40,52,141,263Central Citadel, of Babylon,28Cerealia,307Chaldea,262ff,270Chaldeans,257,263f.; of Nagitu,270Chedorlaomer, king of Elam,159Chief-baker,305Chief-butler,305Chiera, E.,92ff,102,104,150ff,155f.,204China, Great Wall of,21; city-sites in,22Chronicles,210Chronology,87ff,117f.Cilicia,230,262Cilician Gates,4f.Cimmerians,269,275,279Citadel, character of Babylonian,27Class privileges,164f.Clay, Prof. A. T.,91,99,150,156,245,254,282; discoveries of,89f.,94ff,148,163,287Code, of Hammurabi,160f.,252;Prologue of,158f.; Sumerian,163,299Collingwood, Lieut. W.,17Columns, in decoration,44Combe, E.,164Commercial life,181f.,195,207,237,285ff.Condamin, Père A.,129Contracts,41,109,163,183Copper, ratio of, to silver,211Corvée,193,249,253Courts, of justice,40f.; of palace,28,30,40f.Cowell, P. H.,257Craig, Prof. J. A.,107Creation legends,195,306Crœsus, king of Lydia,282Ctesias,21,24,47Ctesiphon,5,9,11Cult-images, of kings,206Cumont, Prof. Franz,292,312Cuq, Prof. Edouard,247,250Curses, on boundary-stones,246f.Curtius Rufus,47,49Cuthah,146f.,149,159,263Cyaxares, king of Media,276,278f.Cylinder-seals,127f.,261,271,298f.Cyprus,290Cyrene,278Cyrus, king of Persia,282ff.,286; in List,321DAGAN,131,136,159Dagan-takala, Canaanite prince,132Dagon, god of Ashdod,132;as Ba'al of Khana,131;cult of, on Euphrates,132Damascus,11,120,262Damik-Adad, in Akkad,249Damik-ilishu, king of Nîsin,93f.,97,101,153ff.,209; in List,319Damki-ilishu, king of Second Dynasty,208f.;in List,320Darius I. Hystaspis, king of Persia,7,285f.;in List,321Darius II., king of Persia,321Darius III., Codomanus, king ofPersia,287; in List,321Date-formulæ,190Date-palm, cultivation of,177David,307Davies, N. de G.,223De Sarzec, E.,138Deification of kings,206Dêlem,141Delitzsch, Prof. Friedrich,6,33,35,139,151,244Deluge,114f.Deportation, Assyrian policy of,267f.Dêr, or Dûr-ilu,145,244,253,269Dêr ez-Zôr,129f.Dhorme, Père Paul,281Diarbekr,5Dieulafoy, Marcel,80f.Dilbat,141f.,159; site of,141Dilmun,6Diodorus,48f.,81Diorite, from Magan,6Dioscuri,303Disease, Babylonian conception of,194Divination,299; lamb for,206Divorce, laws of,185f.Dog, of Gula,297; votive figure of,147Double-dates, at Nîsin,94ff.Draco, constellation,292Dragon, of Marduk,55,261;of Nabû,79; of the deep,195Dragon-combat,306Dragons, of chaos,195,306;enamelled,51f.; bronze,52Drainage, Babylonian system of,45Driver, Prof. S. R.,126Drowning, as penalty,185Dudkhalia, Hittite king,160,240Dungi, king of Ur,145Dûr-Abi-eshu', on Tigris,205Dûr-Ammi-ditana, on Zilakum Canal,207Dûr-Ammi-zaduga, on Euphrates,209Dûr-Ashur, in Zarnua,259Dûr-Enlil, in Sea-Country,217Dûr-Cula-dûru, in Akkad,148Dûr-gurgurri, on Tigris,151,189,191Dûr-Iabugani, in Akkad,148Dûr-ilu;seeDêrDûr-Kurigalzu, in Akkad,218,256Dûr-Lagaba, in Akkad,148Dûr-muti,149Dûr-Padda, in Akkad,148Dûr-Papsukal,204Dûr-Sin-muballit,153Dûr-Sin-muballit-abim-walidia,158Dûr-uṣi-ana-Ura, in Akkad,148Dûr-Zakar, fortress of Nippur,147f.,204Dushratta, king of Mitanni,221,234Dwellings, arrangement of,41f.E-ANNA, temple of Anu and Ishtarat Erech,159,211,287E-anna-shum-iddina, governor ofSea-Country,255f.E-apsû, temple of Enki at Eridu,158E-babbar, temple of Shamash atSippar,110,149,159,201E-babbar, temple of Shamash atLarsa,151,159E-galmakh, temple at Nîsin,159E-gishshirgal, temple of Sin at Ur,159,200;temple of Sin at Babylon,206E-ibianu, temple,149E-kankal, temple of Lugal-banda andNinsun at Erech,211E-khulkhul, temple of Sin at Harran,276E-kiku, temple of Ishtar at Babylon,149E-kua, shrine of Marduk in E-sagila,72E-kur, temple of Enlil at Nippur,158E-kur-shum-ushabshi, priest,261E-makh, temple of Nininakh inBabylon,61ff.,65;ground-plan of,64;in plans,23,83E-makh, temple at Adab,159;E-malga-uruna, temple of Enlil atDûr-Enlil,217f.E-meslam, temple of Nergal atCuthah,149,159E-mete-ursag, temple of Zamama at Kish,159E-mishmish, temple of Ishtar at Nineveh,159E-namkhe, temple of Adad at Babylon,155E-namtila, temple,209E-ninnû, temple of Ningirsu atLagash,153,159,299E-patutila, temple of Ninib at Babylon,23;ground-plan of,71E sagil-shadûni, reputed father of usurper,250E-sagila, temple of Marduk at Babylon,28 f.,37,80f.,142,149,158,283 f.,280f.; remains of,71ff.;excavation of,20f.; orientationof,69; plan of,74; restoration of,75; in plan,23E-temen-anki, temple-tower of