Q.Why do tinblowershelp to get a fire up?A. Because they compel the air to gothroughthe fire, and notoverit; therefore the fire is well supplied with oxygen, and the draught greatly increased.
Q.Why do tinblowershelp to get a fire up?
Q.Why do tinblowershelp to get a fire up?
A. Because they compel the air to gothroughthe fire, and notoverit; therefore the fire is well supplied with oxygen, and the draught greatly increased.
A. Because they compel the air to gothroughthe fire, and notoverit; therefore the fire is well supplied with oxygen, and the draught greatly increased.
Q.Why does a tinblower increasethedraught?A. As all the air which enters the chimney has to passthroughthe fire, it is much hotter, and ascends the chimney very fast; and the faster the airflies up the chimney, the faster it rushestowards the firealso.
Q.Why does a tinblower increasethedraught?
Q.Why does a tinblower increasethedraught?
A. As all the air which enters the chimney has to passthroughthe fire, it is much hotter, and ascends the chimney very fast; and the faster the airflies up the chimney, the faster it rushestowards the firealso.
A. As all the air which enters the chimney has to passthroughthe fire, it is much hotter, and ascends the chimney very fast; and the faster the airflies up the chimney, the faster it rushestowards the firealso.
Q.Why does a parlour oftensmelldisagreeably ofsootinsummer-time?A. The air in thechimney(beingcolderthan the air in theparlour)descends into the room, and leaves a disagreeable smell of soot behind.
Q.Why does a parlour oftensmelldisagreeably ofsootinsummer-time?
Q.Why does a parlour oftensmelldisagreeably ofsootinsummer-time?
A. The air in thechimney(beingcolderthan the air in theparlour)descends into the room, and leaves a disagreeable smell of soot behind.
A. The air in thechimney(beingcolderthan the air in theparlour)descends into the room, and leaves a disagreeable smell of soot behind.
Q.Why are theceilingsofpublic officessoblackand filthy?A. The heated air ascending, carries the dust and fine soot to the ceiling; where the hotairescapes through the plaster, andleaves the soot and dustbehind.
Q.Why are theceilingsofpublic officessoblackand filthy?
Q.Why are theceilingsofpublic officessoblackand filthy?
A. The heated air ascending, carries the dust and fine soot to the ceiling; where the hotairescapes through the plaster, andleaves the soot and dustbehind.
A. The heated air ascending, carries the dust and fine soot to the ceiling; where the hotairescapes through the plaster, andleaves the soot and dustbehind.
Q.Why aresomeparts of the ceilingblackerand more filthy than others?A. As the air cannot penetrate the thickjoistsof the ceiling,it passes by those parts, and deposits its soot and dust on those which are more penetrable.
Q.Why aresomeparts of the ceilingblackerand more filthy than others?
Q.Why aresomeparts of the ceilingblackerand more filthy than others?
A. As the air cannot penetrate the thickjoistsof the ceiling,it passes by those parts, and deposits its soot and dust on those which are more penetrable.
A. As the air cannot penetrate the thickjoistsof the ceiling,it passes by those parts, and deposits its soot and dust on those which are more penetrable.
Q.What ischarcoal?A. Wood which has been exposed to a red heat, till it has been deprived of all its gases and volatile parts.
Q.What ischarcoal?
Q.What ischarcoal?
A. Wood which has been exposed to a red heat, till it has been deprived of all its gases and volatile parts.
A. Wood which has been exposed to a red heat, till it has been deprived of all its gases and volatile parts.
Q.Why is acharcoal firehotter than a wood fire?A. Because so large a quantity ofwaterhas been abstracted from the fuel, by the red heat to which it has been already exposed.
Q.Why is acharcoal firehotter than a wood fire?
Q.Why is acharcoal firehotter than a wood fire?
A. Because so large a quantity ofwaterhas been abstracted from the fuel, by the red heat to which it has been already exposed.
A. Because so large a quantity ofwaterhas been abstracted from the fuel, by the red heat to which it has been already exposed.
Q.Why does charcoalremovethetaintof meat?A. Because it absorbs all odoriferous effluvia, whether they arise from putrefying animal or vegetable matter.
Q.Why does charcoalremovethetaintof meat?
Q.Why does charcoalremovethetaintof meat?
A. Because it absorbs all odoriferous effluvia, whether they arise from putrefying animal or vegetable matter.
A. Because it absorbs all odoriferous effluvia, whether they arise from putrefying animal or vegetable matter.
Q.Why iswater purifiedby being filtered through charcoal?A. Charcoal absorbs theimpuritiesof the water, and removes all disagreeable tastes and smells, whether they arise from animal or vegetable matter.
Q.Why iswater purifiedby being filtered through charcoal?
Q.Why iswater purifiedby being filtered through charcoal?
A. Charcoal absorbs theimpuritiesof the water, and removes all disagreeable tastes and smells, whether they arise from animal or vegetable matter.
A. Charcoal absorbs theimpuritiesof the water, and removes all disagreeable tastes and smells, whether they arise from animal or vegetable matter.
Q.Why are water and winecasks charredinside?A.Charringthe inside of the cask reduces it to akind of charcoal; and charcoal (by absorbing animal and vegetable impurities) keeps the liquor sweet and good.
Q.Why are water and winecasks charredinside?
Q.Why are water and winecasks charredinside?
A.Charringthe inside of the cask reduces it to akind of charcoal; and charcoal (by absorbing animal and vegetable impurities) keeps the liquor sweet and good.
A.Charringthe inside of the cask reduces it to akind of charcoal; and charcoal (by absorbing animal and vegetable impurities) keeps the liquor sweet and good.
Q.Why does a piece ofburnt bread, steeped in impurewater, make it fit to drink?A. The surface of the bread is reduced tocharcoalby being burnt; and the charcoal surface of the breadabstracts all the impurities of the water, and makes it palatable.
Q.Why does a piece ofburnt bread, steeped in impurewater, make it fit to drink?
Q.Why does a piece ofburnt bread, steeped in impurewater, make it fit to drink?
A. The surface of the bread is reduced tocharcoalby being burnt; and the charcoal surface of the breadabstracts all the impurities of the water, and makes it palatable.
A. The surface of the bread is reduced tocharcoalby being burnt; and the charcoal surface of the breadabstracts all the impurities of the water, and makes it palatable.
Q.Why should thetoastandwater, placed by the side of the sick, be made ofburnt bread?A. The surface of the bread beingreduced to charcoalby being burnt, prevents the water from being affected by the impurities of the sick room.
Q.Why should thetoastandwater, placed by the side of the sick, be made ofburnt bread?
Q.Why should thetoastandwater, placed by the side of the sick, be made ofburnt bread?
A. The surface of the bread beingreduced to charcoalby being burnt, prevents the water from being affected by the impurities of the sick room.
A. The surface of the bread beingreduced to charcoalby being burnt, prevents the water from being affected by the impurities of the sick room.
Q.Why aretimbers, which are to be exposed to damp,charred?A.Charcoal undergoes no changeby exposure to air and water; therefore timber will resist weathermuch longer, after it has been charred.
Q.Why aretimbers, which are to be exposed to damp,charred?
Q.Why aretimbers, which are to be exposed to damp,charred?
A.Charcoal undergoes no changeby exposure to air and water; therefore timber will resist weathermuch longer, after it has been charred.
A.Charcoal undergoes no changeby exposure to air and water; therefore timber will resist weathermuch longer, after it has been charred.
Q.Of what areoil,tallow, andwaxcomposed?A. Principally of carbon and hydrogen gas. Thesolidpart is carbon, thevolatilepart is gas.
Q.Of what areoil,tallow, andwaxcomposed?
Q.Of what areoil,tallow, andwaxcomposed?
A. Principally of carbon and hydrogen gas. Thesolidpart is carbon, thevolatilepart is gas.
A. Principally of carbon and hydrogen gas. Thesolidpart is carbon, thevolatilepart is gas.
Q.What iscarbon?A. A solid substance, generally of a black colour; well known under the forms of charcoal, lamp-black, coke, black-lead, &c.
