Accidents on railways:442-3Acworth, W. M.:425,426Aeroplanes:504-6Agricultural Organisation Society:355Agriculture:16,74,85,89,164,179,192,353,355,497,507Aikin, Dr.:49,91,142,169,185Ale, Burton:178Alldridge, T. J.:403Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants:446,447,512Amber:6-7,26Ambulance corps on railways:444Anderson, Dr James:229Andred-Weald, The:4,8Aqueducts on Canals:304Arkwright, Sir Richard:187,188Armstrong (Newcastle) University:427Ashley, W. J.:18,19Askwith, Sir George:452Assizes of ale, bread and cloth:19Associated Society of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen:447Association of Railway Companies' Signal Superintendents:429Association of Railway Locomotive Engineers:429Australia, Railways in:402Automobile Association and Motor Union:479,503Automobilism: See "Motor-vehicles."Badeslade, Thomas:119-20Bagmen:16Bailey, John:207,208Baines, Thomas:136,138,141,157,165,178,180,184,236Balfour of Burleigh, Lord:338Barber, H. C.:505-6Bartholomew Fair:27Bawtry: Classed as a seaport,111;port of consignment for Sheffield goods,123-4,148-9Beal, C. G.:448Beasley, A.:261n.,290n.Bedford, The Duke of:254Benevolent contributions, Railway companies':440-1Bequests for road repairs:12Birkenshaw, John:206Birmingham: Coach communication,54-5;trade conditions,90-1;cost of road transport to London,160;Birmingham Canal,184,236-7,298-9,301,302,307,495;London and Birmingham Rly.,249-52Bishopsgate Goods Station:392-4Board of Trade and Railways:259,268,269,271,275,277,279,282,338,353,356,440,443,446,448,450,492,509Boonen, Guylliam:37Bourn, Daniel:45-7,66Boyle, Courtenay, Sir:338Bradfield, J. E.:316,333-4Brereton, R. M.:317Bridge friars:12,13Bridges:11,13Bridgewater, Francis, Duke of:139,167-72,173,221,231,295Bridgnorth: Transit port on the Severn,115;route for pottery goods,159;Manchester goods,161Brindley, James:130,167-8,171,173,174,295Bristol: Early prosperity of,112;trade done by Bristol merchants,116;Lancashire goods exported viâ the Severn and Bristol,161Brome, The Rev. J.:74-5Bronze Age, The:6Brunlees, J.:206Buddle, John:200-1,404Burnett, John:448Burton-on-Trent:122Bute, The Marquis of:304Butterworth, A. Kaye:343Buxton, Mr.:452Cab, introduction of the:63;taxi-cabs,485-7Caledonian Railway:289,367,451Cambridge: Located on river,111;importance to of river transport,119,120,125Canada, Railways in:254,402Canals: Advocated,162,164;a transition from rivers,165;the pioneer British canal,166-7;opposition,170-1;effect of canals on trade and industries,175-8,180,192-4,295;engineering difficulties,171,174,179-80;passenger traffic,172,265;public prejudice,181-2;"canal mania,"183,185;value of shares,183,236-8;number of canal Acts,183;expenditure on canals,183,234;length of canals,183;canal companies adopt railways,212,220;excessive charges,231;attitude towards traders,231-3,243-4,296;opposition to independent railways,234-9,296;canal extortions inspire railway restrictions,258;Royal Commission on Canals and Waterways,294,295,304;construction