E-sagila,38,60,73ff.; plan of,74;restoration of,75; in plan,23;see alsoTower of BabylonE-ugalgal, temple of Adad at Bît-Karkara,159E-ulmash, temple of Ishtar at Akkad (Agade),159E-ulmash-shakin-shum, king of SixthDynasty,257; in List,321E-zida, temple of Nabû at Borsippa,16,78f.,159,279; plan of,78;bronze step from,27,77Ea,73,297;see alsoEnkiEa-gamil, king of Second Dynasty,211f.,217; in List,202Ea-mukîn-zêr, king of Fifth Dynasty,257;in List,321Ea-nadin-[...], possibly king ofFourth Dynasty,255Ecbatana,8,286Eclipses, solar,257,279Ecliptic constellations,310f.Edina, in S. Babylonia,255Egypt, I,4,38,41,219ff.; andCanaan,120f.,219; and Syria,276 f.; and Assyria,269,272; andLydia,283; and Persia,285; andthe Hittites,234ff.; as Asiaticpower,219ff.; irrigation in,172;boundary-records of,247; in earlyChristian writings,305Ekallâti,256Ekron,270El-Birs,15;see alsoBirs-NimrûdEl-Ohêmir,seeAḥimerElam,7f.,133,315; and the WesternSemites,7,150ff.; and the laterKassites,244,252; in alliancewith Babylon,264,209,272; tradeof,5,181; importations from,207; goddesses of,296; systemsof writing in,2; in astrology,140Eldred, John,14f.Electra, of Euripides,293Elijah,307Eltekeh,270Emblems, divine,55,79,297;on boundary-stones,246f.Emisu, king of Larsa,89f.,134; in List,318Emutbal,150,154,157,198,200Enamelled brickwork,43Enamelling, process of,57Enannatum, chief priest in Ur,135Enki,95,155,297;see alsoEa, E-apsûEnlil,95,194; cult of, at Babylon,155,206;see aluoE-kur,E-malga-uruna, NippurEnlil-bani, king of Nîsin,148,150; in List,319Enlil-kudur-usur, king of Assyria,244; in List,320Enlil-nadin-apli, king of FourthDynasty,112,254f.; in List,320Enlil-nadin-shum, king of ThirdDynasty,244; tablets of time of,84; in List,320Enlil-nirari, king of Assyria,243; in List,320Entemena, patesi of Lagash,246;cult of deified,206Ephesus,5Equinoxes, precession of,312Erba-Murduk, king of EighthDynasty,264,269; in List,321Erech,11,113,135,147,155,159,198f.,287; local dynasty of,211;Neo-Babylonian letter from,281Ereshkigal,304Eridu,135,147,152f.,155,158;oracle of,153,158Esarhaddon,139,269,271f.;Babylonian policy of,271,273;Black-Stone of,176; in List,321Etana,290f.Ethics, Babylonian,2Euphrates,4f.,185; change in courseof,30,37f.,58; West Semiticsettlements on,157,159; canalizationof,156; irrigation on,173f.Euphrates route,4,8Euripides,293,311Europe, Babylonian influence on,12,289Euryalus,309Eurymachus309Eusebius,114f.,116,276,280Evil spirit, possession by,240Exchange, medium of,196Exorcist, Babylonian,240Expansion-joint, in building,19Ezekiel,62, 304FAÇADE, of Nebuchadnezzar's Throne Room, 43 f.Faluja,14Family-life, in Babylonia,184ff.Fâra,85,300Farming, Babylonian,108f.Farnell, Dr. L. R.,314Feast, of New Year,190,254,259,296,302,308Fetish,294Fillets, in temple-decoration,63Fishes, constellation,310f.Fishing-rights,171Flocks, tribute of,168Fortification-walls,28,32f.; drainage of,46Foundation-deposits,63Foxes, with firebrands,307Frank, O.,176Frankincense,62Frazer, Sir J. G.,290,305,307Fries, Dr. Carl,308f.GABBARU-IBNI, in Sukhi,266Gagûm, Cloister of Sippar,154,207Gate-house, of palace,40Gate-sockets,63,246Gates, of Babylon,27Gaddash,seeGandashGandash, founder of Third Dynasty,216; in List,320Garrison-duty,192Garstang, Prof. John,230Gaugamela,287Gaumata, the Magian,285f.Gaza,282Genesis,159f.,305Geshtinna, goddess of the plough,176Gezer,126Gift, deeds of,129ff.Gilead,305Gilgamesh,212,308; legends of,290Gimil-ilishu, king of Nîsin,134; in List,318Girsu,152f.,155,159Glacial epoch,124Goat-fish, of Enki,297Gobryas, governor of Gutium,283;see alsoGubaruGolden Age, of Hesiod,302Golden Lamb, legend of,292f.,311Goliath,307Grain-drill, Babylonian,176Granary, at Babylon,158Greece, and Babylon,12,287,290,314;and Persia,286f.Greek mythology, Babylonian influence on,12,289,315Greek names, as privilege,287Greek theatre, at Babylon,287Grooves, stepped, in temple-decoration,63Gubaru, Babylonian general,281;governor of Gutuim,281,283f.Gudea, patesi of Lagash,6,298Gufa, prototype of,179f.Gula,297Gulkishar, king of Second Dynasty,112 f.,202,212; in List,320Gungunum, king of Larsa,89f.,135 f.; in List,318Gunkell, Prof. H.,300Gutium,139,218,283Gutschmid, A. von,115Gypsum-plaster, as decoration,43HADES,308Hagen, O. E.,283Hakluyt, Richard,15Halius,309Hall, H. P.,111,126,160,