219,235,277Halys,5,229,279Hammam, in Syria,127Hammurabi, king of First Dynasty,89f.,99ff.,103,128,130,153ff,156f.,290: character of,100f.;empire of,158f.; Babylon of,20,84ff.; palace of,86; Code of,154,158f.,161ff.,252; letters of,181,188ff.; date of,94,110f.; periodof,39,162ff.,315; in Lists,319f.Hammurabi-khegallum Canal,155Hammurabi-nukhush-nishi Canal,158Hammurabih, king of Khana,130Hananiah,14Handcock, P. S. P.,120Hanging Gardens, of Babylon,40ff.,279Harbour, of Babylon,30Harp, Sumerian,298Harran,270,282Harûn-ar-Rashîd,11Hastings, Dr. James,102Haverfield, Prof. F. J.,22Hebrew religion,12; traditions.159; law,299Hebrews, altars of,62: and Babylonian mythology,280Helios,307Hera,290Heracles,290Herds, tribute of,108Herdsmen, Babylonian,108f.Herodotus.4f.,15,21f.,24,20f.,38,61f.,72,76f.,81,85,167,177,179,270,279Hesiod,302Heuzey, Léon.298f.Hezekiah, king of Judah,270High places, Canaanite,126Hilla,14,23Hilprecht, Prof. II. V.,91f.,112,134,150,208,212,242Himyarite period,121Hincke, Prof. W. J.,246,250Hindîya Canal,16Hipparchus, of Nicæa,312Hire of land, system of,167Hit,174Hittite correspondence, character of,239f.;invasion,3,84,210;states,230; migration,128Hittite Empire, rise of,220;history of,229ff.; fall of,241;communications of,5; as barrier,314Hittites,3,128,234ff.,243;racial character of,226f.;civilization of,227f.;art of,228,233;inscriptions and records of,226ff.Hogarth, D. G.,4f.,120,128,276,278,282,314;Carchemish excavations of,127Homer,seeOdysseyHomera, mound of,29,31,35; in plan,23Horse, introduction of,122,198,215f.Horses, export of,224House-property, in Babylon,84Houses, Babylonian,184How, Walter W.,5,7,21Hrozný, F.,97f.,150Huber, E.,134Humped cattle,175,202Huntington, Ellsworth,121Hydra, constellation,292Hydraulic machine,48Hyksos, in Egypt,132f.IADI-khabum, antagonist of Samsu-iluna,204Iakhzir-ilum, of Kazallu,146Iakin, king of Sea-Country,263Ialman, Mt.,259Ia'mu-Dagan, in Khana,132Iashma(?)-Dagan,132Iawium, vassal-ruler of Kish,145Iazi-Dagan, of Khana,131Ibkushu, priest,94,101Icarus,290Idamaraz,198Idin-Dagan, king of Nîsin,132,134; in List,318Igi-kharsagga,155Igitlim, possibly a king of Khana,130Iluma-ila, vassal-ruler of Sippar,143Iluma-ilum, founder of SecondDynasty,104f.,199f.,205; in List,320Ilu-shûma, king of Assyria,136Image-worship, Babylonian,294ff.Imgur-Bêl, wall of Babylon,30ff.,51Immer, suggested reading of Adad's name,150Immerum, vassal-ruler of Sippar,143Incantations,194Incense,314India, and the Persian Gulf,7;village communities of,250India Office, Babylonian map issued by,16Indra, Aryan god,227Infant-sacrifice,127Inheritance, laws of,185Intercalary months,189f.Ionia, cities of,279'Irâk,9f.,11Iranian plateau,5Iranians, groups of,282Irnina Canal,171Irrigation, method of,176f.Irrigation-machines,172ff.Irsit-Bâbili, city-square of Babylon,28Isaiah,292Isharlim, king of Khana,129f.Ishbi-Ura, founder of Dynasty ofNîsin,132ff.; in List,318Ishhi-aswad, mound,84; in plan,23Ishkhara, goddess,297Ishkibal, king of Second Dynasty,202; in List,320Ishkun-Marduk, city,207Ishkur, suggested reading of Adad's name,150Ishme-Dagan, king of Nîsin,132,134f.; in List,318Ishtar, of Akkad (Agade),23,69f.,83f.,159; of Ashur,20,137; ofBabylon,80,149; of Bît-Karkara,159; of Erech,159; of Khallabu,159; of Kibalbarru,155; of Kish,143; of Nineveh,159,221f.; andTammuz,290; Descent of,304;lion of,55,58f.; representationof,266;see alsoE-annaIshtar Gate, at Babylon,33,51ff.,57; beasts on,50f.,54ff.; sectionof,53; restoration of,28; ground-planof,52; in plans,30,57Isin, Dynasty of,254ff.; originalform of name of,91,254;see alsoNîsinIslam,10,120Israel,12,290Itêr-pîsha, king of Nîsin,148; in List,318Itti-ili-nibi, king of Second Dynasty,208; in List,320Itti-Marduk-balâtu, Kassite chief minister,237Itti-Marduk-balâtu, the Aramean,256Iturmer, local god of Tirḳa,131JASTROW, Prof. Morris,101,312Jensen, Prof. P.,112,308Jerablus,127Jeremiah,277,280Jeremias, Dr. Alfred,292,304f.,307Jericho,126Jerusalem,277,280Jewish traditions,313f.Jews, captivity of,277; of Baghdad,14Johns, Canon C. H. W.,131,145,162,190,304Johns, Mrs. C. H. W.,18Johnson, C. W.,179Jones, Capt. J. Felix,17Jordan,306Joseph,305Josephus,278,280,307Joshua,305f.Josiah, king