Q.Why dotwopieces ofwoodburnbetterthanone?A. 1st—Because they help to entangle theheat of the passing smoke, andthrow it on the fuel: and2ndly—They help toentangle the airthat passes over the fire, and create a kind ofeddyor draught.
Q.Why dotwopieces ofwoodburnbetterthanone?
Q.Why dotwopieces ofwoodburnbetterthanone?
A. 1st—Because they help to entangle theheat of the passing smoke, andthrow it on the fuel: and2ndly—They help toentangle the airthat passes over the fire, and create a kind ofeddyor draught.
A. 1st—Because they help to entangle theheat of the passing smoke, andthrow it on the fuel: and
2ndly—They help toentangle the airthat passes over the fire, and create a kind ofeddyor draught.
Q.Why doessalt cracklewhen thrown into afire?A. Salt containswater; and thecrackingof the salt is owing to the suddenconversion of the water into steam.
Q.Why doessalt cracklewhen thrown into afire?
Q.Why doessalt cracklewhen thrown into afire?
A. Salt containswater; and thecrackingof the salt is owing to the suddenconversion of the water into steam.
A. Salt containswater; and thecrackingof the salt is owing to the suddenconversion of the water into steam.
Q.Why will not wood or paper burn, if they are steeped in a solution ofpotash, phosphate oflime, orammonia(hartshorn)?A. Because any “al’kali” (such as potash) willarrest the hydrogen(as it escapes from the fuel), and prevent itscombinationwith theoxygen of air.
Q.Why will not wood or paper burn, if they are steeped in a solution ofpotash, phosphate oflime, orammonia(hartshorn)?
Q.Why will not wood or paper burn, if they are steeped in a solution ofpotash, phosphate oflime, orammonia(hartshorn)?
A. Because any “al’kali” (such as potash) willarrest the hydrogen(as it escapes from the fuel), and prevent itscombinationwith theoxygen of air.
A. Because any “al’kali” (such as potash) willarrest the hydrogen(as it escapes from the fuel), and prevent itscombinationwith theoxygen of air.
Q.What is an al’kali?A. The con’verse of anacid; asbitteris the con’verse ofsweet, orinsipidthe con’verse ofpungent.
Q.What is an al’kali?
Q.What is an al’kali?
A. The con’verse of anacid; asbitteris the con’verse ofsweet, orinsipidthe con’verse ofpungent.
A. The con’verse of anacid; asbitteris the con’verse ofsweet, orinsipidthe con’verse ofpungent.
Q.Why does ajetofflamesometimes burst into the roomthrough the bars of a stove?A. The iron bars conduct heat to theinterior of some lump of coal:and its volatile gas (bursting through the weakest part) is kindled by the glowing coals over which it passes.
Q.Why does ajetofflamesometimes burst into the roomthrough the bars of a stove?
Q.Why does ajetofflamesometimes burst into the roomthrough the bars of a stove?
A. The iron bars conduct heat to theinterior of some lump of coal:and its volatile gas (bursting through the weakest part) is kindled by the glowing coals over which it passes.
A. The iron bars conduct heat to theinterior of some lump of coal:and its volatile gas (bursting through the weakest part) is kindled by the glowing coals over which it passes.
Q.Why is thisjetsometimes of agreenish yellowcolour?A. When a lump of coals liesover the hot bars, or the coals below it are notred hot, the gas which bursts from the lumpescapes unburnt, and is of a greenish colour.
Q.Why is thisjetsometimes of agreenish yellowcolour?
Q.Why is thisjetsometimes of agreenish yellowcolour?
A. When a lump of coals liesover the hot bars, or the coals below it are notred hot, the gas which bursts from the lumpescapes unburnt, and is of a greenish colour.
A. When a lump of coals liesover the hot bars, or the coals below it are notred hot, the gas which bursts from the lumpescapes unburnt, and is of a greenish colour.
Q.Why does the gas escapeunburnt?A. Because neither thebarsnorcoals(over which it passes) arered-hot.
Q.Why does the gas escapeunburnt?
Q.Why does the gas escapeunburnt?
A. Because neither thebarsnorcoals(over which it passes) arered-hot.
A. Because neither thebarsnorcoals(over which it passes) arered-hot.
Q.Why does abluish flamesometimes flicker on the surface of hot cinders?A. Gas from the hot coalsat the bottom of the gratemixing with thecarbon of the coals above, produces an inflammable gas (called carbonic oxide), which burns with a blue flame.
Q.Why does abluish flamesometimes flicker on the surface of hot cinders?
Q.Why does abluish flamesometimes flicker on the surface of hot cinders?
A. Gas from the hot coalsat the bottom of the gratemixing with thecarbon of the coals above, produces an inflammable gas (called carbonic oxide), which burns with a blue flame.
A. Gas from the hot coalsat the bottom of the gratemixing with thecarbon of the coals above, produces an inflammable gas (called carbonic oxide), which burns with a blue flame.
Q.Why is theflameof a good fireyellow?A. Because both the hydrogen and carbon of the fuel are in a state ofperfect combustion. It is thewhite heat of the carbon, which gives the pale yellow tinge to the flaming hydrogen.
Q.Why is theflameof a good fireyellow?
Q.Why is theflameof a good fireyellow?
A. Because both the hydrogen and carbon of the fuel are in a state ofperfect combustion. It is thewhite heat of the carbon, which gives the pale yellow tinge to the flaming hydrogen.
A. Because both the hydrogen and carbon of the fuel are in a state ofperfect combustion. It is thewhite heat of the carbon, which gives the pale yellow tinge to the flaming hydrogen.
Q.What islight?A. Rapidundulationsof a fluid calledether, striking on the eye.
Q.What islight?
Q.What islight?
A. Rapidundulationsof a fluid calledether, striking on the eye.
A. Rapidundulationsof a fluid calledether, striking on the eye.
Q.How doescombustionmake these undulations oflight?A. The atoms of matter (set in motion by heat)striking againstthis ether, produceundulationsin it; as astonethrown into a stream, would produce undulations in thewater.
Q.How doescombustionmake these undulations oflight?
Q.How doescombustionmake these undulations oflight?
A. The atoms of matter (set in motion by heat)striking againstthis ether, produceundulationsin it; as astonethrown into a stream, would produce undulations in thewater.
A. The atoms of matter (set in motion by heat)striking againstthis ether, produceundulationsin it; as astonethrown into a stream, would produce undulations in thewater.
Q.How canundulationsof ether producelight?A. Assoundis produced byundulationsof airstriking on theear; solightis produced by undulations ofetherstriking on theeye.
Q.How canundulationsof ether producelight?
Q.How canundulationsof ether producelight?
A. Assoundis produced byundulationsof airstriking on theear; solightis produced by undulations ofetherstriking on theeye.
A. Assoundis produced byundulationsof airstriking on theear; solightis produced by undulations ofetherstriking on theeye.
Q.What isether?A. A very subtile fluid, which pervades and surroundsevery thing we see.
Q.What isether?
Q.What isether?
A. A very subtile fluid, which pervades and surroundsevery thing we see.
A. A very subtile fluid, which pervades and surroundsevery thing we see.
Q.Mention a simple experiment to prove thatlightis produced by rapidmotion.A. When a fiddle-string isjerkedsuddenly, its rapid vibration produces a greylight; and when a carriage wheel revolves very quickly, it sends forth a similar light.
Q.Mention a simple experiment to prove thatlightis produced by rapidmotion.
Q.Mention a simple experiment to prove thatlightis produced by rapidmotion.
A. When a fiddle-string isjerkedsuddenly, its rapid vibration produces a greylight; and when a carriage wheel revolves very quickly, it sends forth a similar light.
A. When a fiddle-string isjerkedsuddenly, its rapid vibration produces a greylight; and when a carriage wheel revolves very quickly, it sends forth a similar light.
Q.Doesheat alwaysproducelight?A. No: the heat of a stack of hay, or reeking dunghill, though verygreat, is not sufficient to producelight.
Q.Doesheat alwaysproducelight?
Q.Doesheat alwaysproducelight?
