unsa pa may púlung níya?Besides that, what else did he say?labaw —in addition to.Labaw pa niánà tagáan tikag primiyu,And in addition, I will give you a reward.3[predicate] issuperfluous; [do] when one shouldn’t or shouldn’t have to.Ug nagbayadbáyad pa siya nga wà man tu kinahanglána,And he was paying for it when there was no need.Sus! Ipakítà pa giyud níya mu rag dílì baratuhun,Heavens! She has to show off, as if it weren’t s.t. cheap.3a[do] some more so that [such-and-such] a bad thing will happen again.Nasagpaan ka. Panabì pa,You got yourself a slapping. Go on. Blabber some more.Nadagmà ka núun. Sígi, dágan pa,You fell down. Go on. Keep on running around (so you can fall again).3bthat’s what happens when you do [so-and-so].Minyù pa. Mu ra na kag irung panit,That is what you get for getting married. You’re no better off than a mangy dog.3cwalà nay[doubled verb] — didn’t even do [so-and-so] though it is customary.Gipalit níya ang kutsi dihàdihà nga wà nay hangyùhangyù pa,He bought the car, then and there, without even bargaining.3dmau —y[verb][so-and-so] was the case, which was bad enough, but then ...Mau pay kisì, ímu pung iuran ug sígi, nadúnut,It was already torn. You kept wearing it, so it was ruined.3d1mau —y[verb, adj.]... mau —y[verb, adj.]he [did, does] and yet dared, dares to do [so-and-so] in addition.Mau pay sad-an mau pay mangísug,He is at fault, but he dares to get mad.Mau pay nangáyù mau pay mipílì,He is asking the favor and yet he is choosy.4[subject] is still in a group with other things mentioned.Ang íhu isdà. Isdà pa ba ang pági?Sharks are fish; are rays also considered fish?4amálu — nàthat’s not so bad, is it?Sígi málu pa nà ug makadiyis ka,Go ahead. If you make ten bucks on it, that ain’t bad.5in comparisons:even more.Gwápa pa ka kang Maríya,You are more beautiful than Mary.5a[adj.]pay[subject][subject] is more [adj.] than ...Lamì pay lamaw niíni,This is worse than garbage. (Lit. Garbage is more delicious than this.)Lisud pay magkaug mani,It’s harder to eat peanuts than do this.6in quotations, preceded by gen.:[gen.] said.Ug mau tu ang nahitabù, níya pa,And that is all what happened, he said.6amátud —[gen.] [gen.] says, said.Mátud pa níla aku dílì ángay,They say I am not worthy.6bsiya —he said.Kay na, siya pa, unsáun man nákù?Well, said he, what can I do?6csa átù —in other words.Aw, sa átù pa diyis ákung ibáyad nímu,Oh, in other words, ten is what I pay you.7with the apodosis of a condition contrary to fact.Ug walà pa nímu kawáta, ngánung náa man nà nímu?If you hadn’t stolen it, why do you have it?7a[noun]—y[noun, pronoun, adj.] if [noun] were [noun, pronoun, adj.].Aku pay Huwan,If I were John.Aku pay ikaw (aku pa nímu),If I were you.Aku pay dátù,If I were rich.Aku pa nímu, níya,If I were you, him.Kami pa ninyu, níla,If we were you, them.7b[predicate]—y ímu! [so-and-so] is stupendous in quantity, quality (lit. if you could only see [such-and-such]).Mais pay ímu, sus kadaghan!If you could only see my corn. My! There’s a lot.Si Pidru pay ímu, káun giyud tug irù,Believe me, Pedro will eat dog meat, and how!7b1[noun]—y ákùI never thought [so-and-so] was what he was.Si Pidru pay ákù may kirída diay nà siya,I never thought it was possible, but Pedro has a mistress.7c— lámangseelámang,4b, c.7dagad, maáyu —it would be, would have been better if, it would have been good.Maáyu (agad) pa untà ug átung napintálan ang kahun úsà gawía,It would have been better if we had painted the box before we used it.Agad (maáyu) pa ug magtuun ka kay sa magkantakanta,You would do better to study than just sit around singing.7ehináut, básin, básun —I hope that.Hináut pang dílì muulan,I hope it won’t rain.8modifying a phrase referring to time:[so-and-so] recently happened, won’t happen until ...Dílì madala ug bálik ugmà, Huybis pa,I cannot bring it back tomorrow. Not until Thursday.Bag-u pa siya nga milakaw,He left just now.Gíkan pa siya sa Manílà,He is just back from Manila.Karun pa siya muabut gíkan sa Buhul,He arrived just now from Bohol.8a1ayhà, anhà —only then [will so-and-so] happen.Ayhà (anhà) pa siya mulíhuk ug pakit-an ug latigu,He only moves if he sees a whip.8a2dihà —only then [so-and-so] happened.Dihà pa siya mutuun nga hápit na ang iksámin,He only started to study when it was nearly exam time.8bmau —y[abstract form] or [instrumental passive]that is the first time [abstract] happened, [instrumental passive] will happen.Mau pay pagkadungug nákù niánà,That is the first time I heard that.Mau pay ilung-ag ug mudtu na,Don’t cook it until noon. (The first time to cook it when it’s noon.)8c[future verb abstract form] —but then when [so-and-so] was done.Dúgay nákung limpiyu sa salug. Baldiyúhan pa nákù, human dáyun,It took me a long time to clean the floor. But then when I hosed it down, it was finished right away.Pag-abri pa nákù sa subri, wà diay sulud,When I opened the envelope, there was nothing in it after all.dáan —[subject]knew [so-and-so] in advance.Dáan pa lagi ku,I knew that long ago!9much less [do].Dì gánì aku makasulti, kanta pa,I cannot even talk, much less sing.Dì gánì aku makahímù niánà, ikaw pa,I can’t even do that, much less you.pa2short form forpápa1.Pa, háin man si Máma?Pa (Dad), where is Mommy?pa3nfa.— mayurF major.— minurF minor.— sustiníduF sharp.pánk.o. tiny ant, smaller than theutitud, pale yellow in color and does not bite, found swarming over food.v[a4]for food to getpáover it. Cf.pala.pā̀=pálà1.pa-derivational verb-forming affix to which inflectional affixes are added without morphophonemic alternation.1referring to actions one has caused s.o. to do (either to s.t. else or to oneself).Palútù ta ug sud-an,Let’s have s.o. prepare (lútù) some food.Palutúun nátù si Maríya,Let’s have Maria cook.Ipalútù ang sud-an,Have the food cooked.Patupi ta,Let’s get a haircut (cause s.o. to cut hair [tupi]).1aadded to adjectives.1a1have s.o. make s.t. [adj.].Ipaitum ang ákung sapátus,Have s.o. dye my shoes black.1a2have s.t. become [adj.].Patambúkun ta ka sa uma,We’ll fatten you up on the farm.1badded to nouns:cause s.o. to do [the action that verbs derived from the noun refer to].Gustu ka ba pabakyà?You want me to hit you with a wooden slipper (cause me to use thebakyà)?Dì ku paulípun,I will not let myself be made a slave.2added to doubled adjectives:pretend to be.Ayaw pasakitsákit dihà,Don’t pretend to be sick!Nagpadiyusdiyusnun ang sungáyan,The devil is pretending to be saintly.3added to nouns:go to [noun].Padaplin ug dì ka gustung hiligsan,Get out of the way if you don’t want to get run over.Papiliw ba ang ímung sakayan run?Is your boat headed for the shallow waters now?páanthigh, legs from the knees up.v[A12]obtain a thigh for one’s effort in slaughtering domestic animals.(→)v[a12]hit in the thighs.paN-nthe way the thighs are.Hastilag pamáa ning bayhána. Makabúngug,My, how huge this woman’s thighs are. They’re absolutely amazing (lit. deafening).paahannthe upper leg of a pair of pants.paagpaagastaggering, tottering walk.v[B6; c1]stagger, totter.Nagpaagpaag ang hubug,The drunk staggered in his walk.páakv1[A; ab2]bite, sting.Gipáak aku sa bátà,The child bit me.Hipaakan ku sa kasag,I got bitten by the crab.2[b2]be caught in s.t.Hipaakan (napaakan) ákung karsúnis sa kadína sa bisiklíta,My pants got caught into the bicycle chain.3[A; a]charge high prices on s.t. sold.Ayaw sad kug paákag maáyu íni,Don’t charge me too much for this.4[A]buy or ask for a small amount of s.o. else’s purchase, just enough to meet one’s needs.Mupáak kug singkwinta stábus sa ímung isdà,Let me buy fifty centavos worth of the fish you have bought.(→)nclaw, pincer of crustaceans.Paak sa kasag,Crab’s claw.pa-v1[A; ac]allow to bite.2[c]hold s.t. with pliers.Ipapaak ang twirka sa alikáti samtang hugtan ang pirnu,Hold the bolt with the pliers while you turn the screw.paN-(→)v[A13]1be biting with heat.Nagpamaak ang kaínit sa adlaw,The heat of the sun is scorching (biting).2bite one’s lips or tongue.Nagpamaak siya sa íyang ngábil sa kasukù,He is biting his lips in anger.-in-ay(→)v[C23]biting each other, kissing lovingly.Lábing kaáyu sila nga nagpinaakay,They were very loving and kept kissing each other.-in-ns.t. acquired from the things s.o. has just bought.-in-an(→)nbite.Wà muskitirúhi si Bungbung. Dì daghag pinaakan sa lamuk,Bongbong wasn’t given a mosquito net, so he got lots of mosquito bites.paas, páasahaving a tired voice, hoarse from overuse.v[B; c1]for the voice to be tired and hoarse from overuse.Mupaas (mapaas) ímung tíngug ug magsígig tábì,Your voice will become hoarse if you keep talking toomuch.páaw1v[B12]be anxious about s.t. over which one has no information or over which one has little control.Mapáaw giyud ku níya ug wà siya sa balay sa alas nuybi,I get worried about him if he isn’t home at nine.Napáaw ang amahan kay diyútay na lang ang bugas,The father got worried because there was little rice left.ka-n1need of s.t. which one cannot do without.Way nakatábang sa ákung kapáaw. Wà kuy masangpit,No one helps me in my great need. I have no one to turn to.2anxiety for s.t. over which one has a great concern.páaw2=pálaw.pabalúnanseebálun.pabhas=pahubas,n, v1.seehubas.pabílun1wick of a lamp.1adrainage, sterile gauze inserted into a wound.1bfuse of dynamite.2cause, agent of intensity.Siya ang pabílu sa kasámuk sa ámung balay,She is the cause of the troubles in our house.v1[A; b6(1)]put a wick in a lamp, fuse in dynamite, drainage in a dressing.2[A; b6]give a cause for a quarrel or misunderstanding.Wà tà tu siya mangísug apan ímu pung gipabilúhan,He wouldn’t have gotten angry if you hadn’t given him cause.pablikn1public school.Paiskuyláhun ku siya sa pablik,I’ll have him attend public school.2in phrases:— bídingpublic bidding.— disturbanspublic disturbance.— iskúlpublic schools.— markitgovernment-run market.— sirbisgovernment service.pablikar=publikar.pabliku=publiku.pablísirnpublisher.v[B156]be, become a publisher.pablisitinpublicity.pablumnpablum, cereal for children.pabrikanfactory.v1[A; b6]put up, operate a factory.2[a2]make into, put up a factory.3[A; c1]manufacture goods in a factory.pábunturkey.— riyalnpeacock.pabura1advantageous to.Ang kasabútan pabur kanátù,The agreement is advantageous to us.— sa hánginhave the wind at one’s back.Túlin ang sakayan kay pabur sa hángin,The boat sails fast when the wind is in back.2in favor of, on the side of.Ang disisiyun pabur kang Rimutígi,The decision was in favor of Remotigue.3within easy reach.Pagbantay! Kay pabur ka ra ba sa ákung tuu!Watch out! You’re in easy reach of my right hand!4move towards.Iirug-irug ang lamísa pabur sa tuu,Move the table more to the right.n1advantage, concession.Nangáyù siyag pabur sa kumpári níyang mayur,He asked a favor from his friend who was the mayor.2port, left side of a ship.v1[A12]ahave the edge or winning trend.Kusug ming musyágit ug makapabur nag ámung manuk,We shout boisterously when our cock gets the edge.bbe in a position to hit, strike well.2[A; b6]favor, take sides.Ayawg paburi ang bísag háing grúpu,Don’t take sides with either group.pa-v[A; c]turn a boat to the left side.pur-please (said in asking a favor).Purpabur ayaw na kug samúka,Please, don’t bother me any more.Purpabur ikúhà kug túbig,Please, get me a glass of water. †paburítank.o. salt cracker.paburitismunfavoritism.Dúnay paburitismu ang pagdumálà sa ámung prinsipal,Our principal practices favoritism in the way he runs the administration.paburítuafavorite.Ang adúbu mauy paburítu kung sud-an,Adobo is my favorite dish.v[B126]become one’s favorite.padnpad of paper.pád=pálad.padayugdugseedayugdug.pádingn1padding.2padding of the payroll.v1[A; a]put, use, make into padding.2[A; a]pad the payroll.Mipáding sila sa pírul,They padded the payroll.-in-annhaving padding.padirncemented fence.pádirntitle for a priest.(→)vocative.padlaknpadlock.v[A; b]padlock s.t.Padláki ang kusína,Padlock the kitchen.padlasv1[A; a12]drive s.o. out of the house.Ímu gánì kung padlásun (padlasun) dì ku magduhadúha paglakaw,If you ask me to leave, I will not hesitate to do so.2[A; b5]fish in thepadlasway.nk.o. fishing in shallow or moderately deep waters where a rectangular net is set, into which fish are driven.padpadv1[A; c]for wind or water to carry s.t. in the current.Ang dag-um nga walà makabundak ganíha gipadpad,The rain clouds did not fall a while ago and were dispersed.1abring s.o. s.w.Unsang hangína ang mipadpad nímu nganhi?What (wind) brought you here?2[A; a]remove s.t. from whatever it was mixed with or stuck to.Padpára ang amursíku sa ímung sinínà,Pull the burrs from your dress.Padpárig pasì nang bugas,Pick out the unhusked grains from the rice.padpád=paladpalad.seepálad.padrintitle for a priest.Si Padri Rudrígis Hiswíta,Father Rodriguez is a Jesuit.(→)vocative.short form:dri.padrǐshort forkumpadri, vocative.padri dipamilyanmale head of the family.Ang amahan mauy padri dipamilya sa balay,The father is the head of the family in the house.padrínunsponsor in marriage, baptism, or other religious ceremony.v[AC; a2]become the sponsor in baptism or marriage.padri nwistrunthe Lord’s Prayer.padrun1n1pad of paper.2padding, lining.Butangig padrun ang abága sa amirkána,Put padding in the shoulders of the coat.3dress pattern.v[A; b]1put a lining or padding.Siyay mipadrun ug gápas sa lingkuránan,He put cotton padding on the seats.2make a pattern for s.t.Ákung gipadrúnan ang tahiúnun,I made a pattern for the dress.padrun2nregistry books for newly-born babies of a parish, town, or locality.padyámanpajamas.v1[A; b6(1)]wear, use pajamas.2[A; a12]make into pajamas.pag-prefix added to most bases which take the verbal inflectional affixes.1forming imperatives (used esp. afterayaw‘don’t’).short forms:g, orug.Ayaw paglakaw (ug lakaw, glakaw),Don’t go away.Ayaw siya pagpatya,Don’t kill him.2forming infinitives.Gisugdan níya pagtágik ang íyang bálak,He began to compose his poem.Arun sa pagbutyag sa íyang tinagúan,In order to make his secrets public.3forming nouns meaning the action of [do]ing.Dílì maáyu ang pagpalabi,It’s no good to do things to excess.Nakabungkag sa ílang pagpúyù,Destroyed their life together.Ang pagburunda sa simbahan dì na kinahanglan,It is no longer necessary to wear a veil to church.4forming words which mean ‘when [so-and-so] was done’.Pag-abut nákù sa balay, mau say íyang paglakaw,When I arrived at the house, he left.pág=palag.paga, pága1exclamation shouted in a game of marbles or for other kinds of pieces, when a player has hit a piece not intended, thus nullifying the game for the player.v[A; a12]to commitpaga.pága2v[A; b]pay in full.Gipagáhan na nákù ang bayranan sa iskuylahan,I have paid the tuition fees in full.— distínu=pagádu distínu.midiya —half fare.-dunpaid off.Pagádu na ang útang,The debt has been paid off.v[B125]get paid up.-du distínufor a passenger’s fare to be paid on arrival.Pagádu distínu ang ákung paglakaw,My trip was on the payment-upon-arrival basis.v[A]travel on the payment-upon-arrival basis.-díru distínu=pagádu distínu.-durnpaymaster.v[B156]become the paymaster.pága3n1shelf put above the stove.Limpiyúhi ang mga kúlun ug ibutang sa pága,Clean the pots and place them on the shelf.2platform built close to the roof forming a loft but not extending the entire length of the house.v[b6]put a shelf, loft in a house.paga-aseepaga-un.paga-anlocal passive durative affix, future. (Past:gina-an.Subjunctive:paga-i.)For the use of the durative passive forms see the entry underpaga-un.Pagabantayan ang dáwang anihun,Millet that is ready for harvest should be looked at every so often.Ingun sa pagahitan-awan sa íyang hunàhúnà,It was as if it kept appearing in his mind.Ang maung hitabù nahímung ginahisgútan sa mga táwu,That event became the subject of conversation for these people.Pagaabunuhi ang lubi,Keep putting fertilizer to the coconut trees every once in a while.paga-iseepaga-an.pagakpakn1sound produced by clapping, clapping of wooden sandals, clopping of horses, and the like.Limpiyang pagakpak,Shoeshine done by slapping a piece of cloth over the shoes with a popping sound.2instrument for making a clapping sound.v[A; c1]make a clapping, clip-clop sound.Ikaw bay mupagakpak sa humayan?Will you sound the clapper in the rice field?Nagpagakpak ang ílang bakyà pag-ági níla,Their wooden sandals made a clapping sound as they passed by.Pagakpákan nátù ang nakadaug,Let’s applaud the winner.págalv[B12]be broke (slang).Miundang siyag súgal sa dihang napágal na siya,He stopped gambling when he went broke.(→)aflat broke.pagan, págan=paga.(←)v[A; a12]involve s.o., cause s.o. to be included in a misfortune.Kanang ímung tinuntu mupágan sa uban,That mischief of yours will likely involve the others.Pagkasúnug sa dakung balay napágan ang mga balay nga silíngan,When the large house burnt, the neighboring houses were included.pagangafor hair to be dry and lack oil.v[B]for hair to become dry and lose its gloss.Mupagang (mapagang) ang buhuk kun sabunan,The hair will lose its luster if you wash it with soap.-unaeasily getting dry and losing luster.pagantiapaid off.Paganti na ang útang,The debt has been paid off.pagánunpagans.pagapak=palagupak.pagarin1s.t. payable on an installment basis.Mukúhà kug tíbi nga pagari,I will get a T.V. set on an installment basis.2promissory note.Pirmáhi ring pagari arun masigúru,Sign this promissory note to be sure.v[A; b6]sell, pay for s.t. on an installment basis.Nakapagari aku ug sininaun,I got a piece of dress material on an installment basis.págasnhardened crust on top of a wound.v[B3]form a crust on top of a wound.pagatpatnk.o. tree of mangrove swamps:Sonneratia caseolarisandacida.paga-undirect passive durative affix future time. (Past:gina-.Subjunctive:paga-a.)Literary style except in Southern Leyte and Bohol where it is colloquial(with the dialectal prefixa-substituting forpaga-).Forms withpaga-unare used to refer to actions repeated at intervals or after preposed forms meaning ‘it is good, proper, necessary,’ and the like.Ságad pagabasáhun níya ang Biblíya sa dì pa matúlug,She usually reads the Bible before she goes to sleep.Unsay ángay nátung pagabuhátun?What is the proper thing to do?Forms withgina-refer to an action which goes on in time.Ginapasundáyag pa gihápun ang mga dúlà ni Piyuks,Piux’s dramas are still performed.The forms withpaga-aare used when the subjunctive is required, or for the imperatives, in contexts referring to repeated or enduring actions.Ang humay adtu pagadagamíha sa búus,They take the rice on the stalks to the granary, and there they get the rice grains (as they need them).pagawahoarse.v[BN]become hoarse.Mipagaw (napagaw, namagaw) ang ákung tíngug sa pagsinyágit,My voice got hoarse from shouting.ka-(←)v[A13]be very hoarse.Undang na lang ug kanta dihà uy. Nagkapágaw lang ang ímung tíngug,Stop singing. Your voice is hoarse.-unaof a hoarse sort.pagáwalseegáwal.pagawpawafor soil to be used up.Ang yútang pagawpaw gamay nag abut,Leached-out land has a low yield.v[B]be, become barren.-un(→)aworked-out k.o. soil.pagbav1[A; a]fire objects in a kiln.Ikaw bay mupagba sa mga kúlun?Will you fire the pots?2[B; a12]tan, darken the skin in the sun.Napagba siyag kinalígù sa dágat,His skin got dark from bathing in the sea so much.paghid(frompáhid)v1[A; b(1)]put s.t. on by spreading.Ikaw bay nagpaghid ug mantikilya sa pán?Did you spread butter on the bread?2[A12; b8]brush against momentarily.Nakapaghid kug bátà sa ákung pagdalìdalì,I brushed against a child because I was rushing about.paghutv1[A; a12]bark.Gipaghut mu sa irù kay sábà man mu kaáyu,The dog barked at you because you were very noisy.2[A]cough (humorous).Nagpaghut ka lang ánang tantu nímung pag-inubu,You are coughing so much, you sound like you’re barking.n1barking.2action of coughing (humorous).págingeneral term for rays.pagiyunnk.o. ornamental bulb, the spider lily:Crinum asiaticum.pagka-1affix added to most bases which occur with the verbal inflections in one or more of the following usages.1forming a noun meaning the action of having had [so-and-so] done or happen to it.Maáyu ang pagkalútù níya sa kík,He baked the cake well. (Lit. The action of his having baked the cake was good.)Ang kabílin wà maángay pagkabáhin,The inheritance was not divided fairly.Dalì rang pagkamatay,He died quickly.1aforming a noun meaning ‘having done [so-and-so]’.Hustu ra giyud ang pagkaabut ninyu kay dáyun na námung paniudtu,You arrived just in time because we are about to eatlunch.2forming a word meaning when [so-and-so] had happened, had been done.Pagkapalit níya sa pán,When he had bought the bread (lit. when the bread was bought).Pagkakità níya niánà,When he saw that.3forming an infinitive referring to completed action or the coming into a state.Walà maángay pagkabáhin ang kabílin,The inheritance had not been fairly divided.Misamut siya pagkahubug,He got all the more drunk.pagka-2prefix added to adjectives to form exclamations.Pagkadakù bayà niíning syudára,Gee! What a huge city this is!Pagkabuútan giyud nímu,How awfully nice of you!pagka-a(←)forms with the prefixpagka-1andpagka-2to which-a(←)has been added.1prefix added to adjectives to form exclamations, with a greater degree of emotion or intensity of the exclamation thanpagka-2.Pagkadakúa sa ílang bag-ung balay!Their new house is absolutely tremendous!2form meaning particular action of having done [so-and-so].Hustu giyud tung pagkaabútaninyu,Your arrival (lit. that particular arrival of yours) was just at the right time.pagkang=pakgang1.pagkut=pakgut.pagpagafor hair to be dishevelled.v1[BN; c1]for hair to be dishevelled.Mipagpag (napagpag, namagpag) ang ákung buhuk sa hángin,My hair became dishevelled in the wind.2[A; b6(1)]agitate to remove dust.