on no general scheme,295;reduction of rates,296;neglect of improvements,296-7;canals acquired by railways,297-9,306;increased powers,299,300;amalgamation of canals,301;physical conditions,301-4;locks,302,303;railway competition,304;aqueducts,304-5;tunnels,305;colliery operations,306;canal and rail transport compared,307-9;canal resuscitation impracticable,309-11,495Aberdare C.:213Aire and Calder Nav.:141,143,147,307Ashby C.:219Barnsley C.:184,238Birmingham C.:184,236-7,298-9,301,302,307Charnwood Forest C.:220Coventry C.:183,237,302Dudley C.:301Ellesmere C.:184Erewash C.:183,237Fossdyke:121,154Glamorganshire C.:184,214-8,238-9,304Grand Junction C.:183,184Herefordshire and Gloucestershire C.:193Huddersfield C.:180Kennet and Avon C.:184Lancashire C.:219Leeds and Liverpool C.:179-80,237Leicester C.:183,238Loughborough C.:237,261Manchester, Bolton and Bury C.:184Mersey and Irwell Nav.:238Peak Forest C.:193-4Rochdale C.:180,183,193,303Sankey Brook C.:165-6Stratford-on-Avon C.:298Swansea C.:304Thames and Severn C.:184Trent and Mersey (Grand Trunk) C.:172-5,210,237,238,261,307Trent Nav.:183Cardwell's Committee:285Carriages, Private:37-8Castlereagh, Viscount:439Central London Rly.:492City and South London Rly.:492Chamberlayne, Dr:38Chaplin, William:325Chaplin, Mr:459Chapmen:17,21,24,91Charles I.: Proclamation concerning roads,43Charles II. and roads:33-4,132Cheap Trains Act, 1883:263n.Cheese industry:122,163,179Chester: Roman road to,8;fair,27;coaches,40,51,54;decay of port,137Church and roads:11-14;fairs,21Claughton, G. H.:448Clifford, Frederick:128,170,223,272,273,277,295,303,324Cloth-makers and transport:143-4,146-7Coaches and coaching: The "long waggon,"35-6,38,53,325;stage-coaches,38-42,51-3,325;"flying" coaches,53-5,327;mail-coaches,55-7,325;Thames watermen and coaches,58-63;hackney coaches,60-3;the "palmy" days of coaching,325;tolls paid by coaches,316;coach-owners join railways,326;speed accelerated,327;effect on horses,327-8;cost of coach-horses,328;accidents and discomforts,328;decline of coaching,329;taxation,329-34Coal industry:36,117,140,165,167,179,188,195-7Commercial Motor Users' Association:477,485Continental railway rates:357Copper industry:9Corporations, Rise of Municipal:19Cort, Henry:190Cotton industry:138,187-8County towns, Influence of transport conditions on:94-7Court of Pie Powder:22-3Cressett, John:39-42,51Crewe Mechanics' Institution:417Cromwell, Oliver:131,132Cumming, T. G.:213Cunningham, W.:23Curr, John:204Cutlery, Sheffield:124,142,148-9,191Cycles and Cycling,472-3,480Dalhousie, Lord:269,276Darby, Abraham:190Day, Frank B.:394n.Defoe, Daniel: On Sturbridge Fair,24-6;roads at Lewes,68;turnpikes,78,87-90;country towns,95-6,121,126;Bristol traders,116;port of Lynn,119;trade on the Trent,122;River Idle,123-4;River Wey,126;Devonshire serges,127;Yorkshire trade conditions,144,145-7;cheese industry,163Dehany, W. K.:28,49,81Denmark, Prince George of:67Denton, The Rev. W.:5,14,58De Salis, Rodolph:152Domesday