A. No: the heat of a stack of hay, or reeking dunghill, though verygreat, is not sufficient to producelight.
A. No: the heat of a stack of hay, or reeking dunghill, though verygreat, is not sufficient to producelight.
Q.Why is ayellow flamebrighter than ared hot coal?A. Becauseyellow raysalways produce the greatest amount oflight; thoughred raysproduce the greatest amount ofheat.
Q.Why is ayellow flamebrighter than ared hot coal?
Q.Why is ayellow flamebrighter than ared hot coal?
A. Becauseyellow raysalways produce the greatest amount oflight; thoughred raysproduce the greatest amount ofheat.
A. Becauseyellow raysalways produce the greatest amount oflight; thoughred raysproduce the greatest amount ofheat.
Q.Why is thelightof a firemore intensesometimes than at others?A. Theintensityof fire-light depends upon thewhitenessto which the carbon is reduced, by combustion. If the carbon bewhite hot, itscombustion is perfect, and the light intense; if not, the light is obscured bysmoke.
Q.Why is thelightof a firemore intensesometimes than at others?
Q.Why is thelightof a firemore intensesometimes than at others?
A. Theintensityof fire-light depends upon thewhitenessto which the carbon is reduced, by combustion. If the carbon bewhite hot, itscombustion is perfect, and the light intense; if not, the light is obscured bysmoke.
A. Theintensityof fire-light depends upon thewhitenessto which the carbon is reduced, by combustion. If the carbon bewhite hot, itscombustion is perfect, and the light intense; if not, the light is obscured bysmoke.
Q.Why will notcinders blaze, as well asfreshcoals?A. Theflameof coals is made chiefly byhydrogen gas. As soon as this gas is consumed, the hot cinders produce only aninvisiblegas, called carbonic acid.
Q.Why will notcinders blaze, as well asfreshcoals?
Q.Why will notcinders blaze, as well asfreshcoals?
A. Theflameof coals is made chiefly byhydrogen gas. As soon as this gas is consumed, the hot cinders produce only aninvisiblegas, called carbonic acid.
A. Theflameof coals is made chiefly byhydrogen gas. As soon as this gas is consumed, the hot cinders produce only aninvisiblegas, called carbonic acid.
Q.Where does the hydrogen gas of a fire come from?A. Thefuel is decomposed(by combustion) into its simple elements, carbon and hydrogen gas. (see p.33)
Q.Where does the hydrogen gas of a fire come from?
Q.Where does the hydrogen gas of a fire come from?
A. Thefuel is decomposed(by combustion) into its simple elements, carbon and hydrogen gas. (see p.33)
A. Thefuel is decomposed(by combustion) into its simple elements, carbon and hydrogen gas. (see p.33)
Q.Why does not afire blazeon afrosty night, so long as it does upon another night?A. The air (being very cold)rushes to the fire so rapidly, that the coals burn outfaster, and the inflammable gasis sooner consumed.
Q.Why does not afire blazeon afrosty night, so long as it does upon another night?
Q.Why does not afire blazeon afrosty night, so long as it does upon another night?
A. The air (being very cold)rushes to the fire so rapidly, that the coals burn outfaster, and the inflammable gasis sooner consumed.
A. The air (being very cold)rushes to the fire so rapidly, that the coals burn outfaster, and the inflammable gasis sooner consumed.
Q.Why does afireburncleareston afrostynight?A. Because the volatile gases arequickly consumed; and the solid carbonplentifully supplied with air, to make it burn bright and intensely.
Q.Why does afireburncleareston afrostynight?
Q.Why does afireburncleareston afrostynight?
A. Because the volatile gases arequickly consumed; and the solid carbonplentifully supplied with air, to make it burn bright and intensely.
A. Because the volatile gases arequickly consumed; and the solid carbonplentifully supplied with air, to make it burn bright and intensely.
Q.Why does afireburn more intensely inwinterthan insummertime?A. Because the air iscolderin winter, than in summer-time.
Q.Why does afireburn more intensely inwinterthan insummertime?
Q.Why does afireburn more intensely inwinterthan insummertime?
A. Because the air iscolderin winter, than in summer-time.
A. Because the air iscolderin winter, than in summer-time.
Q.How does thecoldnessof the air increase theheatof a fire?A. For two reasons: 1st—Because cold air being morecondensedthan hot air, contains a greaterbody: and2ndly—Cold airrushes more quickly to the fire, and supplies moreoxygen.
Q.How does thecoldnessof the air increase theheatof a fire?
Q.How does thecoldnessof the air increase theheatof a fire?
A. For two reasons: 1st—Because cold air being morecondensedthan hot air, contains a greaterbody: and2ndly—Cold airrushes more quickly to the fire, and supplies moreoxygen.
A. For two reasons: 1st—Because cold air being morecondensedthan hot air, contains a greaterbody: and
2ndly—Cold airrushes more quickly to the fire, and supplies moreoxygen.
Q.Why does thesun, shining on afire, make itdull, and often put it out?A. 1st—When the sun shines, the air is rarefied; and, therefore,flows more slowly to the fire.2ndly—As the air israrefied, even that whichreachesthe fire,affords less nourishment.
Q.Why does thesun, shining on afire, make itdull, and often put it out?
Q.Why does thesun, shining on afire, make itdull, and often put it out?
A. 1st—When the sun shines, the air is rarefied; and, therefore,flows more slowly to the fire.2ndly—As the air israrefied, even that whichreachesthe fire,affords less nourishment.
A. 1st—When the sun shines, the air is rarefied; and, therefore,flows more slowly to the fire.
2ndly—As the air israrefied, even that whichreachesthe fire,affords less nourishment.
Q.Why does the air flow to the fire moretardilyfor beingrarefied?A. The greater thecontrast(between theexternal air, and thatwhich hasbeen heated by the fire) the morerapidwill be the current of air towards that fire.
Q.Why does the air flow to the fire moretardilyfor beingrarefied?
Q.Why does the air flow to the fire moretardilyfor beingrarefied?
A. The greater thecontrast(between theexternal air, and thatwhich hasbeen heated by the fire) the morerapidwill be the current of air towards that fire.
A. The greater thecontrast(between theexternal air, and thatwhich hasbeen heated by the fire) the morerapidwill be the current of air towards that fire.
Q.Why does rarefied air affordless nourishmentto fire, than cold air?A. Because it isspread out, (like a piece of goldbeaten into leaf); and as a square inch of goldleafwill not contain so much gold as a square inch ofbullion—so, a square inch ofrarefiedair has lessbody, than a square inch ofcold air.
Q.Why does rarefied air affordless nourishmentto fire, than cold air?
Q.Why does rarefied air affordless nourishmentto fire, than cold air?
A. Because it isspread out, (like a piece of goldbeaten into leaf); and as a square inch of goldleafwill not contain so much gold as a square inch ofbullion—so, a square inch ofrarefiedair has lessbody, than a square inch ofcold air.
A. Because it isspread out, (like a piece of goldbeaten into leaf); and as a square inch of goldleafwill not contain so much gold as a square inch ofbullion—so, a square inch ofrarefiedair has lessbody, than a square inch ofcold air.
Q.Why does afireburn more fiercely in theopen air?A. 1st—Because theair out-of-doorsis moredense, than the air in-doors: and2ndly—Because air ismore freely suppliedto a fire out-of-doors.
Q.Why does afireburn more fiercely in theopen air?
Q.Why does afireburn more fiercely in theopen air?
A. 1st—Because theair out-of-doorsis moredense, than the air in-doors: and2ndly—Because air ismore freely suppliedto a fire out-of-doors.
A. 1st—Because theair out-of-doorsis moredense, than the air in-doors: and
2ndly—Because air ismore freely suppliedto a fire out-of-doors.
Q.Why is the air out-of-doors moredensethan that in-doors?A. Because the circulation is more free; and as soon as any portion has beenrarefied, it instantly escapes, and is supplied bycolder currents.
Q.Why is the air out-of-doors moredensethan that in-doors?
Q.Why is the air out-of-doors moredensethan that in-doors?
A. Because the circulation is more free; and as soon as any portion has beenrarefied, it instantly escapes, and is supplied bycolder currents.