Íyang gipagpágan ang ílang mga butang sa abug,She shook the dust out of their things.pagtungv1[BN; a12]burn, scorch.Napagtung siya sa kaínit sa adlaw,He got burned by the heat of the sun.2[B12; a12]for popcorn to fail to pop.Napagtung ang bitì ug walà mubukad,The corn turned brown and did not pop.athoroughly burnt from baking or being otherwise exposed to heat.Pait ang ságing nga pagtung pagkasugba,Burnt bananas taste bitter.paguaburnt to a crisp.Dì na ni makáun kay pagu na kaáyu,You can’t eat this any more because it has been burnt to a crisp.v[B]be burnt to a crisp.páguv[A; c1]welsh on a bet, delay payment.Kinsay nagpágu sa tanang pusta nga nahánaw man lang?Who ran away without paying the bets?Ákù lang úsà ning pagúhun (ipágu) nga pusta,I won’t pay my bet for the time being.n1amount which one failed to pay.Pilay ímung págu kaníya?How big an amount did you welsh on?2comeuppance, just deserts.Mau kanay págu nímu,That’s what you get!pagùna small brownish bird of the bush, with a body about 2″ in length.págudv1[AB12; a12]burn, burnt.Baliha ang adúbu arun dílì mapágud,Turn the fried meat to the side so that it will not get burnt.Ínit sa adlaw muy nakapágud (nakapapágud) sa ákung pánit,The heat of the sun burnt my skin.Nagkapagud na ang pán. Dalia pagháun,The bread is burning. Take it out quickly.2[A; a]roast cereals black.Magpágud tag mais pára ikapi,Let’s roast some corn grits for coffee.(→)aburnt.Akuy káun sa pagud nga pán,I’ll eat the burnt bread.Kasagáran sa mga mananagat pagud ug pánit,Most fishermen have deeply tanned skin.-in-ncereal roasted black, esp. corn grits.Pinágud ra giyuy ámung kapi,All we have for coffee is burnt corn grits.pag-udatough, strong, hardy.Pag-ud ang simintu kay sa káhuy,Cement is stronger than wood.v[B2; a12]become tough, strong.Nagkapag-ud na ang íyang láwas,He is getting stronger now.pagudpudacrumbling, but hard; brittle.v[B; a12]be brittle.Mupagudpud (mapagudpud) ang tiratíra ug butangan ug mani,Taffy becomes brittle if you put peanuts in it.pagúhank.o. wild banana with yellow fruit when ripe, with sweet but seedy flesh:Musa errans.pag-ukagrayish, darkened due to dirt.v[B]be, become grayish or darkened due to dirt.Nagkapag-uk na ang mga bisti nga wà ikaladlad,The clothes that are not bleached are becoming discolored.pag-ulíngunnk.o. small tree or shrub of the secondary forest:Cratoxylon blancoiandcelebicum.pag-umangkun(fromanak)nniece, nephew: son or daughter of one’s siblings or of a cousin of one’s own generation of any degree.— sa pag-agáwan (panag-agáwan)child of a cousin of one’s own generation.pagupaknclapper made from bamboo, banana, or wood.v[A; c1]make such a clapper.pagúrutsee*gurut.pagutafor a woman to be forward in making advances to men.Ug manghagad kag láki, pagut ka,If you make advances to men, you are forward.pagutputn1put-put sound.2croaking sound of frogs.v[A]make a put-putting or croaking sound.Mupagutput giyud ang makina basta may dipirinsiya,The machine goes put-put if s.t. is wrong with it.pagya, pagyànway of referring to s.o. in a humorous, but indirect way.Layágun ug dunggan si Pidru mu nay nahímung pagyà,Pedro has large ears so that became the way they used to refer to him.v[A; b5c]refer to s.t. by making a joke about it but not naming it.Napagyà karun nga ang dalágang mamatay pabawnan ug alhu,It is a common joke to say that when a spinster dies, they should put a pestle at her side.Gipagyà (gipagyáan) námù siyang pahak,We used to refer to him as scar head.páhangirdle or abdominal binder.v[A; c]wear a girdle, binder; make into a binder.páhakv[A; a3b]make a gash, slash or gorge a piece out of s.t.Ang kalabaw mauy nagpáhak sa ámung tágud,The carabao consumed a portion of our seed bed.(→)n1the space left in an area after a piece has been removed.May pahak ang ímung agigísing,There’s a spot on your temples with very short hair.Dakug pahak ang kík, mu rag gikan-an,There’s a piece missing in my cake. I think s.o. touched it.2scar on thehead.Nipsa pagtupi ang buhuk arun dílì makítà ang pahak,Just trim the hair off so you can’t see the scar.pahamtangseebutang1.pahang, páhangv[B]smell of food beginning to rot.Napahang na ang sud-an sa paradur úsà níya hikit-i,The food got rancid in the pantry before he found it.(→)ahaving the smell of s.t. rotting.Kapahang sa pípì sa bátà, wà hugási,The baby’s vagina smells terrible because no one washed it.páhatv1[A3S; ac]divide food, property, money into allocations.Ang gubyirnu mupáhat nímu ug dúsi iktariyas,The government will allocate you twelve hectares.Paháta ang kík sa lima ka báhin,Divide the cake up into five portions.2[A12; b6]get a portion, allocation.Nakapahat (napahatan) siyag dakùdakù kay sa ákù,He managed to get a slightly larger allocation than mine.nallocation, portion.-anannmail section in the post office where mail is sorted and placed in different bags.pahaw=pagaw.pahawinseeháwin.páhinpersonal valet, servant to wait on hand and foot.v[A; c1]be a personal valet.páhidv1[AN; c]rub on, apply by wiping.Akuy mupáhid ug mantikilya sa pán,I will spread butter on the bread.Pahírig túbig ang inasal,Wipe water over the roasted pig.Ipáhid kini sa tutunlan,Rub this on the throat.1a— ug salàlay the blame on s.o. else.Ayaw ipáhid ang ímung salà nákù,Don’t put the blame for what you did on me.2[A; ab1]wipe slightly to remove s.t.Pahíra ang mumhu sa lamísa,Wipe the morsels off the table.Pahíri ang ímung lúhà,Wipe your tears.Pahíri ang lamísa arun mauga,Wipe the table lightly so that it will get dry.(→)ns.t. used to wipe.paN-v[A2; b1]wipe oneself to remove s.t.Namáhid siya sa lúhà,She wiped her tears away.pahiran, pahiránann1doormat.2rags to wipe the hands.pahilihíli bágu kíriset phrase from Tagalog:saying one doesn’t want to, but actually be dying to do it.pahimangnùseemangnù.pahimulusseepulus1.pahimús=pahimulus.seepulus.pahína1npage, leaf of a book.v[A; b]mark, number pages.Gipahináhan ku na ang ripurt,I have already numbered the pages of the report.pahína2v[C2; a2b]for a group to work on s.t. without compensation.Magpahína pagpatay sa ilagà ang tibuuk baryu káda Sabadu,The whole village works on a project to exterminate rats every Saturday.Gipahinahan sa Pitii ang pagtrabáhu sa iskuylahan,The P.T.A. volunteered to work on the school building.nwork bee to accomplish a certain project.pahináhinsee*hináhin.pahinantinworker that does heavy unskilled labor, esp. hauling.v[A1; a12]do heavy unskilled labor.Íya kung pahinantíhun sa ílang trák,He’ll put me to work as a laborer on their truck.pahinarv[A; c1]fix the hair.Dì ku makapahinar sa ákung buhuk ug aku ra,I don’t know how to fix my hair alone.pahinadur, pahinadúranone who fixes the hair.v[B156]become a hairdresser.pahitv[AN; a2b7]1bite using the front teeth, for insects or animals to bite.Gipahit ku sa mga umígas,The ants bit me.Pahitan nákug gamay ang ímung pán,I’ll take a bite from your piece of bread.2for animals to go at young corn.Gipahit sa irù ang mais sa anagun pa,The dog went at the young corn.paN-v[A]1bite one’s lips.Nakapamahit ang sarhintu sa íyang ngábil sa kasukù,The sergeant bit his lips in anger.2for heat to be biting.Nagpamahit nga kaínit sa adlaw,The scorching heat of the sun.-in-annbite inflicted on one.Pinahitan sa lamuk,Mosquito bites.pahiyumseehíyum.páhùnk.o. small, fibrous mango:Mangifera altissima.pahugpahugasomewhat stupid.Dílì siya makahímu niánang buháta kay pahugpahug,He is not capable of doing the work because he is such a stupid fellow.v[A; b]roam around aimlessly.Tibuuk adlaw nákung pahugpahug sa syudad,I roamed around the city the whole day.pahúlìseehúlì.pahungaa person who acts strange or does things people would consider stupid.Báhu ning pahung nagyasyas lang nang kinarsunisan,Of course he’s a fool, he wears pants too big for him.v[B1]become foolish.pahunpáhunngeneral appearance, actions.Mu rag giputul nang batáa sa amahan kay amahan giyud ang pahunpáhun,That child is a chip off the old block. He acts and looks just like his father.paN-v[A23]1for the hazy outline of s.o. or s.t. to appear at a distance.Mamahunpáhun ang kabukíran sa sayung kabuntágun,The mountains loom clear in the early morning light.2carry oneself.Mu ra giyud nà siya sa íyang inahan nga mamahunpáhun,She moves just like her mother.ngeneral outline, contours.pahutv1[A; b]lace shoes.Pahuti sa listun ang sapátus sa bátà,Lace the child’s shoes.2[A; ac]tie with any interweaving knot.Pahuta ang písì pára dílì mabadbad,Make the rope into a looped knot so it won’t come undone.nknot which is interlooped so that it cannot slip, like a square knot or a slipknot.pahutpahutv1[A; a]darn a tear with big temporary stitches.Dalìdaliag pahutpahut ang gising hábul,Stitch the torn blanket quickly.2[A; b6]travel in and out across s.t. as if describing the course taken by a needle in darning.Nagpahutpahut sa kabukíran ang mga girilyíru,The guerillas traveled across the mountains.pahuyn1scarecrow.2a person who is manipulated by others.Insik ang tag-iya niánà. Pahuy lang nà siya,A Chinaman owns that. He’s just a dummy.Si Markus usa ka pahuy sa mga impiryalista,Marcos is an imperialist lackey.v[AN; c1N]put up a scarecrow.páigv1[A; a2]roast s.t. till it becomes charred.Magpáig kug bugas nga kapihun,I will roast some rice to make into coffee.2[B12]scorch the skin.Ang adlaw nakapáig (nakapapáig) sa pánit sa mananagat,The sun burnt the fisherman’s skin.3for a business to fail or go bankrupt.Nagsígi mag paútang maung napáig ang ílang tindahan,Their store went bankrupt because they allowed so many people to credit.(→)atotally burnt with only charred remains.Ang kík paig kaáyu,The cake was completely burnt.-in-ns.t. roasted till charred, esp. corn grits, for making into coffee.-un(→)adark in complexion.paílubnpatience.v[A; c]endure, be patient with.Nagpaílub siya bísag kápuy ang trabáhu,He is patient although his work is wearisome.ma-unapatient, enduring.paisv[A; b6]cook s.t. by wrapping it in leaves and burying it in live coals.Gustu kung paisan lang ang útuk,I want the brains prepared by broiling them in leaves.-in-anns.t. cooked broiled in live coals.paisánunone’s compatriot, s.o. from the same town or village.paita1bitter in taste.2bitter in situation.v[B; a2]1be bitter in taste.Mipait (napait) ang atay kay napusà ang apdu,The liver became bitter because the gall bladder broke.Paita ang timpla sa ákung kapi,Make my coffee strong (lit. bitter).2be a bitter situation.Ang nakapait nímu kay dì ka mamátig katarúngan,What’s bad about you is that you don’t listen to reason.-an(←)a1for pork liver to taste bitter on account of what was fed to the pig.2k.o. 1″ vase shell, the meat of which tastes bitter.v[B12]for liver to get bitter in taste.pa-(←)ndish of Ilocano origin made from goatskin, cut into tiny pieces, and cooked in vinegar with spices and made to taste very bitter by mixing spleen into it.v[A1; a12]preparepapáit.paknword used in writing to represent the sound of a slap, or explosion of firecrackers.pakanpincers of shellfish.pákav[AB12; a]break s.t. off from the thing to which it is attached, become broken off.Mapáka giyud ang pul-an sa kutsilyu ug itigbas sa bukug,The handle of the knife will surely break off if you use it to chop bones.ncuttings for planting, usually of sugar cane.Ákung itanum ang mga páka sa tubu,I’ll plant the cuttings of the sugar cane.pakà=palakà.pákànloud cracking sound like that of guns, wood cracking, slapping sound.v1[A]make a cracking sound.Mupákà giyud nang ímung nawung ug dílì ka patúu,Your face will resound with a crack if you don’t listen.Mipákà ang butu sa pusil,The gunshot resounded with a crack.2[A; b6P]for a language to be spoken fast and fluently like a machine gun.Mupákà lang ang ininglis kay Amirikánu siya,His English comes fast and fluent because he is an American.— ang inamangnot talking in a situation where conversation would be normal. (lit., talking like the mutes).Pulus man gud sila mauwáwun, pákà lang ang inamang,They were both shy and they just sat there in silence.paka-derivational verb forming prefix.1added to adjectives or nouns referring to a person in a certain capacity, forming verbs which occur with the durative active affixes (mag-1) and the direct passive affixes (-un1). With the durative active affixes, verbs withpaka-mean ‘pretend to be, act like [so-and-so]’ and with the direct passive affixes they mean ‘consider as [so-and-so]’ or ‘treat like [so-and-so]’.Nagpakadakung asyindíru,Pretended to be a big plantation owner.Nagpakatigúlang,Acted like an old man.Ángayng pakabathaláun ang bána sa asáwa,A wife should consider her husband a god.Gipakasayun lang nímu ang kaminyúun,You think marriage is an easy thing.2added to most verbs to form verbs with potential meanings (seemaka-1) to which the durative active affixes (mag-1) are added.This form is literary and usually refers to several agents.Nagpakapusta sila sa manuk nga napildi,They bet on a cock that lost.Nagpakabatì sila apan nagpakabungulbúngul,They heard but remained silent.2aadded to a few verbs meaning see, hear, smell, sense, and the like to form verbs which mean ‘cause s.o. to hear, etc.’. Verbs withpaka-of this sort occur only with the potential active affixes.Suntuk nga nakapakakità ug aniníput,A blow that made him see stars.3added to roots referring to a state to form verbs meaning ‘bring oneself or s.o. else into [such-and-such] a state purposely.’ Verbs with thispaka-occur with the active durative and local passive affixes.Nagpakabúhì siya álang sa íyang mga anak,He lived for his children.Nagpakaúlaw kug panghangyù,I lowered myself to beg.Gipakamatyan níya ang yútang natawhan,He gave his life (lit. caused himself to die) for the sake of his country.3aadded to roots referring to a time of day or life: stay s.w. until [such-and-such] a time. Usually with (→).Magpakatigulang ku dinhing dapíta, piru adtu ku magpakamatay sa ámù,I will stay here until my old age, but I will go home to die.Didtu sa barku pagpakakaadláwun,Stay on the boat until daybreak. †pákalv[A; c]1put a large piece into the mouth.Ayaw ipákal ug hurut ang kan-un sa ímung bàbà,Don’t put all the food into your mouth.2stuff a hole.Pakálig batu ang lungag sa ilagà,Put rocks into the rat hole.pakang1v1[AC; ab2c]hit with s.t. fairly good-sized.Nagkapákang ang ílang úlu,Their heads slammed into each other.Pakngag hínay ang silsil,Tap the chisel lightly.2[A; a]rap s.o. on the head.Sira sa kabinit ang nakapakang sa ákung úlu,I bumped my head on the cabinet door.Pakngun ta ka run ug dílì ka mutúu,I’ll rap you on the head if you don’t obey me.ns.t. used to tap or drive s.t. in.(←)v[C; ac]set off one’s debts against each other.Átù na lang pakángun ang átung útang. Ang ímung singku kuntra sa ákung usa ka lungnik,I owe five pesos and you owe me a fifth, so let’s just say we’re even.hiN-(←)afond of rapping.pakang2nflat, pocket-sized bottle of liquor holding 350 cc. (slang).pak-apv[A; a12]pack up.Nagpak-ap na mi kay mularga,We’re packing up because we are about to leave.pákasv[A; a]1slice a fish in two, lengthwise, to dry it.Ákù lang pakásun ning subrang isdà kay ákung ibulad,I’ll split the extra fish to dry them.2break s.t. in two.Pakása ang pán,Break the loaf in two.3[c]share in a bet.Nagpákas sila sa usa ka tíkit,They went in together on one ticket.nhalf of a pair.Pákas sa karsúnis,One of the trouser legs.-in-ndried fish.pakatv[A2; b8]snag s.t., catch.Ayúha ug lábay ímung pasul kay hipaktan ta sa tagà,Throw your fishline carefully because the hook might snag me.pakawa1bowlegged, pigeon-toed.2have an inarticulated elbow, such that one can not straighten his arm.v[B]be bowlegged, pigeon-toed.Mapakaw giyud ang bátà basta pirming sap-ángun,A child will become bowlegged if it is always carried astride.pákaw1n1corncob.2handle stuck into a frying pan with a rounded bottom (kaláhà).pákaw2n1buoy or float made of a long bamboo node 1½″ to 2′ used principally as a marker for fishing equipment.2the part of a floating anchor (paladyaw) that offers a drag, consisting ofwoven coconut fronds.v[A; c]tie this sort of float to s.t., buoy.pakdulv[B126; b8]1knock s.o. on the top of the head.Sakit ákung úlu nga napakdul sa halígi,My head hurts because I bumped it against a post.2stub one’s toes.Mapakdul giyud kag mulakaw ka sa ngitngit,You will stub your toes if you walk in the dark.2a[B1256]mispronounce a word in speech due to haste in speaking or due to the difficulty of pronouncing the word.pakgang1v[A; a12]stop s.t. short.Way nakapakgang sa íyang batásan nga laksut,No one has put a stop to his ugly ways.Gipakgang ku ang íyang pamakak,I put a stop to his lies.pakgang2n1dried sugar cane leaves.2frond of a buri palm.pakgut1(fromgákut)v[A; c]tie s.t. tightly around several things or over an opening so that nothing can budge.Pakgúti ug maáyu ang kináhuy,Tie the firewood together securely.ns.t. to tie around.Ang uway maáyung pakgut sa kartun,Rattan is good for tying around boxes.pakgut2v1[A; ab7]cut, slice with a sickle.Pakgútan sa manananggut ang buluk káda buntag,The toddy gatherer slices a piece off the young coconut blossom every morning.2[A; a]strip an abaca trunk into fibers.Ayaw pakgúta kanang abaka nga butung pa ang tugdan,Don’t strip an abaca plant with a young stem.naction of cutting.pakhanChinese woman whose feet have been bound from birth to make them tiny.paki-prefix added to nouns to form adjectives meaning ‘extremely fond of [noun]’.Paki Núra giyud ning mga batan-un run,The youngsters these days are very fond of Nora Aunor.Pakiayiskrim,Very fond of ice cream.páki, pakì1n1a bar made of bamboo or other light wood put between the upper and lower sail in two- or more-piece sails.2the lower sail in a two- or more-piece sail, which is rolled up when the skipper wishes to reduce the amount of wind which can hit the sail.v[A; ac1]1roll up the lower sails.2make or attach apákibar or lower sail.pakì2a1stiff.Pakì ra ning sinináa pagkaarmirul,This shirt has been starched too stiff.2recently dead, stiff.Pakì na siya pag-abut nákù,He was dead when I arrived.v[ABN; c1]1be stiff, cause s.t. to become stiff.Namakì ang karni nga gisulud sa prísir,The meat in the freezer became stiff.2be dead.pakíbutv[c16]send letters by the paquebot mail service, formerly provided by the Post Office, whereby a mailbox was placed on a boat in which letters destined for the port of call or interior ports are placed.pákidsnpackage, esp. sent by mail.pakig-(←)(seemakig-for illustrations of the tense forms of the active voice.) Derivational verb forming affix, added to almost all roots which refer to an action and also to bases with-ay, (-anay) to form verbs which mean ‘engage s.o. in [such-and-such] an action’.Ayaw pakigkítà níyag usab,Don’t go see him again.Dakù ang ákung tingúhà pakiglákaw níya sa plása,I am very intent on taking her for a walk in the plaza.Ayaw pakigsumbagay ug gamay,Don’t pick a fight with s.o. smaller than you.pakig-an(←)local passive future prefix added to some bases with a prefixpakig-. (Past:gipakig-an(←).Subjunctive:pakig-i.)Pakigsabútan ku siya,I will make an agreement with him.Gipakigbungúlan ku siya,I got onto bad terms with him.Ayaw siya pakigkitái,Don’t go to see her.pakig-iseepakig-an.pak-ilahard and compacted.Pak-il ang kamúti kay wà nímu tabúni paglung-ag,The sweet potatoes came out hard because you boiled them without a cover.v[B; a]become hard and compacted.páking1npacking plant.Nanarbáhu didtus páking sa Dil Munti, magdilatag pinya,Working at the Del Monte packing plant, canning pineapples.-an(→)n=páking.páking2v[A; b]apply packing to a hemorrhage.Duktǔr ang mipáking níya kay nagdugù man siya humag panganak,The doctor applied packing because she had a hemorrhage after her delivery.pákitn1pocket in billiards.2=pákit sáyis.v[AN; c1]pocket money dishonestly.Kinsay nagpákit sa inyung swildu?Who pocketed your salary?Pakítun (ipákit) kunu sa tisuríru ang kwarta sa kapunúngan,They say the treasurer will pocket the money belonging to the organization.— bukna paperback book.— mánipetty cash one has for s.o.’s sundry expenses.— sáyisnflat bottle of liquor holding 350 cc.sayid —nside pocket of a billiard table.sikrit —seesikrit.