of Judah,270Judah,270,276f.Judges, Babylonian,188Jumjumma,23Jupiter Ammon,303Justi, Prof. Ferdinand,215Justice, administration of,188f.KADASHMAN-ENLIL I., king of Third Dynasty,220f.,241f.; in List,320Kadashman-Enlil II., king of Third Dynasty,236ff.,240,243; in List,320Kadashman-Kharbe I., king of Third Dynasty,241; in List,320Kadashman-Kharbe II., king of Third Dynasty,244; in List,320Kadashman-turgu, king of Third Dynasty,236f.; in List,320Kadesh, Battle of,227,235Kagmum,157Kandalanu, king of Babylon,273; in List,321;seeAshur-bani-palKâr-bêl-mâtâti,259Kâr-Irnina,171Kâr-Ishtar,243Kâr-Shamash,149; on Tigris,158;on Euphrates,207Kâr-Sippar,204Kara-indash I., king of Third Dynasty,221,241f.; in List,320Kara-indash II., king of Third Dynasty,243; in List,320Kara-Kuzal,127Karashtu, Babylonian general,255Karduniash,244Karnak,220,235Kashbaran,154Kashdakh, in Khana,130Kashshû-nadin-akhi, king of Fifth Dynasty,257; in List,321Kashtiliash I., king of Third Dynasty,217; in List,320Kashtiliash II., king of Third Dynasty,243f.; in List,320Ḳaṣr, mound,14,16f.,21ff.,24,27 f.,30ff.; buildings on,28ff.Kassites,3,130f.,197f.,214ff.;racial character of,214f.; introductionof horse by,215f.;Babylon of,29Kazallu,144ff.,149Keleks, early,178f.Kesh,155,159Khabilu, river,150Khabkha-tribe,207Khâbûr,129ff.,260Khabur-ibal-bugash Canal,130Khalambû tribe,140Khalium, vassal-ruler of Kish,145Khallabu,152,159Khalule,271Khana, kingdom of,129ff.,157,210f.,218Khanî,210;see alsoKhanaKhanirabbat,222Khatti, Hittite capital,229ff.; siteof,219; communications of,5;use of term,210;see alsoHittitesKhattusil I., Hittite king,230Khattusil II, Hittite king,236ff.,243Khinnatuni, in Canaan,225Khonsu, Egyptian Moon-god,222,238ff.Khorsabad,176Khumbanigash, king of Elam,209Khurpatila, king of Elam,243Khurshitu,212Khuṣṣi,254Kibalbarru,141,144,155Kidin-Khutrutash, king of Elam,244Kikia, early ruler of Ashur,139Kinunu, West-Semitic month,131Kiriath-arba,307Kirmanshah,5Kish,143f.,159,203f.Kisurra,85.155,199,212f.Knudtzon. Prof. J. A.,219.221f.224f.,230,243Kohler, Prof. J.,102Koldewey, Dr. Robert,17f.,23,25,30,32f.,35,46ff.,50,52f.,67f.,74,76f.,80,83Kudur-Enlil, king of Third Dynasty,243; in List,320Kudur-Mabuk, ruler of Western Elam,89,113,150ff,154,156,159;Addaof Amurru,152Kudur-Nankhundi, king of Elam,113Kudurrus, or boundary-stones,241,244,245ff.Kûfa,9f.,11Kugler, Dr. F. X.,106ff.,116,310ffKurigalzu I., king of Third Dynasty,241,243; in List,320Kurigalzu II., king of Third Dynasty,221,224,242; inList,320Kurigalzu III., king of Third Dynasty,243; in List,320Kussar, Hittite city,230Kutir-Nakhkhunte, Elamite prince,244,252Kweiresh,23LABASHI-MARDUK, king of Babylon,281; in List,321Labynetus,279; see Nebuchadnezzar II.Lachish,270Lagamal, goddess of Dilbat,142Lagash,147,152f.,155,159,212f.Land, sale of,195f.Land-tenure, system of,167,249ff.Landowners, Babylonian,167f.Langdon, S.,37,40,52,72,92,111,145,276,280,282,290Laodamas,309Lapis-lazuli, at time of First Dynasty,207;Kassite export of,224Larsa, Dynasty and kings of,89ff.,110,133f.,147f.,150ff.,158f.,198,200; Sun-temple at,135;tablets from,156Law, Babylonian,299; systematizationof,196; spread of,237f.Lawrence, T. E.,127Layard, Sir A. H.,17f.,106,295f.Le Strange, G.,10f.Lebanon,72,225; monolith from,203f.Legends,195Legislation,2;see alsoCode, LawLehmann-Haupt, Prof. C. F.,116Leo, constellation,310Libil-khegalla Canal,30,37Libit-Ishtar, king of Nîsin,134ff.; in List,318Libit-Ishtar, governor of Sippar,136Light-wells,28,44Lightning-fork, of Adad,297Lion, of Ishtar,55Lion Frieze, at Babylon,30,57ff.Lions, of the Sun-god,298f.; enamelled,44Lirish-gamium, daughter of Rîm-Sin,156Literature, Babylonian,2,194f.,299Liver-markings,297;see alsoDivination Lot,305Lugal-banda,211Lugal-diri-tugab,148Lukhaia, on Arakhtu Canal,205Lulubu,255Lunar observations,140Luxor,235Lydia,278f.,282f.MACALISTER, Prof. R. A. S.,125Madâin,9f.Magan,6Magic,240,299Magical formulæ,194Maitland, Gen. P. J.,121Makkedah,305Malgûm,154,157,159Manabaltel, king,212;Mananâ, vassal-king of Kish,144f.Manishtusu, Obelisk of,247,250Manufactories, royal,41Mâr-irṣitim, of Nippur,102Marad,153Marduk,146,