A. Because the circulation is more free; and as soon as any portion has beenrarefied, it instantly escapes, and is supplied bycolder currents.
Q.Why does not afireburn so freely in athaw, as in afrost?A. During a thaw, the air is filled withvapour; and, bothmoves too slowly, and istoo much dilutedto nourish the fire.
Q.Why does not afireburn so freely in athaw, as in afrost?
Q.Why does not afireburn so freely in athaw, as in afrost?
A. During a thaw, the air is filled withvapour; and, bothmoves too slowly, and istoo much dilutedto nourish the fire.
A. During a thaw, the air is filled withvapour; and, bothmoves too slowly, and istoo much dilutedto nourish the fire.
Q.Why does afireburn so fiercely inwindyweather?A. In windy weather theair is rapidly changed, and affords plentiful nourishment to the fire.
Q.Why does afireburn so fiercely inwindyweather?
Q.Why does afireburn so fiercely inwindyweather?
A. In windy weather theair is rapidly changed, and affords plentiful nourishment to the fire.
A. In windy weather theair is rapidly changed, and affords plentiful nourishment to the fire.
Q.Why do a pair ofbellowsget a fire up?A. A pair of bellows, (like the wind),drives the air more rapidly to the fire; and the plentiful supply of oxygen soon makes the fire burn intensely.
Q.Why do a pair ofbellowsget a fire up?
Q.Why do a pair ofbellowsget a fire up?
A. A pair of bellows, (like the wind),drives the air more rapidly to the fire; and the plentiful supply of oxygen soon makes the fire burn intensely.
A. A pair of bellows, (like the wind),drives the air more rapidly to the fire; and the plentiful supply of oxygen soon makes the fire burn intensely.
Q.Why is acandle blown outby the breath, and not made more intense, like a fire?A. As the flame of a candle is confined to avery small wick, it isseveredfrom it by the breath; and (being unsupported)must go out.
Q.Why is acandle blown outby the breath, and not made more intense, like a fire?
Q.Why is acandle blown outby the breath, and not made more intense, like a fire?
A. As the flame of a candle is confined to avery small wick, it isseveredfrom it by the breath; and (being unsupported)must go out.
A. As the flame of a candle is confined to avery small wick, it isseveredfrom it by the breath; and (being unsupported)must go out.
Q.Why is asmouldering wicksometimesrekindledby blowing it?A. The breath carries the air to it withgreat rapidity; and the oxygen of the air kindles thered hot wick, as it kindles charred wood.
Q.Why is asmouldering wicksometimesrekindledby blowing it?
Q.Why is asmouldering wicksometimesrekindledby blowing it?
A. The breath carries the air to it withgreat rapidity; and the oxygen of the air kindles thered hot wick, as it kindles charred wood.
A. The breath carries the air to it withgreat rapidity; and the oxygen of the air kindles thered hot wick, as it kindles charred wood.
Q.Why is not the red hot wick kindled by the airaroundit, withoutblowingit?A. Because oxygen is not supplied with sufficient freedom, unless it beblownto the wick.
Q.Why is not the red hot wick kindled by the airaroundit, withoutblowingit?
Q.Why is not the red hot wick kindled by the airaroundit, withoutblowingit?
A. Because oxygen is not supplied with sufficient freedom, unless it beblownto the wick.
A. Because oxygen is not supplied with sufficient freedom, unless it beblownto the wick.
Q.When is this experiment most likely to succeed?A. Infrostyweather; because the air contains more oxygen then,being condensed by the cold.
Q.When is this experiment most likely to succeed?
Q.When is this experiment most likely to succeed?
A. Infrostyweather; because the air contains more oxygen then,being condensed by the cold.
A. Infrostyweather; because the air contains more oxygen then,being condensed by the cold.
Q.Why does apoker,laid acrossa dullfire, revive it?A. For two reasons. 1st—Because the pokerconcentrates the heat, and therefore increases it: and2ndly—Because the pokerarrests the airwhich passes over the fire, andproduces a draught.
Q.Why does apoker,laid acrossa dullfire, revive it?
Q.Why does apoker,laid acrossa dullfire, revive it?
A. For two reasons. 1st—Because the pokerconcentrates the heat, and therefore increases it: and2ndly—Because the pokerarrests the airwhich passes over the fire, andproduces a draught.
A. For two reasons. 1st—Because the pokerconcentrates the heat, and therefore increases it: and
2ndly—Because the pokerarrests the airwhich passes over the fire, andproduces a draught.
Q.Why doseveral piecesofwoodor coal burnbetterthanone?A. When there are two or three pieces of wood on a fire, the air(circulating round them) produces an eddyor draught, which draws up the fire.
Q.Why doseveral piecesofwoodor coal burnbetterthanone?
Q.Why doseveral piecesofwoodor coal burnbetterthanone?
A. When there are two or three pieces of wood on a fire, the air(circulating round them) produces an eddyor draught, which draws up the fire.
A. When there are two or three pieces of wood on a fire, the air(circulating round them) produces an eddyor draught, which draws up the fire.
Q.Why arestovesfixed on thefloorof a room?A. In order that the air,on the lower part of the room, may be heated by the fire.
Q.Why arestovesfixed on thefloorof a room?
Q.Why arestovesfixed on thefloorof a room?
A. In order that the air,on the lower part of the room, may be heated by the fire.
A. In order that the air,on the lower part of the room, may be heated by the fire.
Q.Would not the air of the lower part of a room be heated equally well, if the stoves were fixed higher up?A. No; the heat of a fire has a very little effect upon the airbelow the level of the grate; and, therefore, every grate should be asnear to the flooras possible.
Q.Would not the air of the lower part of a room be heated equally well, if the stoves were fixed higher up?
Q.Would not the air of the lower part of a room be heated equally well, if the stoves were fixed higher up?
A. No; the heat of a fire has a very little effect upon the airbelow the level of the grate; and, therefore, every grate should be asnear to the flooras possible.
A. No; the heat of a fire has a very little effect upon the airbelow the level of the grate; and, therefore, every grate should be asnear to the flooras possible.
Q.Why are ourfeetsocoldwhen we sit close by a good fire?A. As the fire consumes the air which passes over it,cold airrushes through the crevices of the doors and windowsalong the bottom of the roomto supply the deficiency; and these currents of cold air,rushing constantly over our feet, deprive them of their warmth.
Q.Why are ourfeetsocoldwhen we sit close by a good fire?
Q.Why are ourfeetsocoldwhen we sit close by a good fire?
A. As the fire consumes the air which passes over it,cold airrushes through the crevices of the doors and windowsalong the bottom of the roomto supply the deficiency; and these currents of cold air,rushing constantly over our feet, deprive them of their warmth.
A. As the fire consumes the air which passes over it,cold airrushes through the crevices of the doors and windowsalong the bottom of the roomto supply the deficiency; and these currents of cold air,rushing constantly over our feet, deprive them of their warmth.
Q.If a piece ofpaperbe laidflaton a clear fire, it willnot blaze, butchar. Why so?A. The carbon of a clear fire, being sufficiently hot to unite with the oxygen of the air,produces carbonic acid gas,which soon envelops the paper laid flat upon the cinders: but carbonic acid gas will notblaze.
Q.If a piece ofpaperbe laidflaton a clear fire, it willnot blaze, butchar. Why so?
Q.If a piece ofpaperbe laidflaton a clear fire, it willnot blaze, butchar. Why so?
A. The carbon of a clear fire, being sufficiently hot to unite with the oxygen of the air,produces carbonic acid gas,which soon envelops the paper laid flat upon the cinders: but carbonic acid gas will notblaze.
A. The carbon of a clear fire, being sufficiently hot to unite with the oxygen of the air,produces carbonic acid gas,which soon envelops the paper laid flat upon the cinders: but carbonic acid gas will notblaze.
Q.If youblowthe paper, it willblazeimmediately. Why so?A. By blowing, or opening the door suddenly,the carbonic acid is dissipated, and the paper is instantly fanned into flame.
Q.If youblowthe paper, it willblazeimmediately. Why so?
