Abacus,52Abd-er-Rahman, Caliph,126Acropolis,61,62Adan, the,126Age of Legend (Greece),46Agrippa,76Albert Hall, South Kensington,181Alexander the Great;17;and Thais,34Alexandria, obelisks at,15Alhambra;129;described by De Amicis,129,130American architecture;youth of,181;domestic,183,184;periods of,184;modern writer on,186;promise of,188,190(andseeUnited States)Amytis,30Ancient or heathen art,2Ancient architecture;87;change from, to Gothic,79;adapted to climate and use,172Andrea del Sarto,153Angers, church at,103Antæ.SeepilastersArabs,128Arcades;combined from Greek and Etruscan art,76;of Ducal Palace, Venice,142Arc de l'Étoile (Paris),165Arch;knowledge of principle of,73;found in Etruscan ruins,73;oldest in Europe (of Cloaca Maxima),74;the Roman triumphal,81;of Titus,82;of Septimius Severus,82;of Beneventum,82,83;Roman,83;(Gothic) unending use of,95;French use of pointed,96;early use of pointed,123;examples of, in Court of the Lions,130;examples of, in Ducal Palace,142;triumphal, in France,164Architecturein general,1Architrave,52,56Art;as effected by Athenian influence,67;(Gothic) religious use of,103;(Gothic) revival of,104;(Gothic) applied to civic edifices,104;of Renaissance, and Filippo Brunelleschi,134–138;(Italian) 145;(Italian) as a means of religion,154Artaxerxes Ochus, palace of,38Artemisia,68,69Assouan.SeeSyeneAssyria;ruins of,21;cuneiform inscriptions found in,21;religious influence in,22;bas-reliefs of,22;palaces of, described,23–26;Hercules of,24;excelling inarchitects and designers,28;obelisk of,28,29Assyrian pillars, shaft of,12Assyrians, Persians taught by,34Astronomy, and Birs-i-Nimrud,32Athena;Parthenos,62;Polias;statue of,62,64;Promachos,62(andseeMinerva)Athens;Choragic Monument of Lysicrates at,57;Erechtheium at,59;Acropolis of,61;municipal buildings of,67Attic base,55Attic-Ionic style, the Erechtheium an example of,65Aue-Kirche (Munich),175Augustines, church of the (Paris),160Augustus (Emperor), boast of,80Autharis,90Avenue of Sphinxes,13Babylon;inscriptions of,21;hanging gardens of,29;temples of,30;temple of Belus at,31;prophecies concerning,33Babylonians;knowledge of, as builders,30;Persians taught by,34Bacchus, monument of Lysicrates dedicated to,68Baptistery at Florence,90Barry, Sir Charles,171Base;Grecian Doric,11;decorations on, at Persepolis,41;Attic,55;Ionic,55;Tuscan order of,76;Composite,76Basilica;of St. Paul's (Rome),88;of the Escurial,146,148;near St. Mark's,114;at Munich,175Basilicas;of Rome,78;of Trajan and Maxentius,79;columns of,79;given up to Christians,87Bas-reliefs, of Assyria,22Baths;of Agrippa,76;of Diocletian,80;of Caracalla,80Battiste Monegro, statues of Escurial by,149Bavaria, bronze statue of,176Bedford House,184Belus, temple of (Babylon),31Belzoni, and tomb of Seti I.,7Beneventum, arch of,82,83Beni-Hassan, tombs at,5Benvenuto Cellini,153Bergamo, porch at,112Berlin;Brandenburg Gate at,173;New Museum at,177Bianca, wife of Francesco Sforza,144Birs-i-Nimrud,32Bishop of Paris, St. Germain,173Boodroom, name of Halicarnassus changed to,70Boulevards (Paris),164Bourse (Lyons),162Bow Church (London), steeple of,168Bramante;140;great court (Milan), designed by,144Brandenburg Gate (Berlin),173British Museum,169Broletto at Como,112Brunelleschi, Filippo;134;and story of Columbus and the egg,138;statue of (Florence),138;architect of Pitti Palace,138,154Byzantine order, the;geographical boundaries of,93;in Southern Italy,111,115;and Constantinople,117;the dome the chief characteristic of,117;and the Greek Church,117;decline of,117;exterior and interior of,119Byzantine-Romanesque,115,122Cæsar, works of,134Cairo;mosque at,123;mosque near,125Caliph Abd-er-Rahman,126Callimachus (sculptor), and