Survey:4Dover, Early communication with:35n.,53Dublin Society, The:72Dugdale, Sir William:51Duncombe, Sir Sandars:60Easingwold Rly.:290-1Eastern Counties Rly.:253Eaton, J. Shirley:415,416Edgeworth, R. L.:72,229Edinburgh, Coaches to:36,37,51-2,56;cost of posting to,57Edington, Robert:197Education of railwaymen, The:413-27Elizabeth, Queen:37,57,196Enclosure Acts:192Engineer and Railway Staff Corps:401Evelyn, John:63Factory System:385Fairs:20-7,91,95Farrer, Sir Thomas:276Fay, Sam:506nFen-lands:5Festivals, Religious:21Findlay, Sir George:345,376Finger-posts:65n.Fish industry:89-90Flannels, Trade in:114-5Fowler, H. H. (Lord Wolverhampton):323Fowler, J. Kearsley:315,316France, Roads in:67,320Francis, John:210,222,251,252,255,256,272Franks, W. Temple:339Freeman, James E.:371Fulton, R.:181,211Galloway, Robert L.:196,198Garcke, Emile:458General Railway Workers' Union:447Gibb, Sir George:343Gladstone, W. E.:268,269,270,273,275-6,278,279,282,322Glasgow and South-Western Railway:436Glynn, G. C.:264,279Goschen, Mr:323Gordon, Alexander:474Gower, Earl:173Graham, Sir James:265Granet, Sir Guy:448Gray, Robert:332Gray, Thomas:207,221,229-230,328Great Central Rly.:289,367,423,451Great Eastern Rly.:253,277,287,288,289,367,392-4,401,418-20,437Great Eastern Rly. Mechanics' Institution:418-20Greater London, Beginnings of:97Great Northern Rly.:277,289,339,367,391-2Great Northern of Ireland Rly.:289Great North Road:32,65,75,123Great Southern and Western Rly.:289Great Western Rly.:252,254,273-4,277,288,289,297-8,326,366,421-2,427-8,451Great Western Rly. Literary Society:427-8Griffin, H. Hewitt:486Guilds, Craft:19Guilds, Merchant:18-19Gurney, Sir Goldsworthy:474-5Hackney carriages:59-63Hackworth, J. W.:227Hackworth, T.:227Hadley, Prof.:226n.,347Hall, Sir John:282Hamilton, Lord Claud:437,439Hardware trades:191Harper, C. G.:56,57
Accidents on railways:442-3
Acworth, W. M.:425,426
Aeroplanes:504-6
Agricultural Organisation Society:355
Agriculture:16,74,85,89,164,179,192,353,355,497,507
Aikin, Dr.:49,91,142,169,185
Ale, Burton:178
Alldridge, T. J.:403
Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants:446,447,512
Amber:6-7,26
Ambulance corps on railways:444
Anderson, Dr James:229
Andred-Weald, The:4,8
Aqueducts on Canals:304
Arkwright, Sir Richard:187,188
Armstrong (Newcastle) University:427
Ashley, W. J.:18,19
Askwith, Sir George:452
Assizes of ale, bread and cloth:19
Associated Society of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen:447
Association of Railway Companies' Signal Superintendents:429
Association of Railway Locomotive Engineers:429
Australia, Railways in:402
Automobile Association and Motor Union:479,503
Automobilism: See "Motor-vehicles."
Badeslade, Thomas:119-20
Bagmen:16
Bailey, John:207,208
Baines, Thomas:136,138,141,157,165,178,180,184,236
Balfour of Burleigh, Lord:338
Barber, H. C.:505-6
Bartholomew Fair:27
Bawtry: Classed as a seaport,111;
port of consignment for Sheffield goods,123-4,148-9
Beal, C. G.:448
Beasley, A.:261n.,290n.
