§150.
1. Person.2. Person.Reflexiv.Sing.N.ikþu—G.meinaþeinaseinaD.misþussisA.mikþuksikDualN.wit——G.ugkaraigqaraseinaD.ugkisigqissisA.ugkis,ugkigqissikPlur.N.weisjus—G.unsaraizwaraseinaD.uns,unsisizwissisA.uns,unsisizwissik
Note 1.ugkis,igqis, etc., are also spelduggkis,iggqis; cp.§ 67, n. 1.Note 2.The nom. du. 2nd pers. is not extant; it was undoutedlyjut. Forjus(jûs?), s.§ 15, n. 1.
Note 1.ugkis,igqis, etc., are also spelduggkis,iggqis; cp.§ 67, n. 1.
Note 2.The nom. du. 2nd pers. is not extant; it was undoutedlyjut. Forjus(jûs?), s.§ 15, n. 1.
§151. From the stems of these pronouns adjectivs ar derived, the so-calld possessiv pronouns. 1st pers.: m.meins, n.mein,meinata; f.meina,my(mine); 2nd pers.:þeins,thy(thine); refl.seins,his. Plurals: 1st pers.unsar,our; 2nd pers.izwar,your. The only extant dual poss. prn. isigqar, the 1st pers. would beugkar.
Note 1.The inflection of these pronominal adjectivs is identical with that of the strong adj.; concerningunsar,izwar, cp.§ 124, ns. 1 and 4.—No weak inflection occurs.Note 2.The reflexiv*seinsoccurs only in the gen., dat., acc.; insted of the nominativs of all genders and numbers the genitivs of the prn. of the 3d pers. (is,izôs;izê,izô;§ 152) ar employd.
Note 1.The inflection of these pronominal adjectivs is identical with that of the strong adj.; concerningunsar,izwar, cp.§ 124, ns. 1 and 4.—No weak inflection occurs.
Note 2.The reflexiv*seinsoccurs only in the gen., dat., acc.; insted of the nominativs of all genders and numbers the genitivs of the prn. of the 3d pers. (is,izôs;izê,izô;§ 152) ar employd.
§152.
Sing.M.N.F.N.is,heita,itsi,sheG.isizôsD.immaizaiA.inaitaijaPlur.N.eisija[ijôs]G.izêizôD.imimA.ins[ija]ijôs
Note.The acc. and gen. pl. n. and the nom. pl. f. ar not extant, but the inferd forms ar undoutedly correct.
Note.The acc. and gen. pl. n. and the nom. pl. f. ar not extant, but the inferd forms ar undoutedly correct.
§153. The simpl dem. prn.sa,sô,þatais uzed both as dem. prn.,this,that(for the Gr. οὗτος or αὐτός), and, with a weakend force, as articl,the. The latter uze is predominant.—The neuter sing. (like the interrog.,§ 159) has preservd the instrumental case.
Sing.M.N.F.N.saþatasôG.þisþizôsD.þammaþizaiA.þanaþataþôInstr.—þê—Plur.N.þaiþôþôsG.þizêþizôD.þaimþaimA.þansþôþôs
Note 1.The finalas of the dissyllabic forms ar dropt in combination with enclitics beginning with a vowel; cp.§ 4, n. 1.—Forþeifrom*þa-ei, s.§ 157, n. 2.Note 2.The instr. n.þêis preservd only in the combinationsbi-þê,du-þê(duþþê),jaþ-þê(§ 62, n. 3),þêei(§ 157, n. 1), and, likeþana(inþanamais,þanaseiþs), before a comparativ (= E. 'the' in 'the more').
Note 1.The finalas of the dissyllabic forms ar dropt in combination with enclitics beginning with a vowel; cp.§ 4, n. 1.—Forþeifrom*þa-ei, s.§ 157, n. 2.
Note 2.The instr. n.þêis preservd only in the combinationsbi-þê,du-þê(duþþê),jaþ-þê(§ 62, n. 3),þêei(§ 157, n. 1), and, likeþana(inþanamais,þanaseiþs), before a comparativ (= E. 'the' in 'the more').