Q.What iscarbon?
Q.What iscarbon?
A. A solid substance, generally of a black colour; well known under the forms of charcoal, lamp-black, coke, black-lead, &c.
A. A solid substance, generally of a black colour; well known under the forms of charcoal, lamp-black, coke, black-lead, &c.
Q.What ishydrogen gas?A. The principal ingredient of water. It is well known in the form of commoncoal gas: it burns so readily that it used to be called “inflammable air.”[10][10]To make hydrogen gas, see p.34>.
Q.What ishydrogen gas?
Q.What ishydrogen gas?
A. The principal ingredient of water. It is well known in the form of commoncoal gas: it burns so readily that it used to be called “inflammable air.”[10][10]To make hydrogen gas, see p.34>.
A. The principal ingredient of water. It is well known in the form of commoncoal gas: it burns so readily that it used to be called “inflammable air.”[10]
[10]To make hydrogen gas, see p.34>.
[10]To make hydrogen gas, see p.34>.
Q.Why does acandle burnwhen lighted?A. The heat of the lighted wickdecomposes the tallowinto its elementaryparts of carbon and hydrogen; and thehydrogen of the tallow, combining with theoxygen of the air, producesflame.
Q.Why does acandle burnwhen lighted?
Q.Why does acandle burnwhen lighted?
A. The heat of the lighted wickdecomposes the tallowinto its elementaryparts of carbon and hydrogen; and thehydrogen of the tallow, combining with theoxygen of the air, producesflame.
A. The heat of the lighted wickdecomposes the tallowinto its elementaryparts of carbon and hydrogen; and thehydrogen of the tallow, combining with theoxygen of the air, producesflame.
Q.Why is theflameof a candlehot?A. 1st—Because the flame liberateslatent heatfrom the air and tallow: and2ndly—It throws intorapid motiontheatoms of matter.
Q.Why is theflameof a candlehot?
Q.Why is theflameof a candlehot?
A. 1st—Because the flame liberateslatent heatfrom the air and tallow: and2ndly—It throws intorapid motiontheatoms of matter.
A. 1st—Because the flame liberateslatent heatfrom the air and tallow: and
2ndly—It throws intorapid motiontheatoms of matter.
Q.How islatent heatliberated by the flame of acandle?A. When thehydrogenof the tallow andoxygenof the aircombine, theycondense into water; and much of their latent heat issqueezed out.
Q.How islatent heatliberated by the flame of acandle?
Q.How islatent heatliberated by the flame of acandle?
A. When thehydrogenof the tallow andoxygenof the aircombine, theycondense into water; and much of their latent heat issqueezed out.
A. When thehydrogenof the tallow andoxygenof the aircombine, theycondense into water; and much of their latent heat issqueezed out.
Q.How are theatomsofmatterdisturbed by the flame of a candle?A. 1st—When thehydrogenof the tallow andoxygenof the aircondense into water, avacuumis made; and the air is disturbed, as apondwould be, if a pail ofwaterwere taken out.2ndly—When thecarbonof tallow andoxygenof the air expand intocarbonic acid gas, the air isagaindisturbed; in a similar way as by the explosion ofgunpowder.
Q.How are theatomsofmatterdisturbed by the flame of a candle?
Q.How are theatomsofmatterdisturbed by the flame of a candle?
A. 1st—When thehydrogenof the tallow andoxygenof the aircondense into water, avacuumis made; and the air is disturbed, as apondwould be, if a pail ofwaterwere taken out.2ndly—When thecarbonof tallow andoxygenof the air expand intocarbonic acid gas, the air isagaindisturbed; in a similar way as by the explosion ofgunpowder.
A. 1st—When thehydrogenof the tallow andoxygenof the aircondense into water, avacuumis made; and the air is disturbed, as apondwould be, if a pail ofwaterwere taken out.
2ndly—When thecarbonof tallow andoxygenof the air expand intocarbonic acid gas, the air isagaindisturbed; in a similar way as by the explosion ofgunpowder.
Q.Why does the flame of acandleproducelight?A. The chemical changes made by combustion, exciteundulations of ether, which (striking the eye) produce light. (see p.46.)
Q.Why does the flame of acandleproducelight?
Q.Why does the flame of acandleproducelight?
A. The chemical changes made by combustion, exciteundulations of ether, which (striking the eye) produce light. (see p.46.)
A. The chemical changes made by combustion, exciteundulations of ether, which (striking the eye) produce light. (see p.46.)
Q.Why is theflameof acandle yellow?A. Only theoutercoat of the flame is yellow; thelowerpart of the flame isviolet; and theinsideof the flame ishollow.
Q.Why is theflameof acandle yellow?
Q.Why is theflameof acandle yellow?
A. Only theoutercoat of the flame is yellow; thelowerpart of the flame isviolet; and theinsideof the flame ishollow.
A. Only theoutercoat of the flame is yellow; thelowerpart of the flame isviolet; and theinsideof the flame ishollow.
Q.Why is the outside of the flameyellow?A. Because thecarbon of the tallow(being in a state ofperfect combustion) is made white-hot.
Q.Why is the outside of the flameyellow?
Q.Why is the outside of the flameyellow?
A. Because thecarbon of the tallow(being in a state ofperfect combustion) is made white-hot.
A. Because thecarbon of the tallow(being in a state ofperfect combustion) is made white-hot.
Q.Why is thebottompartpurpleof the flame of a candle?A. Thebottom partof the flame isoverladen with hydrogen, raised from the tallow by the burning wick; and thishalf-burnt gasgives apurpletinge to the flame.
Q.Why is thebottompartpurpleof the flame of a candle?
Q.Why is thebottompartpurpleof the flame of a candle?
A. Thebottom partof the flame isoverladen with hydrogen, raised from the tallow by the burning wick; and thishalf-burnt gasgives apurpletinge to the flame.
A. Thebottom partof the flame isoverladen with hydrogen, raised from the tallow by the burning wick; and thishalf-burnt gasgives apurpletinge to the flame.
Q.Why is theinsideof the flame of a candlehollow?A. Because it isfilled with vapour, raised from the candle by theheat of the wick.
Q.Why is theinsideof the flame of a candlehollow?
Q.Why is theinsideof the flame of a candlehollow?
A. Because it isfilled with vapour, raised from the candle by theheat of the wick.
A. Because it isfilled with vapour, raised from the candle by theheat of the wick.
Q.Describe the different parts of theflameof a commoncandle.A. The flame consists ofthree cones. The innermost cone is hollow; the intermediate cone of a dingy purple hue; and the outside cone is yellow.
Q.Describe the different parts of theflameof a commoncandle.
Q.Describe the different parts of theflameof a commoncandle.
A. The flame consists ofthree cones. The innermost cone is hollow; the intermediate cone of a dingy purple hue; and the outside cone is yellow.
A. The flame consists ofthree cones. The innermost cone is hollow; the intermediate cone of a dingy purple hue; and the outside cone is yellow.
Q.Why is the intermediate cone of a flamepurple, as well as thebottomof the flame.A. Because the gases are not in a state ofperfect combustion; but contain anexcess of hydrogen, which gives this cone a purple tinge.
Q.Why is the intermediate cone of a flamepurple, as well as thebottomof the flame.
Q.Why is the intermediate cone of a flamepurple, as well as thebottomof the flame.
A. Because the gases are not in a state ofperfect combustion; but contain anexcess of hydrogen, which gives this cone a purple tinge.
A. Because the gases are not in a state ofperfect combustion; but contain anexcess of hydrogen, which gives this cone a purple tinge.
Q.Why is not themiddlecone in a state of perfect combustion, as well as theoutercone?A. Because the outer coneprevents the oxygen of the airfrom getting freely to themiddle of the cone; and without the free access of oxygen gas, there is no such thing as complete combustion.
Q.Why is not themiddlecone in a state of perfect combustion, as well as theoutercone?
Q.Why is not themiddlecone in a state of perfect combustion, as well as theoutercone?
A. Because the outer coneprevents the oxygen of the airfrom getting freely to themiddle of the cone; and without the free access of oxygen gas, there is no such thing as complete combustion.