pa11still, yet: up to now, up to a specific point in the past.Natúlug pa si Pidru,Pedro is still asleep.Si Huwan pay naabut,So far only John has arrived.1awith measurements: only [so-and-so much] up to now.Tungà pa ug túbig ang baril,The barrel is still only half full of water.1bdílì, walà —1b1not yet.Ang linung-ag nga ságing walà pa malútù,The boiled bananas are not cooked yet.1b2before.Hipúsa ang libru sa dílì pa si Pápa muabut,Put the book away before Dad arrives.Sa wà pay gíra,Before the war.2else, in addition.2awith future verb:[so-and-so] will still happen.Sulatan pa nákù si Husi,I still have to write to José.2bwith a past verb: [did] besides.Human siya sagpáa, gisultían pa ug pait,He was slapped and bitter words were said to him as well.2cwith existential:[so-and-so] also is in existence.Náa pa bay túbig sa baril?Is there any more water in the barrel?2dinterrogative —:2d1what, where, why, etc. else.Kinsa pay muadtu?Who else will go?2d2what, where, why, etc. could it be.Unsa pa ug dílì kwarta?What could it beifnot money?Ngánu pa nga ikaw giyud?Why, oh why, was it you, of all people?2d3unsa, háin -y[noun]-unwhat [noun] are you talking about?Unsa pay radiyúhun nga dúgay nang gikáwat,Whatradio are you talking about when it was stolen long ago.2ein phrases bringing up a new subject:láin —y átùby the way, to change the subject.Láin pay átù, minyù ka na ba?By the way, are you married?mau — diay átùby the way, I just thought of it.Mau pa diay átù, wà ta kadág abridur,It just occurred to me. We didn’t bring a can opener.úsà, ísà, tayim —excuse me a second (lit. one more second).Ísà pa kay ákung pagngun ang radiyu,Excuse me. I am going to turn off the radio.2fin phrases meaning in addition:bísan —even ... too, despite.Bísan pa ang mga bátà giapil,Even the children were included.Bísan pa niánà, dì ku muadtu,Despite that, I won’t go!gawas, lábut —besides.Gawas (lábut) pa niánà, unsa pa may púlung níya?Besides that, what else did he say?labaw —in addition to.Labaw pa niánà tagáan tikag primiyu,And in addition, I will give you a reward.3[predicate] issuperfluous; [do] when one shouldn’t or shouldn’t have to.Ug nagbayadbáyad pa siya nga wà man tu kinahanglána,And he was paying for it when there was no need.Sus! Ipakítà pa giyud níya mu rag dílì baratuhun,Heavens! She has to show off, as if it weren’t s.t. cheap.3a[do] some more so that [such-and-such] a bad thing will happen again.Nasagpaan ka. Panabì pa,You got yourself a slapping. Go on. Blabber some more.Nadagmà ka núun. Sígi, dágan pa,You fell down. Go on. Keep on running around (so you can fall again).3bthat’s what happens when you do [so-and-so].Minyù pa. Mu ra na kag irung panit,That is what you get for getting married. You’re no better off than a mangy dog.3cwalà nay[doubled verb] — didn’t even do [so-and-so] though it is customary.Gipalit níya ang kutsi dihàdihà nga wà nay hangyùhangyù pa,He bought the car, then and there, without even bargaining.3dmau —y[verb][so-and-so] was the case, which was bad enough, but then ...Mau pay kisì, ímu pung iuran ug sígi, nadúnut,It was already torn. You kept wearing it, so it was ruined.3d1mau —y[verb, adj.]... mau —y[verb, adj.]he [did, does] and yet dared, dares to do [so-and-so] in addition.Mau pay sad-an mau pay mangísug,He is at fault, but he dares to get mad.Mau pay nangáyù mau pay mipílì,He is asking the favor and yet he is choosy.4[subject] is still in a group with other things mentioned.Ang íhu isdà. Isdà pa ba ang pági?Sharks are fish; are rays also considered fish?4amálu — nàthat’s not so bad, is it?Sígi málu pa nà ug makadiyis ka,Go ahead. If you make ten bucks on it, that ain’t bad.5in comparisons:even more.Gwápa pa ka kang Maríya,You are more beautiful than Mary.5a[adj.]pay[subject][subject] is more [adj.] than ...Lamì pay lamaw niíni,This is worse than garbage. (Lit. Garbage is more delicious than this.)Lisud pay magkaug mani,It’s harder to eat peanuts than do this.6in quotations, preceded by gen.:[gen.] said.Ug mau tu ang nahitabù, níya pa,And that is all what happened, he said.6amátud —[gen.] [gen.] says, said.Mátud pa níla aku dílì ángay,They say I am not worthy.6bsiya —he said.Kay na, siya pa, unsáun man nákù?Well, said he, what can I do?6csa átù —in other words.Aw, sa átù pa diyis ákung ibáyad nímu,Oh, in other words, ten is what I pay you.7with the apodosis of a condition contrary to fact.Ug walà pa nímu kawáta, ngánung náa man nà nímu?If you hadn’t stolen it, why do you have it?7a[noun]—y[noun, pronoun, adj.] if [noun] were [noun, pronoun, adj.].Aku pay Huwan,If I were John.Aku pay ikaw (aku pa nímu),If I were you.Aku pay dátù,If I were rich.Aku pa nímu, níya,If I were you, him.Kami pa ninyu, níla,If we were you, them.7b[predicate]—y ímu! [so-and-so] is stupendous in quantity, quality (lit. if you could only see [such-and-such]).Mais pay ímu, sus kadaghan!If you could only see my corn. My! There’s a lot.Si Pidru pay ímu, káun giyud tug irù,Believe me, Pedro will eat dog meat, and how!7b1[noun]—y ákùI never thought [so-and-so] was what he was.Si Pidru pay ákù may kirída diay nà siya,I never thought it was possible, but Pedro has a mistress.7c— lámangseelámang,4b, c.7dagad, maáyu —it would be, would have been better if, it would have been good.Maáyu (agad) pa untà ug átung napintálan ang kahun úsà gawía,It would have been better if we had painted the box before we used it.Agad (maáyu) pa ug magtuun ka kay sa magkantakanta,You would do better to study than just sit around singing.7ehináut, básin, básun —I hope that.Hináut pang dílì muulan,I hope it won’t rain.8modifying a phrase referring to time:[so-and-so] recently happened, won’t happen until ...Dílì madala ug bálik ugmà, Huybis pa,I cannot bring it back tomorrow. Not until Thursday.Bag-u pa siya nga milakaw,He left just now.Gíkan pa siya sa Manílà,He is just back from Manila.Karun pa siya muabut gíkan sa Buhul,He arrived just now from Bohol.8a1ayhà, anhà —only then [will so-and-so] happen.Ayhà (anhà) pa siya mulíhuk ug pakit-an ug latigu,He only moves if he sees a whip.8a2dihà —only then [so-and-so] happened.Dihà pa siya mutuun nga hápit na ang iksámin,He only started to study when it was nearly exam time.8bmau —y[abstract form] or [instrumental passive]that is the first time [abstract] happened, [instrumental passive] will happen.Mau pay pagkadungug nákù niánà,That is the first time I heard that.Mau pay ilung-ag ug mudtu na,Don’t cook it until noon. (The first time to cook it when it’s noon.)8c[future verb abstract form] —but then when [so-and-so] was done.Dúgay nákung limpiyu sa salug. Baldiyúhan pa nákù, human dáyun,It took me a long time to clean the floor. But then when I hosed it down, it was finished right away.Pag-abri pa nákù sa subri, wà diay sulud,When I opened the envelope, there was nothing in it after all.dáan —[subject]knew [so-and-so] in advance.Dáan pa lagi ku,I knew that long ago!9much less [do].Dì gánì aku makasulti, kanta pa,I cannot even talk, much less sing.Dì gánì aku makahímù niánà, ikaw pa,I can’t even do that, much less you.pa2short form forpápa1.Pa, háin man si Máma?Pa (Dad), where is Mommy?pa3nfa.— mayurF major.— minurF minor.— sustiníduF sharp.pánk.o. tiny ant, smaller than theutitud, pale yellow in color and does not bite, found swarming over food.v[a4]for food to getpáover it. Cf.pala.pā̀=pálà1.pa-derivational verb-forming affix to which inflectional affixes are added without morphophonemic alternation.1referring to actions one has caused s.o. to do (either to s.t. else or to oneself).Palútù ta ug sud-an,Let’s have s.o. prepare (lútù) some food.Palutúun nátù si Maríya,Let’s have Maria cook.Ipalútù ang sud-an,Have the food cooked.Patupi ta,Let’s get a haircut (cause s.o. to cut hair [tupi]).1aadded to adjectives.1a1have s.o. make s.t. [adj.].Ipaitum ang ákung sapátus,Have s.o. dye my shoes black.1a2have s.t. become [adj.].Patambúkun ta ka sa uma,We’ll fatten you up on the farm.1badded to nouns:cause s.o. to do [the action that verbs derived from the noun refer to].Gustu ka ba pabakyà?You want me to hit you with a wooden slipper (cause me to use thebakyà)?Dì ku paulípun,I will not let myself be made a slave.2added to doubled adjectives:pretend to be.Ayaw pasakitsákit dihà,Don’t pretend to be sick!Nagpadiyusdiyusnun ang sungáyan,The devil is pretending to be saintly.3added to nouns:go to [noun].Padaplin ug dì ka gustung hiligsan,Get out of the way if you don’t want to get run over.Papiliw ba ang ímung sakayan run?Is your boat headed for the shallow waters now?páanthigh, legs from the knees up.v[A12]obtain a thigh for one’s effort in slaughtering domestic animals.(→)v[a12]hit in the thighs.paN-nthe way the thighs are.Hastilag pamáa ning bayhána. Makabúngug,My, how huge this woman’s thighs are. They’re absolutely amazing (lit. deafening).paahannthe upper leg of a pair of pants.paagpaagastaggering, tottering walk.v[B6; c1]stagger, totter.Nagpaagpaag ang hubug,The drunk staggered in his walk.páakv1[A; ab2]bite, sting.Gipáak aku sa bátà,The child bit me.Hipaakan ku sa kasag,I got bitten by the crab.2[b2]be caught in s.t.Hipaakan (napaakan) ákung karsúnis sa kadína sa bisiklíta,My pants got caught into the bicycle chain.3[A; a]charge high prices on s.t. sold.Ayaw sad kug paákag maáyu íni,Don’t charge me too much for this.4[A]buy or ask for a small amount of s.o. else’s purchase, just enough to meet one’s needs.Mupáak kug singkwinta stábus sa ímung isdà,Let me buy fifty centavos worth of the fish you have bought.(→)nclaw, pincer of crustaceans.Paak sa kasag,Crab’s claw.pa-v1[A; ac]allow to bite.2[c]hold s.t. with pliers.Ipapaak ang twirka sa alikáti samtang hugtan ang pirnu,Hold the bolt with the pliers while you turn the screw.paN-(→)v[A13]1be biting with heat.Nagpamaak ang kaínit sa adlaw,The heat of the sun is scorching (biting).2bite one’s lips or tongue.Nagpamaak siya sa íyang ngábil sa kasukù,He is biting his lips in anger.-in-ay(→)v[C23]biting each other, kissing lovingly.Lábing kaáyu sila nga nagpinaakay,They were very loving and kept kissing each other.-in-ns.t. acquired from the things s.o. has just bought.-in-an(→)nbite.Wà muskitirúhi si Bungbung. Dì daghag pinaakan sa lamuk,Bongbong wasn’t given a mosquito net, so he got lots of mosquito bites.paas, páasahaving a tired voice, hoarse from overuse.v[B; c1]for the voice to be tired and hoarse from overuse.Mupaas (mapaas) ímung tíngug ug magsígig tábì,Your voice will become hoarse if you keep talking toomuch.páaw1v[B12]be anxious about s.t. over which one has no information or over which one has little control.Mapáaw giyud ku níya ug wà siya sa balay sa alas nuybi,I get worried about him if he isn’t home at nine.Napáaw ang amahan kay diyútay na lang ang bugas,The father got worried because there was little rice left.ka-n1need of s.t. which one cannot do without.Way nakatábang sa ákung kapáaw. Wà kuy masangpit,No one helps me in my great need. I have no one to turn to.2anxiety for s.t. over which one has a great concern.páaw2=pálaw.pabalúnanseebálun.pabhas=pahubas,n, v1.seehubas.pabílun1wick of a lamp.1adrainage, sterile gauze inserted into a wound.1bfuse of dynamite.2cause, agent of intensity.Siya ang pabílu sa kasámuk sa ámung balay,She is the cause of the troubles in our house.v1[A; b6(1)]put a wick in a lamp, fuse in dynamite, drainage in a dressing.2[A; b6]give a cause for a quarrel or misunderstanding.Wà tà tu siya mangísug apan ímu pung gipabilúhan,He wouldn’t have gotten angry if you hadn’t given him cause.pablikn1public school.Paiskuyláhun ku siya sa pablik,I’ll have him attend public school.2in phrases:— bídingpublic bidding.— disturbanspublic disturbance.— iskúlpublic schools.— markitgovernment-run market.— sirbisgovernment service.pablikar=publikar.pabliku=publiku.pablísirnpublisher.v[B156]be, become a publisher.pablisitinpublicity.pablumnpablum, cereal for children.pabrikanfactory.v1[A; b6]put up, operate a factory.2[a2]make into, put up a factory.3[A; c1]manufacture goods in a factory.pábunturkey.— riyalnpeacock.pabura1advantageous to.Ang kasabútan pabur kanátù,The agreement is advantageous to us.— sa hánginhave the wind at one’s back.Túlin ang sakayan kay pabur sa hángin,The boat sails fast when the wind is in back.2in favor of, on the side of.Ang disisiyun pabur kang Rimutígi,The decision was in favor of Remotigue.3within easy reach.Pagbantay! Kay pabur ka ra ba sa ákung tuu!Watch out! You’re in easy reach of my right hand!4move towards.Iirug-irug ang lamísa pabur sa tuu,Move the table more to the right.n1advantage, concession.Nangáyù siyag pabur sa kumpári níyang mayur,He asked a favor from his friend who was the mayor.2port, left side of a ship.v1[A12]ahave the edge or winning trend.Kusug ming musyágit ug makapabur nag ámung manuk,We shout boisterously when our cock gets the edge.bbe in a position to hit, strike well.2[A; b6]favor, take sides.Ayawg paburi ang bísag háing grúpu,Don’t take sides with either group.pa-v[A; c]turn a boat to the left side.pur-please (said in asking a favor).Purpabur ayaw na kug samúka,Please, don’t bother me any more.Purpabur ikúhà kug túbig,Please, get me a glass of water. †paburítank.o. salt cracker.paburitismunfavoritism.Dúnay paburitismu ang pagdumálà sa ámung prinsipal,Our principal practices favoritism in the way he runs the administration.paburítuafavorite.Ang adúbu mauy paburítu kung sud-an,Adobo is my favorite dish.v[B126]become one’s favorite.padnpad of paper.pád=pálad.padayugdugseedayugdug.pádingn1padding.2padding of the payroll.v1[A; a]put, use, make into padding.2[A; a]pad the payroll.Mipáding sila sa pírul,They padded the payroll.-in-annhaving padding.padirncemented fence.pádirntitle for a priest.(→)vocative.padlaknpadlock.v[A; b]padlock s.t.Padláki ang kusína,Padlock the kitchen.padlasv1[A; a12]drive s.o. out of the house.Ímu gánì kung padlásun (padlasun) dì ku magduhadúha paglakaw,If you ask me to leave, I will not hesitate to do so.2[A; b5]fish in thepadlasway.nk.o. fishing in shallow or moderately deep waters where a rectangular net is set, into which fish are driven.padpadv1[A; c]for wind or water to carry s.t. in the current.Ang dag-um nga walà makabundak ganíha gipadpad,The rain clouds did not fall a while ago and were dispersed.1abring s.o. s.w.Unsang hangína ang mipadpad nímu nganhi?What (wind) brought you here?2[A; a]remove s.t. from whatever it was mixed with or stuck to.Padpára ang amursíku sa ímung sinínà,Pull the burrs from your dress.Padpárig pasì nang bugas,Pick out the unhusked grains from the rice.padpád=paladpalad.seepálad.padrintitle for a priest.Si Padri Rudrígis Hiswíta,Father Rodriguez is a Jesuit.(→)vocative.short form:dri.padrǐshort forkumpadri, vocative.padri dipamilyanmale head of the family.Ang amahan mauy padri dipamilya sa balay,The father is the head of the family in the house.padrínunsponsor in marriage, baptism, or other religious ceremony.v[AC; a2]become the sponsor in baptism or marriage.padri nwistrunthe Lord’s Prayer.padrun1n1pad of paper.2padding, lining.Butangig padrun ang abága sa amirkána,Put padding in the shoulders of the coat.3dress pattern.v[A; b]1put a lining or padding.Siyay mipadrun ug gápas sa lingkuránan,He put cotton padding on the seats.2make a pattern for s.t.Ákung gipadrúnan ang tahiúnun,I made a pattern for the dress.padrun2nregistry books for newly-born babies of a parish, town, or locality.padyámanpajamas.v1[A; b6(1)]wear, use pajamas.2[A; a12]make into pajamas.pag-prefix added to most bases which take the verbal inflectional affixes.1forming imperatives (used esp. afterayaw‘don’t’).short forms:g, orug.Ayaw paglakaw (ug lakaw, glakaw),Don’t go away.Ayaw siya pagpatya,Don’t kill him.2forming infinitives.Gisugdan níya pagtágik ang íyang bálak,He began to compose his poem.Arun sa pagbutyag sa íyang tinagúan,In order to make his secrets public.3forming nouns meaning the action of [do]ing.Dílì maáyu ang pagpalabi,It’s no good to do things to excess.Nakabungkag sa ílang pagpúyù,Destroyed their life together.Ang pagburunda sa simbahan dì na kinahanglan,It is no longer necessary to wear a veil to church.4forming words which mean ‘when [so-and-so] was done’.Pag-abut nákù sa balay, mau say íyang paglakaw,When I arrived at the house, he left.pág=palag.paga, pága1exclamation shouted in a game of marbles or for other kinds of pieces, when a player has hit a piece not intended, thus nullifying the game for the player.v[A; a12]to commitpaga.pága2v[A; b]pay in full.Gipagáhan na nákù ang bayranan sa iskuylahan,I have paid the tuition fees in full.— distínu=pagádu distínu.midiya —half fare.-dunpaid off.Pagádu na ang útang,The debt has been paid off.v[B125]get paid up.-du distínufor a passenger’s fare to be paid on arrival.Pagádu distínu ang ákung paglakaw,My trip was on the payment-upon-arrival basis.v[A]travel on the payment-upon-arrival basis.-díru distínu=pagádu distínu.-durnpaymaster.v[B156]become the paymaster.pága3n1shelf put above the stove.Limpiyúhi ang mga kúlun ug ibutang sa pága,Clean the pots and place them on the shelf.2platform built close to the roof forming a loft but not extending the entire length of the house.v[b6]put a shelf, loft in a house.paga-aseepaga-un.paga-anlocal passive durative affix, future. (Past:gina-an.Subjunctive:paga-i.)For the use of the durative passive forms see the entry underpaga-un.Pagabantayan ang dáwang anihun,Millet that is ready for harvest should be looked at every so often.Ingun sa pagahitan-awan sa íyang hunàhúnà,It was as if it kept appearing in his mind.Ang maung hitabù nahímung ginahisgútan sa mga táwu,That event became the subject of conversation for these people.Pagaabunuhi ang lubi,Keep putting fertilizer to the coconut trees every once in a while.paga-iseepaga-an.pagakpakn1sound produced by clapping, clapping of wooden sandals, clopping of horses, and the like.Limpiyang pagakpak,Shoeshine done by slapping a piece of cloth over the shoes with a popping sound.2instrument for making a clapping sound.v[A; c1]make a clapping, clip-clop sound.Ikaw bay mupagakpak sa humayan?Will you sound the clapper in the rice field?Nagpagakpak ang ílang bakyà pag-ági níla,Their wooden sandals made a clapping sound as they passed by.Pagakpákan nátù ang nakadaug,Let’s applaud the winner.págalv[B12]be broke (slang).Miundang siyag súgal sa dihang napágal na siya,He stopped gambling when he went broke.(→)aflat broke.pagan, págan=paga.(←)v[A; a12]involve s.o., cause s.o. to be included in a misfortune.Kanang ímung tinuntu mupágan sa uban,That mischief of yours will likely involve the others.Pagkasúnug sa dakung balay napágan ang mga balay nga silíngan,When the large house burnt, the neighboring houses were included.pagangafor hair to be dry and lack oil.v[B]for hair to become dry and lose its gloss.Mupagang (mapagang) ang buhuk kun sabunan,The hair will lose its luster if you wash it with soap.-unaeasily getting dry and losing luster.pagantiapaid off.Paganti na ang útang,The debt has been paid off.pagánunpagans.pagapak=palagupak.pagarin1s.t. payable on an installment basis.Mukúhà kug tíbi nga pagari,I will get a T.V. set on an installment basis.2promissory note.Pirmáhi ring pagari arun masigúru,Sign this promissory note to be sure.v[A; b6]sell, pay for s.t. on an installment basis.Nakapagari aku ug sininaun,I got a piece of dress material on an installment basis.págasnhardened crust on top of a wound.v[B3]form a crust on top of a wound.pagatpatnk.o. tree of mangrove swamps:Sonneratia caseolarisandacida.paga-undirect passive durative affix future time. (Past:gina-.Subjunctive:paga-a.)Literary style except in Southern Leyte and Bohol where it is colloquial(with the dialectal prefixa-substituting forpaga-).Forms withpaga-unare used to refer to actions repeated at intervals or after preposed forms meaning ‘it is good, proper, necessary,’ and the like.Ságad pagabasáhun níya ang Biblíya sa dì pa matúlug,She usually reads the Bible before she goes to sleep.Unsay ángay nátung pagabuhátun?What is the proper thing to do?Forms withgina-refer to an action which goes on in time.Ginapasundáyag pa gihápun ang mga dúlà ni Piyuks,Piux’s dramas are still performed.The forms withpaga-aare used when the subjunctive is required, or for the imperatives, in contexts referring to repeated or enduring actions.Ang humay adtu pagadagamíha sa búus,They take the rice on the stalks to the granary, and there they get the rice grains (as they need them).pagawahoarse.v[BN]become hoarse.Mipagaw (napagaw, namagaw) ang ákung tíngug sa pagsinyágit,My voice got hoarse from shouting.ka-(←)v[A13]be very hoarse.Undang na lang ug kanta dihà uy. Nagkapágaw lang ang ímung tíngug,Stop singing. Your voice is hoarse.-unaof a hoarse sort.pagáwalseegáwal.pagawpawafor soil to be used up.Ang yútang pagawpaw gamay nag abut,Leached-out land has a low yield.v[B]be, become barren.