Bedford, The Duke of:254
Benevolent contributions, Railway companies':440-1
Bequests for road repairs:12
Birkenshaw, John:206
Birmingham: Coach communication,54-5;
trade conditions,90-1;
cost of road transport to London,160;
Birmingham Canal,184,236-7,298-9,301,302,307,495;
London and Birmingham Rly.,249-52
Bishopsgate Goods Station:392-4
Board of Trade and Railways:259,268,269,271,275,277,279,282,338,353,356,440,443,446,448,450,492,509
Boonen, Guylliam:37
Bourn, Daniel:45-7,66
Boyle, Courtenay, Sir:338
Bradfield, J. E.:316,333-4
Brereton, R. M.:317
Bridge friars:12,13
Bridges:11,13
Bridgewater, Francis, Duke of:139,167-72,173,221,231,295
Bridgnorth: Transit port on the Severn,115;
route for pottery goods,159;
Manchester goods,161
Brindley, James:130,167-8,171,173,174,295
Bristol: Early prosperity of,112;
trade done by Bristol merchants,116;
Lancashire goods exported viâ the Severn and Bristol,161
Brome, The Rev. J.:74-5
Bronze Age, The:6
Brunlees, J.:206
Buddle, John:200-1,404
Burnett, John:448
Burton-on-Trent:122
Bute, The Marquis of:304
Butterworth, A. Kaye:343
Buxton, Mr.:452
Cab, introduction of the:63;
taxi-cabs,485-7
Caledonian Railway:289,367,451
Cambridge: Located on river,111;
importance to of river transport,119,120,125
Canada, Railways in:254,402
Canals: Advocated,162,164;
a transition from rivers,165;
the pioneer British canal,166-7;
opposition,170-1;
effect of canals on trade and industries,175-8,180,192-4,295;
engineering difficulties,171,174,179-80;
passenger traffic,172,265;
public prejudice,181-2;
"canal mania,"183,185;
value of shares,183,236-8;
number of canal Acts,183;
expenditure on canals,183,234;
length of canals,183;
canal companies adopt railways,212,220;
excessive charges,231;
attitude towards traders,231-3,243-4,296;
opposition to independent railways,234-9,296;
canal extortions inspire railway restrictions,258;
Royal Commission on Canals and Waterways,294,295,304;
construction on no general scheme,295;
reduction of rates,296;
neglect of improvements,296-7;
canals acquired by railways,297-9,306;
increased powers,299,300;
amalgamation of canals,301;
physical conditions,301-4;
locks,302,303;
railway competition,304;
aqueducts,304-5;
tunnels,305;
colliery operations,306;
canal and rail transport compared,307-9;
canal resuscitation impracticable,309-11,495
Aberdare C.:213
Aire and Calder Nav.:141,143,147,307
Ashby C.:219
Barnsley C.:184,238
Birmingham C.:184,236-7,298-9,301,302,307
Charnwood Forest C.:220
Coventry C.:183,237,302
Dudley C.:301
Ellesmere C.:184
Erewash C.:183,237
Fossdyke:121,154
Glamorganshire C.:184,214-8,238-9,304
Grand Junction C.:183,184
Herefordshire and Gloucestershire C.:193
Huddersfield C.:180
Kennet and Avon C.:184
Lancashire C.:219
Leeds and Liverpool C.:179-80,237
Leicester C.:183,238
Loughborough C.:237,261
Manchester, Bolton and Bury C.:184
Mersey and Irwell Nav.:238
Peak Forest C.:193-4
Rochdale C.:180,183,193,303
Sankey Brook C.:165-6
Stratford-on-Avon C.:298
Swansea C.:304
Thames and Severn C.:184
Trent and Mersey (Grand Trunk) C.:172-5,210,237,238,261,307
Trent Nav.:183
Cardwell's Committee:285
Carriages, Private:37-8
Castlereagh, Viscount:439
Central London Rly.:492
City and South London Rly.:492
Chamberlayne, Dr:38
Chaplin, William:325
Chaplin, Mr:459
Chapmen:17,21,24,91
Charles I.: Proclamation concerning roads,43
Charles II. and roads:33-4,132
Cheap Trains Act, 1883:263n.