Q.If youblowthe paper, it willblazeimmediately. Why so?
A. By blowing, or opening the door suddenly,the carbonic acid is dissipated, and the paper is instantly fanned into flame.
A. By blowing, or opening the door suddenly,the carbonic acid is dissipated, and the paper is instantly fanned into flame.
Q.Why doeswater extinguishafire?1st—Because the waterforms a coatingover the fuel, and keeps it from the air:2ndly—The conversion ofwater into steam, draws off theheatof the burning fuel.
Q.Why doeswater extinguishafire?1st—Because the waterforms a coatingover the fuel, and keeps it from the air:2ndly—The conversion ofwater into steam, draws off theheatof the burning fuel.
Q.Why doeswater extinguishafire?
1st—Because the waterforms a coatingover the fuel, and keeps it from the air:
2ndly—The conversion ofwater into steam, draws off theheatof the burning fuel.
Q.Why does alittle watermake a firefiercer, while alargerquantity of water puts itout?A. Water is composed ofoxygen and hydrogen; when, therefore, the fire can decompose the water into its simple elements, it serves forfuelto the flame.
Q.Why does alittle watermake a firefiercer, while alargerquantity of water puts itout?
Q.Why does alittle watermake a firefiercer, while alargerquantity of water puts itout?
A. Water is composed ofoxygen and hydrogen; when, therefore, the fire can decompose the water into its simple elements, it serves forfuelto the flame.
A. Water is composed ofoxygen and hydrogen; when, therefore, the fire can decompose the water into its simple elements, it serves forfuelto the flame.
Q.How canwaterserve forfuelto fire?A. Thehydrogenof the water will burn with aflame; and theoxygenof the water will increase theintensityof that flame.
Q.How canwaterserve forfuelto fire?
Q.How canwaterserve forfuelto fire?
A. Thehydrogenof the water will burn with aflame; and theoxygenof the water will increase theintensityof that flame.
A. Thehydrogenof the water will burn with aflame; and theoxygenof the water will increase theintensityof that flame.
Q.If a house be on fire, is toolittlewater worse thannowater at all?A. Certainly. Unless the water be supplied so plentifully asto quench the fire, it will increase theintensity, like fuel.
Q.If a house be on fire, is toolittlewater worse thannowater at all?
Q.If a house be on fire, is toolittlewater worse thannowater at all?
A. Certainly. Unless the water be supplied so plentifully asto quench the fire, it will increase theintensity, like fuel.
A. Certainly. Unless the water be supplied so plentifully asto quench the fire, it will increase theintensity, like fuel.
Q.When will waterextinguish fire?A. When the supply is so rapid and abundant, that the fire cannotconvert it into steam.
Q.When will waterextinguish fire?
Q.When will waterextinguish fire?
A. When the supply is so rapid and abundant, that the fire cannotconvert it into steam.
A. When the supply is so rapid and abundant, that the fire cannotconvert it into steam.
Q.Does not a verylittlewaterslackenthe heat of fire?A. Yes,till it is converted into steam; but then it increases theintensityof fire, and acts like fuel.
Q.Does not a verylittlewaterslackenthe heat of fire?
Q.Does not a verylittlewaterslackenthe heat of fire?
A. Yes,till it is converted into steam; but then it increases theintensityof fire, and acts like fuel.
A. Yes,till it is converted into steam; but then it increases theintensityof fire, and acts like fuel.
Q.Why does thewickof a candle (when the flame has been blown out)catch fireso readily?A. As the wick is alreadyvery hot, a littleextraheat will throw it into flame.
Q.Why does thewickof a candle (when the flame has been blown out)catch fireso readily?
Q.Why does thewickof a candle (when the flame has been blown out)catch fireso readily?
A. As the wick is alreadyvery hot, a littleextraheat will throw it into flame.
A. As the wick is alreadyvery hot, a littleextraheat will throw it into flame.
Q.Why does theextraheat revive the flame?A. Because it again liberates thehydrogenof the tallow, and ignites it.
Q.Why does theextraheat revive the flame?
Q.Why does theextraheat revive the flame?
A. Because it again liberates thehydrogenof the tallow, and ignites it.
A. Because it again liberates thehydrogenof the tallow, and ignites it.
Q.Cannotwoodbe made toblazewithout actual contact with fire?A. Yes; if a piece of wood be heldnearthe fire for a little time it will blaze, even though it does nottouchthe fire.
Q.Cannotwoodbe made toblazewithout actual contact with fire?
Q.Cannotwoodbe made toblazewithout actual contact with fire?
A. Yes; if a piece of wood be heldnearthe fire for a little time it will blaze, even though it does nottouchthe fire.
A. Yes; if a piece of wood be heldnearthe fire for a little time it will blaze, even though it does nottouchthe fire.
Q.Why willwood blaze, even if it does not touch the fire?A. The heat of the firedrives out the hydrogen gasof the wood; which is inflamed by contact with the red-hot coals.
Q.Why willwood blaze, even if it does not touch the fire?
Q.Why willwood blaze, even if it does not touch the fire?
A. The heat of the firedrives out the hydrogen gasof the wood; which is inflamed by contact with the red-hot coals.
A. The heat of the firedrives out the hydrogen gasof the wood; which is inflamed by contact with the red-hot coals.
Q.Why will aneighbour’s housesometimescatch fire, though no flame of the burning house ever touches it?A. The heat of the burning house sets at libertythe hydrogen gasof the neighbouring wood-work, which is ignited by the flames or red-hot bricks of the house on fire.
Q.Why will aneighbour’s housesometimescatch fire, though no flame of the burning house ever touches it?
Q.Why will aneighbour’s housesometimescatch fire, though no flame of the burning house ever touches it?
A. The heat of the burning house sets at libertythe hydrogen gasof the neighbouring wood-work, which is ignited by the flames or red-hot bricks of the house on fire.
A. The heat of the burning house sets at libertythe hydrogen gasof the neighbouring wood-work, which is ignited by the flames or red-hot bricks of the house on fire.
Q.What iscoke?A. Coal freed from its volatile gases, by the action of artificial heat.
Q.What iscoke?
Q.What iscoke?
A. Coal freed from its volatile gases, by the action of artificial heat.
A. Coal freed from its volatile gases, by the action of artificial heat.
Q.Why doarnott’s stovessometimessmellso strong ofsulphur?A. The fire is made of coke, which contains sulphur; and, whenever the draught is not rapid enoughto drive the sulphur up the flue, it is emitted into the room.
Q.Why doarnott’s stovessometimessmellso strong ofsulphur?
Q.Why doarnott’s stovessometimessmellso strong ofsulphur?
A. The fire is made of coke, which contains sulphur; and, whenever the draught is not rapid enoughto drive the sulphur up the flue, it is emitted into the room.
A. The fire is made of coke, which contains sulphur; and, whenever the draught is not rapid enoughto drive the sulphur up the flue, it is emitted into the room.
Q.What is meant byspontaneous combustion?A. Ignition produced by the action ofone uninflamedbody on another.
Q.What is meant byspontaneous combustion?
Q.What is meant byspontaneous combustion?
A. Ignition produced by the action ofone uninflamedbody on another.
A. Ignition produced by the action ofone uninflamedbody on another.
Q.Give an example of spontaneous combustion.A. Goods packed in a warehouse will often catch fire ofthemselves; especially such goods as cotton, flax, hemp, rags, &c.
Q.Give an example of spontaneous combustion.
Q.Give an example of spontaneous combustion.
A. Goods packed in a warehouse will often catch fire ofthemselves; especially such goods as cotton, flax, hemp, rags, &c.
A. Goods packed in a warehouse will often catch fire ofthemselves; especially such goods as cotton, flax, hemp, rags, &c.
Q.Why do suchgoodssometimescatch fireof themselves?A. Because they are piled together in verygreat massesin adampstate or place.
Q.Why do suchgoodssometimescatch fireof themselves?
Q.Why do suchgoodssometimescatch fireof themselves?