-un(→)aworked-out k.o. soil.pagbav1[A; a]fire objects in a kiln.Ikaw bay mupagba sa mga kúlun?Will you fire the pots?2[B; a12]tan, darken the skin in the sun.Napagba siyag kinalígù sa dágat,His skin got dark from bathing in the sea so much.paghid(frompáhid)v1[A; b(1)]put s.t. on by spreading.Ikaw bay nagpaghid ug mantikilya sa pán?Did you spread butter on the bread?2[A12; b8]brush against momentarily.Nakapaghid kug bátà sa ákung pagdalìdalì,I brushed against a child because I was rushing about.paghutv1[A; a12]bark.Gipaghut mu sa irù kay sábà man mu kaáyu,The dog barked at you because you were very noisy.2[A]cough (humorous).Nagpaghut ka lang ánang tantu nímung pag-inubu,You are coughing so much, you sound like you’re barking.n1barking.2action of coughing (humorous).págingeneral term for rays.pagiyunnk.o. ornamental bulb, the spider lily:Crinum asiaticum.pagka-1affix added to most bases which occur with the verbal inflections in one or more of the following usages.1forming a noun meaning the action of having had [so-and-so] done or happen to it.Maáyu ang pagkalútù níya sa kík,He baked the cake well. (Lit. The action of his having baked the cake was good.)Ang kabílin wà maángay pagkabáhin,The inheritance was not divided fairly.Dalì rang pagkamatay,He died quickly.1aforming a noun meaning ‘having done [so-and-so]’.Hustu ra giyud ang pagkaabut ninyu kay dáyun na námung paniudtu,You arrived just in time because we are about to eatlunch.2forming a word meaning when [so-and-so] had happened, had been done.Pagkapalit níya sa pán,When he had bought the bread (lit. when the bread was bought).Pagkakità níya niánà,When he saw that.3forming an infinitive referring to completed action or the coming into a state.Walà maángay pagkabáhin ang kabílin,The inheritance had not been fairly divided.Misamut siya pagkahubug,He got all the more drunk.pagka-2prefix added to adjectives to form exclamations.Pagkadakù bayà niíning syudára,Gee! What a huge city this is!Pagkabuútan giyud nímu,How awfully nice of you!pagka-a(←)forms with the prefixpagka-1andpagka-2to which-a(←)has been added.1prefix added to adjectives to form exclamations, with a greater degree of emotion or intensity of the exclamation thanpagka-2.Pagkadakúa sa ílang bag-ung balay!Their new house is absolutely tremendous!2form meaning particular action of having done [so-and-so].Hustu giyud tung pagkaabútaninyu,Your arrival (lit. that particular arrival of yours) was just at the right time.pagkang=pakgang1.pagkut=pakgut.pagpagafor hair to be dishevelled.v1[BN; c1]for hair to be dishevelled.Mipagpag (napagpag, namagpag) ang ákung buhuk sa hángin,My hair became dishevelled in the wind.2[A; b6(1)]agitate to remove dust.Íyang gipagpágan ang ílang mga butang sa abug,She shook the dust out of their things.pagtungv1[BN; a12]burn, scorch.Napagtung siya sa kaínit sa adlaw,He got burned by the heat of the sun.2[B12; a12]for popcorn to fail to pop.Napagtung ang bitì ug walà mubukad,The corn turned brown and did not pop.athoroughly burnt from baking or being otherwise exposed to heat.Pait ang ságing nga pagtung pagkasugba,Burnt bananas taste bitter.paguaburnt to a crisp.Dì na ni makáun kay pagu na kaáyu,You can’t eat this any more because it has been burnt to a crisp.v[B]be burnt to a crisp.páguv[A; c1]welsh on a bet, delay payment.Kinsay nagpágu sa tanang pusta nga nahánaw man lang?Who ran away without paying the bets?Ákù lang úsà ning pagúhun (ipágu) nga pusta,I won’t pay my bet for the time being.n1amount which one failed to pay.Pilay ímung págu kaníya?How big an amount did you welsh on?2comeuppance, just deserts.Mau kanay págu nímu,That’s what you get!pagùna small brownish bird of the bush, with a body about 2″ in length.págudv1[AB12; a12]burn, burnt.Baliha ang adúbu arun dílì mapágud,Turn the fried meat to the side so that it will not get burnt.Ínit sa adlaw muy nakapágud (nakapapágud) sa ákung pánit,The heat of the sun burnt my skin.Nagkapagud na ang pán. Dalia pagháun,The bread is burning. Take it out quickly.2[A; a]roast cereals black.Magpágud tag mais pára ikapi,Let’s roast some corn grits for coffee.(→)aburnt.Akuy káun sa pagud nga pán,I’ll eat the burnt bread.Kasagáran sa mga mananagat pagud ug pánit,Most fishermen have deeply tanned skin.-in-ncereal roasted black, esp. corn grits.Pinágud ra giyuy ámung kapi,All we have for coffee is burnt corn grits.pag-udatough, strong, hardy.Pag-ud ang simintu kay sa káhuy,Cement is stronger than wood.v[B2; a12]become tough, strong.Nagkapag-ud na ang íyang láwas,He is getting stronger now.pagudpudacrumbling, but hard; brittle.v[B; a12]be brittle.Mupagudpud (mapagudpud) ang tiratíra ug butangan ug mani,Taffy becomes brittle if you put peanuts in it.pagúhank.o. wild banana with yellow fruit when ripe, with sweet but seedy flesh:Musa errans.pag-ukagrayish, darkened due to dirt.v[B]be, become grayish or darkened due to dirt.Nagkapag-uk na ang mga bisti nga wà ikaladlad,The clothes that are not bleached are becoming discolored.pag-ulíngunnk.o. small tree or shrub of the secondary forest:Cratoxylon blancoiandcelebicum.pag-umangkun(fromanak)nniece, nephew: son or daughter of one’s siblings or of a cousin of one’s own generation of any degree.— sa pag-agáwan (panag-agáwan)child of a cousin of one’s own generation.pagupaknclapper made from bamboo, banana, or wood.v[A; c1]make such a clapper.pagúrutsee*gurut.pagutafor a woman to be forward in making advances to men.Ug manghagad kag láki, pagut ka,If you make advances to men, you are forward.pagutputn1put-put sound.2croaking sound of frogs.v[A]make a put-putting or croaking sound.Mupagutput giyud ang makina basta may dipirinsiya,The machine goes put-put if s.t. is wrong with it.pagya, pagyànway of referring to s.o. in a humorous, but indirect way.Layágun ug dunggan si Pidru mu nay nahímung pagyà,Pedro has large ears so that became the way they used to refer to him.v[A; b5c]refer to s.t. by making a joke about it but not naming it.Napagyà karun nga ang dalágang mamatay pabawnan ug alhu,It is a common joke to say that when a spinster dies, they should put a pestle at her side.Gipagyà (gipagyáan) námù siyang pahak,We used to refer to him as scar head.páhangirdle or abdominal binder.v[A; c]wear a girdle, binder; make into a binder.páhakv[A; a3b]make a gash, slash or gorge a piece out of s.t.Ang kalabaw mauy nagpáhak sa ámung tágud,The carabao consumed a portion of our seed bed.(→)n1the space left in an area after a piece has been removed.May pahak ang ímung agigísing,There’s a spot on your temples with very short hair.Dakug pahak ang kík, mu rag gikan-an,There’s a piece missing in my cake. I think s.o. touched it.2scar on thehead.Nipsa pagtupi ang buhuk arun dílì makítà ang pahak,Just trim the hair off so you can’t see the scar.pahamtangseebutang1.pahang, páhangv[B]smell of food beginning to rot.Napahang na ang sud-an sa paradur úsà níya hikit-i,The food got rancid in the pantry before he found it.(→)ahaving the smell of s.t. rotting.Kapahang sa pípì sa bátà, wà hugási,The baby’s vagina smells terrible because no one washed it.páhatv1[A3S; ac]divide food, property, money into allocations.Ang gubyirnu mupáhat nímu ug dúsi iktariyas,The government will allocate you twelve hectares.Paháta ang kík sa lima ka báhin,Divide the cake up into five portions.2[A12; b6]get a portion, allocation.Nakapahat (napahatan) siyag dakùdakù kay sa ákù,He managed to get a slightly larger allocation than mine.nallocation, portion.-anannmail section in the post office where mail is sorted and placed in different bags.pahaw=pagaw.pahawinseeháwin.páhinpersonal valet, servant to wait on hand and foot.v[A; c1]be a personal valet.páhidv1[AN; c]rub on, apply by wiping.Akuy mupáhid ug mantikilya sa pán,I will spread butter on the bread.Pahírig túbig ang inasal,Wipe water over the roasted pig.Ipáhid kini sa tutunlan,Rub this on the throat.1a— ug salàlay the blame on s.o. else.Ayaw ipáhid ang ímung salà nákù,Don’t put the blame for what you did on me.2[A; ab1]wipe slightly to remove s.t.Pahíra ang mumhu sa lamísa,Wipe the morsels off the table.Pahíri ang ímung lúhà,Wipe your tears.Pahíri ang lamísa arun mauga,Wipe the table lightly so that it will get dry.(→)ns.t. used to wipe.paN-v[A2; b1]wipe oneself to remove s.t.Namáhid siya sa lúhà,She wiped her tears away.pahiran, pahiránann1doormat.2rags to wipe the hands.pahilihíli bágu kíriset phrase from Tagalog:saying one doesn’t want to, but actually be dying to do it.pahimangnùseemangnù.pahimulusseepulus1.pahimús=pahimulus.seepulus.pahína1npage, leaf of a book.v[A; b]mark, number pages.Gipahináhan ku na ang ripurt,I have already numbered the pages of the report.pahína2v[C2; a2b]for a group to work on s.t. without compensation.Magpahína pagpatay sa ilagà ang tibuuk baryu káda Sabadu,The whole village works on a project to exterminate rats every Saturday.Gipahinahan sa Pitii ang pagtrabáhu sa iskuylahan,The P.T.A. volunteered to work on the school building.nwork bee to accomplish a certain project.pahináhinsee*hináhin.pahinantinworker that does heavy unskilled labor, esp. hauling.v[A1; a12]do heavy unskilled labor.Íya kung pahinantíhun sa ílang trák,He’ll put me to work as a laborer on their truck.pahinarv[A; c1]fix the hair.Dì ku makapahinar sa ákung buhuk ug aku ra,I don’t know how to fix my hair alone.pahinadur, pahinadúranone who fixes the hair.v[B156]become a hairdresser.pahitv[AN; a2b7]1bite using the front teeth, for insects or animals to bite.Gipahit ku sa mga umígas,The ants bit me.Pahitan nákug gamay ang ímung pán,I’ll take a bite from your piece of bread.2for animals to go at young corn.Gipahit sa irù ang mais sa anagun pa,The dog went at the young corn.paN-v[A]1bite one’s lips.Nakapamahit ang sarhintu sa íyang ngábil sa kasukù,The sergeant bit his lips in anger.2for heat to be biting.Nagpamahit nga kaínit sa adlaw,The scorching heat of the sun.-in-annbite inflicted on one.Pinahitan sa lamuk,Mosquito bites.pahiyumseehíyum.páhùnk.o. small, fibrous mango:Mangifera altissima.pahugpahugasomewhat stupid.Dílì siya makahímu niánang buháta kay pahugpahug,He is not capable of doing the work because he is such a stupid fellow.v[A; b]roam around aimlessly.Tibuuk adlaw nákung pahugpahug sa syudad,I roamed around the city the whole day.pahúlìseehúlì.pahungaa person who acts strange or does things people would consider stupid.Báhu ning pahung nagyasyas lang nang kinarsunisan,Of course he’s a fool, he wears pants too big for him.v[B1]become foolish.pahunpáhunngeneral appearance, actions.Mu rag giputul nang batáa sa amahan kay amahan giyud ang pahunpáhun,That child is a chip off the old block. He acts and looks just like his father.paN-v[A23]1for the hazy outline of s.o. or s.t. to appear at a distance.Mamahunpáhun ang kabukíran sa sayung kabuntágun,The mountains loom clear in the early morning light.2carry oneself.Mu ra giyud nà siya sa íyang inahan nga mamahunpáhun,She moves just like her mother.ngeneral outline, contours.pahutv1[A; b]lace shoes.Pahuti sa listun ang sapátus sa bátà,Lace the child’s shoes.2[A; ac]tie with any interweaving knot.Pahuta ang písì pára dílì mabadbad,Make the rope into a looped knot so it won’t come undone.nknot which is interlooped so that it cannot slip, like a square knot or a slipknot.pahutpahutv1[A; a]darn a tear with big temporary stitches.Dalìdaliag pahutpahut ang gising hábul,Stitch the torn blanket quickly.2[A; b6]travel in and out across s.t. as if describing the course taken by a needle in darning.Nagpahutpahut sa kabukíran ang mga girilyíru,The guerillas traveled across the mountains.pahuyn1scarecrow.2a person who is manipulated by others.Insik ang tag-iya niánà. Pahuy lang nà siya,A Chinaman owns that. He’s just a dummy.Si Markus usa ka pahuy sa mga impiryalista,Marcos is an imperialist lackey.v[AN; c1N]put up a scarecrow.páigv1[A; a2]roast s.t. till it becomes charred.Magpáig kug bugas nga kapihun,I will roast some rice to make into coffee.2[B12]scorch the skin.Ang adlaw nakapáig (nakapapáig) sa pánit sa mananagat,The sun burnt the fisherman’s skin.3for a business to fail or go bankrupt.Nagsígi mag paútang maung napáig ang ílang tindahan,Their store went bankrupt because they allowed so many people to credit.(→)atotally burnt with only charred remains.Ang kík paig kaáyu,The cake was completely burnt.-in-ns.t. roasted till charred, esp. corn grits, for making into coffee.-un(→)adark in complexion.paílubnpatience.v[A; c]endure, be patient with.Nagpaílub siya bísag kápuy ang trabáhu,He is patient although his work is wearisome.ma-unapatient, enduring.paisv[A; b6]cook s.t. by wrapping it in leaves and burying it in live coals.Gustu kung paisan lang ang útuk,I want the brains prepared by broiling them in leaves.-in-anns.t. cooked broiled in live coals.paisánunone’s compatriot, s.o. from the same town or village.paita1bitter in taste.2bitter in situation.v[B; a2]1be bitter in taste.Mipait (napait) ang atay kay napusà ang apdu,The liver became bitter because the gall bladder broke.Paita ang timpla sa ákung kapi,Make my coffee strong (lit. bitter).2be a bitter situation.Ang nakapait nímu kay dì ka mamátig katarúngan,What’s bad about you is that you don’t listen to reason.-an(←)a1for pork liver to taste bitter on account of what was fed to the pig.2k.o. 1″ vase shell, the meat of which tastes bitter.v[B12]for liver to get bitter in taste.pa-(←)ndish of Ilocano origin made from goatskin, cut into tiny pieces, and cooked in vinegar with spices and made to taste very bitter by mixing spleen into it.v[A1; a12]preparepapáit.paknword used in writing to represent the sound of a slap, or explosion of firecrackers.pakanpincers of shellfish.pákav[AB12; a]break s.t. off from the thing to which it is attached, become broken off.Mapáka giyud ang pul-an sa kutsilyu ug itigbas sa bukug,The handle of the knife will surely break off if you use it to chop bones.ncuttings for planting, usually of sugar cane.Ákung itanum ang mga páka sa tubu,I’ll plant the cuttings of the sugar cane.pakà=palakà.pákànloud cracking sound like that of guns, wood cracking, slapping sound.v1[A]make a cracking sound.Mupákà giyud nang ímung nawung ug dílì ka patúu,Your face will resound with a crack if you don’t listen.Mipákà ang butu sa pusil,The gunshot resounded with a crack.2[A; b6P]for a language to be spoken fast and fluently like a machine gun.Mupákà lang ang ininglis kay Amirikánu siya,His English comes fast and fluent because he is an American.— ang inamangnot talking in a situation where conversation would be normal. (lit., talking like the mutes).Pulus man gud sila mauwáwun, pákà lang ang inamang,They were both shy and they just sat there in silence.paka-derivational verb forming prefix.1added to adjectives or nouns referring to a person in a certain capacity, forming verbs which occur with the durative active affixes (mag-1) and the direct passive affixes (-un1). With the durative active affixes, verbs withpaka-mean ‘pretend to be, act like [so-and-so]’ and with the direct passive affixes they mean ‘consider as [so-and-so]’ or ‘treat like [so-and-so]’.Nagpakadakung asyindíru,Pretended to be a big plantation owner.Nagpakatigúlang,Acted like an old man.Ángayng pakabathaláun ang bána sa asáwa,A wife should consider her husband a god.Gipakasayun lang nímu ang kaminyúun,You think marriage is an easy thing.2added to most verbs to form verbs with potential meanings (seemaka-1) to which the durative active affixes (mag-1) are added.This form is literary and usually refers to several agents.Nagpakapusta sila sa manuk nga napildi,They bet on a cock that lost.Nagpakabatì sila apan nagpakabungulbúngul,They heard but remained silent.2aadded to a few verbs meaning see, hear, smell, sense, and the like to form verbs which mean ‘cause s.o. to hear, etc.’. Verbs withpaka-of this sort occur only with the potential active affixes.Suntuk nga nakapakakità ug aniníput,A blow that made him see stars.3added to roots referring to a state to form verbs meaning ‘bring oneself or s.o. else into [such-and-such] a state purposely.’ Verbs with thispaka-occur with the active durative and local passive affixes.Nagpakabúhì siya álang sa íyang mga anak,He lived for his children.Nagpakaúlaw kug panghangyù,I lowered myself to beg.Gipakamatyan níya ang yútang natawhan,He gave his life (lit. caused himself to die) for the sake of his country.3aadded to roots referring to a time of day or life: stay s.w. until [such-and-such] a time. Usually with (→).Magpakatigulang ku dinhing dapíta, piru adtu ku magpakamatay sa ámù,I will stay here until my old age, but I will go home to die.Didtu sa barku pagpakakaadláwun,Stay on the boat until daybreak. †pákalv[A; c]1put a large piece into the mouth.Ayaw ipákal ug hurut ang kan-un sa ímung bàbà,Don’t put all the food into your mouth.2stuff a hole.Pakálig batu ang lungag sa ilagà,Put rocks into the rat hole.pakang1v1[AC; ab2c]hit with s.t. fairly good-sized.Nagkapákang ang ílang úlu,Their heads slammed into each other.Pakngag hínay ang silsil,Tap the chisel lightly.2[A; a]rap s.o. on the head.Sira sa kabinit ang nakapakang sa ákung úlu,I bumped my head on the cabinet door.Pakngun ta ka run ug dílì ka mutúu,I’ll rap you on the head if you don’t obey me.ns.t. used to tap or drive s.t. in.(←)v[C; ac]set off one’s debts against each other.Átù na lang pakángun ang átung útang. Ang ímung singku kuntra sa ákung usa ka lungnik,I owe five pesos and you owe me a fifth, so let’s just say we’re even.hiN-(←)afond of rapping.pakang2nflat, pocket-sized bottle of liquor holding 350 cc. (slang).pak-apv[A; a12]pack up.Nagpak-ap na mi kay mularga,We’re packing up because we are about to leave.pákasv[A; a]1slice a fish in two, lengthwise, to dry it.Ákù lang pakásun ning subrang isdà kay ákung ibulad,I’ll split the extra fish to dry them.2break s.t. in two.Pakása ang pán,Break the loaf in two.3[c]share in a bet.Nagpákas sila sa usa ka tíkit,They went in together on one ticket.nhalf of a pair.Pákas sa karsúnis,One of the trouser legs.-in-ndried fish.pakatv[A2; b8]snag s.t., catch.Ayúha ug lábay ímung pasul kay hipaktan ta sa tagà,Throw your fishline carefully because the hook might snag me.pakawa1bowlegged, pigeon-toed.2have an inarticulated elbow, such that one can not straighten his arm.v[B]be bowlegged, pigeon-toed.Mapakaw giyud ang bátà basta pirming sap-ángun,A child will become bowlegged if it is always carried astride.pákaw1n1corncob.2handle stuck into a frying pan with a rounded bottom (kaláhà).pákaw2n1buoy or float made of a long bamboo node 1½″ to 2′ used principally as a marker for fishing equipment.2the part of a floating anchor (paladyaw) that offers a drag, consisting ofwoven coconut fronds.v[A; c]tie this sort of float to s.t., buoy.pakdulv[B126; b8]1knock s.o. on the top of the head.Sakit ákung úlu nga napakdul sa halígi,My head hurts because I bumped it against a post.2stub one’s toes.Mapakdul giyud kag mulakaw ka sa ngitngit,You will stub your toes if you walk in the dark.2a[B1256]mispronounce a word in speech due to haste in speaking or due to the difficulty of pronouncing the word.pakgang1v[A; a12]stop s.t. short.Way nakapakgang sa íyang batásan nga laksut,No one has put a stop to his ugly ways.Gipakgang ku ang íyang pamakak,I put a stop to his lies.pakgang2n1dried sugar cane leaves.2frond of a buri palm.pakgut1(fromgákut)v[A; c]tie s.t. tightly around several things or over an opening so that nothing can budge.Pakgúti ug maáyu ang kináhuy,Tie the firewood together securely.ns.t. to tie around.Ang uway maáyung pakgut sa kartun,Rattan is good for tying around boxes.pakgut2v1[A; ab7]cut, slice with a sickle.Pakgútan sa manananggut ang buluk káda buntag,The toddy gatherer slices a piece off the young coconut blossom every morning.2[A; a]strip an abaca trunk into fibers.Ayaw pakgúta kanang abaka nga butung pa ang tugdan,Don’t strip an abaca plant with a young stem.naction of cutting.pakhanChinese woman whose feet have been bound from birth to make them tiny.paki-prefix added to nouns to form adjectives meaning ‘extremely fond of [noun]’.Paki Núra giyud ning mga batan-un run,The youngsters these days are very fond of Nora Aunor.Pakiayiskrim,Very fond of ice cream.páki, pakì1n1a bar made of bamboo or other light wood put between the upper and lower sail in two- or more-piece sails.2the lower sail in a two- or more-piece sail, which is rolled up when the skipper wishes to reduce the amount of wind which can hit the sail.v[A; ac1]1roll up the lower sails.2make or attach apákibar or lower sail.pakì2a1stiff.Pakì ra ning sinináa pagkaarmirul,This shirt has been starched too stiff.2recently dead, stiff.Pakì na siya pag-abut nákù,He was dead when I arrived.v[ABN; c1]1be stiff, cause s.t. to become stiff.Namakì ang karni nga gisulud sa prísir,The meat in the freezer became stiff.2be dead.pakíbutv[c16]send letters by the paquebot mail service, formerly provided by the Post Office, whereby a mailbox was placed on a boat in which letters destined for the port of call or interior ports are placed.pákidsnpackage, esp. sent by mail.pakig-(←)(seemakig-for illustrations of the tense forms of the active voice.) Derivational verb forming affix, added to almost all roots which refer to an action and also to bases with-ay, (-anay) to form verbs which mean ‘engage s.o. in [such-and-such] an action’.Ayaw pakigkítà níyag usab,Don’t go see him again.Dakù ang ákung tingúhà pakiglákaw níya sa plása,I am very intent on taking her for a walk in the plaza.Ayaw pakigsumbagay ug gamay,Don’t pick a fight with s.o. smaller than you.pakig-an(←)local passive future prefix added to some bases with a prefixpakig-. (Past:gipakig-an(←).Subjunctive:pakig-i.)Pakigsabútan ku siya,I will make an agreement with him.Gipakigbungúlan ku siya,I got onto bad terms with him.Ayaw siya pakigkitái,Don’t go to see her.pakig-iseepakig-an.pak-ilahard and compacted.Pak-il ang kamúti kay wà nímu tabúni paglung-ag,The sweet potatoes came out hard because you boiled them without a cover.v[B; a]become hard and compacted.páking1npacking plant.Nanarbáhu didtus páking sa Dil Munti, magdilatag pinya,Working at the Del Monte packing plant, canning pineapples.-an(→)n=páking.páking2v[A; b]apply packing to a hemorrhage.Duktǔr ang mipáking níya kay nagdugù man siya humag panganak,The doctor applied packing because she had a hemorrhage after her delivery.pákitn1pocket in billiards.2=pákit sáyis.v[AN; c1]pocket money dishonestly.Kinsay nagpákit sa inyung swildu?Who pocketed your salary?Pakítun (ipákit) kunu sa tisuríru ang kwarta sa kapunúngan,They say the treasurer will pocket the money belonging to the organization.— bukna paperback book.— mánipetty cash one has for s.o.’s sundry expenses.— sáyisnflat bottle of liquor holding 350 cc.sayid —nside pocket of a billiard table.sikrit —seesikrit.