A. Because the outer coneprevents the oxygen of the airfrom getting freely to themiddle of the cone; and without the free access of oxygen gas, there is no such thing as complete combustion.
Q.Why does theflameof a candle pointupwards?A. The flameheats the surrounding air, which (being hot)rapidly ascends, and drives the flame upwards at the same time.
Q.Why does theflameof a candle pointupwards?
Q.Why does theflameof a candle pointupwards?
A. The flameheats the surrounding air, which (being hot)rapidly ascends, and drives the flame upwards at the same time.
A. The flameheats the surrounding air, which (being hot)rapidly ascends, and drives the flame upwards at the same time.
Q.Why is theflameof a candlepointedat the top, like a cone?A. Theupperpart of a flame is morevolatilethan the lower parts; and as it affordsless resistance to the air, is reduced to a mere point.
Q.Why is theflameof a candlepointedat the top, like a cone?
Q.Why is theflameof a candlepointedat the top, like a cone?
A. Theupperpart of a flame is morevolatilethan the lower parts; and as it affordsless resistance to the air, is reduced to a mere point.
A. Theupperpart of a flame is morevolatilethan the lower parts; and as it affordsless resistance to the air, is reduced to a mere point.
Q.Why is theupperpart of a flame morevolatilethan the lower parts?A. Thelowerparts of the flame are laden with unconsumed gas and watery vapour; which present considerable resistance to the air.
Q.Why is theupperpart of a flame morevolatilethan the lower parts?
Q.Why is theupperpart of a flame morevolatilethan the lower parts?
A. Thelowerparts of the flame are laden with unconsumed gas and watery vapour; which present considerable resistance to the air.
A. Thelowerparts of the flame are laden with unconsumed gas and watery vapour; which present considerable resistance to the air.
Q.Why is theflameof a candleblown outby a puff of breath?A. As the flame of a candle is attached to avery small wick, a puff of breathsevers the flame from the wick; and it goes out for want of support.
Q.Why is theflameof a candleblown outby a puff of breath?
Q.Why is theflameof a candleblown outby a puff of breath?
A. As the flame of a candle is attached to avery small wick, a puff of breathsevers the flame from the wick; and it goes out for want of support.
A. As the flame of a candle is attached to avery small wick, a puff of breathsevers the flame from the wick; and it goes out for want of support.
Q.Why does theflameof a candle make aglass damp, which is held over it?A. Thehydrogen of the tallowcombining with theoxygen of the air, produce a “watery vapour,” which is condensed by thecold glassheld above the flame.
Q.Why does theflameof a candle make aglass damp, which is held over it?
Q.Why does theflameof a candle make aglass damp, which is held over it?
A. Thehydrogen of the tallowcombining with theoxygen of the air, produce a “watery vapour,” which is condensed by thecold glassheld above the flame.
A. Thehydrogen of the tallowcombining with theoxygen of the air, produce a “watery vapour,” which is condensed by thecold glassheld above the flame.
Q.Why does our hand, heldabovea candle, suffer from the heat of the flame so much more, than when it is placedbelowthe flame, or onone sideof it?A. Because the hot gases and air (in their ascent)come in contactwith the hand placedabovethe flame: but when the hand is placedbelowthe flame, or onone side, it only feels heat fromradiation.
Q.Why does our hand, heldabovea candle, suffer from the heat of the flame so much more, than when it is placedbelowthe flame, or onone sideof it?
Q.Why does our hand, heldabovea candle, suffer from the heat of the flame so much more, than when it is placedbelowthe flame, or onone sideof it?
A. Because the hot gases and air (in their ascent)come in contactwith the hand placedabovethe flame: but when the hand is placedbelowthe flame, or onone side, it only feels heat fromradiation.
A. Because the hot gases and air (in their ascent)come in contactwith the hand placedabovethe flame: but when the hand is placedbelowthe flame, or onone side, it only feels heat fromradiation.
Q.Why is arush lightextinguished so much more quickly than a cotton-wicked candle?A. As therushwick issmoothandhard, themere motion of the air(produced by carrying the candle from one place to another,) is sufficient to sever the flame from the rush.
Q.Why is arush lightextinguished so much more quickly than a cotton-wicked candle?
Q.Why is arush lightextinguished so much more quickly than a cotton-wicked candle?
A. As therushwick issmoothandhard, themere motion of the air(produced by carrying the candle from one place to another,) is sufficient to sever the flame from the rush.
A. As therushwick issmoothandhard, themere motion of the air(produced by carrying the candle from one place to another,) is sufficient to sever the flame from the rush.
Q.Why is it more difficult to blow out acottonwick?A. Thecottonwick isquite full of small threadsor filaments, which help tohold the flame on the wick, like the roots of a tree.
Q.Why is it more difficult to blow out acottonwick?
Q.Why is it more difficult to blow out acottonwick?
A. Thecottonwick isquite full of small threadsor filaments, which help tohold the flame on the wick, like the roots of a tree.
A. Thecottonwick isquite full of small threadsor filaments, which help tohold the flame on the wick, like the roots of a tree.
Q.Why does anextinguisherput a candle out?A. Because the air in the extinguisheris soon exhausted of its oxygenby the flame: and when there is nooxygen to support it, the flame goes out.
Q.Why does anextinguisherput a candle out?
Q.Why does anextinguisherput a candle out?
A. Because the air in the extinguisheris soon exhausted of its oxygenby the flame: and when there is nooxygen to support it, the flame goes out.
A. Because the air in the extinguisheris soon exhausted of its oxygenby the flame: and when there is nooxygen to support it, the flame goes out.
Q.Why does not a candle set fire to apiece of papertwisted into an extinguisher, and used as such?A. 1st—Because the flame very soonexhausts the little oxygencontained in the paper extinguisher: and2ndly—The flame invests theinside of the paper extinguisherwithcarbonic acid gas, which prevents it from blazing.
Q.Why does not a candle set fire to apiece of papertwisted into an extinguisher, and used as such?
Q.Why does not a candle set fire to apiece of papertwisted into an extinguisher, and used as such?
A. 1st—Because the flame very soonexhausts the little oxygencontained in the paper extinguisher: and2ndly—The flame invests theinside of the paper extinguisherwithcarbonic acid gas, which prevents it from blazing.
A. 1st—Because the flame very soonexhausts the little oxygencontained in the paper extinguisher: and
2ndly—The flame invests theinside of the paper extinguisherwithcarbonic acid gas, which prevents it from blazing.
Q.Why is along wicknever upright?A. Because it is bent by its own weight.
Q.Why is along wicknever upright?
Q.Why is along wicknever upright?
A. Because it is bent by its own weight.
A. Because it is bent by its own weight.
Q.Why is along wickcovered with anefflorescenceat the top?A. The knotty or flowery appearance of the top of a wick arisesfrom an accumulation of particles partly separated, but still loosely hanging to the wick.
Q.Why is along wickcovered with anefflorescenceat the top?
Q.Why is along wickcovered with anefflorescenceat the top?
A. The knotty or flowery appearance of the top of a wick arisesfrom an accumulation of particles partly separated, but still loosely hanging to the wick.
A. The knotty or flowery appearance of the top of a wick arisesfrom an accumulation of particles partly separated, but still loosely hanging to the wick.
Q.Why is not theendof a long wickburnt off, as it hangs over the flames?A. Because the length of the wick so diminishesthe heat of the flame, that it is nothotenough to burn it off.
Q.Why is not theendof a long wickburnt off, as it hangs over the flames?
Q.Why is not theendof a long wickburnt off, as it hangs over the flames?
A. Because the length of the wick so diminishesthe heat of the flame, that it is nothotenough to burn it off.
A. Because the length of the wick so diminishesthe heat of the flame, that it is nothotenough to burn it off.
Q.Why dopalmer’s metallic wicksnever needsnuffing?A. The wick is divided into two parts, each of whichbends outwardto the outside of the flame; where theend is intensely heated, andseparatedfromthe wick by the current of air up the candle.