Corinthian capital,58,59Cambridge, Fitzwilliam College at,169Campaniles,112,114(andseeClock-tower).Canterbury Cathedral, and pointed arches,124Capital;definition of,11;varieties of in Great Hall of Karnak,40;Grecian,52;Ionic,55;of Corinthian order,57,58;of Roman Composite order,75;variety of in mosque of Cordova,128;in Ducal Palace,142Capitol;State and National,181;at Washington,182,183;of Ohio,183;at Albany,188Car of Victory, and Napoleon,173Cardinal Richelieu,154Caria, King of,69Caryatides;59;of the Walhalla,178Casino;at Newport,188;at New York,188Castle of Wartburg,109,110Cathedral;at Aix-la-Chapelle,123;at Florence,136,138;at Jaen,146;at Valladolid,146;of St. Paul's London,167;at New York,188Cecilia Metella, tomb of,84Cella,51Central Park, New York, obelisk in,16Chambord, château of,154,161Champs Elysées, Arc de l'Étoile in (Paris),165Charlemagne,123Charles I. of England and classic art,134Charles V. of Spain, abdication of,146Charles IX. of France,161Chehl Minar,38(andseeGreat Hall of Audience)Chenonceaux, châteaux of,154Cheops.SeePyramidsChiswick House, Inigo Jones designer of,167Choragic Monument of Lysicrates (Athens),57Choragus,67Christians;art of, in Sicily,116;under Constantine,87;rise and progress of architecture of,87;influence of belief of,93Church;of San Miniato,115;of Mother of God (Constantinople),123;of St. Vitale (Ravenna),123;of the Escurial,155;of the Sarbonne,156;of St. Genevieve,158(andseePantheon);of the Invalides (Paris),156–158;of the Trinity (Paris),160;of the Madeleine (Paris),160;of the Augustines (Paris),160;of St. Paul's (Covent Garden),166;of St. Stephen's (Walbrook),168;of St. Ludwig (Munich),175Churches;early forms of, in Italy,89;(Gothic) interiors of,98,rood-screens of,107;of Burgos,105;of Toledo,105;of Malaga and Segovia,146Churriguera, Josef de,146Churrigueresque style,146Civic order, Broletto at Como,112Classic style, revival of, in Germany,172Classic literature of Rome, influence of,153Cleopatra's Needles,15Cloaca Maxima (Rome),74Clock-tower; near St. Mark's (Venice),114(andseeCampanile)Cologne, great cathedral of,10Colonial period (America),184Colosseum,80Colossi,13(andseeRameses the Great)Columbaria,84,85Columns;11;of Hypostyle Hall (Karnak),11;Assyrian knowledge of,28;of Great Hall of Audience,39,40;Persian development of,42;Grecian,52;Ionic,56;of temple of Diana (Ephesus),60;of green jasper at St. Sophia,61;Tuscan order of,76;of basilicas,79; of St. Paul's (Rome),89;of St. Sophia,120;of mosque of Cordova,127,128;of the Alhambra,129,130;in court-yard of the Escurial,149;of the Pantheon,158;of Victory, in France,164;of portico of Ruhmeshalle,176(andsee"Groves of Pillars"andPillars)Composite order,75Constantine, Emperor;2;Egypt in time of,19;arch of,81;Christians under,87,117Constantinople;St. Sophia at,61;and Byzantine order,117Convent of Escurial,150,151Cordova, mosque at,126Corinthian capital,58,59Corinthian order;52;57;capital of,57,58;shown in the Madeleine (Paris),160Cornice,53,76Count of Thuringia,110Court of the Lions,129,130Cragie House (Cambridge),184Crown, iron, of Theodolinda,92Crypt of the Invalides,158Custom House at Rouen,162Cyrus, tomb of,42,43Darius;palace of,38;tomb of,43Dark Ages,134De Amicis;quoted concerning the mosque of Cordova,126;quoted concerning the Escurial,148–152Diana,60Diocletian, palace of (Spalatro),86Distyle in Antis,51Doge's Palace (Venice),114(andseeDucal Palace)Dome;chief characteristic of Byzantine architecture,117;119;of the cathedral of Florence,138;of St. Peter's (Rome),138;of the Invalides,157;of the Pantheon (Paris),158;of the Capitol (Washington),183Domes of St. Mark's (Venice),114Domestic architecture;Egyptian study of,16;of