pa11still, yet: up to now, up to a specific point in the past.Natúlug pa si Pidru,Pedro is still asleep.Si Huwan pay naabut,So far only John has arrived.1awith measurements: only [so-and-so much] up to now.Tungà pa ug túbig ang baril,The barrel is still only half full of water.1bdílì, walà —1b1not yet.Ang linung-ag nga ságing walà pa malútù,The boiled bananas are not cooked yet.1b2before.Hipúsa ang libru sa dílì pa si Pápa muabut,Put the book away before Dad arrives.Sa wà pay gíra,Before the war.2else, in addition.2awith future verb:[so-and-so] will still happen.Sulatan pa nákù si Husi,I still have to write to José.2bwith a past verb: [did] besides.Human siya sagpáa, gisultían pa ug pait,He was slapped and bitter words were said to him as well.2cwith existential:[so-and-so] also is in existence.Náa pa bay túbig sa baril?Is there any more water in the barrel?2dinterrogative —:2d1what, where, why, etc. else.Kinsa pay muadtu?Who else will go?2d2what, where, why, etc. could it be.Unsa pa ug dílì kwarta?What could it beifnot money?Ngánu pa nga ikaw giyud?Why, oh why, was it you, of all people?2d3unsa, háin -y[noun]-unwhat [noun] are you talking about?Unsa pay radiyúhun nga dúgay nang gikáwat,Whatradio are you talking about when it was stolen long ago.2ein phrases bringing up a new subject:láin —y átùby the way, to change the subject.Láin pay átù, minyù ka na ba?By the way, are you married?mau — diay átùby the way, I just thought of it.Mau pa diay átù, wà ta kadág abridur,It just occurred to me. We didn’t bring a can opener.úsà, ísà, tayim —excuse me a second (lit. one more second).Ísà pa kay ákung pagngun ang radiyu,Excuse me. I am going to turn off the radio.2fin phrases meaning in addition:bísan —even ... too, despite.Bísan pa ang mga bátà giapil,Even the children were included.Bísan pa niánà, dì ku muadtu,Despite that, I won’t go!gawas, lábut —besides.Gawas (lábut) pa niánà, unsa pa may púlung níya?Besides that, what else did he say?labaw —in addition to.Labaw pa niánà tagáan tikag primiyu,And in addition, I will give you a reward.3[predicate] issuperfluous; [do] when one shouldn’t or shouldn’t have to.Ug nagbayadbáyad pa siya nga wà man tu kinahanglána,And he was paying for it when there was no need.Sus! Ipakítà pa giyud níya mu rag dílì baratuhun,Heavens! She has to show off, as if it weren’t s.t. cheap.3a[do] some more so that [such-and-such] a bad thing will happen again.Nasagpaan ka. Panabì pa,You got yourself a slapping. Go on. Blabber some more.Nadagmà ka núun. Sígi, dágan pa,You fell down. Go on. Keep on running around (so you can fall again).3bthat’s what happens when you do [so-and-so].Minyù pa. Mu ra na kag irung panit,That is what you get for getting married. You’re no better off than a mangy dog.3cwalà nay[doubled verb] — didn’t even do [so-and-so] though it is customary.Gipalit níya ang kutsi dihàdihà nga wà nay hangyùhangyù pa,He bought the car, then and there, without even bargaining.3dmau —y[verb][so-and-so] was the case, which was bad enough, but then ...Mau pay kisì, ímu pung iuran ug sígi, nadúnut,It was already torn. You kept wearing it, so it was ruined.3d1mau —y[verb, adj.]... mau —y[verb, adj.]he [did, does] and yet dared, dares to do [so-and-so] in addition.Mau pay sad-an mau pay mangísug,He is at fault, but he dares to get mad.Mau pay nangáyù mau pay mipílì,He is asking the favor and yet he is choosy.4[subject] is still in a group with other things mentioned.Ang íhu isdà. Isdà pa ba ang pági?Sharks are fish; are rays also considered fish?4amálu — nàthat’s not so bad, is it?Sígi málu pa nà ug makadiyis ka,Go ahead. If you make ten bucks on it, that ain’t bad.5in comparisons:even more.Gwápa pa ka kang Maríya,You are more beautiful than Mary.5a[adj.]pay[subject][subject] is more [adj.] than ...Lamì pay lamaw niíni,This is worse than garbage. (Lit. Garbage is more delicious than this.)Lisud pay magkaug mani,It’s harder to eat peanuts than do this.6in quotations, preceded by gen.:[gen.] said.Ug mau tu ang nahitabù, níya pa,And that is all what happened, he said.6amátud —[gen.] [gen.] says, said.Mátud pa níla aku dílì ángay,They say I am not worthy.6bsiya —he said.Kay na, siya pa, unsáun man nákù?Well, said he, what can I do?6csa átù —in other words.Aw, sa átù pa diyis ákung ibáyad nímu,Oh, in other words, ten is what I pay you.7with the apodosis of a condition contrary to fact.Ug walà pa nímu kawáta, ngánung náa man nà nímu?If you hadn’t stolen it, why do you have it?7a[noun]—y[noun, pronoun, adj.] if [noun] were [noun, pronoun, adj.].Aku pay Huwan,If I were John.Aku pay ikaw (aku pa nímu),If I were you.Aku pay dátù,If I were rich.Aku pa nímu, níya,If I were you, him.Kami pa ninyu, níla,If we were you, them.7b[predicate]—y ímu! [so-and-so] is stupendous in quantity, quality (lit. if you could only see [such-and-such]).Mais pay ímu, sus kadaghan!If you could only see my corn. My! There’s a lot.Si Pidru pay ímu, káun giyud tug irù,Believe me, Pedro will eat dog meat, and how!7b1[noun]—y ákùI never thought [so-and-so] was what he was.Si Pidru pay ákù may kirída diay nà siya,I never thought it was possible, but Pedro has a mistress.7c— lámangseelámang,4b, c.7dagad, maáyu —it would be, would have been better if, it would have been good.Maáyu (agad) pa untà ug átung napintálan ang kahun úsà gawía,It would have been better if we had painted the box before we used it.Agad (maáyu) pa ug magtuun ka kay sa magkantakanta,You would do better to study than just sit around singing.7ehináut, básin, básun —I hope that.Hináut pang dílì muulan,I hope it won’t rain.8modifying a phrase referring to time:[so-and-so] recently happened, won’t happen until ...Dílì madala ug bálik ugmà, Huybis pa,I cannot bring it back tomorrow. Not until Thursday.Bag-u pa siya nga milakaw,He left just now.Gíkan pa siya sa Manílà,He is just back from Manila.Karun pa siya muabut gíkan sa Buhul,He arrived just now from Bohol.8a1ayhà, anhà —only then [will so-and-so] happen.Ayhà (anhà) pa siya mulíhuk ug pakit-an ug latigu,He only moves if he sees a whip.8a2dihà —only then [so-and-so] happened.Dihà pa siya mutuun nga hápit na ang iksámin,He only started to study when it was nearly exam time.8bmau —y[abstract form] or [instrumental passive]that is the first time [abstract] happened, [instrumental passive] will happen.Mau pay pagkadungug nákù niánà,That is the first time I heard that.Mau pay ilung-ag ug mudtu na,Don’t cook it until noon. (The first time to cook it when it’s noon.)8c[future verb abstract form] —but then when [so-and-so] was done.Dúgay nákung limpiyu sa salug. Baldiyúhan pa nákù, human dáyun,It took me a long time to clean the floor. But then when I hosed it down, it was finished right away.Pag-abri pa nákù sa subri, wà diay sulud,When I opened the envelope, there was nothing in it after all.dáan —[subject]knew [so-and-so] in advance.Dáan pa lagi ku,I knew that long ago!9much less [do].Dì gánì aku makasulti, kanta pa,I cannot even talk, much less sing.Dì gánì aku makahímù niánà, ikaw pa,I can’t even do that, much less you.pa2short form forpápa1.Pa, háin man si Máma?Pa (Dad), where is Mommy?pa3nfa.— mayurF major.— minurF minor.— sustiníduF sharp.pánk.o. tiny ant, smaller than theutitud, pale yellow in color and does not bite, found swarming over food.v[a4]for food to getpáover it. Cf.pala.pā̀=pálà1.pa-derivational verb-forming affix to which inflectional affixes are added without morphophonemic alternation.1referring to actions one has caused s.o. to do (either to s.t. else or to oneself).Palútù ta ug sud-an,Let’s have s.o. prepare (lútù) some food.Palutúun nátù si Maríya,Let’s have Maria cook.Ipalútù ang sud-an,Have the food cooked.Patupi ta,Let’s get a haircut (cause s.o. to cut hair [tupi]).1aadded to adjectives.1a1have s.o. make s.t. [adj.].Ipaitum ang ákung sapátus,Have s.o. dye my shoes black.1a2have s.t. become [adj.].Patambúkun ta ka sa uma,We’ll fatten you up on the farm.1badded to nouns:cause s.o. to do [the action that verbs derived from the noun refer to].Gustu ka ba pabakyà?You want me to hit you with a wooden slipper (cause me to use thebakyà)?Dì ku paulípun,I will not let myself be made a slave.2added to doubled adjectives:pretend to be.Ayaw pasakitsákit dihà,Don’t pretend to be sick!Nagpadiyusdiyusnun ang sungáyan,The devil is pretending to be saintly.3added to nouns:go to [noun].Padaplin ug dì ka gustung hiligsan,Get out of the way if you don’t want to get run over.Papiliw ba ang ímung sakayan run?Is your boat headed for the shallow waters now?páanthigh, legs from the knees up.v[A12]obtain a thigh for one’s effort in slaughtering domestic animals.(→)v[a12]hit in the thighs.paN-nthe way the thighs are.Hastilag pamáa ning bayhána. Makabúngug,My, how huge this woman’s thighs are. They’re absolutely amazing (lit. deafening).paahannthe upper leg of a pair of pants.paagpaagastaggering, tottering walk.v[B6; c1]stagger, totter.Nagpaagpaag ang hubug,The drunk staggered in his walk.páakv1[A; ab2]bite, sting.Gipáak aku sa bátà,The child bit me.Hipaakan ku sa kasag,I got bitten by the crab.2[b2]be caught in s.t.Hipaakan (napaakan) ákung karsúnis sa kadína sa bisiklíta,My pants got caught into the bicycle chain.3[A; a]charge high prices on s.t. sold.Ayaw sad kug paákag maáyu íni,Don’t charge me too much for this.4[A]buy or ask for a small amount of s.o. else’s purchase, just enough to meet one’s needs.Mupáak kug singkwinta stábus sa ímung isdà,Let me buy fifty centavos worth of the fish you have bought.(→)nclaw, pincer of crustaceans.Paak sa kasag,Crab’s claw.pa-v1[A; ac]allow to bite.2[c]hold s.t. with pliers.Ipapaak ang twirka sa alikáti samtang hugtan ang pirnu,Hold the bolt with the pliers while you turn the screw.paN-(→)v[A13]1be biting with heat.Nagpamaak ang kaínit sa adlaw,The heat of the sun is scorching (biting).2bite one’s lips or tongue.Nagpamaak siya sa íyang ngábil sa kasukù,He is biting his lips in anger.-in-ay(→)v[C23]biting each other, kissing lovingly.Lábing kaáyu sila nga nagpinaakay,They were very loving and kept kissing each other.-in-ns.t. acquired from the things s.o. has just bought.-in-an(→)nbite.Wà muskitirúhi si Bungbung. Dì daghag pinaakan sa lamuk,Bongbong wasn’t given a mosquito net, so he got lots of mosquito bites.paas, páasahaving a tired voice, hoarse from overuse.v[B; c1]for the voice to be tired and hoarse from overuse.Mupaas (mapaas) ímung tíngug ug magsígig tábì,Your voice will become hoarse if you keep talking toomuch.páaw1v[B12]be anxious about s.t. over which one has no information or over which one has little control.Mapáaw giyud ku níya ug wà siya sa balay sa alas nuybi,I get worried about him if he isn’t home at nine.Napáaw ang amahan kay diyútay na lang ang bugas,The father got worried because there was little rice left.ka-n1need of s.t. which one cannot do without.Way nakatábang sa ákung kapáaw. Wà kuy masangpit,No one helps me in my great need. I have no one to turn to.2anxiety for s.t. over which one has a great concern.páaw2=pálaw.pabalúnanseebálun.pabhas=pahubas,n, v1.seehubas.pabílun1wick of a lamp.1adrainage, sterile gauze inserted into a wound.1bfuse of dynamite.2cause, agent of intensity.Siya ang pabílu sa kasámuk sa ámung balay,She is the cause of the troubles in our house.v1[A; b6(1)]put a wick in a lamp, fuse in dynamite, drainage in a dressing.2[A; b6]give a cause for a quarrel or misunderstanding.Wà tà tu siya mangísug apan ímu pung gipabilúhan,He wouldn’t have gotten angry if you hadn’t given him cause.pablikn1public school.Paiskuyláhun ku siya sa pablik,I’ll have him attend public school.2in phrases:— bídingpublic bidding.— disturbanspublic disturbance.— iskúlpublic schools.— markitgovernment-run market.— sirbisgovernment service.pablikar=publikar.pabliku=publiku.pablísirnpublisher.v[B156]be, become a publisher.pablisitinpublicity.pablumnpablum, cereal for children.pabrikanfactory.v1[A; b6]put up, operate a factory.2[a2]make into, put up a factory.3[A; c1]manufacture goods in a factory.pábunturkey.— riyalnpeacock.pabura1advantageous to.Ang kasabútan pabur kanátù,The agreement is advantageous to us.— sa hánginhave the wind at one’s back.Túlin ang sakayan kay pabur sa hángin,The boat sails fast when the wind is in back.2in favor of, on the side of.Ang disisiyun pabur kang Rimutígi,The decision was in favor of Remotigue.3within easy reach.Pagbantay! Kay pabur ka ra ba sa ákung tuu!Watch out! You’re in easy reach of my right hand!4move towards.Iirug-irug ang lamísa pabur sa tuu,Move the table more to the right.n1advantage, concession.Nangáyù siyag pabur sa kumpári níyang mayur,He asked a favor from his friend who was the mayor.2port, left side of a ship.v1[A12]ahave the edge or winning trend.Kusug ming musyágit ug makapabur nag ámung manuk,We shout boisterously when our cock gets the edge.bbe in a position to hit, strike well.2[A; b6]favor, take sides.Ayawg paburi ang bísag háing grúpu,Don’t take sides with either group.pa-v[A; c]turn a boat to the left side.pur-please (said in asking a favor).Purpabur ayaw na kug samúka,Please, don’t bother me any more.Purpabur ikúhà kug túbig,Please, get me a glass of water. †paburítank.o. salt cracker.paburitismunfavoritism.Dúnay paburitismu ang pagdumálà sa ámung prinsipal,Our principal practices favoritism in the way he runs the administration.paburítuafavorite.Ang adúbu mauy paburítu kung sud-an,Adobo is my favorite dish.v[B126]become one’s favorite.padnpad of paper.pád=pálad.padayugdugseedayugdug.pádingn1padding.2padding of the payroll.v1[A; a]put, use, make into padding.2[A; a]pad the payroll.Mipáding sila sa pírul,They padded the payroll.-in-annhaving padding.padirncemented fence.pádirntitle for a priest.(→)vocative.padlaknpadlock.v[A; b]padlock s.t.Padláki ang kusína,Padlock the kitchen.padlasv1[A; a12]drive s.o. out of the house.Ímu gánì kung padlásun (padlasun) dì ku magduhadúha paglakaw,If you ask me to leave, I will not hesitate to do so.2[A; b5]fish in thepadlasway.nk.o. fishing in shallow or moderately deep waters where a rectangular net is set, into which fish are driven.padpadv1[A; c]for wind or water to carry s.t. in the current.Ang dag-um nga walà makabundak ganíha gipadpad,The rain clouds did not fall a while ago and were dispersed.1abring s.o. s.w.Unsang hangína ang mipadpad nímu nganhi?What (wind) brought you here?2[A; a]remove s.t. from whatever it was mixed with or stuck to.Padpára ang amursíku sa ímung sinínà,Pull the burrs from your dress.Padpárig pasì nang bugas,Pick out the unhusked grains from the rice.padpád=paladpalad.seepálad.padrintitle for a priest.Si Padri Rudrígis Hiswíta,Father Rodriguez is a Jesuit.(→)vocative.short form:dri.padrǐshort forkumpadri, vocative.padri dipamilyanmale head of the family.Ang amahan mauy padri dipamilya sa balay,The father is the head of the family in the house.padrínunsponsor in marriage, baptism, or other religious ceremony.v[AC; a2]become the sponsor in baptism or marriage.padri nwistrunthe Lord’s Prayer.padrun1n1pad of paper.2padding, lining.Butangig padrun ang abága sa amirkána,Put padding in the shoulders of the coat.3dress pattern.v[A; b]1put a lining or padding.Siyay mipadrun ug gápas sa lingkuránan,He put cotton padding on the seats.2make a pattern for s.t.Ákung gipadrúnan ang tahiúnun,I made a pattern for the dress.padrun2nregistry books for newly-born babies of a parish, town, or locality.padyámanpajamas.v1[A; b6(1)]wear, use pajamas.2[A; a12]make into pajamas.pag-prefix added to most bases which take the verbal inflectional affixes.1forming imperatives (used esp. afterayaw‘don’t’).short forms:g, orug.Ayaw paglakaw (ug lakaw, glakaw),Don’t go away.Ayaw siya pagpatya,Don’t kill him.2forming infinitives.Gisugdan níya pagtágik ang íyang bálak,He began to compose his poem.Arun sa pagbutyag sa íyang tinagúan,In order to make his secrets public.3forming nouns meaning the action of [do]ing.Dílì maáyu ang pagpalabi,It’s no good to do things to excess.Nakabungkag sa ílang pagpúyù,Destroyed their life together.Ang pagburunda sa simbahan dì na kinahanglan,It is no longer necessary to wear a veil to church.4forming words which mean ‘when [so-and-so] was done’.Pag-abut nákù sa balay, mau say íyang paglakaw,When I arrived at the house, he left.pág=palag.paga, pága1exclamation shouted in a game of marbles or for other kinds of pieces, when a player has hit a piece not intended, thus nullifying the game for the player.v[A; a12]to commitpaga.pága2v[A; b]pay in full.Gipagáhan na nákù ang bayranan sa iskuylahan,I have paid the tuition fees in full.— distínu=pagádu distínu.midiya —half fare.-dunpaid off.Pagádu na ang útang,The debt has been paid off.v[B125]get paid up.-du distínufor a passenger’s fare to be paid on arrival.Pagádu distínu ang ákung paglakaw,My trip was on the payment-upon-arrival basis.v[A]travel on the payment-upon-arrival basis.-díru distínu=pagádu distínu.-durnpaymaster.v[B156]become the paymaster.pága3n1shelf put above the stove.Limpiyúhi ang mga kúlun ug ibutang sa pága,Clean the pots and place them on the shelf.2platform built close to the roof forming a loft but not extending the entire length of the house.v[b6]put a shelf, loft in a house.paga-aseepaga-un.paga-anlocal passive durative affix, future. (Past:gina-an.Subjunctive:paga-i.)For the use of the durative passive forms see the entry underpaga-un.Pagabantayan ang dáwang anihun,Millet that is ready for harvest should be looked at every so often.Ingun sa pagahitan-awan sa íyang hunàhúnà,It was as if it kept appearing in his mind.Ang maung hitabù nahímung ginahisgútan sa mga táwu,That event became the subject of conversation for these people.Pagaabunuhi ang lubi,Keep putting fertilizer to the coconut trees every once in a while.paga-iseepaga-an.pagakpakn1sound produced by clapping, clapping of wooden sandals, clopping of horses, and the like.Limpiyang pagakpak,Shoeshine done by slapping a piece of cloth over the shoes with a popping sound.2instrument for making a clapping sound.v[A; c1]make a clapping, clip-clop sound.Ikaw bay mupagakpak sa humayan?Will you sound the clapper in the rice field?Nagpagakpak ang ílang bakyà pag-ági níla,Their wooden sandals made a clapping sound as they passed by.Pagakpákan nátù ang nakadaug,Let’s applaud the winner.págalv[B12]be broke (slang).Miundang siyag súgal sa dihang napágal na siya,He stopped gambling when he went broke.(→)aflat broke.pagan, págan=paga.(←)v[A; a12]involve s.o., cause s.o. to be included in a misfortune.Kanang ímung tinuntu mupágan sa uban,That mischief of yours will likely involve the others.Pagkasúnug sa dakung balay napágan ang mga balay nga silíngan,When the large house burnt, the neighboring houses were included.pagangafor hair to be dry and lack oil.v[B]for hair to become dry and lose its gloss.Mupagang (mapagang) ang buhuk kun sabunan,The hair will lose its luster if you wash it with soap.-unaeasily getting dry and losing luster.pagantiapaid off.Paganti na ang útang,The debt has been paid off.pagánunpagans.pagapak=palagupak.pagarin1s.t. payable on an installment basis.Mukúhà kug tíbi nga pagari,I will get a T.V. set on an installment basis.2promissory note.Pirmáhi ring pagari arun masigúru,Sign this promissory note to be sure.v[A; b6]sell, pay for s.t. on an installment basis.Nakapagari aku ug sininaun,I got a piece of dress material on an installment basis.págasnhardened crust on top of a wound.v[B3]form a crust on top of a wound.pagatpatnk.o. tree of mangrove swamps:Sonneratia caseolarisandacida.paga-undirect passive durative affix future time. (Past:gina-.Subjunctive:paga-a.)Literary style except in Southern Leyte and Bohol where it is colloquial(with the dialectal prefixa-substituting forpaga-).Forms withpaga-unare used to refer to actions repeated at intervals or after preposed forms meaning ‘it is good, proper, necessary,’ and the like.Ságad pagabasáhun níya ang Biblíya sa dì pa matúlug,She usually reads the Bible before she goes to sleep.Unsay ángay nátung pagabuhátun?What is the proper thing to do?Forms withgina-refer to an action which goes on in time.Ginapasundáyag pa gihápun ang mga dúlà ni Piyuks,Piux’s dramas are still performed.The forms withpaga-aare used when the subjunctive is required, or for the imperatives, in contexts referring to repeated or enduring actions.Ang humay adtu pagadagamíha sa búus,They take the rice on the stalks to the granary, and there they get the rice grains (as they need them).pagawahoarse.v[BN]become hoarse.Mipagaw (napagaw, namagaw) ang ákung tíngug sa pagsinyágit,My voice got hoarse from shouting.ka-(←)v[A13]be very hoarse.Undang na lang ug kanta dihà uy. Nagkapágaw lang ang ímung tíngug,Stop singing. Your voice is hoarse.-unaof a hoarse sort.pagáwalseegáwal.pagawpawafor soil to be used up.Ang yútang pagawpaw gamay nag abut,Leached-out land has a low yield.v[B]be, become barren.