Q.Why dopalmer’s metallic wicksnever needsnuffing?
Q.Why dopalmer’s metallic wicksnever needsnuffing?
A. The wick is divided into two parts, each of whichbends outwardto the outside of the flame; where theend is intensely heated, andseparatedfromthe wick by the current of air up the candle.
A. The wick is divided into two parts, each of whichbends outwardto the outside of the flame; where theend is intensely heated, andseparatedfromthe wick by the current of air up the candle.
Q.Why do commoncandlesrequire to besnuffed?A. Because the heat of the flame isnot sufficient to consume the wick; and thelongerthe wick grows, theless heatthe flame produces.
Q.Why do commoncandlesrequire to besnuffed?
Q.Why do commoncandlesrequire to besnuffed?
A. Because the heat of the flame isnot sufficient to consume the wick; and thelongerthe wick grows, theless heatthe flame produces.
A. Because the heat of the flame isnot sufficient to consume the wick; and thelongerthe wick grows, theless heatthe flame produces.
Q.Why dowax candles neverneedsnuffing?A. The wick ofwaxcandles is madeof very fine thread, which the heat of the flame is sufficient to consume: but the wick oftallowcandles is madeof coarse cotton, which is too substantial to be consumed by the heat of the flame, and must be cut off bysnuffers.
Q.Why dowax candles neverneedsnuffing?
Q.Why dowax candles neverneedsnuffing?
A. The wick ofwaxcandles is madeof very fine thread, which the heat of the flame is sufficient to consume: but the wick oftallowcandles is madeof coarse cotton, which is too substantial to be consumed by the heat of the flame, and must be cut off bysnuffers.
A. The wick ofwaxcandles is madeof very fine thread, which the heat of the flame is sufficient to consume: but the wick oftallowcandles is madeof coarse cotton, which is too substantial to be consumed by the heat of the flame, and must be cut off bysnuffers.
Q.Why does apin, stuck in arush-light,extinguishit?A. Because apin(being a good conductor),carries away the heat of the flame from the wick, and prevents the combustion of the tallow.
Q.Why does apin, stuck in arush-light,extinguishit?
Q.Why does apin, stuck in arush-light,extinguishit?
A. Because apin(being a good conductor),carries away the heat of the flame from the wick, and prevents the combustion of the tallow.
A. Because apin(being a good conductor),carries away the heat of the flame from the wick, and prevents the combustion of the tallow.
Q.What is thesmokeof acandle?A. Solid particles of carbon separated from the wick and tallow, but not consumed.
Q.What is thesmokeof acandle?
Q.What is thesmokeof acandle?
A. Solid particles of carbon separated from the wick and tallow, but not consumed.
A. Solid particles of carbon separated from the wick and tallow, but not consumed.
Q.Why aresomeparticles consumed and notothers?A. Thecombustion of the carbondepends upon itscombining with the oxygen of the air: but as the outer surface of the flameprevents the access of air to the interior parts, therefore much of the carbon of those parts passes off in smoke.
Q.Why aresomeparticles consumed and notothers?
Q.Why aresomeparticles consumed and notothers?
A. Thecombustion of the carbondepends upon itscombining with the oxygen of the air: but as the outer surface of the flameprevents the access of air to the interior parts, therefore much of the carbon of those parts passes off in smoke.
A. Thecombustion of the carbondepends upon itscombining with the oxygen of the air: but as the outer surface of the flameprevents the access of air to the interior parts, therefore much of the carbon of those parts passes off in smoke.
Q.Why dolamps smoke?A. Either because thewick is cut unevenly, or else becauseit is turned up too high.
Q.Why dolamps smoke?
Q.Why dolamps smoke?
A. Either because thewick is cut unevenly, or else becauseit is turned up too high.
A. Either because thewick is cut unevenly, or else becauseit is turned up too high.
Q.Why does alamp smokewhen thewickis cutunevenly?A. 1st—Because thepoints of the jagged edge(being very easily separated from the wick,)load the flame with more carbon than it can consume: and2ndly—As the heat of the flame isgreatly diminished by these bits of wick, it is unable to consumeeven the usual quantity of smoke.
Q.Why does alamp smokewhen thewickis cutunevenly?
Q.Why does alamp smokewhen thewickis cutunevenly?
A. 1st—Because thepoints of the jagged edge(being very easily separated from the wick,)load the flame with more carbon than it can consume: and2ndly—As the heat of the flame isgreatly diminished by these bits of wick, it is unable to consumeeven the usual quantity of smoke.
A. 1st—Because thepoints of the jagged edge(being very easily separated from the wick,)load the flame with more carbon than it can consume: and
2ndly—As the heat of the flame isgreatly diminished by these bits of wick, it is unable to consumeeven the usual quantity of smoke.
Q.Why does alamp smokewhen thewickis turned up toohigh?A. Because more carbon is separated from the wickthan can be consumed by the flame.
Q.Why does alamp smokewhen thewickis turned up toohigh?
Q.Why does alamp smokewhen thewickis turned up toohigh?
A. Because more carbon is separated from the wickthan can be consumed by the flame.
A. Because more carbon is separated from the wickthan can be consumed by the flame.
Q.Why do not “Argand burners” smoke?A. Because a current of air passes through themiddle of the flame; and therefore the carbon of theinterioris consumed, as well as thatin the outer coating of the flame.
Q.Why do not “Argand burners” smoke?
Q.Why do not “Argand burners” smoke?
A. Because a current of air passes through themiddle of the flame; and therefore the carbon of theinterioris consumed, as well as thatin the outer coating of the flame.
A. Because a current of air passes through themiddle of the flame; and therefore the carbon of theinterioris consumed, as well as thatin the outer coating of the flame.
Q.Why does alamp-glass diminishthesmokeof a lamp?A. Because it bothconcentrates and reflects the heat of the flame; in consequence of which, the heat is so greatly increased,that very little carbon escapes unconsumed.
Q.Why does alamp-glass diminishthesmokeof a lamp?
Q.Why does alamp-glass diminishthesmokeof a lamp?
A. Because it bothconcentrates and reflects the heat of the flame; in consequence of which, the heat is so greatly increased,that very little carbon escapes unconsumed.
A. Because it bothconcentrates and reflects the heat of the flame; in consequence of which, the heat is so greatly increased,that very little carbon escapes unconsumed.
Q.What is the cause ofanimal heat?A. Animal heat is producedby the combustion of hydrogen and carbonin the capillary veins.
Q.What is the cause ofanimal heat?
Q.What is the cause ofanimal heat?
A. Animal heat is producedby the combustion of hydrogen and carbonin the capillary veins.
A. Animal heat is producedby the combustion of hydrogen and carbonin the capillary veins.
Q.What arecapillary veins?A. Veinsas small as hairsrunningall over the body; so called from the Latin word “capilla’ris” (like a hair).
Q.What arecapillary veins?
Q.What arecapillary veins?
A. Veinsas small as hairsrunningall over the body; so called from the Latin word “capilla’ris” (like a hair).
A. Veinsas small as hairsrunningall over the body; so called from the Latin word “capilla’ris” (like a hair).
Q.Do thesecapillary veinsrun all over the human body?A. Yes. Whenever bloodflows from a wound, someveinmust be divided; and as you cannot insert a needle intoany part of the body without bringing blood, therefore these little veins must runthrough every partof the human frame.
Q.Do thesecapillary veinsrun all over the human body?
Q.Do thesecapillary veinsrun all over the human body?
A. Yes. Whenever bloodflows from a wound, someveinmust be divided; and as you cannot insert a needle intoany part of the body without bringing blood, therefore these little veins must runthrough every partof the human frame.
A. Yes. Whenever bloodflows from a wound, someveinmust be divided; and as you cannot insert a needle intoany part of the body without bringing blood, therefore these little veins must runthrough every partof the human frame.
Q.How dohydrogengas andcarbonget into these very little veins?A. The food we eat isconverted into blood, and blood contains bothhydrogenandcarbon.
Q.How dohydrogengas andcarbonget into these very little veins?
Q.How dohydrogengas andcarbonget into these very little veins?