§154. A compound demonstrativ pronoun is formd by affixing the enclitic particl-uhto the simpl demonstrativ. Cp.§ 24, n. 2. Its meaning is always that of the simplsauzed demonstrativly,this,that(= Gr. οὗτος or αὐτός).—It inflects thus:
Sing.M.N.F.N.sahþatuhsôhG.þizuh[þizôzuh]D.þammuh[þizaih]A.þanuhþatuh[þôh]Plur.N.þáih[þôh][þôzuh]G.[þizêh][þizôh]D.[þaimuh][þaimuh]A.[þanzuh][þôh][þôzuh]
Note 1.The forms in square brackets ar not extant.Note 2.The instr. n.þêhoccurs only in the adv.bi-þêh.
Note 1.The forms in square brackets ar not extant.
Note 2.The instr. n.þêhoccurs only in the adv.bi-þêh.
§155. A defectiv demonstrativ pronounhi-(nom.*his=is,§ 152),this, occurs only in temporal frases in thedativ m. and n.himmaand in the acc. m.hina, n.hita; e. g.,himma daga,to-day;und hina dag,to this day;und hita,til now.
§156.jains(concerning the vowelai, cp.§ 20, n. 4), n.jainata, f.jaina(yon),that, inflects like a strong adj. (blinds,§ 124).
Like weak adjectivs inflectsilba,self, andsama,same, or with the articl:sa sama,the same(cp.§ 132, n. 3).
§157. A simpl relativ pronoun is not found in the Gothic language. A relativ prn. of the 3d pers. is formd from the simpl demonstrativ pronoun by affixing the particleiwhich, when uzed independently, has the force of a conjunction,that, in order that. This relativ pronoun inflects as follows:
Sing.M.N.F.N.saeiþateisôeiG.þizeiþizôzeiD.þammeiþizaieiA.þaneiþateiþôeiInstr.—þêei—Plur.N.þaieiþôeiþôzeiG.þizêei[þizôei]D.þaimeiþaimeiA.þanzeiþôeiþôzei
Note 1.The instr. n.þêeiis uzed only as a conjunction.Note 2.Besideþateioccursþei, which is employd, however, only in combination withƕah(§ 164, n. 1), and (likeþatei) as a conjunction,that. Cp. Beitr., 4, 467; 6, 402; Zs. fda., 29, 366 et seq.Note 3.Insted of the nom. sg.saei, m.,sôei, f., alsoizei, m.,sei(i. e.si-ei,§ 10, n. 2), f., (formd from the 3d pers. of the pers. prn.,§ 152) ar employd. The formseioccurs even more frequently thansôei. Sumtimesizeistands as nom. pl. m. (foreizeiwhich is not found); e. g.,þai izei bimaitanai sind; Gal. VI, 13.—Forizeithe formizêis often found; cp.§ 17, n. 1.Note 4.Concerning the change of finalsbeforeeiintoz, s.§ 78, c.
Note 1.The instr. n.þêeiis uzed only as a conjunction.
Note 2.Besideþateioccursþei, which is employd, however, only in combination withƕah(§ 164, n. 1), and (likeþatei) as a conjunction,that. Cp. Beitr., 4, 467; 6, 402; Zs. fda., 29, 366 et seq.
Note 3.Insted of the nom. sg.saei, m.,sôei, f., alsoizei, m.,sei(i. e.si-ei,§ 10, n. 2), f., (formd from the 3d pers. of the pers. prn.,§ 152) ar employd. The formseioccurs even more frequently thansôei. Sumtimesizeistands as nom. pl. m. (foreizeiwhich is not found); e. g.,þai izei bimaitanai sind; Gal. VI, 13.—Forizeithe formizêis often found; cp.§ 17, n. 1.
Note 4.Concerning the change of finalsbeforeeiintoz, s.§ 78, c.