A. Because they are piled together in verygreat massesin adampstate or place.
A. Because they are piled together in verygreat massesin adampstate or place.
Q.Why does this produce spontaneous combustion?A. The damp producesdecayor the decomposition of the goods, and the great heat of the piled-up mass makes the decaying goodsferment.
Q.Why does this produce spontaneous combustion?
Q.Why does this produce spontaneous combustion?
A. The damp producesdecayor the decomposition of the goods, and the great heat of the piled-up mass makes the decaying goodsferment.
A. The damp producesdecayor the decomposition of the goods, and the great heat of the piled-up mass makes the decaying goodsferment.
Q.How does thisfermentationproducecombustion?A. During fermentation,carbonic acid gasis given off by the goods,—a slow combustion ensues,—till at length thewhole pilebursts intoflame.
Q.How does thisfermentationproducecombustion?
Q.How does thisfermentationproducecombustion?
A. During fermentation,carbonic acid gasis given off by the goods,—a slow combustion ensues,—till at length thewhole pilebursts intoflame.
A. During fermentation,carbonic acid gasis given off by the goods,—a slow combustion ensues,—till at length thewhole pilebursts intoflame.
Q.Why is theheatof alarge massof goodsgreaterthan that of a smaller quantity?A. Because compressionsqueezes outheat, as water is squeezed from a sponge; and as the goods of a large pile are greatlycompressed, much of their latent heat issqueezed out.
Q.Why is theheatof alarge massof goodsgreaterthan that of a smaller quantity?
Q.Why is theheatof alarge massof goodsgreaterthan that of a smaller quantity?
A. Because compressionsqueezes outheat, as water is squeezed from a sponge; and as the goods of a large pile are greatlycompressed, much of their latent heat issqueezed out.
A. Because compressionsqueezes outheat, as water is squeezed from a sponge; and as the goods of a large pile are greatlycompressed, much of their latent heat issqueezed out.
Q.Why dohay-stackssometimescatch fireof themselves?A. Either because the hay was got updamp, or because rain has penetrated the stack.
Q.Why dohay-stackssometimescatch fireof themselves?
Q.Why dohay-stackssometimescatch fireof themselves?
A. Either because the hay was got updamp, or because rain has penetrated the stack.
A. Either because the hay was got updamp, or because rain has penetrated the stack.
Q.Why will ahay-stack catch fireif the hay be damp?A. Damp hay soondecays, and undergoes astate of fermentation; during which,carbonic acid gasis given off, and the stack catchesfire.
Q.Why will ahay-stack catch fireif the hay be damp?
Q.Why will ahay-stack catch fireif the hay be damp?
A. Damp hay soondecays, and undergoes astate of fermentation; during which,carbonic acid gasis given off, and the stack catchesfire.
A. Damp hay soondecays, and undergoes astate of fermentation; during which,carbonic acid gasis given off, and the stack catchesfire.
Q.Why does roastedcoffeesometimescatch firespontaneously?A. Theheatof coffee is greatly increased by beingroasted; and thecarbon of the coffeeuniting with theoxygen of the air, producescarbonic acid gas, and bursts intoflame.
Q.Why does roastedcoffeesometimescatch firespontaneously?
Q.Why does roastedcoffeesometimescatch firespontaneously?
A. Theheatof coffee is greatly increased by beingroasted; and thecarbon of the coffeeuniting with theoxygen of the air, producescarbonic acid gas, and bursts intoflame.
A. Theheatof coffee is greatly increased by beingroasted; and thecarbon of the coffeeuniting with theoxygen of the air, producescarbonic acid gas, and bursts intoflame.
Q.Why do oldrags, used forcleaning lampsandcandles, sometimes set ahouseon FIRE?A. Because they very readilyferment, and (during fermentation) throw off exceedingly inflammable gases.(N.B. Lamp-black mixed with linseed oil is more liable to spontaneous combustion, than anything that servants handle.)
Q.Why do oldrags, used forcleaning lampsandcandles, sometimes set ahouseon FIRE?
Q.Why do oldrags, used forcleaning lampsandcandles, sometimes set ahouseon FIRE?
A. Because they very readilyferment, and (during fermentation) throw off exceedingly inflammable gases.(N.B. Lamp-black mixed with linseed oil is more liable to spontaneous combustion, than anything that servants handle.)
A. Because they very readilyferment, and (during fermentation) throw off exceedingly inflammable gases.
(N.B. Lamp-black mixed with linseed oil is more liable to spontaneous combustion, than anything that servants handle.)
Q.Why doessmoke ascendthe chimney?A. As the air of the room passes over the fire, it becomesheated; and (being thus madelighter,) ascends the chimney, carrying the smoke with it.
Q.Why doessmoke ascendthe chimney?
Q.Why doessmoke ascendthe chimney?
A. As the air of the room passes over the fire, it becomesheated; and (being thus madelighter,) ascends the chimney, carrying the smoke with it.
A. As the air of the room passes over the fire, it becomesheated; and (being thus madelighter,) ascends the chimney, carrying the smoke with it.
Q.What issmoke?A. Small particles of carbon, separated by combustion from the fuel, but notconsumed.
Q.What issmoke?
Q.What issmoke?
A. Small particles of carbon, separated by combustion from the fuel, but notconsumed.
A. Small particles of carbon, separated by combustion from the fuel, but notconsumed.
Q.Why dosmokeand steamcurl, as they ascend?A. Because they are moved in aright line, and thenpushed on all sides; and this forces them into acircularmotion.
Q.Why dosmokeand steamcurl, as they ascend?
Q.Why dosmokeand steamcurl, as they ascend?
A. Because they are moved in aright line, and thenpushed on all sides; and this forces them into acircularmotion.
A. Because they are moved in aright line, and thenpushed on all sides; and this forces them into acircularmotion.
Q.What areblacks?A. When the hot air of the chimney has been cooled by theexternalair, it can no longerbuoy upthe solid smoke; so it falls to the earth in condensed flakes, called “blacks.”
Q.What areblacks?
Q.What areblacks?
A. When the hot air of the chimney has been cooled by theexternalair, it can no longerbuoy upthe solid smoke; so it falls to the earth in condensed flakes, called “blacks.”
A. When the hot air of the chimney has been cooled by theexternalair, it can no longerbuoy upthe solid smoke; so it falls to the earth in condensed flakes, called “blacks.”
Q.Why are thereno blacksin the smoke of arailwayengine?A. The smoke of a railway engine consists chiefly ofwatery vapour, which dissolves in air, as sugar does in water; but the smoke of a common chimney consists of small fragments ofunburnt fuel.
Q.Why are thereno blacksin the smoke of arailwayengine?
Q.Why are thereno blacksin the smoke of arailwayengine?
A. The smoke of a railway engine consists chiefly ofwatery vapour, which dissolves in air, as sugar does in water; but the smoke of a common chimney consists of small fragments ofunburnt fuel.
A. The smoke of a railway engine consists chiefly ofwatery vapour, which dissolves in air, as sugar does in water; but the smoke of a common chimney consists of small fragments ofunburnt fuel.
Q.Why does a“COPPER HOLE” DRAWup more fiercely than anopenstove?A. As the air, which supplies the copper hole, must passthrough the furnace, it becomes exceedinglyheated, and rushes up the chimney with great violence.
Q.Why does a“COPPER HOLE” DRAWup more fiercely than anopenstove?
Q.Why does a“COPPER HOLE” DRAWup more fiercely than anopenstove?
A. As the air, which supplies the copper hole, must passthrough the furnace, it becomes exceedinglyheated, and rushes up the chimney with great violence.
A. As the air, which supplies the copper hole, must passthrough the furnace, it becomes exceedinglyheated, and rushes up the chimney with great violence.
Q.What produces theroaringnoise made by acopper-holefire?A. Air rushing rapidly through the crevices of theiron door, and up thechimney flue.
Q.What produces theroaringnoise made by acopper-holefire?
Q.What produces theroaringnoise made by acopper-holefire?
A. Air rushing rapidly through the crevices of theiron door, and up thechimney flue.
A. Air rushing rapidly through the crevices of theiron door, and up thechimney flue.
Q.Why is theroar less, if the copper-holedoorbe thrownopen?A. Becausefreshair gets access to the firemore easily; and as the air is not so intensely heated, its motion is not soviolent.