A. The food we eat isconverted into blood, and blood contains bothhydrogenandcarbon.
A. The food we eat isconverted into blood, and blood contains bothhydrogenandcarbon.
Q.How doescombustiontake place in the veins?A. Thecarbon of the bloodcombines with theoxygen of the air we breathe, and forms intocarbonic acid gas.
Q.How doescombustiontake place in the veins?
Q.How doescombustiontake place in the veins?
A. Thecarbon of the bloodcombines with theoxygen of the air we breathe, and forms intocarbonic acid gas.
A. Thecarbon of the bloodcombines with theoxygen of the air we breathe, and forms intocarbonic acid gas.
Q.Whatbecomesof thiscarbonic acid gasformed in the human blood?A. Some of it isthrown off by the breath; and the rest of it isabsorbed by the blood, to keep up the animal heat.
Q.Whatbecomesof thiscarbonic acid gasformed in the human blood?
Q.Whatbecomesof thiscarbonic acid gasformed in the human blood?
A. Some of it isthrown off by the breath; and the rest of it isabsorbed by the blood, to keep up the animal heat.
A. Some of it isthrown off by the breath; and the rest of it isabsorbed by the blood, to keep up the animal heat.
Q.What is the cause of thecombustionoffire?A. Thecarbon of fuelunites with theoxygen of the air, and formscarbonic acid gas.
Q.What is the cause of thecombustionoffire?
Q.What is the cause of thecombustionoffire?
A. Thecarbon of fuelunites with theoxygen of the air, and formscarbonic acid gas.
A. Thecarbon of fuelunites with theoxygen of the air, and formscarbonic acid gas.
Q.What is the cause of thecombustionof acandleorlamp?A. Thecarbon of the oil or tallowunites with theoxygen of the air, and formscarbonic acid gas.
Q.What is the cause of thecombustionof acandleorlamp?
Q.What is the cause of thecombustionof acandleorlamp?
A. Thecarbon of the oil or tallowunites with theoxygen of the air, and formscarbonic acid gas.
A. Thecarbon of the oil or tallowunites with theoxygen of the air, and formscarbonic acid gas.
Q.What is the cause ofspontaneouscombustion?A. The piled-up goodsferment from heat and damp; and (during fermentation)carbonic acid gas is formed, as in the two former cases.
Q.What is the cause ofspontaneouscombustion?
Q.What is the cause ofspontaneouscombustion?
A. The piled-up goodsferment from heat and damp; and (during fermentation)carbonic acid gas is formed, as in the two former cases.
A. The piled-up goodsferment from heat and damp; and (during fermentation)carbonic acid gas is formed, as in the two former cases.
Q.Does theheatof thehuman bodyarise from thesame causeas the heat offire?A. Yes, precisely. Thecarbon of the blood, combining with theoxygen of air inhaled, producescarbonic acid gas, which is attended with combustion.
Q.Does theheatof thehuman bodyarise from thesame causeas the heat offire?
Q.Does theheatof thehuman bodyarise from thesame causeas the heat offire?
A. Yes, precisely. Thecarbon of the blood, combining with theoxygen of air inhaled, producescarbonic acid gas, which is attended with combustion.
A. Yes, precisely. Thecarbon of the blood, combining with theoxygen of air inhaled, producescarbonic acid gas, which is attended with combustion.
Q.If animal heat is produced bycombustion, why does not the human bodyburn uplike a coal or candle?A. It actually does so. Every muscle, nerve, and organ of the body, actuallywastes away like a burning candle; and (being reduced to air and ashes) is rejected from the system as useless.
Q.If animal heat is produced bycombustion, why does not the human bodyburn uplike a coal or candle?
Q.If animal heat is produced bycombustion, why does not the human bodyburn uplike a coal or candle?
A. It actually does so. Every muscle, nerve, and organ of the body, actuallywastes away like a burning candle; and (being reduced to air and ashes) is rejected from the system as useless.
A. It actually does so. Every muscle, nerve, and organ of the body, actuallywastes away like a burning candle; and (being reduced to air and ashes) is rejected from the system as useless.
Q.If every bone, muscle, nerve, and organ, is thus consumed by combustion, why is not thebodyentirelyconsumed?A. It would be so, unless the parts destroyedwere perpetually renewed: but as a lamp will not go out,so long as it is supplied with fresh oil; neither will thebodybe consumed,so long as it is supplied with sufficient food.
Q.If every bone, muscle, nerve, and organ, is thus consumed by combustion, why is not thebodyentirelyconsumed?
Q.If every bone, muscle, nerve, and organ, is thus consumed by combustion, why is not thebodyentirelyconsumed?
A. It would be so, unless the parts destroyedwere perpetually renewed: but as a lamp will not go out,so long as it is supplied with fresh oil; neither will thebodybe consumed,so long as it is supplied with sufficient food.
A. It would be so, unless the parts destroyedwere perpetually renewed: but as a lamp will not go out,so long as it is supplied with fresh oil; neither will thebodybe consumed,so long as it is supplied with sufficient food.
Q.When a man isstarved, what parts of the body go first?A. First thefat, because it is the most combustible; then themuscles; last of all thebrain; and then the man dies, like acandle which is burnt out.
Q.When a man isstarved, what parts of the body go first?
Q.When a man isstarved, what parts of the body go first?
A. First thefat, because it is the most combustible; then themuscles; last of all thebrain; and then the man dies, like acandle which is burnt out.
A. First thefat, because it is the most combustible; then themuscles; last of all thebrain; and then the man dies, like acandle which is burnt out.
Q.Why doeswantof sufficientnourishmentoften producemadness?A. After thefat and musclesof the body have been consumed by animal combustion, thebrainis next attacked; and (unless the patient dies)madness must ensue from starvation.
Q.Why doeswantof sufficientnourishmentoften producemadness?
Q.Why doeswantof sufficientnourishmentoften producemadness?
A. After thefat and musclesof the body have been consumed by animal combustion, thebrainis next attacked; and (unless the patient dies)madness must ensue from starvation.
A. After thefat and musclesof the body have been consumed by animal combustion, thebrainis next attacked; and (unless the patient dies)madness must ensue from starvation.
Q.Why does a manshrinkwhenstarved?A. A starved man shrinksjust as a fire does, unless it be supplied with sufficient fuel.
Q.Why does a manshrinkwhenstarved?
Q.Why does a manshrinkwhenstarved?
A. A starved man shrinksjust as a fire does, unless it be supplied with sufficient fuel.
A. A starved man shrinksjust as a fire does, unless it be supplied with sufficient fuel.
Q.What is thefuelof thebody?A.Food is the fuel of the body; and thecarbon of the foodmixing with theoxygen of the air, evolves heat in the same way that a fire or candle does.
Q.What is thefuelof thebody?
Q.What is thefuelof thebody?
A.Food is the fuel of the body; and thecarbon of the foodmixing with theoxygen of the air, evolves heat in the same way that a fire or candle does.
A.Food is the fuel of the body; and thecarbon of the foodmixing with theoxygen of the air, evolves heat in the same way that a fire or candle does.
Q.Why iseverypart of thebody warm?A. As the capillary veins run through every part of the human body, and the combustion of bloodtakes place in the capillary veins, thereforeevery part of the body is warm.
Q.Why iseverypart of thebody warm?
Q.Why iseverypart of thebody warm?
A. As the capillary veins run through every part of the human body, and the combustion of bloodtakes place in the capillary veins, thereforeevery part of the body is warm.
A. As the capillary veins run through every part of the human body, and the combustion of bloodtakes place in the capillary veins, thereforeevery part of the body is warm.
Q.Why doesrunningmake uswarm?A. When we run,we inhale air more rapidly; and the rapidity with which we inhale airfans the combustion of our body, as a pair ofbellowsquickens the flame of a common fire.
Q.Why doesrunningmake uswarm?
Q.Why doesrunningmake uswarm?
A. When we run,we inhale air more rapidly; and the rapidity with which we inhale airfans the combustion of our body, as a pair ofbellowsquickens the flame of a common fire.