§158. When a relativ clause refers to a prn. of the 1st or 2nd pers., the relativ particl is affixt to the respectiv pers. prn. Thus,ikei,who(1st pers. sg.); —þuei,who;þuzei,to whom(as in Mk. I, 11);þukei,whom(2nd pers. sg.); —juzei,who;izwizei,to whom(2nd pers. pl.).
§159. The interrogativ pronounƕas,who?(= Lt. quis), is formd from the simpl interrogativ stemƕa-. A substantiv followingƕasoccurs always in the genitiv; e. g.,ƕa mizdônô, τίνα μισθόν; Mt. V, 46.
Sing.M.N.F.N.ƕasƕaƕôG.ƕis[ƕizôs]D.ƕammaƕizaiA.ƕanaƕaƕôInstr.—ƕê—
Note 1.The gen. f. is not extant. The instr. occurs only in the neuter (cp.sa,§ 153).Note 2.ƕashas no plural; cp. howeverƕanzuh,§ 164, n.Note 3.ƕasis also employd as an indefinit prn.; cp.§ 162, n. 2.
Note 1.The gen. f. is not extant. The instr. occurs only in the neuter (cp.sa,§ 153).
Note 2.ƕashas no plural; cp. howeverƕanzuh,§ 164, n.
Note 3.ƕasis also employd as an indefinit prn.; cp.§ 162, n. 2.
§160. From stemƕa-ar derived:ƕaþar,which of two?, andƕarjis,which?A substantiv following is always put in the gen. Both words inflect like strong adjectivs—ƕaþarlikeanþar(cp.§ 124, n. 1),ƕarjislikemidjis(§ 125), f.ƕarja, the n.*ƕarjatalikeƕarjatôh(§ 165).
§161. Compound interrogativs:ƕileiks,what sort of?, 'qualis?' (its correlativ beingswaleiks,such, 'talis'), andƕêlauþs, f.ƕêlauda,how great?, 'quantus?' (correlativswalauþs,so great, 'tantus'). These words inflect like a strong adjectiv.
Note.ƕeleiks(in Lu. I, 29), forƕileiks, is probably miswritn (according to§ 10, n. 5).
Note.ƕeleiks(in Lu. I, 29), forƕileiks, is probably miswritn (according to§ 10, n. 5).
§162. The Goth. indefinit pronounsums, f.suma, n.sum,sumata,sum(Gr. τις, τι), inflects like a strong adjectiv and is uzed adjectivly; with the meaningsum one, a certain one, it is also uzed substantivly.
Note 1.An enumerativ expression issums...sums(= Gr. ὁ μέν...ὁ δέ). In most casesuh(§ 24, n. 2) is added to the secondsums, occasionally also to the first; as,sumai...sumáih, orsumáih...sumáih,sum ... others.Note 2.Also the interrogativƕas(§ 159) is very often uzed as an indefinit prn.,anyone.
Note 1.An enumerativ expression issums...sums(= Gr. ὁ μέν...ὁ δέ). In most casesuh(§ 24, n. 2) is added to the secondsums, occasionally also to the first; as,sumai...sumáih, orsumáih...sumáih,sum ... others.
Note 2.Also the interrogativƕas(§ 159) is very often uzed as an indefinit prn.,anyone.
§163. The enclitic particl-hunis uzed to form indefinit pronouns which occur only with the negativ particlni. Their meaning isno one, none.
(a) The singular ofmanna,man(§ 117), with the suffix-hunmeansno one.—The extant forms ar:
n.ni mannahun,d.ni mannhun,g.ni manshun,acc.ni mannanhun.
(b)ni ƕashun(<ƕas,§ 159), uzed substantivly,no one. It occurs in the nom. sg. m. only.—An analogon toƕashunisƕanhun(<ƕan,§ 214, n. 1).
(c)ni ainshun, the commonest indef. prn., is uzed substantivly (no one, none) and adjectivly (no, not any). A following sb. occurs always in the (partit.) gen.; e. g.,ni ainshun þiwê,no servant; Lu. XVI, 3.—The declension ofainshundiffers in sum cases from that of the simpl formains(§ 140).