Greece,70;of Rome,85;Gothic,109;of Spain,152;of France,162;examples of, in Great Britain,169;of America,183,184Doric order;imitated old Egyptian tombs,7;characteristics of,52–54;traced back,54;and Ionic order, compared,57;Propylæa and Parthenon as examples of,64Dresden, new theatre and picture gallery of,177Ducal Palace (Venice), and John Ruskin,142(andseeDoge's Palace)"Easterns," the,123(andseeSaracens)Ebed, the,126Ecbatana, palace of,34Echinus,52Eclectic style,188Edfou, temple of,17'Early Spanish' architecture,106Egypt, tombs and ruins of,2–20;religion of, influencing art,8;pillars of,11;hieroglyphics on pillars of,12;irregular plans of palaces and temples of,13;obelisks of, removed,15;ancient houses of,16;domestic architecture of,16;under the Ptolemies,17;decline of arts of, in later days,19;in time of Constantine (Emperor),19;present knowledge of history of,20Elmwood,184England;imitation of other styles of architecture in,166;Gothic order in,166;examples of various architectural styles in,169;art of, at the present time,172;revival of Gothic art in,170Entablature;definition of,54;of Walhalla,178Entasis,67Ephesus;temple of Diana at,60;desolation at,61Epistyle,7Erechtheium (Athens);59;and Athena Polias,62;burial-place of Erechtheus,64;founded by Erechtheus,64;example of Attic-Ionic style,65Erechtheus, founder of the Erechtheium,65Escurial (near Madrid),146–152;combination forming,146;dome of basilica of,146;palace of,147;De Amicis's description of,148–152;statues of, by Battiste Monegro,149;room of Philip II. in,149;basilica of,149;church of,149;courtyard of the kings of,149;convent of,150,151Etruscans;71;theatres and amphitheatres of,72Euphrates,29Exchange at Marseilles,162Façade of Ducal Palace,142"Farnese Bull,"81"Farnese Hercules,"81Ferdinand and Isabella, reign of,145Fergusson and Gothic architecture,93Filippo Brunelleschi and art of Renaissance,134–138Fine Art Gallery, near baths of Caracalla,81Fitzwilliam College (Cambridge),169Flavian Amphitheatre,80Florence, cathedral of,134Fontaine St. Michel,165Fontainebleau, palace of,154Fortress, the Acropolis as a,62Fortresses of ancient Greece,48Forum Boarium,82France;and revival of classic art,134;and Gothic architecture,153;sovereigns of, as influencing architecture,154;change in style in, from Gothic to Renaissance,156;style of Henry IV. in,161;time of classic revival,162;domestic architecture of,162;Neo-Grecstyle in,165,166;modern,165,166Francesco Sforza,144Francis I., of France;and introduction of Italian art,154;Louvre rebuilt by,160Frieze;definition of,53;of Ionic order,56;of Tuscan order,76;of Walhalla,178Gargoyle,98Garibald, King of Bavaria,90Gateway Huldah of temple at Jerusalem,44Gateways;in walls of Nineveh,21;in walls of Babylon,29;golden, iron, and brazen, of palace of Diocletian,86Germany;and revival of classic art,134;imitation of details of Greek architecture in,173;modern architecture of,173Ghizeh, pyramids of,3Gibbon (historian) and St. Sophia,122Giotto's campanile,112Girard College (Philadelphia),186Glaber, Rodulphe,93Glyptothek at Munich,177Gothic order;Fergusson's location of,93;extension and origin of,93;invention of interior aisles in,98;design of, in ornament,99;painted glass applied to,100;Spanish variation of,105;modification of in Northern Italy,111;combined with Eastern decoration in Venetian architecture,114;last distinct order,133;in France,153;union of, with Italian design in France,154;in England,166;in the Tudor age,170;and Houses of Parliament,171
Abacus,52
Abd-er-Rahman, Caliph,126
Acropolis,61,62
Adan, the,126
Age of Legend (Greece),46
Agrippa,76
Albert Hall, South Kensington,181
Alexander the Great;17;and Thais,34