A. When we run,we inhale air more rapidly; and the rapidity with which we inhale airfans the combustion of our body, as a pair ofbellowsquickens the flame of a common fire.
Q.How doesinhaling air rapidlymake the body feelwarm?A. As the combustion of the blood ismore rapid, (in consequence of the introductionof more oxygen from theair), thereforethe blood is more heated, and every part of the body is warmer also.
Q.How doesinhaling air rapidlymake the body feelwarm?
Q.How doesinhaling air rapidlymake the body feelwarm?
A. As the combustion of the blood ismore rapid, (in consequence of the introductionof more oxygen from theair), thereforethe blood is more heated, and every part of the body is warmer also.
A. As the combustion of the blood ismore rapid, (in consequence of the introductionof more oxygen from theair), thereforethe blood is more heated, and every part of the body is warmer also.
Q.Why doeshard workproducehunger?A. Because it producesquicker respiration; by which means alarger amount of oxygen is introduced into the lungs, and thecapillary combustion increased. Hungeris the notice(given by our body) to remind us,that our food-fuel must be replenished.
Q.Why doeshard workproducehunger?
Q.Why doeshard workproducehunger?
A. Because it producesquicker respiration; by which means alarger amount of oxygen is introduced into the lungs, and thecapillary combustion increased. Hungeris the notice(given by our body) to remind us,that our food-fuel must be replenished.
A. Because it producesquicker respiration; by which means alarger amount of oxygen is introduced into the lungs, and thecapillary combustion increased. Hungeris the notice(given by our body) to remind us,that our food-fuel must be replenished.
Q.Why doessingingmake ushungry?A. Singingincreases respiration; and asmore oxygenis introduced into the lungs,our food-fuel is more rapidly consumed.
Q.Why doessingingmake ushungry?
Q.Why doessingingmake ushungry?
A. Singingincreases respiration; and asmore oxygenis introduced into the lungs,our food-fuel is more rapidly consumed.
A. Singingincreases respiration; and asmore oxygenis introduced into the lungs,our food-fuel is more rapidly consumed.
Q.Why doesreading aloudmake us feelhungry?A. Reading aloudincreases respiration; and asmore oxygenis introduced into the lungs,our food-fuel is more rapidly consumed.
Q.Why doesreading aloudmake us feelhungry?
Q.Why doesreading aloudmake us feelhungry?
A. Reading aloudincreases respiration; and asmore oxygenis introduced into the lungs,our food-fuel is more rapidly consumed.
A. Reading aloudincreases respiration; and asmore oxygenis introduced into the lungs,our food-fuel is more rapidly consumed.
Q.Why do we feelmore hungryin theday-timethan in thenight-time?A. As webreathe more slowly during sleep, therefore, lessoxygenis introduced into the lungsto consume our food-fuel.
Q.Why do we feelmore hungryin theday-timethan in thenight-time?
Q.Why do we feelmore hungryin theday-timethan in thenight-time?
A. As webreathe more slowly during sleep, therefore, lessoxygenis introduced into the lungsto consume our food-fuel.
A. As webreathe more slowly during sleep, therefore, lessoxygenis introduced into the lungsto consume our food-fuel.
Q.Why do we needwarmer clothingbynightthan byday?A. 1st—Because thenight is generally colderthan the day.2ndly—As ourrespiration is slower, ouranimal combustion is slower also; in consequence of which,our bodies are more cold.
Q.Why do we needwarmer clothingbynightthan byday?
Q.Why do we needwarmer clothingbynightthan byday?
A. 1st—Because thenight is generally colderthan the day.2ndly—As ourrespiration is slower, ouranimal combustion is slower also; in consequence of which,our bodies are more cold.
A. 1st—Because thenight is generally colderthan the day.
2ndly—As ourrespiration is slower, ouranimal combustion is slower also; in consequence of which,our bodies are more cold.
Q.Why do weperspirewhen veryhot?A. The pores of the body arelike the safety valves of a steam-engine; when the heat of the body is too great, the combustible gas and greaseflow out in perspiration, instead ofburning in the blood.
Q.Why do weperspirewhen veryhot?
Q.Why do weperspirewhen veryhot?
A. The pores of the body arelike the safety valves of a steam-engine; when the heat of the body is too great, the combustible gas and greaseflow out in perspiration, instead ofburning in the blood.
A. The pores of the body arelike the safety valves of a steam-engine; when the heat of the body is too great, the combustible gas and greaseflow out in perspiration, instead ofburning in the blood.
Q.Why do persons feellazyand averse to exercise, when they arehalf-starvedorill-fed?A.Animal foodcontains great nourishment, and produces a desire foractive occupations; but when the body is not supplied with strong food, this desire for muscular actionceases, and the person grows slothful.
Q.Why do persons feellazyand averse to exercise, when they arehalf-starvedorill-fed?
Q.Why do persons feellazyand averse to exercise, when they arehalf-starvedorill-fed?
A.Animal foodcontains great nourishment, and produces a desire foractive occupations; but when the body is not supplied with strong food, this desire for muscular actionceases, and the person grows slothful.
A.Animal foodcontains great nourishment, and produces a desire foractive occupations; but when the body is not supplied with strong food, this desire for muscular actionceases, and the person grows slothful.
Q.Why have persons, who followhard out-of-doors occupations, moreappetitethan those who are engaged insedentarypursuits?A. Hard bodily labour in the open aircauses much oxygen to be conveyed into the lungs by inspiration; the combustion of the food is carried on quickly;animal heat increased; and need for nutritious food more quickly indicatedby craving hunger.
Q.Why have persons, who followhard out-of-doors occupations, moreappetitethan those who are engaged insedentarypursuits?
Q.Why have persons, who followhard out-of-doors occupations, moreappetitethan those who are engaged insedentarypursuits?
A. Hard bodily labour in the open aircauses much oxygen to be conveyed into the lungs by inspiration; the combustion of the food is carried on quickly;animal heat increased; and need for nutritious food more quickly indicatedby craving hunger.
A. Hard bodily labour in the open aircauses much oxygen to be conveyed into the lungs by inspiration; the combustion of the food is carried on quickly;animal heat increased; and need for nutritious food more quickly indicatedby craving hunger.
Q.Why have persons who followsedentary pursuitslessappetitethan ploughmen and masons?A. 1st—The air they inhaleis not so pure, because its oxygen is partly exhausted: and2ndly—Their respiration is neitherso quick nor strong, and therefore the combustion of their food is carried on more slowly.
Q.Why have persons who followsedentary pursuitslessappetitethan ploughmen and masons?
Q.Why have persons who followsedentary pursuitslessappetitethan ploughmen and masons?
A. 1st—The air they inhaleis not so pure, because its oxygen is partly exhausted: and2ndly—Their respiration is neitherso quick nor strong, and therefore the combustion of their food is carried on more slowly.
A. 1st—The air they inhaleis not so pure, because its oxygen is partly exhausted: and
2ndly—Their respiration is neitherso quick nor strong, and therefore the combustion of their food is carried on more slowly.
Q.Why do we like strongmeatandgreasyfood when theweatheris verycold?A. Strong meat and grease contain large portions ofhydrogen, which (when burned in the blood) produce a larger amount of heat than any other kind of food.
Q.Why do we like strongmeatandgreasyfood when theweatheris verycold?
Q.Why do we like strongmeatandgreasyfood when theweatheris verycold?
A. Strong meat and grease contain large portions ofhydrogen, which (when burned in the blood) produce a larger amount of heat than any other kind of food.
A. Strong meat and grease contain large portions ofhydrogen, which (when burned in the blood) produce a larger amount of heat than any other kind of food.
Q.Why do personseat morefood incoldweather, than in hot?A. Incoldweather the body requires more fuelto keep up the same amount ofanimal heat; and as weput more coals on a fire on a cold dayto keep ourroom warm, so weeat more food on a cold dayto keep ourbody warm.
Q.Why do personseat morefood incoldweather, than in hot?
Q.Why do personseat morefood incoldweather, than in hot?