-un(→)aworked-out k.o. soil.pagbav1[A; a]fire objects in a kiln.Ikaw bay mupagba sa mga kúlun?Will you fire the pots?2[B; a12]tan, darken the skin in the sun.Napagba siyag kinalígù sa dágat,His skin got dark from bathing in the sea so much.paghid(frompáhid)v1[A; b(1)]put s.t. on by spreading.Ikaw bay nagpaghid ug mantikilya sa pán?Did you spread butter on the bread?2[A12; b8]brush against momentarily.Nakapaghid kug bátà sa ákung pagdalìdalì,I brushed against a child because I was rushing about.paghutv1[A; a12]bark.Gipaghut mu sa irù kay sábà man mu kaáyu,The dog barked at you because you were very noisy.2[A]cough (humorous).Nagpaghut ka lang ánang tantu nímung pag-inubu,You are coughing so much, you sound like you’re barking.n1barking.2action of coughing (humorous).págingeneral term for rays.pagiyunnk.o. ornamental bulb, the spider lily:Crinum asiaticum.pagka-1affix added to most bases which occur with the verbal inflections in one or more of the following usages.1forming a noun meaning the action of having had [so-and-so] done or happen to it.Maáyu ang pagkalútù níya sa kík,He baked the cake well. (Lit. The action of his having baked the cake was good.)Ang kabílin wà maángay pagkabáhin,The inheritance was not divided fairly.Dalì rang pagkamatay,He died quickly.1aforming a noun meaning ‘having done [so-and-so]’.Hustu ra giyud ang pagkaabut ninyu kay dáyun na námung paniudtu,You arrived just in time because we are about to eatlunch.2forming a word meaning when [so-and-so] had happened, had been done.Pagkapalit níya sa pán,When he had bought the bread (lit. when the bread was bought).Pagkakità níya niánà,When he saw that.3forming an infinitive referring to completed action or the coming into a state.Walà maángay pagkabáhin ang kabílin,The inheritance had not been fairly divided.Misamut siya pagkahubug,He got all the more drunk.pagka-2prefix added to adjectives to form exclamations.Pagkadakù bayà niíning syudára,Gee! What a huge city this is!Pagkabuútan giyud nímu,How awfully nice of you!pagka-a(←)forms with the prefixpagka-1andpagka-2to which-a(←)has been added.1prefix added to adjectives to form exclamations, with a greater degree of emotion or intensity of the exclamation thanpagka-2.Pagkadakúa sa ílang bag-ung balay!Their new house is absolutely tremendous!2form meaning particular action of having done [so-and-so].Hustu giyud tung pagkaabútaninyu,Your arrival (lit. that particular arrival of yours) was just at the right time.pagkang=pakgang1.pagkut=pakgut.pagpagafor hair to be dishevelled.v1[BN; c1]for hair to be dishevelled.Mipagpag (napagpag, namagpag) ang ákung buhuk sa hángin,My hair became dishevelled in the wind.2[A; b6(1)]agitate to remove dust.Íyang gipagpágan ang ílang mga butang sa abug,She shook the dust out of their things.pagtungv1[BN; a12]burn, scorch.Napagtung siya sa kaínit sa adlaw,He got burned by the heat of the sun.2[B12; a12]for popcorn to fail to pop.Napagtung ang bitì ug walà mubukad,The corn turned brown and did not pop.athoroughly burnt from baking or being otherwise exposed to heat.Pait ang ságing nga pagtung pagkasugba,Burnt bananas taste bitter.paguaburnt to a crisp.Dì na ni makáun kay pagu na kaáyu,You can’t eat this any more because it has been burnt to a crisp.v[B]be burnt to a crisp.páguv[A; c1]welsh on a bet, delay payment.Kinsay nagpágu sa tanang pusta nga nahánaw man lang?Who ran away without paying the bets?Ákù lang úsà ning pagúhun (ipágu) nga pusta,I won’t pay my bet for the time being.n1amount which one failed to pay.Pilay ímung págu kaníya?How big an amount did you welsh on?2comeuppance, just deserts.Mau kanay págu nímu,That’s what you get!pagùna small brownish bird of the bush, with a body about 2″ in length.págudv1[AB12; a12]burn, burnt.Baliha ang adúbu arun dílì mapágud,Turn the fried meat to the side so that it will not get burnt.Ínit sa adlaw muy nakapágud (nakapapágud) sa ákung pánit,The heat of the sun burnt my skin.Nagkapagud na ang pán. Dalia pagháun,The bread is burning. Take it out quickly.2[A; a]roast cereals black.Magpágud tag mais pára ikapi,Let’s roast some corn grits for coffee.(→)aburnt.Akuy káun sa pagud nga pán,I’ll eat the burnt bread.Kasagáran sa mga mananagat pagud ug pánit,Most fishermen have deeply tanned skin.-in-ncereal roasted black, esp. corn grits.Pinágud ra giyuy ámung kapi,All we have for coffee is burnt corn grits.pag-udatough, strong, hardy.Pag-ud ang simintu kay sa káhuy,Cement is stronger than wood.v[B2; a12]become tough, strong.Nagkapag-ud na ang íyang láwas,He is getting stronger now.pagudpudacrumbling, but hard; brittle.v[B; a12]be brittle.Mupagudpud (mapagudpud) ang tiratíra ug butangan ug mani,Taffy becomes brittle if you put peanuts in it.pagúhank.o. wild banana with yellow fruit when ripe, with sweet but seedy flesh:Musa errans.pag-ukagrayish, darkened due to dirt.v[B]be, become grayish or darkened due to dirt.Nagkapag-uk na ang mga bisti nga wà ikaladlad,The clothes that are not bleached are becoming discolored.pag-ulíngunnk.o. small tree or shrub of the secondary forest:Cratoxylon blancoiandcelebicum.pag-umangkun(fromanak)nniece, nephew: son or daughter of one’s siblings or of a cousin of one’s own generation of any degree.— sa pag-agáwan (panag-agáwan)child of a cousin of one’s own generation.pagupaknclapper made from bamboo, banana, or wood.v[A; c1]make such a clapper.pagúrutsee*gurut.pagutafor a woman to be forward in making advances to men.Ug manghagad kag láki, pagut ka,If you make advances to men, you are forward.pagutputn1put-put sound.2croaking sound of frogs.v[A]make a put-putting or croaking sound.Mupagutput giyud ang makina basta may dipirinsiya,The machine goes put-put if s.t. is wrong with it.pagya, pagyànway of referring to s.o. in a humorous, but indirect way.Layágun ug dunggan si Pidru mu nay nahímung pagyà,Pedro has large ears so that became the way they used to refer to him.v[A; b5c]refer to s.t. by making a joke about it but not naming it.Napagyà karun nga ang dalágang mamatay pabawnan ug alhu,It is a common joke to say that when a spinster dies, they should put a pestle at her side.Gipagyà (gipagyáan) námù siyang pahak,We used to refer to him as scar head.páhangirdle or abdominal binder.v[A; c]wear a girdle, binder; make into a binder.páhakv[A; a3b]make a gash, slash or gorge a piece out of s.t.Ang kalabaw mauy nagpáhak sa ámung tágud,The carabao consumed a portion of our seed bed.(→)n1the space left in an area after a piece has been removed.May pahak ang ímung agigísing,There’s a spot on your temples with very short hair.Dakug pahak ang kík, mu rag gikan-an,There’s a piece missing in my cake. I think s.o. touched it.2scar on thehead.Nipsa pagtupi ang buhuk arun dílì makítà ang pahak,Just trim the hair off so you can’t see the scar.pahamtangseebutang1.pahang, páhangv[B]smell of food beginning to rot.Napahang na ang sud-an sa paradur úsà níya hikit-i,The food got rancid in the pantry before he found it.(→)ahaving the smell of s.t. rotting.Kapahang sa pípì sa bátà, wà hugási,The baby’s vagina smells terrible because no one washed it.páhatv1[A3S; ac]divide food, property, money into allocations.Ang gubyirnu mupáhat nímu ug dúsi iktariyas,The government will allocate you twelve hectares.Paháta ang kík sa lima ka báhin,Divide the cake up into five portions.2[A12; b6]get a portion, allocation.Nakapahat (napahatan) siyag dakùdakù kay sa ákù,He managed to get a slightly larger allocation than mine.nallocation, portion.-anannmail section in the post office where mail is sorted and placed in different bags.pahaw=pagaw.pahawinseeháwin.páhinpersonal valet, servant to wait on hand and foot.v[A; c1]be a personal valet.páhidv1[AN; c]rub on, apply by wiping.Akuy mupáhid ug mantikilya sa pán,I will spread butter on the bread.Pahírig túbig ang inasal,Wipe water over the roasted pig.Ipáhid kini sa tutunlan,Rub this on the throat.1a— ug salàlay the blame on s.o. else.Ayaw ipáhid ang ímung salà nákù,Don’t put the blame for what you did on me.2[A; ab1]wipe slightly to remove s.t.Pahíra ang mumhu sa lamísa,Wipe the morsels off the table.Pahíri ang ímung lúhà,Wipe your tears.Pahíri ang lamísa arun mauga,Wipe the table lightly so that it will get dry.(→)ns.t. used to wipe.paN-v[A2; b1]wipe oneself to remove s.t.Namáhid siya sa lúhà,She wiped her tears away.pahiran, pahiránann1doormat.2rags to wipe the hands.pahilihíli bágu kíriset phrase from Tagalog:saying one doesn’t want to, but actually be dying to do it.pahimangnùseemangnù.pahimulusseepulus1.pahimús=pahimulus.seepulus.pahína1npage, leaf of a book.v[A; b]mark, number pages.Gipahináhan ku na ang ripurt,I have already numbered the pages of the report.pahína2v[C2; a2b]for a group to work on s.t. without compensation.Magpahína pagpatay sa ilagà ang tibuuk baryu káda Sabadu,The whole village works on a project to exterminate rats every Saturday.Gipahinahan sa Pitii ang pagtrabáhu sa iskuylahan,The P.T.A. volunteered to work on the school building.nwork bee to accomplish a certain project.pahináhinsee*hináhin.pahinantinworker that does heavy unskilled labor, esp. hauling.v[A1; a12]do heavy unskilled labor.Íya kung pahinantíhun sa ílang trák,He’ll put me to work as a laborer on their truck.pahinarv[A; c1]fix the hair.Dì ku makapahinar sa ákung buhuk ug aku ra,I don’t know how to fix my hair alone.pahinadur, pahinadúranone who fixes the hair.v[B156]become a hairdresser.pahitv[AN; a2b7]1bite using the front teeth, for insects or animals to bite.Gipahit ku sa mga umígas,The ants bit me.Pahitan nákug gamay ang ímung pán,I’ll take a bite from your piece of bread.2for animals to go at young corn.Gipahit sa irù ang mais sa anagun pa,The dog went at the young corn.paN-v[A]1bite one’s lips.Nakapamahit ang sarhintu sa íyang ngábil sa kasukù,The sergeant bit his lips in anger.2for heat to be biting.Nagpamahit nga kaínit sa adlaw,The scorching heat of the sun.-in-annbite inflicted on one.Pinahitan sa lamuk,Mosquito bites.pahiyumseehíyum.páhùnk.o. small, fibrous mango:Mangifera altissima.pahugpahugasomewhat stupid.Dílì siya makahímu niánang buháta kay pahugpahug,He is not capable of doing the work because he is such a stupid fellow.v[A; b]roam around aimlessly.Tibuuk adlaw nákung pahugpahug sa syudad,I roamed around the city the whole day.pahúlìseehúlì.pahungaa person who acts strange or does things people would consider stupid.Báhu ning pahung nagyasyas lang nang kinarsunisan,Of course he’s a fool, he wears pants too big for him.v[B1]become foolish.pahunpáhunngeneral appearance, actions.Mu rag giputul nang batáa sa amahan kay amahan giyud ang pahunpáhun,That child is a chip off the old block. He acts and looks just like his father.paN-v[A23]1for the hazy outline of s.o. or s.t. to appear at a distance.Mamahunpáhun ang kabukíran sa sayung kabuntágun,The mountains loom clear in the early morning light.2carry oneself.Mu ra giyud nà siya sa íyang inahan nga mamahunpáhun,She moves just like her mother.ngeneral outline, contours.pahutv1[A; b]lace shoes.Pahuti sa listun ang sapátus sa bátà,Lace the child’s shoes.2[A; ac]tie with any interweaving knot.Pahuta ang písì pára dílì mabadbad,Make the rope into a looped knot so it won’t come undone.nknot which is interlooped so that it cannot slip, like a square knot or a slipknot.pahutpahutv1[A; a]darn a tear with big temporary stitches.Dalìdaliag pahutpahut ang gising hábul,Stitch the torn blanket quickly.2[A; b6]travel in and out across s.t. as if describing the course taken by a needle in darning.Nagpahutpahut sa kabukíran ang mga girilyíru,The guerillas traveled across the mountains.pahuyn1scarecrow.2a person who is manipulated by others.Insik ang tag-iya niánà. Pahuy lang nà siya,A Chinaman owns that. He’s just a dummy.Si Markus usa ka pahuy sa mga impiryalista,Marcos is an imperialist lackey.v[AN; c1N]put up a scarecrow.páigv1[A; a2]roast s.t. till it becomes charred.Magpáig kug bugas nga kapihun,I will roast some rice to make into coffee.2[B12]scorch the skin.Ang adlaw nakapáig (nakapapáig) sa pánit sa mananagat,The sun burnt the fisherman’s skin.3for a business to fail or go bankrupt.Nagsígi mag paútang maung napáig ang ílang tindahan,Their store went bankrupt because they allowed so many people to credit.(→)atotally burnt with only charred remains.Ang kík paig kaáyu,The cake was completely burnt.-in-ns.t. roasted till charred, esp. corn grits, for making into coffee.-un(→)adark in complexion.paílubnpatience.v[A; c]endure, be patient with.Nagpaílub siya bísag kápuy ang trabáhu,He is patient although his work is wearisome.ma-unapatient, enduring.paisv[A; b6]cook s.t. by wrapping it in leaves and burying it in live coals.Gustu kung paisan lang ang útuk,I want the brains prepared by broiling them in leaves.-in-anns.t. cooked broiled in live coals.paisánunone’s compatriot, s.o. from the same town or village.paita1bitter in taste.2bitter in situation.v[B; a2]1be bitter in taste.Mipait (napait) ang atay kay napusà ang apdu,The liver became bitter because the gall bladder broke.Paita ang timpla sa ákung kapi,Make my coffee strong (lit. bitter).2be a bitter situation.Ang nakapait nímu kay dì ka mamátig katarúngan,What’s bad about you is that you don’t listen to reason.-an(←)a1for pork liver to taste bitter on account of what was fed to the pig.2k.o. 1″ vase shell, the meat of which tastes bitter.v[B12]for liver to get bitter in taste.pa-(←)ndish of Ilocano origin made from goatskin, cut into tiny pieces, and cooked in vinegar with spices and made to taste very bitter by mixing spleen into it.v[A1; a12]preparepapáit.paknword used in writing to represent the sound of a slap, or explosion of firecrackers.pakanpincers of shellfish.pákav[AB12; a]break s.t. off from the thing to which it is attached, become broken off.Mapáka giyud ang pul-an sa kutsilyu ug itigbas sa bukug,The handle of the knife will surely break off if you use it to chop bones.ncuttings for planting, usually of sugar cane.Ákung itanum ang mga páka sa tubu,I’ll plant the cuttings of the sugar cane.pakà=palakà.pákànloud cracking sound like that of guns, wood cracking, slapping sound.v1[A]make a cracking sound.Mupákà giyud nang ímung nawung ug dílì ka patúu,Your face will resound with a crack if you don’t listen.Mipákà ang butu sa pusil,The gunshot resounded with a crack.2[A; b6P]for a language to be spoken fast and fluently like a machine gun.Mupákà lang ang ininglis kay Amirikánu siya,His English comes fast and fluent because he is an American.— ang inamangnot talking in a situation where conversation would be normal. (lit., talking like the mutes).Pulus man gud sila mauwáwun, pákà lang ang inamang,They were both shy and they just sat there in silence.paka-derivational verb forming prefix.1added to adjectives or nouns referring to a person in a certain capacity, forming verbs which occur with the durative active affixes (mag-1) and the direct passive affixes (-un1). With the durative active affixes, verbs withpaka-mean ‘pretend to be, act like [so-and-so]’ and with the direct passive affixes they mean ‘consider as [so-and-so]’ or ‘treat like [so-and-so]’.Nagpakadakung asyindíru,Pretended to be a big plantation owner.Nagpakatigúlang,Acted like an old man.Ángayng pakabathaláun ang bána sa asáwa,A wife should consider her husband a god.Gipakasayun lang nímu ang kaminyúun,You think marriage is an easy thing.2added to most verbs to form verbs with potential meanings (seemaka-1) to which the durative active affixes (mag-1) are added.This form is literary and usually refers to several agents.Nagpakapusta sila sa manuk nga napildi,They bet on a cock that lost.Nagpakabatì sila apan nagpakabungulbúngul,They heard but remained silent.2aadded to a few verbs meaning see, hear, smell, sense, and the like to form verbs which mean ‘cause s.o. to hear, etc.’. Verbs withpaka-of this sort occur only with the potential active affixes.Suntuk nga nakapakakità ug aniníput,A blow that made him see stars.3added to roots referring to a state to form verbs meaning ‘bring oneself or s.o. else into [such-and-such] a state purposely.’ Verbs with thispaka-occur with the active durative and local passive affixes.Nagpakabúhì siya álang sa íyang mga anak,He lived for his children.Nagpakaúlaw kug panghangyù,I lowered myself to beg.Gipakamatyan níya ang yútang natawhan,He gave his life (lit. caused himself to die) for the sake of his country.3aadded to roots referring to a time of day or life: stay s.w. until [such-and-such] a time. Usually with (→).Magpakatigulang ku dinhing dapíta, piru adtu ku magpakamatay sa ámù,I will stay here until my old age, but I will go home to die.Didtu sa barku pagpakakaadláwun,Stay on the boat until daybreak. †pákalv[A; c]1put a large piece into the mouth.Ayaw ipákal ug hurut ang kan-un sa ímung bàbà,Don’t put all the food into your mouth.2stuff a hole.Pakálig batu ang lungag sa ilagà,Put rocks into the rat hole.pakang1v1[AC; ab2c]hit with s.t. fairly good-sized.Nagkapákang ang ílang úlu,Their heads slammed into each other.Pakngag hínay ang silsil,Tap the chisel lightly.2[A; a]rap s.o. on the head.Sira sa kabinit ang nakapakang sa ákung úlu,I bumped my head on the cabinet door.Pakngun ta ka run ug dílì ka mutúu,I’ll rap you on the head if you don’t obey me.ns.t. used to tap or drive s.t. in.(←)v[C; ac]set off one’s debts against each other.Átù na lang pakángun ang átung útang. Ang ímung singku kuntra sa ákung usa ka lungnik,I owe five pesos and you owe me a fifth, so let’s just say we’re even.hiN-(←)afond of rapping.pakang2nflat, pocket-sized bottle of liquor holding 350 cc. (slang).pak-apv[A; a12]pack up.Nagpak-ap na mi kay mularga,We’re packing up because we are about to leave.pákasv[A; a]1slice a fish in two, lengthwise, to dry it.Ákù lang pakásun ning subrang isdà kay ákung ibulad,I’ll split the extra fish to dry them.2break s.t. in two.Pakása ang pán,Break the loaf in two.3[c]share in a bet.Nagpákas sila sa usa ka tíkit,They went in together on one ticket.nhalf of a pair.Pákas sa karsúnis,One of the trouser legs.-in-ndried fish.pakatv[A2; b8]snag s.t., catch.Ayúha ug lábay ímung pasul kay hipaktan ta sa tagà,Throw your fishline carefully because the hook might snag me.pakawa1bowlegged, pigeon-toed.2have an inarticulated elbow, such that one can not straighten his arm.v[B]be bowlegged, pigeon-toed.Mapakaw giyud ang bátà basta pirming sap-ángun,A child will become bowlegged if it is always carried astride.pákaw1n1corncob.2handle stuck into a frying pan with a rounded bottom (kaláhà).pákaw2n1buoy or float made of a long bamboo node 1½″ to 2′ used principally as a marker for fishing equipment.2the part of a floating anchor (paladyaw) that offers a drag, consisting ofwoven coconut fronds.v[A; c]tie this sort of float to s.t., buoy.pakdulv[B126; b8]1knock s.o. on the top of the head.Sakit ákung úlu nga napakdul sa halígi,My head hurts because I bumped it against a post.2stub one’s toes.Mapakdul giyud kag mulakaw ka sa ngitngit,You will stub your toes if you walk in the dark.2a[B1256]mispronounce a word in speech due to haste in speaking or due to the difficulty of pronouncing the word.pakgang1v[A; a12]stop s.t. short.Way nakapakgang sa íyang batásan nga laksut,No one has put a stop to his ugly ways.Gipakgang ku ang íyang pamakak,I put a stop to his lies.pakgang2n1dried sugar cane leaves.2frond of a buri palm.pakgut1(fromgákut)v[A; c]tie s.t. tightly around several things or over an opening so that nothing can budge.Pakgúti ug maáyu ang kináhuy,Tie the firewood together securely.ns.t. to tie around.Ang uway maáyung pakgut sa kartun,Rattan is good for tying around boxes.pakgut2v1[A; ab7]cut, slice with a sickle.Pakgútan sa manananggut ang buluk káda buntag,The toddy gatherer slices a piece off the young coconut blossom every morning.2[A; a]strip an abaca trunk into fibers.Ayaw pakgúta kanang abaka nga butung pa ang tugdan,Don’t strip an abaca plant with a young stem.naction of cutting.pakhanChinese woman whose feet have been bound from birth to make them tiny.paki-prefix added to nouns to form adjectives meaning ‘extremely fond of [noun]’.Paki Núra giyud ning mga batan-un run,The youngsters these days are very fond of Nora Aunor.Pakiayiskrim,Very fond of ice cream.páki, pakì1n1a bar made of bamboo or other light wood put between the upper and lower sail in two- or more-piece sails.2the lower sail in a two- or more-piece sail, which is rolled up when the skipper wishes to reduce the amount of wind which can hit the sail.v[A; ac1]1roll up the lower sails.2make or attach apákibar or lower sail.pakì2a1stiff.Pakì ra ning sinináa pagkaarmirul,This shirt has been starched too stiff.2recently dead, stiff.Pakì na siya pag-abut nákù,He was dead when I arrived.v[ABN; c1]1be stiff, cause s.t. to become stiff.Namakì ang karni nga gisulud sa prísir,The meat in the freezer became stiff.2be dead.pakíbutv[c16]send letters by the paquebot mail service, formerly provided by the Post Office, whereby a mailbox was placed on a boat in which letters destined for the port of call or interior ports are placed.pákidsnpackage, esp. sent by mail.pakig-(←)(seemakig-for illustrations of the tense forms of the active voice.) Derivational verb forming affix, added to almost all roots which refer to an action and also to bases with-ay, (-anay) to form verbs which mean ‘engage s.o. in [such-and-such] an action’.Ayaw pakigkítà níyag usab,Don’t go see him again.Dakù ang ákung tingúhà pakiglákaw níya sa plása,I am very intent on taking her for a walk in the plaza.Ayaw pakigsumbagay ug gamay,Don’t pick a fight with s.o. smaller than you.pakig-an(←)local passive future prefix added to some bases with a prefixpakig-. (Past:gipakig-an(←).Subjunctive:pakig-i.)Pakigsabútan ku siya,I will make an agreement with him.Gipakigbungúlan ku siya,I got onto bad terms with him.Ayaw siya pakigkitái,Don’t go to see her.pakig-iseepakig-an.pak-ilahard and compacted.Pak-il ang kamúti kay wà nímu tabúni paglung-ag,The sweet potatoes came out hard because you boiled them without a cover.v[B; a]become hard and compacted.páking1npacking plant.Nanarbáhu didtus páking sa Dil Munti, magdilatag pinya,Working at the Del Monte packing plant, canning pineapples.-an(→)n=páking.páking2v[A; b]apply packing to a hemorrhage.Duktǔr ang mipáking níya kay nagdugù man siya humag panganak,The doctor applied packing because she had a hemorrhage after her delivery.pákitn1pocket in billiards.2=pákit sáyis.v[AN; c1]pocket money dishonestly.Kinsay nagpákit sa inyung swildu?Who pocketed your salary?Pakítun (ipákit) kunu sa tisuríru ang kwarta sa kapunúngan,They say the treasurer will pocket the money belonging to the organization.— bukna paperback book.— mánipetty cash one has for s.o.’s sundry expenses.— sáyisnflat bottle of liquor holding 350 cc.sayid —nside pocket of a billiard table.sikrit —seesikrit.