Alexandria, obelisks at,15
Alhambra;129;described by De Amicis,129,130
American architecture;youth of,181;domestic,183,184;periods of,184;modern writer on,186;promise of,188,190(andseeUnited States)
Amytis,30
Ancient or heathen art,2
Ancient architecture;87;change from, to Gothic,79;adapted to climate and use,172
Andrea del Sarto,153
Angers, church at,103
Antæ.Seepilasters
Arabs,128
Arcades;combined from Greek and Etruscan art,76;of Ducal Palace, Venice,142
Arc de l'Étoile (Paris),165
Arch;knowledge of principle of,73;found in Etruscan ruins,73;oldest in Europe (of Cloaca Maxima),74;the Roman triumphal,81;of Titus,82;of Septimius Severus,82;of Beneventum,82,83;Roman,83;(Gothic) unending use of,95;French use of pointed,96;early use of pointed,123;examples of, in Court of the Lions,130;examples of, in Ducal Palace,142;triumphal, in France,164
Architecturein general,1
Architrave,52,56
Art;as effected by Athenian influence,67;(Gothic) religious use of,103;(Gothic) revival of,104;(Gothic) applied to civic edifices,104;of Renaissance, and Filippo Brunelleschi,134–138;(Italian) 145;(Italian) as a means of religion,154
Artaxerxes Ochus, palace of,38
Artemisia,68,69
Assouan.SeeSyene
Assyria;ruins of,21;cuneiform inscriptions found in,21;religious influence in,22;bas-reliefs of,22;palaces of, described,23–26;Hercules of,24;excelling inarchitects and designers,28;obelisk of,28,29
Assyrian pillars, shaft of,12
Assyrians, Persians taught by,34
Astronomy, and Birs-i-Nimrud,32
Athena;Parthenos,62;Polias;statue of,62,64;Promachos,62(andseeMinerva)
Athens;Choragic Monument of Lysicrates at,57;Erechtheium at,59;Acropolis of,61;municipal buildings of,67
Attic base,55
Attic-Ionic style, the Erechtheium an example of,65
Aue-Kirche (Munich),175
Augustines, church of the (Paris),160
Augustus (Emperor), boast of,80
Autharis,90
Avenue of Sphinxes,13
Babylon;inscriptions of,21;hanging gardens of,29;temples of,30;temple of Belus at,31;prophecies concerning,33
Babylonians;knowledge of, as builders,30;Persians taught by,34
Bacchus, monument of Lysicrates dedicated to,68
Baptistery at Florence,90
Barry, Sir Charles,171
Base;Grecian Doric,11;decorations on, at Persepolis,41;Attic,55;Ionic,55;Tuscan order of,76;Composite,76
Basilica;of St. Paul's (Rome),88;of the Escurial,146,148;near St. Mark's,114;at Munich,175
Basilicas;of Rome,78;of Trajan and Maxentius,79;columns of,79;given up to Christians,87
Bas-reliefs, of Assyria,22
Baths;of Agrippa,76;of Diocletian,80;of Caracalla,80
Battiste Monegro, statues of Escurial by,149
Bavaria, bronze statue of,176
Bedford House,184
Belus, temple of (Babylon),31
Belzoni, and tomb of Seti I.,7
Beneventum, arch of,82,83
Beni-Hassan, tombs at,5
Benvenuto Cellini,153
Bergamo, porch at,112
Berlin;Brandenburg Gate at,173;New Museum at,177
Bianca, wife of Francesco Sforza,144
Birs-i-Nimrud,32
Bishop of Paris, St. Germain,173
Boodroom, name of Halicarnassus changed to,70
Boulevards (Paris),164
Bourse (Lyons),162
Bow Church (London), steeple of,168
Bramante;140;great court (Milan), designed by,144
Brandenburg Gate (Berlin),173
British Museum,169
Broletto at Como,112
Brunelleschi, Filippo;134;and story of Columbus and the egg,138;statue of (Florence),138;architect of Pitti Palace,138,154
Byzantine order, the;geographical boundaries of,93;in Southern Italy,111,115;and Constantinople,117;the dome the chief characteristic of,117;and the Greek Church,117;decline of,117;exterior and interior of,119
Byzantine-Romanesque,115,122
Cæsar, works of,134
Cairo;mosque at,123;mosque near,125
Caliph Abd-er-Rahman,126
Callimachus (sculptor), and Corinthian capital,58,59
Cambridge, Fitzwilliam College at,169
Campaniles,112,114(andseeClock-tower).