Q.Why is theroar less, if the copper-holedoorbe thrownopen?
Q.Why is theroar less, if the copper-holedoorbe thrownopen?
A. Becausefreshair gets access to the firemore easily; and as the air is not so intensely heated, its motion is not soviolent.
A. Becausefreshair gets access to the firemore easily; and as the air is not so intensely heated, its motion is not soviolent.
Q.Why do somechimneys smoke?A. If fresh air is not admitted into a room,as fast as it is consumed by the fire, a current of airwill rush down the chimneytosupply the deficiency, and bring the smoke along with it.
Q.Why do somechimneys smoke?
Q.Why do somechimneys smoke?
A. If fresh air is not admitted into a room,as fast as it is consumed by the fire, a current of airwill rush down the chimneytosupply the deficiency, and bring the smoke along with it.
A. If fresh air is not admitted into a room,as fast as it is consumed by the fire, a current of airwill rush down the chimneytosupply the deficiency, and bring the smoke along with it.
Q.What prevents air being supplied, as fast as it is consumed by the fire?A. Leather and curtains round the doors; sand-bags at the threshhold and on the window-frames; and other contrivances to keep out the draught.
Q.What prevents air being supplied, as fast as it is consumed by the fire?
Q.What prevents air being supplied, as fast as it is consumed by the fire?
A. Leather and curtains round the doors; sand-bags at the threshhold and on the window-frames; and other contrivances to keep out the draught.
A. Leather and curtains round the doors; sand-bags at the threshhold and on the window-frames; and other contrivances to keep out the draught.
Q.Why is it needful for cold fresh air to be so constantly supplied?A. If water be taken with a pail out of a river,otherwater will rush towards the hole, as soon as the pail is lifted out; and if air be taken from a room, (as it is, when some of it goes up the chimney)other airwill rush towards the void to fill it up.
Q.Why is it needful for cold fresh air to be so constantly supplied?
Q.Why is it needful for cold fresh air to be so constantly supplied?
A. If water be taken with a pail out of a river,otherwater will rush towards the hole, as soon as the pail is lifted out; and if air be taken from a room, (as it is, when some of it goes up the chimney)other airwill rush towards the void to fill it up.
A. If water be taken with a pail out of a river,otherwater will rush towards the hole, as soon as the pail is lifted out; and if air be taken from a room, (as it is, when some of it goes up the chimney)other airwill rush towards the void to fill it up.
Q.Why will it come down the chimney?A. Because if doors and windows are all madeair-tight, it can get to the room in nootherway.
Q.Why will it come down the chimney?
Q.Why will it come down the chimney?
A. Because if doors and windows are all madeair-tight, it can get to the room in nootherway.
A. Because if doors and windows are all madeair-tight, it can get to the room in nootherway.
Q.What is the bestremedyin such a case?A. Thespeediestremedy is to open the door or window: but by far thebestremedy is to carry a small tube from the hearth into the external air.
Q.What is the bestremedyin such a case?
Q.What is the bestremedyin such a case?
A. Thespeediestremedy is to open the door or window: but by far thebestremedy is to carry a small tube from the hearth into the external air.
A. Thespeediestremedy is to open the door or window: but by far thebestremedy is to carry a small tube from the hearth into the external air.
Q.Why is that thebestremedy?A. Because the fire will be plentifully supplied with air by the tube; the doors and windows may all remain air-tight; and we may enjoy a warm fireside, without the inconvenience of draughts and cold feet.
Q.Why is that thebestremedy?
Q.Why is that thebestremedy?
A. Because the fire will be plentifully supplied with air by the tube; the doors and windows may all remain air-tight; and we may enjoy a warm fireside, without the inconvenience of draughts and cold feet.
A. Because the fire will be plentifully supplied with air by the tube; the doors and windows may all remain air-tight; and we may enjoy a warm fireside, without the inconvenience of draughts and cold feet.
Q.Why is achimneyraised so high above theroof?A. If it were not so, it would smoke; as all funnels do which are too short.
Q.Why is achimneyraised so high above theroof?
Q.Why is achimneyraised so high above theroof?
A. If it were not so, it would smoke; as all funnels do which are too short.
A. If it were not so, it would smoke; as all funnels do which are too short.
Q.What is meant by the funnel, or flue of a chimney?A. That part of a chimney through whichthe smoke passes, is called the funnel, or flue.
Q.What is meant by the funnel, or flue of a chimney?
Q.What is meant by the funnel, or flue of a chimney?
A. That part of a chimney through whichthe smoke passes, is called the funnel, or flue.
A. That part of a chimney through whichthe smoke passes, is called the funnel, or flue.
Q.Why does achimney smoke, if the funnel be very short?A. Because thedraughtof a short flueis too slackto carry the smoke up the chimney.
Q.Why does achimney smoke, if the funnel be very short?
Q.Why does achimney smoke, if the funnel be very short?
A. Because thedraughtof a short flueis too slackto carry the smoke up the chimney.
A. Because thedraughtof a short flueis too slackto carry the smoke up the chimney.
Q.Why is thedraughtof ashort fluemoreslackthat that of a long one?A. For many reasons. 1st—The fire is always dull and sluggishif the chimney be too short.2ndly—The smoke rollsoutof the chimney, before it has acquired itsfull velocity.3rdly—The wind, rain, and air, have more influence over ashortfunnel, than over alongone.
Q.Why is thedraughtof ashort fluemoreslackthat that of a long one?
Q.Why is thedraughtof ashort fluemoreslackthat that of a long one?
A. For many reasons. 1st—The fire is always dull and sluggishif the chimney be too short.2ndly—The smoke rollsoutof the chimney, before it has acquired itsfull velocity.3rdly—The wind, rain, and air, have more influence over ashortfunnel, than over alongone.
A. For many reasons. 1st—The fire is always dull and sluggishif the chimney be too short.
2ndly—The smoke rollsoutof the chimney, before it has acquired itsfull velocity.
3rdly—The wind, rain, and air, have more influence over ashortfunnel, than over alongone.
Q.Why is thefirealwaysdulland sluggish if thechimney-fluebe veryshort?A. Because the draught is so bad: and as the rarefied airpasses up the chimney very tardily,fresh airflows as tardilytowards the fire, to supply it withoxygen.
Q.Why is thefirealwaysdulland sluggish if thechimney-fluebe veryshort?
Q.Why is thefirealwaysdulland sluggish if thechimney-fluebe veryshort?
A. Because the draught is so bad: and as the rarefied airpasses up the chimney very tardily,fresh airflows as tardilytowards the fire, to supply it withoxygen.
A. Because the draught is so bad: and as the rarefied airpasses up the chimney very tardily,fresh airflows as tardilytowards the fire, to supply it withoxygen.
Q.On what does theintensityof fire depend?A. Theintensityof fire is always in proportion to thequantity of oxygenwith which it is supplied.
Q.On what does theintensityof fire depend?
Q.On what does theintensityof fire depend?
A. Theintensityof fire is always in proportion to thequantity of oxygenwith which it is supplied.
A. Theintensityof fire is always in proportion to thequantity of oxygenwith which it is supplied.
Q.Why does notsmokeacquire its fullvelocityin ashortfunnel?A. Because thehighersmoke ascends in a flue, (provided it be clear and hot) thefasterit goes; (as a stone falls faster and faster the lower it descends): if, therefore, afunnel be very short, the smoke never acquires its full velocity.
Q.Why does notsmokeacquire its fullvelocityin ashortfunnel?
Q.Why does notsmokeacquire its fullvelocityin ashortfunnel?
A. Because thehighersmoke ascends in a flue, (provided it be clear and hot) thefasterit goes; (as a stone falls faster and faster the lower it descends): if, therefore, afunnel be very short, the smoke never acquires its full velocity.
A. Because thehighersmoke ascends in a flue, (provided it be clear and hot) thefasterit goes; (as a stone falls faster and faster the lower it descends): if, therefore, afunnel be very short, the smoke never acquires its full velocity.