pa11still, yet: up to now, up to a specific point in the past.Natúlug pa si Pidru,Pedro is still asleep.Si Huwan pay naabut,So far only John has arrived.1awith measurements: only [so-and-so much] up to now.Tungà pa ug túbig ang baril,The barrel is still only half full of water.1bdílì, walà —1b1not yet.Ang linung-ag nga ságing walà pa malútù,The boiled bananas are not cooked yet.1b2before.Hipúsa ang libru sa dílì pa si Pápa muabut,Put the book away before Dad arrives.Sa wà pay gíra,Before the war.2else, in addition.2awith future verb:[so-and-so] will still happen.Sulatan pa nákù si Husi,I still have to write to José.2bwith a past verb: [did] besides.Human siya sagpáa, gisultían pa ug pait,He was slapped and bitter words were said to him as well.2cwith existential:[so-and-so] also is in existence.Náa pa bay túbig sa baril?Is there any more water in the barrel?2dinterrogative —:2d1what, where, why, etc. else.Kinsa pay muadtu?Who else will go?2d2what, where, why, etc. could it be.Unsa pa ug dílì kwarta?What could it beifnot money?Ngánu pa nga ikaw giyud?Why, oh why, was it you, of all people?2d3unsa, háin -y[noun]-unwhat [noun] are you talking about?Unsa pay radiyúhun nga dúgay nang gikáwat,Whatradio are you talking about when it was stolen long ago.2ein phrases bringing up a new subject:láin —y átùby the way, to change the subject.Láin pay átù, minyù ka na ba?By the way, are you married?mau — diay átùby the way, I just thought of it.Mau pa diay átù, wà ta kadág abridur,It just occurred to me. We didn’t bring a can opener.úsà, ísà, tayim —excuse me a second (lit. one more second).Ísà pa kay ákung pagngun ang radiyu,Excuse me. I am going to turn off the radio.2fin phrases meaning in addition:bísan —even ... too, despite.Bísan pa ang mga bátà giapil,Even the children were included.Bísan pa niánà, dì ku muadtu,Despite that, I won’t go!gawas, lábut —besides.Gawas (lábut) pa niánà, unsa pa may púlung níya?Besides that, what else did he say?labaw —in addition to.Labaw pa niánà tagáan tikag primiyu,And in addition, I will give you a reward.3[predicate] issuperfluous; [do] when one shouldn’t or shouldn’t have to.Ug nagbayadbáyad pa siya nga wà man tu kinahanglána,And he was paying for it when there was no need.Sus! Ipakítà pa giyud níya mu rag dílì baratuhun,Heavens! She has to show off, as if it weren’t s.t. cheap.3a[do] some more so that [such-and-such] a bad thing will happen again.Nasagpaan ka. Panabì pa,You got yourself a slapping. Go on. Blabber some more.Nadagmà ka núun. Sígi, dágan pa,You fell down. Go on. Keep on running around (so you can fall again).3bthat’s what happens when you do [so-and-so].Minyù pa. Mu ra na kag irung panit,That is what you get for getting married. You’re no better off than a mangy dog.3cwalà nay[doubled verb] — didn’t even do [so-and-so] though it is customary.Gipalit níya ang kutsi dihàdihà nga wà nay hangyùhangyù pa,He bought the car, then and there, without even bargaining.3dmau —y[verb][so-and-so] was the case, which was bad enough, but then ...Mau pay kisì, ímu pung iuran ug sígi, nadúnut,It was already torn. You kept wearing it, so it was ruined.3d1mau —y[verb, adj.]... mau —y[verb, adj.]he [did, does] and yet dared, dares to do [so-and-so] in addition.Mau pay sad-an mau pay mangísug,He is at fault, but he dares to get mad.Mau pay nangáyù mau pay mipílì,He is asking the favor and yet he is choosy.4[subject] is still in a group with other things mentioned.Ang íhu isdà. Isdà pa ba ang pági?Sharks are fish; are rays also considered fish?4amálu — nàthat’s not so bad, is it?Sígi málu pa nà ug makadiyis ka,Go ahead. If you make ten bucks on it, that ain’t bad.5in comparisons:even more.Gwápa pa ka kang Maríya,You are more beautiful than Mary.5a[adj.]pay[subject][subject] is more [adj.] than ...Lamì pay lamaw niíni,This is worse than garbage. (Lit. Garbage is more delicious than this.)Lisud pay magkaug mani,It’s harder to eat peanuts than do this.6in quotations, preceded by gen.:[gen.] said.Ug mau tu ang nahitabù, níya pa,And that is all what happened, he said.6amátud —[gen.] [gen.] says, said.Mátud pa níla aku dílì ángay,They say I am not worthy.6bsiya —he said.Kay na, siya pa, unsáun man nákù?Well, said he, what can I do?6csa átù —in other words.Aw, sa átù pa diyis ákung ibáyad nímu,Oh, in other words, ten is what I pay you.7with the apodosis of a condition contrary to fact.Ug walà pa nímu kawáta, ngánung náa man nà nímu?If you hadn’t stolen it, why do you have it?7a[noun]—y[noun, pronoun, adj.] if [noun] were [noun, pronoun, adj.].Aku pay Huwan,If I were John.Aku pay ikaw (aku pa nímu),If I were you.Aku pay dátù,If I were rich.Aku pa nímu, níya,If I were you, him.Kami pa ninyu, níla,If we were you, them.7b[predicate]—y ímu! [so-and-so] is stupendous in quantity, quality (lit. if you could only see [such-and-such]).Mais pay ímu, sus kadaghan!If you could only see my corn. My! There’s a lot.Si Pidru pay ímu, káun giyud tug irù,Believe me, Pedro will eat dog meat, and how!7b1[noun]—y ákùI never thought [so-and-so] was what he was.Si Pidru pay ákù may kirída diay nà siya,I never thought it was possible, but Pedro has a mistress.7c— lámangseelámang,4b, c.7dagad, maáyu —it would be, would have been better if, it would have been good.Maáyu (agad) pa untà ug átung napintálan ang kahun úsà gawía,It would have been better if we had painted the box before we used it.Agad (maáyu) pa ug magtuun ka kay sa magkantakanta,You would do better to study than just sit around singing.7ehináut, básin, básun —I hope that.Hináut pang dílì muulan,I hope it won’t rain.8modifying a phrase referring to time:[so-and-so] recently happened, won’t happen until ...Dílì madala ug bálik ugmà, Huybis pa,I cannot bring it back tomorrow. Not until Thursday.Bag-u pa siya nga milakaw,He left just now.Gíkan pa siya sa Manílà,He is just back from Manila.Karun pa siya muabut gíkan sa Buhul,He arrived just now from Bohol.8a1ayhà, anhà —only then [will so-and-so] happen.Ayhà (anhà) pa siya mulíhuk ug pakit-an ug latigu,He only moves if he sees a whip.8a2dihà —only then [so-and-so] happened.Dihà pa siya mutuun nga hápit na ang iksámin,He only started to study when it was nearly exam time.8bmau —y[abstract form] or [instrumental passive]that is the first time [abstract] happened, [instrumental passive] will happen.Mau pay pagkadungug nákù niánà,That is the first time I heard that.Mau pay ilung-ag ug mudtu na,Don’t cook it until noon. (The first time to cook it when it’s noon.)8c[future verb abstract form] —but then when [so-and-so] was done.Dúgay nákung limpiyu sa salug. Baldiyúhan pa nákù, human dáyun,It took me a long time to clean the floor. But then when I hosed it down, it was finished right away.Pag-abri pa nákù sa subri, wà diay sulud,When I opened the envelope, there was nothing in it after all.dáan —[subject]knew [so-and-so] in advance.Dáan pa lagi ku,I knew that long ago!9much less [do].Dì gánì aku makasulti, kanta pa,I cannot even talk, much less sing.Dì gánì aku makahímù niánà, ikaw pa,I can’t even do that, much less you.
pa2short form forpápa1.Pa, háin man si Máma?Pa (Dad), where is Mommy?
pa3nfa.— mayurF major.— minurF minor.— sustiníduF sharp.
pánk.o. tiny ant, smaller than theutitud, pale yellow in color and does not bite, found swarming over food.v[a4]for food to getpáover it. Cf.pala.
pā̀=pálà1.
pa-derivational verb-forming affix to which inflectional affixes are added without morphophonemic alternation.1referring to actions one has caused s.o. to do (either to s.t. else or to oneself).Palútù ta ug sud-an,Let’s have s.o. prepare (lútù) some food.Palutúun nátù si Maríya,Let’s have Maria cook.Ipalútù ang sud-an,Have the food cooked.Patupi ta,Let’s get a haircut (cause s.o. to cut hair [tupi]).1aadded to adjectives.1a1have s.o. make s.t. [adj.].Ipaitum ang ákung sapátus,Have s.o. dye my shoes black.1a2have s.t. become [adj.].Patambúkun ta ka sa uma,We’ll fatten you up on the farm.1badded to nouns:cause s.o. to do [the action that verbs derived from the noun refer to].Gustu ka ba pabakyà?You want me to hit you with a wooden slipper (cause me to use thebakyà)?Dì ku paulípun,I will not let myself be made a slave.2added to doubled adjectives:pretend to be.Ayaw pasakitsákit dihà,Don’t pretend to be sick!Nagpadiyusdiyusnun ang sungáyan,The devil is pretending to be saintly.3added to nouns:go to [noun].Padaplin ug dì ka gustung hiligsan,Get out of the way if you don’t want to get run over.Papiliw ba ang ímung sakayan run?Is your boat headed for the shallow waters now?
páanthigh, legs from the knees up.v[A12]obtain a thigh for one’s effort in slaughtering domestic animals.(→)v[a12]hit in the thighs.paN-nthe way the thighs are.Hastilag pamáa ning bayhána. Makabúngug,My, how huge this woman’s thighs are. They’re absolutely amazing (lit. deafening).paahannthe upper leg of a pair of pants.
paagpaagastaggering, tottering walk.v[B6; c1]stagger, totter.Nagpaagpaag ang hubug,The drunk staggered in his walk.
páakv1[A; ab2]bite, sting.Gipáak aku sa bátà,The child bit me.Hipaakan ku sa kasag,I got bitten by the crab.2[b2]be caught in s.t.Hipaakan (napaakan) ákung karsúnis sa kadína sa bisiklíta,My pants got caught into the bicycle chain.3[A; a]charge high prices on s.t. sold.Ayaw sad kug paákag maáyu íni,Don’t charge me too much for this.4[A]buy or ask for a small amount of s.o. else’s purchase, just enough to meet one’s needs.Mupáak kug singkwinta stábus sa ímung isdà,Let me buy fifty centavos worth of the fish you have bought.(→)nclaw, pincer of crustaceans.Paak sa kasag,Crab’s claw.pa-v1[A; ac]allow to bite.2[c]hold s.t. with pliers.Ipapaak ang twirka sa alikáti samtang hugtan ang pirnu,Hold the bolt with the pliers while you turn the screw.paN-(→)v[A13]1be biting with heat.Nagpamaak ang kaínit sa adlaw,The heat of the sun is scorching (biting).2bite one’s lips or tongue.Nagpamaak siya sa íyang ngábil sa kasukù,He is biting his lips in anger.-in-ay(→)v[C23]biting each other, kissing lovingly.Lábing kaáyu sila nga nagpinaakay,They were very loving and kept kissing each other.-in-ns.t. acquired from the things s.o. has just bought.-in-an(→)nbite.Wà muskitirúhi si Bungbung. Dì daghag pinaakan sa lamuk,Bongbong wasn’t given a mosquito net, so he got lots of mosquito bites.
paas, páasahaving a tired voice, hoarse from overuse.v[B; c1]for the voice to be tired and hoarse from overuse.Mupaas (mapaas) ímung tíngug ug magsígig tábì,Your voice will become hoarse if you keep talking toomuch.
páaw1v[B12]be anxious about s.t. over which one has no information or over which one has little control.Mapáaw giyud ku níya ug wà siya sa balay sa alas nuybi,I get worried about him if he isn’t home at nine.Napáaw ang amahan kay diyútay na lang ang bugas,The father got worried because there was little rice left.ka-n1need of s.t. which one cannot do without.Way nakatábang sa ákung kapáaw. Wà kuy masangpit,No one helps me in my great need. I have no one to turn to.2anxiety for s.t. over which one has a great concern.
páaw2=pálaw.
pabalúnanseebálun.
pabhas=pahubas,n, v1.seehubas.
pabílun1wick of a lamp.1adrainage, sterile gauze inserted into a wound.1bfuse of dynamite.2cause, agent of intensity.Siya ang pabílu sa kasámuk sa ámung balay,She is the cause of the troubles in our house.v1[A; b6(1)]put a wick in a lamp, fuse in dynamite, drainage in a dressing.2[A; b6]give a cause for a quarrel or misunderstanding.Wà tà tu siya mangísug apan ímu pung gipabilúhan,He wouldn’t have gotten angry if you hadn’t given him cause.
pablikn1public school.Paiskuyláhun ku siya sa pablik,I’ll have him attend public school.2in phrases:— bídingpublic bidding.— disturbanspublic disturbance.— iskúlpublic schools.— markitgovernment-run market.— sirbisgovernment service.
pablikar=publikar.
pabliku=publiku.
pablísirnpublisher.v[B156]be, become a publisher.
pablisitinpublicity.
pablumnpablum, cereal for children.
pabrikanfactory.v1[A; b6]put up, operate a factory.2[a2]make into, put up a factory.3[A; c1]manufacture goods in a factory.
pábunturkey.— riyalnpeacock.
pabura1advantageous to.Ang kasabútan pabur kanátù,The agreement is advantageous to us.— sa hánginhave the wind at one’s back.Túlin ang sakayan kay pabur sa hángin,The boat sails fast when the wind is in back.2in favor of, on the side of.Ang disisiyun pabur kang Rimutígi,The decision was in favor of Remotigue.3within easy reach.Pagbantay! Kay pabur ka ra ba sa ákung tuu!Watch out! You’re in easy reach of my right hand!4move towards.Iirug-irug ang lamísa pabur sa tuu,Move the table more to the right.n1advantage, concession.Nangáyù siyag pabur sa kumpári níyang mayur,He asked a favor from his friend who was the mayor.2port, left side of a ship.v1[A12]ahave the edge or winning trend.Kusug ming musyágit ug makapabur nag ámung manuk,We shout boisterously when our cock gets the edge.bbe in a position to hit, strike well.2[A; b6]favor, take sides.Ayawg paburi ang bísag háing grúpu,Don’t take sides with either group.pa-v[A; c]turn a boat to the left side.pur-please (said in asking a favor).Purpabur ayaw na kug samúka,Please, don’t bother me any more.Purpabur ikúhà kug túbig,Please, get me a glass of water. †
paburítank.o. salt cracker.
paburitismunfavoritism.Dúnay paburitismu ang pagdumálà sa ámung prinsipal,Our principal practices favoritism in the way he runs the administration.
paburítuafavorite.Ang adúbu mauy paburítu kung sud-an,Adobo is my favorite dish.v[B126]become one’s favorite.
padnpad of paper.
pád=pálad.
padayugdugseedayugdug.
pádingn1padding.2padding of the payroll.v1[A; a]put, use, make into padding.2[A; a]pad the payroll.Mipáding sila sa pírul,They padded the payroll.-in-annhaving padding.
padirncemented fence.
pádirntitle for a priest.(→)vocative.
padlaknpadlock.v[A; b]padlock s.t.Padláki ang kusína,Padlock the kitchen.
padlasv1[A; a12]drive s.o. out of the house.Ímu gánì kung padlásun (padlasun) dì ku magduhadúha paglakaw,If you ask me to leave, I will not hesitate to do so.2[A; b5]fish in thepadlasway.nk.o. fishing in shallow or moderately deep waters where a rectangular net is set, into which fish are driven.
padpadv1[A; c]for wind or water to carry s.t. in the current.Ang dag-um nga walà makabundak ganíha gipadpad,The rain clouds did not fall a while ago and were dispersed.1abring s.o. s.w.Unsang hangína ang mipadpad nímu nganhi?What (wind) brought you here?2[A; a]remove s.t. from whatever it was mixed with or stuck to.Padpára ang amursíku sa ímung sinínà,Pull the burrs from your dress.Padpárig pasì nang bugas,Pick out the unhusked grains from the rice.
padpád=paladpalad.seepálad.
padrintitle for a priest.Si Padri Rudrígis Hiswíta,Father Rodriguez is a Jesuit.(→)vocative.short form:dri.
padrǐshort forkumpadri, vocative.
padri dipamilyanmale head of the family.Ang amahan mauy padri dipamilya sa balay,The father is the head of the family in the house.
padrínunsponsor in marriage, baptism, or other religious ceremony.v[AC; a2]become the sponsor in baptism or marriage.
padri nwistrunthe Lord’s Prayer.
padrun1n1pad of paper.2padding, lining.Butangig padrun ang abága sa amirkána,Put padding in the shoulders of the coat.3dress pattern.v[A; b]1put a lining or padding.Siyay mipadrun ug gápas sa lingkuránan,He put cotton padding on the seats.2make a pattern for s.t.Ákung gipadrúnan ang tahiúnun,I made a pattern for the dress.
padrun2nregistry books for newly-born babies of a parish, town, or locality.
padyámanpajamas.v1[A; b6(1)]wear, use pajamas.2[A; a12]make into pajamas.
pag-prefix added to most bases which take the verbal inflectional affixes.1forming imperatives (used esp. afterayaw‘don’t’).short forms:g, orug.Ayaw paglakaw (ug lakaw, glakaw),Don’t go away.Ayaw siya pagpatya,Don’t kill him.2forming infinitives.Gisugdan níya pagtágik ang íyang bálak,He began to compose his poem.Arun sa pagbutyag sa íyang tinagúan,In order to make his secrets public.3forming nouns meaning the action of [do]ing.Dílì maáyu ang pagpalabi,It’s no good to do things to excess.Nakabungkag sa ílang pagpúyù,Destroyed their life together.Ang pagburunda sa simbahan dì na kinahanglan,It is no longer necessary to wear a veil to church.4forming words which mean ‘when [so-and-so] was done’.Pag-abut nákù sa balay, mau say íyang paglakaw,When I arrived at the house, he left.
pág=palag.
paga, pága1exclamation shouted in a game of marbles or for other kinds of pieces, when a player has hit a piece not intended, thus nullifying the game for the player.v[A; a12]to commitpaga.
pága2v[A; b]pay in full.Gipagáhan na nákù ang bayranan sa iskuylahan,I have paid the tuition fees in full.— distínu=pagádu distínu.midiya —half fare.-dunpaid off.Pagádu na ang útang,The debt has been paid off.v[B125]get paid up.-du distínufor a passenger’s fare to be paid on arrival.Pagádu distínu ang ákung paglakaw,My trip was on the payment-upon-arrival basis.v[A]travel on the payment-upon-arrival basis.-díru distínu=pagádu distínu.-durnpaymaster.v[B156]become the paymaster.
pága3n1shelf put above the stove.Limpiyúhi ang mga kúlun ug ibutang sa pága,Clean the pots and place them on the shelf.2platform built close to the roof forming a loft but not extending the entire length of the house.v[b6]put a shelf, loft in a house.
paga-aseepaga-un.
paga-anlocal passive durative affix, future. (Past:gina-an.Subjunctive:paga-i.)For the use of the durative passive forms see the entry underpaga-un.Pagabantayan ang dáwang anihun,Millet that is ready for harvest should be looked at every so often.Ingun sa pagahitan-awan sa íyang hunàhúnà,It was as if it kept appearing in his mind.Ang maung hitabù nahímung ginahisgútan sa mga táwu,That event became the subject of conversation for these people.Pagaabunuhi ang lubi,Keep putting fertilizer to the coconut trees every once in a while.
paga-iseepaga-an.
pagakpakn1sound produced by clapping, clapping of wooden sandals, clopping of horses, and the like.Limpiyang pagakpak,Shoeshine done by slapping a piece of cloth over the shoes with a popping sound.2instrument for making a clapping sound.v[A; c1]make a clapping, clip-clop sound.Ikaw bay mupagakpak sa humayan?Will you sound the clapper in the rice field?Nagpagakpak ang ílang bakyà pag-ági níla,Their wooden sandals made a clapping sound as they passed by.Pagakpákan nátù ang nakadaug,Let’s applaud the winner.
págalv[B12]be broke (slang).Miundang siyag súgal sa dihang napágal na siya,He stopped gambling when he went broke.(→)aflat broke.
pagan, págan=paga.(←)v[A; a12]involve s.o., cause s.o. to be included in a misfortune.Kanang ímung tinuntu mupágan sa uban,That mischief of yours will likely involve the others.Pagkasúnug sa dakung balay napágan ang mga balay nga silíngan,When the large house burnt, the neighboring houses were included.
pagangafor hair to be dry and lack oil.v[B]for hair to become dry and lose its gloss.Mupagang (mapagang) ang buhuk kun sabunan,The hair will lose its luster if you wash it with soap.-unaeasily getting dry and losing luster.
pagantiapaid off.Paganti na ang útang,The debt has been paid off.
pagánunpagans.
pagapak=palagupak.
pagarin1s.t. payable on an installment basis.Mukúhà kug tíbi nga pagari,I will get a T.V. set on an installment basis.2promissory note.Pirmáhi ring pagari arun masigúru,Sign this promissory note to be sure.v[A; b6]sell, pay for s.t. on an installment basis.Nakapagari aku ug sininaun,I got a piece of dress material on an installment basis.
págasnhardened crust on top of a wound.v[B3]form a crust on top of a wound.
pagatpatnk.o. tree of mangrove swamps:Sonneratia caseolarisandacida.
paga-undirect passive durative affix future time. (Past:gina-.Subjunctive:paga-a.)Literary style except in Southern Leyte and Bohol where it is colloquial(with the dialectal prefixa-substituting forpaga-).Forms withpaga-unare used to refer to actions repeated at intervals or after preposed forms meaning ‘it is good, proper, necessary,’ and the like.Ságad pagabasáhun níya ang Biblíya sa dì pa matúlug,She usually reads the Bible before she goes to sleep.Unsay ángay nátung pagabuhátun?What is the proper thing to do?Forms withgina-refer to an action which goes on in time.Ginapasundáyag pa gihápun ang mga dúlà ni Piyuks,Piux’s dramas are still performed.The forms withpaga-aare used when the subjunctive is required, or for the imperatives, in contexts referring to repeated or enduring actions.Ang humay adtu pagadagamíha sa búus,They take the rice on the stalks to the granary, and there they get the rice grains (as they need them).
pagawahoarse.v[BN]become hoarse.Mipagaw (napagaw, namagaw) ang ákung tíngug sa pagsinyágit,My voice got hoarse from shouting.ka-(←)v[A13]be very hoarse.Undang na lang ug kanta dihà uy. Nagkapágaw lang ang ímung tíngug,Stop singing. Your voice is hoarse.-unaof a hoarse sort.
pagáwalseegáwal.
pagawpawafor soil to be used up.Ang yútang pagawpaw gamay nag abut,Leached-out land has a low yield.v[B]be, become barren.-un(→)aworked-out k.o. soil.
pagbav1[A; a]fire objects in a kiln.Ikaw bay mupagba sa mga kúlun?Will you fire the pots?2[B; a12]tan, darken the skin in the sun.Napagba siyag kinalígù sa dágat,His skin got dark from bathing in the sea so much.
paghid(frompáhid)v1[A; b(1)]put s.t. on by spreading.Ikaw bay nagpaghid ug mantikilya sa pán?Did you spread butter on the bread?2[A12; b8]brush against momentarily.Nakapaghid kug bátà sa ákung pagdalìdalì,I brushed against a child because I was rushing about.
paghutv1[A; a12]bark.Gipaghut mu sa irù kay sábà man mu kaáyu,The dog barked at you because you were very noisy.2[A]cough (humorous).Nagpaghut ka lang ánang tantu nímung pag-inubu,You are coughing so much, you sound like you’re barking.n1barking.2action of coughing (humorous).
págingeneral term for rays.
pagiyunnk.o. ornamental bulb, the spider lily:Crinum asiaticum.