Canterbury Cathedral, and pointed arches,124
Capital;definition of,11;varieties of in Great Hall of Karnak,40;Grecian,52;Ionic,55;of Corinthian order,57,58;of Roman Composite order,75;variety of in mosque of Cordova,128;in Ducal Palace,142
Capitol;State and National,181;at Washington,182,183;of Ohio,183;at Albany,188
Car of Victory, and Napoleon,173
Cardinal Richelieu,154
Caria, King of,69
Caryatides;59;of the Walhalla,178
Casino;at Newport,188;at New York,188
Castle of Wartburg,109,110
Cathedral;at Aix-la-Chapelle,123;at Florence,136,138;at Jaen,146;at Valladolid,146;of St. Paul's London,167;at New York,188
Cecilia Metella, tomb of,84
Cella,51
Central Park, New York, obelisk in,16
Chambord, château of,154,161
Champs Elysées, Arc de l'Étoile in (Paris),165
Charlemagne,123
Charles I. of England and classic art,134
Charles V. of Spain, abdication of,146
Charles IX. of France,161
Chehl Minar,38(andseeGreat Hall of Audience)
Chenonceaux, châteaux of,154
Cheops.SeePyramids
Chiswick House, Inigo Jones designer of,167
Choragic Monument of Lysicrates (Athens),57
Choragus,67
Christians;art of, in Sicily,116;under Constantine,87;rise and progress of architecture of,87;influence of belief of,93
Church;of San Miniato,115;of Mother of God (Constantinople),123;of St. Vitale (Ravenna),123;of the Escurial,155;of the Sarbonne,156;of St. Genevieve,158(andseePantheon);of the Invalides (Paris),156–158;of the Trinity (Paris),160;of the Madeleine (Paris),160;of the Augustines (Paris),160;of St. Paul's (Covent Garden),166;of St. Stephen's (Walbrook),168;of St. Ludwig (Munich),175
Churches;early forms of, in Italy,89;(Gothic) interiors of,98,rood-screens of,107;of Burgos,105;of Toledo,105;of Malaga and Segovia,146
Churriguera, Josef de,146
Churrigueresque style,146
Civic order, Broletto at Como,112
Classic style, revival of, in Germany,172
Classic literature of Rome, influence of,153
Cleopatra's Needles,15
Cloaca Maxima (Rome),74
Clock-tower; near St. Mark's (Venice),114(andseeCampanile)
Cologne, great cathedral of,10
Colonial period (America),184
Colosseum,80
Colossi,13(andseeRameses the Great)
Columbaria,84,85
Columns;11;of Hypostyle Hall (Karnak),11;Assyrian knowledge of,28;of Great Hall of Audience,39,40;Persian development of,42;Grecian,52;Ionic,56;of temple of Diana (Ephesus),60;of green jasper at St. Sophia,61;Tuscan order of,76;of basilicas,79; of St. Paul's (Rome),89;of St. Sophia,120;of mosque of Cordova,127,128;of the Alhambra,129,130;in court-yard of the Escurial,149;of the Pantheon,158;of Victory, in France,164;of portico of Ruhmeshalle,176(andsee"Groves of Pillars"andPillars)
Composite order,75
Constantine, Emperor;2;Egypt in time of,19;arch of,81;Christians under,87,117
Constantinople;St. Sophia at,61;and Byzantine order,117
Convent of Escurial,150,151
Cordova, mosque at,126
Corinthian capital,58,59
Corinthian order;52;57;capital of,57,58;shown in the Madeleine (Paris),160
Cornice,53,76
Count of Thuringia,110
Court of the Lions,129,130
Cragie House (Cambridge),184
Crown, iron, of Theodolinda,92
Crypt of the Invalides,158
Custom House at Rouen,162
Cyrus, tomb of,42,43
Darius;palace of,38;tomb of,43
Dark Ages,134
De Amicis;quoted concerning the mosque of Cordova,126;quoted concerning the Escurial,148–152
Diana,60
Diocletian, palace of (Spalatro),86
Distyle in Antis,51
Doge's Palace (Venice),114(andseeDucal Palace)
Dome;chief characteristic of Byzantine architecture,117;119;of the cathedral of Florence,138;of St. Peter's (Rome),138;of the Invalides,157;of the Pantheon (Paris),158;of the Capitol (Washington),183
Domes of St. Mark's (Venice),114