A. Incoldweather the body requires more fuelto keep up the same amount ofanimal heat; and as weput more coals on a fire on a cold dayto keep ourroom warm, so weeat more food on a cold dayto keep ourbody warm.
A. Incoldweather the body requires more fuelto keep up the same amount ofanimal heat; and as weput more coals on a fire on a cold dayto keep ourroom warm, so weeat more food on a cold dayto keep ourbody warm.
Q.Why doescoldproducehunger?A. 1st—The air contains moreoxygenin cold weather; and asfires burn fiercer, soanimal combustion is more rapid: and2ndly—We are moreactivein cold weather; and increased respiration actslike a pair of bellowson the capillary combustion.
Q.Why doescoldproducehunger?
Q.Why doescoldproducehunger?
A. 1st—The air contains moreoxygenin cold weather; and asfires burn fiercer, soanimal combustion is more rapid: and2ndly—We are moreactivein cold weather; and increased respiration actslike a pair of bellowson the capillary combustion.
A. 1st—The air contains moreoxygenin cold weather; and asfires burn fiercer, soanimal combustion is more rapid: and
2ndly—We are moreactivein cold weather; and increased respiration actslike a pair of bellowson the capillary combustion.
Q.Why does rapiddigestionproduce a cravingappetite?A. This is a wise providence tokeep our bodies in health; in order that thebody itselfmay not be consumed, it gives notice (by hunger) that thecapillary fires need replenishing.
Q.Why does rapiddigestionproduce a cravingappetite?
Q.Why does rapiddigestionproduce a cravingappetite?
A. This is a wise providence tokeep our bodies in health; in order that thebody itselfmay not be consumed, it gives notice (by hunger) that thecapillary fires need replenishing.
A. This is a wise providence tokeep our bodies in health; in order that thebody itselfmay not be consumed, it gives notice (by hunger) that thecapillary fires need replenishing.
Q.Why do we feel a desire foractivityin cold weather?A. 1st—Because activity increases the warmth of the body,by fanning the combustion of the blood: and2ndly—Thestrong foodwe eat creates a desire for muscular exertion.
Q.Why do we feel a desire foractivityin cold weather?
Q.Why do we feel a desire foractivityin cold weather?
A. 1st—Because activity increases the warmth of the body,by fanning the combustion of the blood: and2ndly—Thestrong foodwe eat creates a desire for muscular exertion.
A. 1st—Because activity increases the warmth of the body,by fanning the combustion of the blood: and
2ndly—Thestrong foodwe eat creates a desire for muscular exertion.
Q.Why are the Esquimeaux so passionately fond oftrain oilandwhale blubber?A. Oil and blubber contain a verylarge amount of hydrogen, which is exceedingly combustible; and as these people live in climates of intense cold, the heat of their bodies is increased by thegreasy nature of their food.
Q.Why are the Esquimeaux so passionately fond oftrain oilandwhale blubber?
Q.Why are the Esquimeaux so passionately fond oftrain oilandwhale blubber?
A. Oil and blubber contain a verylarge amount of hydrogen, which is exceedingly combustible; and as these people live in climates of intense cold, the heat of their bodies is increased by thegreasy nature of their food.
A. Oil and blubber contain a verylarge amount of hydrogen, which is exceedingly combustible; and as these people live in climates of intense cold, the heat of their bodies is increased by thegreasy nature of their food.
Q.Why do we feel a dislike to strong meat and greasy foods in very hot weather?A. Strong meat and grease contain so muchhydrogen, that they would make usintensely hot; and therefore we refuse them in hot weather.
Q.Why do we feel a dislike to strong meat and greasy foods in very hot weather?
Q.Why do we feel a dislike to strong meat and greasy foods in very hot weather?
A. Strong meat and grease contain so muchhydrogen, that they would make usintensely hot; and therefore we refuse them in hot weather.
A. Strong meat and grease contain so muchhydrogen, that they would make usintensely hot; and therefore we refuse them in hot weather.
Q.Why do we like fruits and vegetables so very much in hot weather?A. Fruits and vegetables containless carbonthan meat, and therefore produceless blood: instead of blood,they combine into wateras they are digested, and keep the body cool.
Q.Why do we like fruits and vegetables so very much in hot weather?
Q.Why do we like fruits and vegetables so very much in hot weather?
A. Fruits and vegetables containless carbonthan meat, and therefore produceless blood: instead of blood,they combine into wateras they are digested, and keep the body cool.
A. Fruits and vegetables containless carbonthan meat, and therefore produceless blood: instead of blood,they combine into wateras they are digested, and keep the body cool.
Q.Why do people say thatfruitsandvegetables cooltheblood?A. 1st—Because theydeprive the blood of carbon, which is the chief cause of animal heat: and2ndly—These gases coalesce intowater, which greatly tempers the animal heat.
Q.Why do people say thatfruitsandvegetables cooltheblood?
Q.Why do people say thatfruitsandvegetables cooltheblood?
A. 1st—Because theydeprive the blood of carbon, which is the chief cause of animal heat: and2ndly—These gases coalesce intowater, which greatly tempers the animal heat.
A. 1st—Because theydeprive the blood of carbon, which is the chief cause of animal heat: and
2ndly—These gases coalesce intowater, which greatly tempers the animal heat.
Q.Why do we feellazyand averse to activity in veryhot weather?A. 1st—Because muscular activity would increase the heat of the body, byquickening the respiration: and2ndly—The food we eat in hot weather,not being greasy, naturally abates our desire for bodily activity.
Q.Why do we feellazyand averse to activity in veryhot weather?
Q.Why do we feellazyand averse to activity in veryhot weather?
A. 1st—Because muscular activity would increase the heat of the body, byquickening the respiration: and2ndly—The food we eat in hot weather,not being greasy, naturally abates our desire for bodily activity.
A. 1st—Because muscular activity would increase the heat of the body, byquickening the respiration: and
2ndly—The food we eat in hot weather,not being greasy, naturally abates our desire for bodily activity.
Q.Why do the inhabitants of tropical countries live chiefly upon rice and fruit?A. Rice and fruit by digestionare mainly converted into water, and (by cooling the blood) prevent the tropical heat from feeling so oppressive.
Q.Why do the inhabitants of tropical countries live chiefly upon rice and fruit?
Q.Why do the inhabitants of tropical countries live chiefly upon rice and fruit?
A. Rice and fruit by digestionare mainly converted into water, and (by cooling the blood) prevent the tropical heat from feeling so oppressive.
A. Rice and fruit by digestionare mainly converted into water, and (by cooling the blood) prevent the tropical heat from feeling so oppressive.
Q.Why arepoor peoplegenerallyaversetocleanliness?A. 1st—Cleanliness increases hunger; and as poor people are generallyill-fed, they are averse to cleanliness.2ndly—Dirt is warm, (thus pigs who lovewarmth, are fond ofdirt); and as poor people are generallyill-clad, they like thewarmth of dirt.
Q.Why arepoor peoplegenerallyaversetocleanliness?
Q.Why arepoor peoplegenerallyaversetocleanliness?
A. 1st—Cleanliness increases hunger; and as poor people are generallyill-fed, they are averse to cleanliness.2ndly—Dirt is warm, (thus pigs who lovewarmth, are fond ofdirt); and as poor people are generallyill-clad, they like thewarmth of dirt.
A. 1st—Cleanliness increases hunger; and as poor people are generallyill-fed, they are averse to cleanliness.
2ndly—Dirt is warm, (thus pigs who lovewarmth, are fond ofdirt); and as poor people are generallyill-clad, they like thewarmth of dirt.
Q.Why arepoor peoplegenerallyaversetoventilation?A. 1st—Because ventilationincreases the oxygen of the air,—thecombustion of food,—and thecravings of appetite: and2ndly—Ventilationcools the air of our rooms: poor people, therefore, (who are generally ill-clad) love thewarmthof an ill-ventilated apartment.
Q.Why arepoor peoplegenerallyaversetoventilation?
Q.Why arepoor peoplegenerallyaversetoventilation?