pagka-1affix added to most bases which occur with the verbal inflections in one or more of the following usages.1forming a noun meaning the action of having had [so-and-so] done or happen to it.Maáyu ang pagkalútù níya sa kík,He baked the cake well. (Lit. The action of his having baked the cake was good.)Ang kabílin wà maángay pagkabáhin,The inheritance was not divided fairly.Dalì rang pagkamatay,He died quickly.1aforming a noun meaning ‘having done [so-and-so]’.Hustu ra giyud ang pagkaabut ninyu kay dáyun na námung paniudtu,You arrived just in time because we are about to eatlunch.2forming a word meaning when [so-and-so] had happened, had been done.Pagkapalit níya sa pán,When he had bought the bread (lit. when the bread was bought).Pagkakità níya niánà,When he saw that.3forming an infinitive referring to completed action or the coming into a state.Walà maángay pagkabáhin ang kabílin,The inheritance had not been fairly divided.Misamut siya pagkahubug,He got all the more drunk.
pagka-2prefix added to adjectives to form exclamations.Pagkadakù bayà niíning syudára,Gee! What a huge city this is!Pagkabuútan giyud nímu,How awfully nice of you!
pagka-a(←)forms with the prefixpagka-1andpagka-2to which-a(←)has been added.1prefix added to adjectives to form exclamations, with a greater degree of emotion or intensity of the exclamation thanpagka-2.Pagkadakúa sa ílang bag-ung balay!Their new house is absolutely tremendous!2form meaning particular action of having done [so-and-so].Hustu giyud tung pagkaabútaninyu,Your arrival (lit. that particular arrival of yours) was just at the right time.
pagkang=pakgang1.
pagkut=pakgut.
pagpagafor hair to be dishevelled.v1[BN; c1]for hair to be dishevelled.Mipagpag (napagpag, namagpag) ang ákung buhuk sa hángin,My hair became dishevelled in the wind.2[A; b6(1)]agitate to remove dust.Íyang gipagpágan ang ílang mga butang sa abug,She shook the dust out of their things.
pagtungv1[BN; a12]burn, scorch.Napagtung siya sa kaínit sa adlaw,He got burned by the heat of the sun.2[B12; a12]for popcorn to fail to pop.Napagtung ang bitì ug walà mubukad,The corn turned brown and did not pop.athoroughly burnt from baking or being otherwise exposed to heat.Pait ang ságing nga pagtung pagkasugba,Burnt bananas taste bitter.
paguaburnt to a crisp.Dì na ni makáun kay pagu na kaáyu,You can’t eat this any more because it has been burnt to a crisp.v[B]be burnt to a crisp.
páguv[A; c1]welsh on a bet, delay payment.Kinsay nagpágu sa tanang pusta nga nahánaw man lang?Who ran away without paying the bets?Ákù lang úsà ning pagúhun (ipágu) nga pusta,I won’t pay my bet for the time being.n1amount which one failed to pay.Pilay ímung págu kaníya?How big an amount did you welsh on?2comeuppance, just deserts.Mau kanay págu nímu,That’s what you get!
pagùna small brownish bird of the bush, with a body about 2″ in length.
págudv1[AB12; a12]burn, burnt.Baliha ang adúbu arun dílì mapágud,Turn the fried meat to the side so that it will not get burnt.Ínit sa adlaw muy nakapágud (nakapapágud) sa ákung pánit,The heat of the sun burnt my skin.Nagkapagud na ang pán. Dalia pagháun,The bread is burning. Take it out quickly.2[A; a]roast cereals black.Magpágud tag mais pára ikapi,Let’s roast some corn grits for coffee.(→)aburnt.Akuy káun sa pagud nga pán,I’ll eat the burnt bread.Kasagáran sa mga mananagat pagud ug pánit,Most fishermen have deeply tanned skin.-in-ncereal roasted black, esp. corn grits.Pinágud ra giyuy ámung kapi,All we have for coffee is burnt corn grits.
pag-udatough, strong, hardy.Pag-ud ang simintu kay sa káhuy,Cement is stronger than wood.v[B2; a12]become tough, strong.Nagkapag-ud na ang íyang láwas,He is getting stronger now.
pagudpudacrumbling, but hard; brittle.v[B; a12]be brittle.Mupagudpud (mapagudpud) ang tiratíra ug butangan ug mani,Taffy becomes brittle if you put peanuts in it.
pagúhank.o. wild banana with yellow fruit when ripe, with sweet but seedy flesh:Musa errans.
pag-ukagrayish, darkened due to dirt.v[B]be, become grayish or darkened due to dirt.Nagkapag-uk na ang mga bisti nga wà ikaladlad,The clothes that are not bleached are becoming discolored.
pag-ulíngunnk.o. small tree or shrub of the secondary forest:Cratoxylon blancoiandcelebicum.
pag-umangkun(fromanak)nniece, nephew: son or daughter of one’s siblings or of a cousin of one’s own generation of any degree.— sa pag-agáwan (panag-agáwan)child of a cousin of one’s own generation.
pagupaknclapper made from bamboo, banana, or wood.v[A; c1]make such a clapper.
pagúrutsee*gurut.
pagutafor a woman to be forward in making advances to men.Ug manghagad kag láki, pagut ka,If you make advances to men, you are forward.
pagutputn1put-put sound.2croaking sound of frogs.v[A]make a put-putting or croaking sound.Mupagutput giyud ang makina basta may dipirinsiya,The machine goes put-put if s.t. is wrong with it.
pagya, pagyànway of referring to s.o. in a humorous, but indirect way.Layágun ug dunggan si Pidru mu nay nahímung pagyà,Pedro has large ears so that became the way they used to refer to him.v[A; b5c]refer to s.t. by making a joke about it but not naming it.Napagyà karun nga ang dalágang mamatay pabawnan ug alhu,It is a common joke to say that when a spinster dies, they should put a pestle at her side.Gipagyà (gipagyáan) námù siyang pahak,We used to refer to him as scar head.
páhangirdle or abdominal binder.v[A; c]wear a girdle, binder; make into a binder.
páhakv[A; a3b]make a gash, slash or gorge a piece out of s.t.Ang kalabaw mauy nagpáhak sa ámung tágud,The carabao consumed a portion of our seed bed.(→)n1the space left in an area after a piece has been removed.May pahak ang ímung agigísing,There’s a spot on your temples with very short hair.Dakug pahak ang kík, mu rag gikan-an,There’s a piece missing in my cake. I think s.o. touched it.2scar on thehead.Nipsa pagtupi ang buhuk arun dílì makítà ang pahak,Just trim the hair off so you can’t see the scar.
pahamtangseebutang1.
pahang, páhangv[B]smell of food beginning to rot.Napahang na ang sud-an sa paradur úsà níya hikit-i,The food got rancid in the pantry before he found it.(→)ahaving the smell of s.t. rotting.Kapahang sa pípì sa bátà, wà hugási,The baby’s vagina smells terrible because no one washed it.
páhatv1[A3S; ac]divide food, property, money into allocations.Ang gubyirnu mupáhat nímu ug dúsi iktariyas,The government will allocate you twelve hectares.Paháta ang kík sa lima ka báhin,Divide the cake up into five portions.2[A12; b6]get a portion, allocation.Nakapahat (napahatan) siyag dakùdakù kay sa ákù,He managed to get a slightly larger allocation than mine.nallocation, portion.-anannmail section in the post office where mail is sorted and placed in different bags.
pahaw=pagaw.
pahawinseeháwin.
páhinpersonal valet, servant to wait on hand and foot.v[A; c1]be a personal valet.
páhidv1[AN; c]rub on, apply by wiping.Akuy mupáhid ug mantikilya sa pán,I will spread butter on the bread.Pahírig túbig ang inasal,Wipe water over the roasted pig.Ipáhid kini sa tutunlan,Rub this on the throat.1a— ug salàlay the blame on s.o. else.Ayaw ipáhid ang ímung salà nákù,Don’t put the blame for what you did on me.2[A; ab1]wipe slightly to remove s.t.Pahíra ang mumhu sa lamísa,Wipe the morsels off the table.Pahíri ang ímung lúhà,Wipe your tears.Pahíri ang lamísa arun mauga,Wipe the table lightly so that it will get dry.(→)ns.t. used to wipe.paN-v[A2; b1]wipe oneself to remove s.t.Namáhid siya sa lúhà,She wiped her tears away.pahiran, pahiránann1doormat.2rags to wipe the hands.
pahilihíli bágu kíriset phrase from Tagalog:saying one doesn’t want to, but actually be dying to do it.
pahimangnùseemangnù.
pahimulusseepulus1.
pahimús=pahimulus.seepulus.
pahína1npage, leaf of a book.v[A; b]mark, number pages.Gipahináhan ku na ang ripurt,I have already numbered the pages of the report.
pahína2v[C2; a2b]for a group to work on s.t. without compensation.Magpahína pagpatay sa ilagà ang tibuuk baryu káda Sabadu,The whole village works on a project to exterminate rats every Saturday.Gipahinahan sa Pitii ang pagtrabáhu sa iskuylahan,The P.T.A. volunteered to work on the school building.nwork bee to accomplish a certain project.
pahináhinsee*hináhin.
pahinantinworker that does heavy unskilled labor, esp. hauling.v[A1; a12]do heavy unskilled labor.Íya kung pahinantíhun sa ílang trák,He’ll put me to work as a laborer on their truck.
pahinarv[A; c1]fix the hair.Dì ku makapahinar sa ákung buhuk ug aku ra,I don’t know how to fix my hair alone.pahinadur, pahinadúranone who fixes the hair.v[B156]become a hairdresser.
pahitv[AN; a2b7]1bite using the front teeth, for insects or animals to bite.Gipahit ku sa mga umígas,The ants bit me.Pahitan nákug gamay ang ímung pán,I’ll take a bite from your piece of bread.2for animals to go at young corn.Gipahit sa irù ang mais sa anagun pa,The dog went at the young corn.paN-v[A]1bite one’s lips.Nakapamahit ang sarhintu sa íyang ngábil sa kasukù,The sergeant bit his lips in anger.2for heat to be biting.Nagpamahit nga kaínit sa adlaw,The scorching heat of the sun.-in-annbite inflicted on one.Pinahitan sa lamuk,Mosquito bites.
pahiyumseehíyum.
páhùnk.o. small, fibrous mango:Mangifera altissima.
pahugpahugasomewhat stupid.Dílì siya makahímu niánang buháta kay pahugpahug,He is not capable of doing the work because he is such a stupid fellow.v[A; b]roam around aimlessly.Tibuuk adlaw nákung pahugpahug sa syudad,I roamed around the city the whole day.
pahúlìseehúlì.
pahungaa person who acts strange or does things people would consider stupid.Báhu ning pahung nagyasyas lang nang kinarsunisan,Of course he’s a fool, he wears pants too big for him.v[B1]become foolish.
pahunpáhunngeneral appearance, actions.Mu rag giputul nang batáa sa amahan kay amahan giyud ang pahunpáhun,That child is a chip off the old block. He acts and looks just like his father.paN-v[A23]1for the hazy outline of s.o. or s.t. to appear at a distance.Mamahunpáhun ang kabukíran sa sayung kabuntágun,The mountains loom clear in the early morning light.2carry oneself.Mu ra giyud nà siya sa íyang inahan nga mamahunpáhun,She moves just like her mother.ngeneral outline, contours.
pahutv1[A; b]lace shoes.Pahuti sa listun ang sapátus sa bátà,Lace the child’s shoes.2[A; ac]tie with any interweaving knot.Pahuta ang písì pára dílì mabadbad,Make the rope into a looped knot so it won’t come undone.nknot which is interlooped so that it cannot slip, like a square knot or a slipknot.pahutpahutv1[A; a]darn a tear with big temporary stitches.Dalìdaliag pahutpahut ang gising hábul,Stitch the torn blanket quickly.2[A; b6]travel in and out across s.t. as if describing the course taken by a needle in darning.Nagpahutpahut sa kabukíran ang mga girilyíru,The guerillas traveled across the mountains.
pahuyn1scarecrow.2a person who is manipulated by others.Insik ang tag-iya niánà. Pahuy lang nà siya,A Chinaman owns that. He’s just a dummy.Si Markus usa ka pahuy sa mga impiryalista,Marcos is an imperialist lackey.v[AN; c1N]put up a scarecrow.
páigv1[A; a2]roast s.t. till it becomes charred.Magpáig kug bugas nga kapihun,I will roast some rice to make into coffee.2[B12]scorch the skin.Ang adlaw nakapáig (nakapapáig) sa pánit sa mananagat,The sun burnt the fisherman’s skin.3for a business to fail or go bankrupt.Nagsígi mag paútang maung napáig ang ílang tindahan,Their store went bankrupt because they allowed so many people to credit.(→)atotally burnt with only charred remains.Ang kík paig kaáyu,The cake was completely burnt.-in-ns.t. roasted till charred, esp. corn grits, for making into coffee.-un(→)adark in complexion.
paílubnpatience.v[A; c]endure, be patient with.Nagpaílub siya bísag kápuy ang trabáhu,He is patient although his work is wearisome.ma-unapatient, enduring.
paisv[A; b6]cook s.t. by wrapping it in leaves and burying it in live coals.Gustu kung paisan lang ang útuk,I want the brains prepared by broiling them in leaves.-in-anns.t. cooked broiled in live coals.
paisánunone’s compatriot, s.o. from the same town or village.
paita1bitter in taste.2bitter in situation.v[B; a2]1be bitter in taste.Mipait (napait) ang atay kay napusà ang apdu,The liver became bitter because the gall bladder broke.Paita ang timpla sa ákung kapi,Make my coffee strong (lit. bitter).2be a bitter situation.Ang nakapait nímu kay dì ka mamátig katarúngan,What’s bad about you is that you don’t listen to reason.-an(←)a1for pork liver to taste bitter on account of what was fed to the pig.2k.o. 1″ vase shell, the meat of which tastes bitter.v[B12]for liver to get bitter in taste.pa-(←)ndish of Ilocano origin made from goatskin, cut into tiny pieces, and cooked in vinegar with spices and made to taste very bitter by mixing spleen into it.v[A1; a12]preparepapáit.
paknword used in writing to represent the sound of a slap, or explosion of firecrackers.
pakanpincers of shellfish.
pákav[AB12; a]break s.t. off from the thing to which it is attached, become broken off.Mapáka giyud ang pul-an sa kutsilyu ug itigbas sa bukug,The handle of the knife will surely break off if you use it to chop bones.ncuttings for planting, usually of sugar cane.Ákung itanum ang mga páka sa tubu,I’ll plant the cuttings of the sugar cane.
pakà=palakà.
pákànloud cracking sound like that of guns, wood cracking, slapping sound.v1[A]make a cracking sound.Mupákà giyud nang ímung nawung ug dílì ka patúu,Your face will resound with a crack if you don’t listen.Mipákà ang butu sa pusil,The gunshot resounded with a crack.2[A; b6P]for a language to be spoken fast and fluently like a machine gun.Mupákà lang ang ininglis kay Amirikánu siya,His English comes fast and fluent because he is an American.— ang inamangnot talking in a situation where conversation would be normal. (lit., talking like the mutes).Pulus man gud sila mauwáwun, pákà lang ang inamang,They were both shy and they just sat there in silence.
paka-derivational verb forming prefix.1added to adjectives or nouns referring to a person in a certain capacity, forming verbs which occur with the durative active affixes (mag-1) and the direct passive affixes (-un1). With the durative active affixes, verbs withpaka-mean ‘pretend to be, act like [so-and-so]’ and with the direct passive affixes they mean ‘consider as [so-and-so]’ or ‘treat like [so-and-so]’.Nagpakadakung asyindíru,Pretended to be a big plantation owner.Nagpakatigúlang,Acted like an old man.Ángayng pakabathaláun ang bána sa asáwa,A wife should consider her husband a god.Gipakasayun lang nímu ang kaminyúun,You think marriage is an easy thing.2added to most verbs to form verbs with potential meanings (seemaka-1) to which the durative active affixes (mag-1) are added.This form is literary and usually refers to several agents.Nagpakapusta sila sa manuk nga napildi,They bet on a cock that lost.Nagpakabatì sila apan nagpakabungulbúngul,They heard but remained silent.2aadded to a few verbs meaning see, hear, smell, sense, and the like to form verbs which mean ‘cause s.o. to hear, etc.’. Verbs withpaka-of this sort occur only with the potential active affixes.Suntuk nga nakapakakità ug aniníput,A blow that made him see stars.3added to roots referring to a state to form verbs meaning ‘bring oneself or s.o. else into [such-and-such] a state purposely.’ Verbs with thispaka-occur with the active durative and local passive affixes.Nagpakabúhì siya álang sa íyang mga anak,He lived for his children.Nagpakaúlaw kug panghangyù,I lowered myself to beg.Gipakamatyan níya ang yútang natawhan,He gave his life (lit. caused himself to die) for the sake of his country.3aadded to roots referring to a time of day or life: stay s.w. until [such-and-such] a time. Usually with (→).Magpakatigulang ku dinhing dapíta, piru adtu ku magpakamatay sa ámù,I will stay here until my old age, but I will go home to die.Didtu sa barku pagpakakaadláwun,Stay on the boat until daybreak. †
pákalv[A; c]1put a large piece into the mouth.Ayaw ipákal ug hurut ang kan-un sa ímung bàbà,Don’t put all the food into your mouth.2stuff a hole.Pakálig batu ang lungag sa ilagà,Put rocks into the rat hole.
pakang1v1[AC; ab2c]hit with s.t. fairly good-sized.Nagkapákang ang ílang úlu,Their heads slammed into each other.Pakngag hínay ang silsil,Tap the chisel lightly.2[A; a]rap s.o. on the head.Sira sa kabinit ang nakapakang sa ákung úlu,I bumped my head on the cabinet door.Pakngun ta ka run ug dílì ka mutúu,I’ll rap you on the head if you don’t obey me.ns.t. used to tap or drive s.t. in.(←)v[C; ac]set off one’s debts against each other.Átù na lang pakángun ang átung útang. Ang ímung singku kuntra sa ákung usa ka lungnik,I owe five pesos and you owe me a fifth, so let’s just say we’re even.hiN-(←)afond of rapping.
pakang2nflat, pocket-sized bottle of liquor holding 350 cc. (slang).
pak-apv[A; a12]pack up.Nagpak-ap na mi kay mularga,We’re packing up because we are about to leave.
pákasv[A; a]1slice a fish in two, lengthwise, to dry it.Ákù lang pakásun ning subrang isdà kay ákung ibulad,I’ll split the extra fish to dry them.2break s.t. in two.Pakása ang pán,Break the loaf in two.3[c]share in a bet.Nagpákas sila sa usa ka tíkit,They went in together on one ticket.nhalf of a pair.Pákas sa karsúnis,One of the trouser legs.-in-ndried fish.
pakatv[A2; b8]snag s.t., catch.Ayúha ug lábay ímung pasul kay hipaktan ta sa tagà,Throw your fishline carefully because the hook might snag me.
pakawa1bowlegged, pigeon-toed.2have an inarticulated elbow, such that one can not straighten his arm.v[B]be bowlegged, pigeon-toed.Mapakaw giyud ang bátà basta pirming sap-ángun,A child will become bowlegged if it is always carried astride.
pákaw1n1corncob.2handle stuck into a frying pan with a rounded bottom (kaláhà).
pákaw2n1buoy or float made of a long bamboo node 1½″ to 2′ used principally as a marker for fishing equipment.2the part of a floating anchor (paladyaw) that offers a drag, consisting ofwoven coconut fronds.v[A; c]tie this sort of float to s.t., buoy.
pakdulv[B126; b8]1knock s.o. on the top of the head.Sakit ákung úlu nga napakdul sa halígi,My head hurts because I bumped it against a post.2stub one’s toes.Mapakdul giyud kag mulakaw ka sa ngitngit,You will stub your toes if you walk in the dark.2a[B1256]mispronounce a word in speech due to haste in speaking or due to the difficulty of pronouncing the word.
pakgang1v[A; a12]stop s.t. short.Way nakapakgang sa íyang batásan nga laksut,No one has put a stop to his ugly ways.Gipakgang ku ang íyang pamakak,I put a stop to his lies.
pakgang2n1dried sugar cane leaves.2frond of a buri palm.
pakgut1(fromgákut)v[A; c]tie s.t. tightly around several things or over an opening so that nothing can budge.Pakgúti ug maáyu ang kináhuy,Tie the firewood together securely.ns.t. to tie around.Ang uway maáyung pakgut sa kartun,Rattan is good for tying around boxes.
pakgut2v1[A; ab7]cut, slice with a sickle.Pakgútan sa manananggut ang buluk káda buntag,The toddy gatherer slices a piece off the young coconut blossom every morning.2[A; a]strip an abaca trunk into fibers.Ayaw pakgúta kanang abaka nga butung pa ang tugdan,Don’t strip an abaca plant with a young stem.naction of cutting.
pakhanChinese woman whose feet have been bound from birth to make them tiny.
paki-prefix added to nouns to form adjectives meaning ‘extremely fond of [noun]’.Paki Núra giyud ning mga batan-un run,The youngsters these days are very fond of Nora Aunor.Pakiayiskrim,Very fond of ice cream.
páki, pakì1n1a bar made of bamboo or other light wood put between the upper and lower sail in two- or more-piece sails.2the lower sail in a two- or more-piece sail, which is rolled up when the skipper wishes to reduce the amount of wind which can hit the sail.v[A; ac1]1roll up the lower sails.2make or attach apákibar or lower sail.
pakì2a1stiff.Pakì ra ning sinináa pagkaarmirul,This shirt has been starched too stiff.2recently dead, stiff.Pakì na siya pag-abut nákù,He was dead when I arrived.v[ABN; c1]1be stiff, cause s.t. to become stiff.Namakì ang karni nga gisulud sa prísir,The meat in the freezer became stiff.2be dead.
pakíbutv[c16]send letters by the paquebot mail service, formerly provided by the Post Office, whereby a mailbox was placed on a boat in which letters destined for the port of call or interior ports are placed.
pákidsnpackage, esp. sent by mail.
pakig-(←)(seemakig-for illustrations of the tense forms of the active voice.) Derivational verb forming affix, added to almost all roots which refer to an action and also to bases with-ay, (-anay) to form verbs which mean ‘engage s.o. in [such-and-such] an action’.Ayaw pakigkítà níyag usab,Don’t go see him again.Dakù ang ákung tingúhà pakiglákaw níya sa plása,I am very intent on taking her for a walk in the plaza.Ayaw pakigsumbagay ug gamay,Don’t pick a fight with s.o. smaller than you.
pakig-an(←)local passive future prefix added to some bases with a prefixpakig-. (Past:gipakig-an(←).Subjunctive:pakig-i.)Pakigsabútan ku siya,I will make an agreement with him.Gipakigbungúlan ku siya,I got onto bad terms with him.Ayaw siya pakigkitái,Don’t go to see her.
pakig-iseepakig-an.
pak-ilahard and compacted.Pak-il ang kamúti kay wà nímu tabúni paglung-ag,The sweet potatoes came out hard because you boiled them without a cover.v[B; a]become hard and compacted.
páking1npacking plant.Nanarbáhu didtus páking sa Dil Munti, magdilatag pinya,Working at the Del Monte packing plant, canning pineapples.-an(→)n=páking.
páking2v[A; b]apply packing to a hemorrhage.Duktǔr ang mipáking níya kay nagdugù man siya humag panganak,The doctor applied packing because she had a hemorrhage after her delivery.
pákitn1pocket in billiards.2=pákit sáyis.v[AN; c1]pocket money dishonestly.Kinsay nagpákit sa inyung swildu?Who pocketed your salary?Pakítun (ipákit) kunu sa tisuríru ang kwarta sa kapunúngan,They say the treasurer will pocket the money belonging to the organization.— bukna paperback book.— mánipetty cash one has for s.o.’s sundry expenses.— sáyisnflat bottle of liquor holding 350 cc.sayid —nside pocket of a billiard table.sikrit —seesikrit.