Domestic architecture;Egyptian study of,16;of Greece,70;of Rome,85;Gothic,109;of Spain,152;of France,162;examples of, in Great Britain,169;of America,183,184
Doric order;imitated old Egyptian tombs,7;characteristics of,52–54;traced back,54;and Ionic order, compared,57;Propylæa and Parthenon as examples of,64
Dresden, new theatre and picture gallery of,177
Ducal Palace (Venice), and John Ruskin,142(andseeDoge's Palace)
"Easterns," the,123(andseeSaracens)
Ebed, the,126
Ecbatana, palace of,34
Echinus,52
Eclectic style,188
Edfou, temple of,17
'Early Spanish' architecture,106
Egypt, tombs and ruins of,2–20;religion of, influencing art,8;pillars of,11;hieroglyphics on pillars of,12;irregular plans of palaces and temples of,13;obelisks of, removed,15;ancient houses of,16;domestic architecture of,16;under the Ptolemies,17;decline of arts of, in later days,19;in time of Constantine (Emperor),19;present knowledge of history of,20
Elmwood,184
England;imitation of other styles of architecture in,166;Gothic order in,166;examples of various architectural styles in,169;art of, at the present time,172;revival of Gothic art in,170
Entablature;definition of,54;of Walhalla,178
Entasis,67
Ephesus;temple of Diana at,60;desolation at,61
Epistyle,7
Erechtheium (Athens);59;and Athena Polias,62;burial-place of Erechtheus,64;founded by Erechtheus,64;example of Attic-Ionic style,65
Erechtheus, founder of the Erechtheium,65
Escurial (near Madrid),146–152;combination forming,146;dome of basilica of,146;palace of,147;De Amicis's description of,148–152;statues of, by Battiste Monegro,149;room of Philip II. in,149;basilica of,149;church of,149;courtyard of the kings of,149;convent of,150,151
Etruscans;71;theatres and amphitheatres of,72
Euphrates,29
Exchange at Marseilles,162
Façade of Ducal Palace,142
"Farnese Bull,"81
"Farnese Hercules,"81
Ferdinand and Isabella, reign of,145
Fergusson and Gothic architecture,93
Filippo Brunelleschi and art of Renaissance,134–138
Fine Art Gallery, near baths of Caracalla,81
Fitzwilliam College (Cambridge),169
Flavian Amphitheatre,80
Florence, cathedral of,134
Fontaine St. Michel,165
Fontainebleau, palace of,154
Fortress, the Acropolis as a,62
Fortresses of ancient Greece,48
Forum Boarium,82
France;and revival of classic art,134;and Gothic architecture,153;sovereigns of, as influencing architecture,154;change in style in, from Gothic to Renaissance,156;style of Henry IV. in,161;time of classic revival,162;domestic architecture of,162;Neo-Grecstyle in,165,166;modern,165,166
Francesco Sforza,144
Francis I., of France;and introduction of Italian art,154;Louvre rebuilt by,160
Frieze;definition of,53;of Ionic order,56;of Tuscan order,76;of Walhalla,178
Gargoyle,98
Garibald, King of Bavaria,90
Gateway Huldah of temple at Jerusalem,44
Gateways;in walls of Nineveh,21;in walls of Babylon,29;golden, iron, and brazen, of palace of Diocletian,86
Germany;and revival of classic art,134;imitation of details of Greek architecture in,173;modern architecture of,173
Ghizeh, pyramids of,3
Gibbon (historian) and St. Sophia,122
Giotto's campanile,112
Girard College (Philadelphia),186
Glaber, Rodulphe,93
Glyptothek at Munich,177
Gothic order;Fergusson's location of,93;extension and origin of,93;invention of interior aisles in,98;design of, in ornament,99;painted glass applied to,100;Spanish variation of,105;modification of in Northern Italy,111;combined with Eastern decoration in Venetian architecture,114;last distinct order,133;in France,153;union of, with Italian design in France,154;in England,166;in the Tudor age,170;and Houses of Parliament,171