A. 1st—Because ventilationincreases the oxygen of the air,—thecombustion of food,—and thecravings of appetite: and2ndly—Ventilationcools the air of our rooms: poor people, therefore, (who are generally ill-clad) love thewarmthof an ill-ventilated apartment.
A. 1st—Because ventilationincreases the oxygen of the air,—thecombustion of food,—and thecravings of appetite: and
2ndly—Ventilationcools the air of our rooms: poor people, therefore, (who are generally ill-clad) love thewarmthof an ill-ventilated apartment.
Q.Why doesflannel, &c. make uswarm?A. Flannel and warm clothing do notmakeus warm, but merelyprevent the body from becoming cold.
Q.Why doesflannel, &c. make uswarm?
Q.Why doesflannel, &c. make uswarm?
A. Flannel and warm clothing do notmakeus warm, but merelyprevent the body from becoming cold.
A. Flannel and warm clothing do notmakeus warm, but merelyprevent the body from becoming cold.
Q.How does flannel, &c. prevent the body from becoming cold?A. Flannel (being a bad conductor) willneither carry off the heat of the body into the cold air, nor suffer the cold of the airto come into contact with our warm bodies; and thus it is that flannel clothing keeps us warm.
Q.How does flannel, &c. prevent the body from becoming cold?
Q.How does flannel, &c. prevent the body from becoming cold?
A. Flannel (being a bad conductor) willneither carry off the heat of the body into the cold air, nor suffer the cold of the airto come into contact with our warm bodies; and thus it is that flannel clothing keeps us warm.
A. Flannel (being a bad conductor) willneither carry off the heat of the body into the cold air, nor suffer the cold of the airto come into contact with our warm bodies; and thus it is that flannel clothing keeps us warm.
Q.Why arefrogsandfishes cold-bloodedanimals?A. Because they consumeso little air; and without a plentiful supply of air, combustion is so slow, that very little animal heat is evolved.
Q.Why arefrogsandfishes cold-bloodedanimals?
Q.Why arefrogsandfishes cold-bloodedanimals?
A. Because they consumeso little air; and without a plentiful supply of air, combustion is so slow, that very little animal heat is evolved.
A. Because they consumeso little air; and without a plentiful supply of air, combustion is so slow, that very little animal heat is evolved.
Q.Why is adead body cold?A. Air is no longer conveyed to the lungs after respiration has ceased; and, therefore, animal heatis no longer evolved by combustion.
Q.Why is adead body cold?
Q.Why is adead body cold?
A. Air is no longer conveyed to the lungs after respiration has ceased; and, therefore, animal heatis no longer evolved by combustion.
A. Air is no longer conveyed to the lungs after respiration has ceased; and, therefore, animal heatis no longer evolved by combustion.
Q.How is heat produced bymechanical action?A. 1.—By Percussion. 2.—By Friction. 3.—By Condensation.
Q.How is heat produced bymechanical action?
Q.How is heat produced bymechanical action?
A. 1.—By Percussion. 2.—By Friction. 3.—By Condensation.
A. 1.—By Percussion. 2.—By Friction. 3.—By Condensation.
Q.What is meant bypercussion?A.The act of striking; as when a blacksmith strikes a piece of iron on his anvil with his hammer.
Q.What is meant bypercussion?
Q.What is meant bypercussion?
A.The act of striking; as when a blacksmith strikes a piece of iron on his anvil with his hammer.
A.The act of striking; as when a blacksmith strikes a piece of iron on his anvil with his hammer.
Q.Why doesbeating ironmake itred-hot?A.Beatingthe ironcondenses the particlesof the metal; and squeezes out its latent heat, as water from a sponge.
Q.Why doesbeating ironmake itred-hot?
Q.Why doesbeating ironmake itred-hot?
A.Beatingthe ironcondenses the particlesof the metal; and squeezes out its latent heat, as water from a sponge.
A.Beatingthe ironcondenses the particlesof the metal; and squeezes out its latent heat, as water from a sponge.
Q.Doescoldiron containheat?A. Yes;every thingcontains heat; but when a thingfeels cold, its heat islatent.
Q.Doescoldiron containheat?
Q.Doescoldiron containheat?
A. Yes;every thingcontains heat; but when a thingfeels cold, its heat islatent.
A. Yes;every thingcontains heat; but when a thingfeels cold, its heat islatent.
Q.What is meant bylatent heat?A. Heatnot perceptible to our feeling. When anything containsheatwithoutfeelingthe hotter for it, that heat is called “latent.” (See p.31.)
Q.What is meant bylatent heat?
Q.What is meant bylatent heat?
A. Heatnot perceptible to our feeling. When anything containsheatwithoutfeelingthe hotter for it, that heat is called “latent.” (See p.31.)
A. Heatnot perceptible to our feeling. When anything containsheatwithoutfeelingthe hotter for it, that heat is called “latent.” (See p.31.)
Q.Doescoldiron contain latentheat?A. Yes; and when a blacksmithcompresses the particlesof the iron by his hammer, hesqueezes outthis latent heat, and makes the iron red-hot.
Q.Doescoldiron contain latentheat?
Q.Doescoldiron contain latentheat?
A. Yes; and when a blacksmithcompresses the particlesof the iron by his hammer, hesqueezes outthis latent heat, and makes the iron red-hot.
A. Yes; and when a blacksmithcompresses the particlesof the iron by his hammer, hesqueezes outthis latent heat, and makes the iron red-hot.
Q.How did blacksmiths use tolight their matchesbefore the general use of lucifers?A. They used to place a soft iron nail upon their anvil; strike it two or three times with a hammer; and the point becamesufficiently hot to light a brimstone match.
Q.How did blacksmiths use tolight their matchesbefore the general use of lucifers?
Q.How did blacksmiths use tolight their matchesbefore the general use of lucifers?
A. They used to place a soft iron nail upon their anvil; strike it two or three times with a hammer; and the point becamesufficiently hot to light a brimstone match.
A. They used to place a soft iron nail upon their anvil; strike it two or three times with a hammer; and the point becamesufficiently hot to light a brimstone match.
Q.How can anail(beaten by a hammer)ignitea brimstonematch?A. As the particles of the nail arecompressed by the hammer, it cannot containso much heat as it did before; so some of itflies out(as water flows from a sponge when it is squeezed).
Q.How can anail(beaten by a hammer)ignitea brimstonematch?
Q.How can anail(beaten by a hammer)ignitea brimstonematch?
A. As the particles of the nail arecompressed by the hammer, it cannot containso much heat as it did before; so some of itflies out(as water flows from a sponge when it is squeezed).
A. As the particles of the nail arecompressed by the hammer, it cannot containso much heat as it did before; so some of itflies out(as water flows from a sponge when it is squeezed).
Q.Why doesstrikingaflintagainst a piece ofsteelproduce aspark?A. The blowcondensesthose parts of the flint and steel which striketogether, and squeezes out their latent heat.
Q.Why doesstrikingaflintagainst a piece ofsteelproduce aspark?
Q.Why doesstrikingaflintagainst a piece ofsteelproduce aspark?
A. The blowcondensesthose parts of the flint and steel which striketogether, and squeezes out their latent heat.
A. The blowcondensesthose parts of the flint and steel which striketogether, and squeezes out their latent heat.
Q.How does this development ofheatproduce aspark?A. A very small fragment (either of the steel or flint)is knocked off red-hot, and sets fire to the tinder on which it falls.
Q.How does this development ofheatproduce aspark?
Q.How does this development ofheatproduce aspark?
A. A very small fragment (either of the steel or flint)is knocked off red-hot, and sets fire to the tinder on which it falls.
A. A very small fragment (either of the steel or flint)is knocked off red-hot, and sets fire to the tinder on which it falls.
Q.Why is it needful to keepblowingthetinderwith the breath?A. Becauseblowingthe tinder, drives theoxygen of the airtowards it.
Q.Why is it needful to keepblowingthetinderwith the breath?
Q.Why is it needful to keepblowingthetinderwith the breath?
A. Becauseblowingthe tinder, drives theoxygen of the airtowards it.
A. Becauseblowingthe tinder, drives theoxygen of the airtowards it.