Q.Does thedraughtof a chimney depend on thespeedof thesmokethrough the flue?A. Yes. The more quicklyhotair fliesup the chimney, the more quicklycoldair will rushtowards the fireto supply the place; and, therefore, thelonger the flue, thegreater the draught.
Q.Does thedraughtof a chimney depend on thespeedof thesmokethrough the flue?
Q.Does thedraughtof a chimney depend on thespeedof thesmokethrough the flue?
A. Yes. The more quicklyhotair fliesup the chimney, the more quicklycoldair will rushtowards the fireto supply the place; and, therefore, thelonger the flue, thegreater the draught.
A. Yes. The more quicklyhotair fliesup the chimney, the more quicklycoldair will rushtowards the fireto supply the place; and, therefore, thelonger the flue, thegreater the draught.
Q.Why is thedraughtof along fluegreater than that of a short one?A. Because thehighersmoke ascends, thefasterit goes; (as a stone falls faster and faster, the nearer it approaches to the earth): if, therefore, a funnel belong, the smoke acquires greatvelocity, and thedraughtis great.
Q.Why is thedraughtof along fluegreater than that of a short one?
Q.Why is thedraughtof along fluegreater than that of a short one?
A. Because thehighersmoke ascends, thefasterit goes; (as a stone falls faster and faster, the nearer it approaches to the earth): if, therefore, a funnel belong, the smoke acquires greatvelocity, and thedraughtis great.
A. Because thehighersmoke ascends, thefasterit goes; (as a stone falls faster and faster, the nearer it approaches to the earth): if, therefore, a funnel belong, the smoke acquires greatvelocity, and thedraughtis great.
Q.If achimneybetoo short, and cannot be lengthened, what is the bestremedyto prevent smoking?A. Tocontract the opening of the chimneycontiguous to the stove.
Q.If achimneybetoo short, and cannot be lengthened, what is the bestremedyto prevent smoking?
Q.If achimneybetoo short, and cannot be lengthened, what is the bestremedyto prevent smoking?
A. Tocontract the opening of the chimneycontiguous to the stove.
A. Tocontract the opening of the chimneycontiguous to the stove.
Q.Why will asmaller openingagainst the stovepreventthesmoking?A. As all the air (which enters the chimney)must pass near the fire, it will becomegreatly heated, andrise rapidlythrough the funnel; and thisincrease of heatwill compensate for theshortness of the flue.
Q.Why will asmaller openingagainst the stovepreventthesmoking?
Q.Why will asmaller openingagainst the stovepreventthesmoking?
A. As all the air (which enters the chimney)must pass near the fire, it will becomegreatly heated, andrise rapidlythrough the funnel; and thisincrease of heatwill compensate for theshortness of the flue.
A. As all the air (which enters the chimney)must pass near the fire, it will becomegreatly heated, andrise rapidlythrough the funnel; and thisincrease of heatwill compensate for theshortness of the flue.
Q.Why will aroom smoke,if there betwo firesin it?A. Because thefiercerfire will exhaust the most air; and draw from thesmallerone, to supply its demand.
Q.Why will aroom smoke,if there betwo firesin it?
Q.Why will aroom smoke,if there betwo firesin it?
A. Because thefiercerfire will exhaust the most air; and draw from thesmallerone, to supply its demand.
A. Because thefiercerfire will exhaust the most air; and draw from thesmallerone, to supply its demand.
Q.Why will a chimneysmokeif there be afireintwo roomscommunicating with each other?A. Whenever thedoorbetween the two roomsis opened, air will rush from the chimney of theinferiorfire, to supply theother; andbothrooms will be filled with smoke.
Q.Why will a chimneysmokeif there be afireintwo roomscommunicating with each other?
Q.Why will a chimneysmokeif there be afireintwo roomscommunicating with each other?
A. Whenever thedoorbetween the two roomsis opened, air will rush from the chimney of theinferiorfire, to supply theother; andbothrooms will be filled with smoke.
A. Whenever thedoorbetween the two roomsis opened, air will rush from the chimney of theinferiorfire, to supply theother; andbothrooms will be filled with smoke.
Q.What is theremedyin this case?A. Let a tube be carried from the hearth of each stove, into the externalair; and theneachfire will be sowellsupplied, that neither will need to borrow from the other.
Q.What is theremedyin this case?
Q.What is theremedyin this case?
A. Let a tube be carried from the hearth of each stove, into the externalair; and theneachfire will be sowellsupplied, that neither will need to borrow from the other.
A. Let a tube be carried from the hearth of each stove, into the externalair; and theneachfire will be sowellsupplied, that neither will need to borrow from the other.
Q.Why dovestry chimneysso oftensmoke?A. Because the wind (striking against the steeple)is reflected back; and tumbles down the vestry chimney, forcing the smokeinto the room.
Q.Why dovestry chimneysso oftensmoke?
Q.Why dovestry chimneysso oftensmoke?
A. Because the wind (striking against the steeple)is reflected back; and tumbles down the vestry chimney, forcing the smokeinto the room.
A. Because the wind (striking against the steeple)is reflected back; and tumbles down the vestry chimney, forcing the smokeinto the room.
Q.what windsmake vestry chimneys smoke?A. Those from the north-east or south-east; according to the position of the vestry.
Q.what windsmake vestry chimneys smoke?
Q.what windsmake vestry chimneys smoke?
A. Those from the north-east or south-east; according to the position of the vestry.
A. Those from the north-east or south-east; according to the position of the vestry.
Q.Why will theeasternwinds makevestries smoke, more than those from the west?A. Because theystrike against the steeple, andbound backto the vestry chimney: butwesternwinds cannot rebound over the roof of a church.(N. B. Thesteepleof a church is always duewest, and theotherend of the church dueeast; if, therefore, awesternwind rebound, it would rebound to thewest, oraway from the church, and not towards it.)
Q.Why will theeasternwinds makevestries smoke, more than those from the west?
Q.Why will theeasternwinds makevestries smoke, more than those from the west?
A. Because theystrike against the steeple, andbound backto the vestry chimney: butwesternwinds cannot rebound over the roof of a church.(N. B. Thesteepleof a church is always duewest, and theotherend of the church dueeast; if, therefore, awesternwind rebound, it would rebound to thewest, oraway from the church, and not towards it.)
A. Because theystrike against the steeple, andbound backto the vestry chimney: butwesternwinds cannot rebound over the roof of a church.
(N. B. Thesteepleof a church is always duewest, and theotherend of the church dueeast; if, therefore, awesternwind rebound, it would rebound to thewest, oraway from the church, and not towards it.)
Q.Why does ahousein avalleyvery oftensmoke?A. Because the wind (striking againstthe surrounding hills)rebounds back again upon the chimney, and destroys its draught.
Q.Why does ahousein avalleyvery oftensmoke?
Q.Why does ahousein avalleyvery oftensmoke?
A. Because the wind (striking againstthe surrounding hills)rebounds back again upon the chimney, and destroys its draught.
A. Because the wind (striking againstthe surrounding hills)rebounds back again upon the chimney, and destroys its draught.
Q.What is the commonremedyin both these cases?A. To fix acowlon the chimney top, to turn like a weather-cock, and present its back to the wind.
Q.What is the commonremedyin both these cases?
Q.What is the commonremedyin both these cases?
A. To fix acowlon the chimney top, to turn like a weather-cock, and present its back to the wind.
A. To fix acowlon the chimney top, to turn like a weather-cock, and present its back to the wind.
Q.Why will not acowlalwayspreventa chimneysmoking?A. If the wind bestrong, it will keep theopeningof the cowltowards the steeple or hill; and then the reflected wind willblow into the cowl, anddown the chimney.
Q.Why will not acowlalwayspreventa chimneysmoking?
Q.Why will not acowlalwayspreventa chimneysmoking?
A. If the wind bestrong, it will keep theopeningof the cowltowards the steeple or hill; and then the reflected wind willblow into the cowl, anddown the chimney.
A. If the wind bestrong, it will keep theopeningof the cowltowards the steeple or hill; and then the reflected wind willblow into the cowl, anddown the chimney.