Sing.M.N.F.N.ainshunainhunainôhunG.ainishun—D.ainummêhunainaihunA.ainnôhunainhunainôhunainôhun
Note.-hunis also affixt to the acc. sg. of the sb.ƕeila(§ 97, n. 2):ƕeilôhun,for an hour(ni ƕeilôhun, οὐδὲ πρὸς ὥραν; Gal. II, 5).
Note.-hunis also affixt to the acc. sg. of the sb.ƕeila(§ 97, n. 2):ƕeilôhun,for an hour(ni ƕeilôhun, οὐδὲ πρὸς ὥραν; Gal. II, 5).
§164. 'Every' is renderd by affixing-uhto the interrogativ pronouns.
(a)ƕazuh,every. A noun or prn. following takes the gen. Its inflection differs in part from that of the simpl formƕas(§ 159):
Sing.M.N.F.N.ƕazuhƕahƕôhG.ƕizuh—D.ƕammêh—A.ƕanôhƕah—Plur.A.ƕanzuh——
In the pl. only the acc.ƕanzuhoccurs.
Note 1.The indef. relativ 'whoever, whosoever' (Lt. quicunque) is renderd: (1) byƕazuh saeior, withsaprefixt,saƕazuh saei. Forsaeialsoizeiis found (§ 157, n. 3).—These forms ar uzed in the nom. sg. only, the nom. n.þataƕah þei(þei=þatei,§ 157, n. 2) occurs twice: Jo. XV, 7. 16.—(2) byþisƕazuhfollowd bysaeioreiin all cases; the first component,þis, remains uninflected: m. n.þisƕazuh saei, dat.þisƕammêh saei, acc.þisƕanôh saei; —nom. acc. n.þisƕah þei(orþatei), gen.þisƕizuh þei, dat.þisƕammêh þei.Note 2.Here may be observd the adverbs:ƕêh(instr. ofƕazuh),at least, at any rate, only, andþisƕaduh þei,whithersoever,þisƕaruh þei,wheresoever(cp.ƕaþ,ƕar,§ 213, n. 1).
Note 1.The indef. relativ 'whoever, whosoever' (Lt. quicunque) is renderd: (1) byƕazuh saeior, withsaprefixt,saƕazuh saei. Forsaeialsoizeiis found (§ 157, n. 3).—These forms ar uzed in the nom. sg. only, the nom. n.þataƕah þei(þei=þatei,§ 157, n. 2) occurs twice: Jo. XV, 7. 16.—(2) byþisƕazuhfollowd bysaeioreiin all cases; the first component,þis, remains uninflected: m. n.þisƕazuh saei, dat.þisƕammêh saei, acc.þisƕanôh saei; —nom. acc. n.þisƕah þei(orþatei), gen.þisƕizuh þei, dat.þisƕammêh þei.
Note 2.Here may be observd the adverbs:ƕêh(instr. ofƕazuh),at least, at any rate, only, andþisƕaduh þei,whithersoever,þisƕaruh þei,wheresoever(cp.ƕaþ,ƕar,§ 213, n. 1).
§165. (b)ƕarjizuh,every, each.
Sing.M.N.F.N.ƕarjizuhƕarjatôh—G.ƕarjizuh—D.ƕarjammêh—A.ƕarjanôh[ƕarjatôh]ƕarjôh
Note.ƕarjizuhis also compounded with (uninflected)ain:ainƕarjizuh,every one, every, each, n.ainƕarjatôh, dat.ainƕarjammêh, etc.
Note.ƕarjizuhis also compounded with (uninflected)ain:ainƕarjizuh,every one, every, each, n.ainƕarjatôh, dat.ainƕarjammêh, etc.
§166.Each of twois renderd byƕaþaruh; it occurs only in the dat.ƕaþarammêh(Skeir. 46), for the evidently incorrectƕaþaramma(cp. Bernhardt's comment on this passage); —also withain-prefixt (cp.§ 165, n. 1):ainƕaþaruh,each one of two(onlyainƕaþarammêhoccurs; Skeir. 41).