Cheese industry:122,163,179
Chester: Roman road to,8;
fair,27;
coaches,40,51,54;
decay of port,137
Church and roads:11-14;
fairs,21
Claughton, G. H.:448
Clifford, Frederick:128,170,223,272,273,277,295,303,324
Cloth-makers and transport:143-4,146-7
Coaches and coaching: The "long waggon,"35-6,38,53,325;
stage-coaches,38-42,51-3,325;
"flying" coaches,53-5,327;
mail-coaches,55-7,325;
Thames watermen and coaches,58-63;
hackney coaches,60-3;
the "palmy" days of coaching,325;
tolls paid by coaches,316;
coach-owners join railways,326;
speed accelerated,327;
effect on horses,327-8;
cost of coach-horses,328;
accidents and discomforts,328;
decline of coaching,329;
taxation,329-34
Coal industry:36,117,140,165,167,179,188,195-7
Commercial Motor Users' Association:477,485
Continental railway rates:357
Copper industry:9
Corporations, Rise of Municipal:19
Cort, Henry:190
Cotton industry:138,187-8
County towns, Influence of transport conditions on:94-7
Court of Pie Powder:22-3
Cressett, John:39-42,51
Crewe Mechanics' Institution:417
Cromwell, Oliver:131,132
Cumming, T. G.:213
Cunningham, W.:23
Curr, John:204
Cutlery, Sheffield:124,142,148-9,191
Cycles and Cycling,472-3,480
Dalhousie, Lord:269,276
Darby, Abraham:190
Day, Frank B.:394n.
Defoe, Daniel: On Sturbridge Fair,24-6;
roads at Lewes,68;
turnpikes,78,87-90;
country towns,95-6,121,126;
Bristol traders,116;
port of Lynn,119;
trade on the Trent,122;
River Idle,123-4;
River Wey,126;
Devonshire serges,127;
Yorkshire trade conditions,144,145-7;
cheese industry,163
Dehany, W. K.:28,49,81
Denmark, Prince George of:67
Denton, The Rev. W.:5,14,58
De Salis, Rodolph:152
Domesday Survey:4
Dover, Early communication with:35n.,53
Dublin Society, The:72
Dugdale, Sir William:51
Duncombe, Sir Sandars:60
Easingwold Rly.:290-1
Eastern Counties Rly.:253
Eaton, J. Shirley:415,416
Edgeworth, R. L.:72,229
Edinburgh, Coaches to:36,37,51-2,56;
cost of posting to,57
Edington, Robert:197
Education of railwaymen, The:413-27
Elizabeth, Queen:37,57,196
Enclosure Acts:192
Engineer and Railway Staff Corps:401
Evelyn, John:63
Factory System:385
Fairs:20-7,91,95
Farrer, Sir Thomas:276
Fay, Sam:506n
Fen-lands:5
Festivals, Religious:21
Findlay, Sir George:345,376
Finger-posts:65n.
Fish industry:89-90
Flannels, Trade in:114-5
Fowler, H. H. (Lord Wolverhampton):323
Fowler, J. Kearsley:315,316
France, Roads in:67,320
Francis, John:210,222,251,252,255,256,272
Franks, W. Temple:339
Freeman, James E.:371
Fulton, R.:181,211
Galloway, Robert L.:196,198
Garcke, Emile:458
General Railway Workers' Union:447
Gibb, Sir George:343
Gladstone, W. E.:268,269,270,273,275-6,278,279,282,322
Glasgow and South-Western Railway:436
Glynn, G. C.:264,279
Goschen, Mr:323
Gordon, Alexander:474
Gower, Earl:173
Graham, Sir James:265
Granet, Sir Guy:448
Gray, Robert:332
Gray, Thomas:207,221,229-230,328
Great Central Rly.:289,367,423,451
Great Eastern Rly.:253,277,287,288,289,367,392-4,401,418-20,437
Great Eastern Rly. Mechanics' Institution:418-20
Greater London, Beginnings of:97
Great Northern Rly.:277,289,339,367,391-2
Great Northern of Ireland Rly.:289
Great North Road:32,65,75,123
Great Southern and Western Rly.:289
Great Western Rly.:252,254,273-4,277,288,289,297-8,326,366,421-2,427-8,451
Great Western Rly. Literary Society:427-8
Griffin, H. Hewitt:486
Guilds, Craft:19
Guilds, Merchant:18-19
Gurney, Sir Goldsworthy:474-5
Hackney carriages:59-63
Hackworth, J. W.:227
Hackworth, T.:227
Hadley, Prof.:226n.,347
Hall, Sir John:282
Hamilton, Lord Claud:437,439
Hardware trades:191
Harper, C. G.:56,57