Q.As a cowl is such a poor remedy, can anyotherbe devised?A. If the chimney flue can be carriedhigherthan the steeple or hills, no wind can enter the flue.
Q.As a cowl is such a poor remedy, can anyotherbe devised?
Q.As a cowl is such a poor remedy, can anyotherbe devised?
A. If the chimney flue can be carriedhigherthan the steeple or hills, no wind can enter the flue.
A. If the chimney flue can be carriedhigherthan the steeple or hills, no wind can enter the flue.
Q.Why cannot the wind enter a chimney flue, if it be carried uphigherthan the steeple or hills?A. Because the reflected wind would strike against thesidesof the chimney-flue, and not pass over theopeningat all.
Q.Why cannot the wind enter a chimney flue, if it be carried uphigherthan the steeple or hills?
Q.Why cannot the wind enter a chimney flue, if it be carried uphigherthan the steeple or hills?
A. Because the reflected wind would strike against thesidesof the chimney-flue, and not pass over theopeningat all.
A. Because the reflected wind would strike against thesidesof the chimney-flue, and not pass over theopeningat all.
Q.In whatothercases will achimney smoke?A. If both door and chimney be placed onthe same side of a room, the chimney will often smoke.
Q.In whatothercases will achimney smoke?
Q.In whatothercases will achimney smoke?
A. If both door and chimney be placed onthe same side of a room, the chimney will often smoke.
A. If both door and chimney be placed onthe same side of a room, the chimney will often smoke.
Q.Why will achimney smoke, if thedoorandstoveare both on thesame side?A. Because when the door is opened, a current of air willblow into the chimney-place, and drive the smoke into the room.
Q.Why will achimney smoke, if thedoorandstoveare both on thesame side?
Q.Why will achimney smoke, if thedoorandstoveare both on thesame side?
A. Because when the door is opened, a current of air willblow into the chimney-place, and drive the smoke into the room.
A. Because when the door is opened, a current of air willblow into the chimney-place, and drive the smoke into the room.
Q.Whatremedycan be applied to this evil?A. The door must be setoppositeto the chimney, or nearly so; and then the draught from the doorwill blow the smoke up the chimney, and not into the room.
Q.Whatremedycan be applied to this evil?
Q.Whatremedycan be applied to this evil?
A. The door must be setoppositeto the chimney, or nearly so; and then the draught from the doorwill blow the smoke up the chimney, and not into the room.
A. The door must be setoppositeto the chimney, or nearly so; and then the draught from the doorwill blow the smoke up the chimney, and not into the room.
Q.Why will achimney smokeif itneeds sweeping?A. Because the obstruction in the chimney (presented by the loose soot, to the free passage of the smoke)delays its current, and prevents the draught.
Q.Why will achimney smokeif itneeds sweeping?
Q.Why will achimney smokeif itneeds sweeping?
A. Because the obstruction in the chimney (presented by the loose soot, to the free passage of the smoke)delays its current, and prevents the draught.
A. Because the obstruction in the chimney (presented by the loose soot, to the free passage of the smoke)delays its current, and prevents the draught.
Q.Why will achimney smoke, ifout of repair?A. 1st—Because theloose mortar and bricksobstruct the smoke: and2ndly—Thecold air(oozing through the chinks)chills the air in the chimney, and prevents its ascent.
Q.Why will achimney smoke, ifout of repair?
Q.Why will achimney smoke, ifout of repair?
A. 1st—Because theloose mortar and bricksobstruct the smoke: and2ndly—Thecold air(oozing through the chinks)chills the air in the chimney, and prevents its ascent.
A. 1st—Because theloose mortar and bricksobstruct the smoke: and
2ndly—Thecold air(oozing through the chinks)chills the air in the chimney, and prevents its ascent.
Q.Why will anarnott’s stove smoke, if the joints of the flue do not fit air-tight?A. Because thecold air(which gets through the joints)chills the air in the flue, and prevents its ascent.
Q.Why will anarnott’s stove smoke, if the joints of the flue do not fit air-tight?
Q.Why will anarnott’s stove smoke, if the joints of the flue do not fit air-tight?
A. Because thecold air(which gets through the joints)chills the air in the flue, and prevents its ascent.
A. Because thecold air(which gets through the joints)chills the air in the flue, and prevents its ascent.
Q.Why does an old fashionedfarm chimney-placeso often smoke?A. Because the opening is sovery large, that much of the air which goes up the chimney,has never passed near the fire; and this cold air mixing with the other, soreduces its temperature, that it ascends very slowly, and the draught is destroyed.
Q.Why does an old fashionedfarm chimney-placeso often smoke?
Q.Why does an old fashionedfarm chimney-placeso often smoke?
A. Because the opening is sovery large, that much of the air which goes up the chimney,has never passed near the fire; and this cold air mixing with the other, soreduces its temperature, that it ascends very slowly, and the draught is destroyed.
A. Because the opening is sovery large, that much of the air which goes up the chimney,has never passed near the fire; and this cold air mixing with the other, soreduces its temperature, that it ascends very slowly, and the draught is destroyed.
Q.Why does a chimney smoke, if thedraughtbeslack?A. Because, unless the current of air up the chimney be very powerful, it cannotbuoy the smoke upthrough the flue.
Q.Why does a chimney smoke, if thedraughtbeslack?
Q.Why does a chimney smoke, if thedraughtbeslack?
A. Because, unless the current of air up the chimney be very powerful, it cannotbuoy the smoke upthrough the flue.
A. Because, unless the current of air up the chimney be very powerful, it cannotbuoy the smoke upthrough the flue.
Q.If the opening of a chimney betoo large, whatremedycan be applied?A. The chimney-place must be contracted.
Q.If the opening of a chimney betoo large, whatremedycan be applied?
Q.If the opening of a chimney betoo large, whatremedycan be applied?
A. The chimney-place must be contracted.
A. The chimney-place must be contracted.
Q.Why willcontractingthe chimney-placepreventitssmoking?A. As the air will then passnearer the fire, it will bemore heated, and fly up the chimneymuch faster.
Q.Why willcontractingthe chimney-placepreventitssmoking?
Q.Why willcontractingthe chimney-placepreventitssmoking?
A. As the air will then passnearer the fire, it will bemore heated, and fly up the chimneymuch faster.
A. As the air will then passnearer the fire, it will bemore heated, and fly up the chimneymuch faster.
Q.Why do almost allchimneys smokeingustyweather?A. The gust (blowing the airawayfrom the top of the chimney)removes(for a time)all resistance to the smoke: but when the windlullsagain, theresistance of the air suddenly returns—thedraughtischecked—and a puff of smoke rushes into the room.
Q.Why do almost allchimneys smokeingustyweather?
Q.Why do almost allchimneys smokeingustyweather?
A. The gust (blowing the airawayfrom the top of the chimney)removes(for a time)all resistance to the smoke: but when the windlullsagain, theresistance of the air suddenly returns—thedraughtischecked—and a puff of smoke rushes into the room.
A. The gust (blowing the airawayfrom the top of the chimney)removes(for a time)all resistance to the smoke: but when the windlullsagain, theresistance of the air suddenly returns—thedraughtischecked—and a puff of smoke rushes into the room.
Q.What is the use of achimney-pot?A. When the opening of a chimney islarge, the top must be contracted by a chimney-pot, in order to increase the draught.
Q.What is the use of achimney-pot?
Q.What is the use of achimney-pot?
A. When the opening of a chimney islarge, the top must be contracted by a chimney-pot, in order to increase the draught.
A. When the opening of a chimney islarge, the top must be contracted by a chimney-pot, in order to increase the draught.
Q.How does achimney-pot increasethedraughtof a chimney?A. As thesame quantityof hot air has to escapethrough a much smaller opening, it must pass through more quickly.
Q.How does achimney-pot increasethedraughtof a chimney?
Q.How does achimney-pot increasethedraughtof a chimney?
A. As thesame quantityof hot air has to escapethrough a much smaller opening, it must pass through more quickly.
A. As thesame quantityof hot air has to escapethrough a much smaller opening, it must pass through more quickly.