Harrel, Sir David:448Harrison, William:114Hawkshaw, Sir John:396Henderson, M.P., Arthur:448Hereford, Ross and Gloucester Rly.:131Herepath, John:262-3,275,278Hermits and road repairs:13Highwaymen:95Historical Manuscripts Commission Reports:12,13n.Holinshed:31Homer, Henry:73Hops:25Horne, Benjamin:325,327Horseback, travelling on:16,36Horses: Number used for long waggons,35,37;restrictions in regard to,43-5;horses used for coaches,325;mortality on roads,327-8Horwich Mechanics' Institute:420-1Hours of labour, Railwaymen's:441-2Howells, Clarence S.:306Hull, Trade of:122,123,147Humpherus, Henry:37,63Hunter, The Rev. J.:123,124,148,149Hutchinson, William:198,199Hutton, William:54,90,176Hyde, W. H.:401Inglis, Sir James C.:421Insurance Bill, National:375Ireland: Control of roads,319;cheap conveyances,333Iron industry:4,7,9,26,117,134,161-2,178,188-91Jacob, Giles:21-3James I.:196James, William:234Jeans, J. S.:226,227,306,308Jersey, Lord:353Jessop, William:49,122,206Jusserand, J. J.:11,12,13Kellawe, Richard de:11Kendal as a packhorse station:36Kinderley, Nathaniel:119,154Knoop, Douglas:427Lancashire and Yorkshire Rly.:289,367,420-1,423,426-7Land-beacons:65Lead industry:6,9,26Leeds cloth market:145-7Lees, Sir Edward:333Lefevre, Shaw:456n.Leicester and Swannington Rly.:242-4Leigh, Charles:36Levy, Lewis:318Light railways:457,463,507Linen industry:115,134,138Litters, Use of:16Liverpool: Early waggons and coaches,36,54,56;isolation,135-7;improvement of Mersey,137;river communication with Manchester,139;effect on Liverpool trade of navigation facilities on the Weaver and the Douglas,139-41;Sankey Brook Canal,165-6;Bridgewater Canals,167-72;Leeds and Liverpool Canal,179;Liverpool and Manchester Rly.,230-41,494Loads, Restrictions on:43-5Locks on canals:302-4London and Birmingham Rly.:249-52,254,256,326,417London and North-Western Rly.:252,276,285,289,298-9,339,366,367,370,376-84,391,417-8,422-3,432,438,440,451,507London and South-Western Rly.:254,256,289,326,353,367,440London, Brighton and South Coast Rly.:254,256,275,289,367London Electric Railway Coy.:492,493,507London General Omnibus Coy.:485London Railways Athletic Association:431London School of Economics:425-6,506nLondon, Tilbury and Southend Rly.:496n.London traffic problem:490-3,497,499,507London Traffic, Royal Commission on:462,493London United Tramways:492Long service on railways:445Lord Mayor's coach, The:58Lowther,M.P., J. W.:459n.Lynn, Early importance of:24,26,119-20Macaulay, Lord:94,95Mackay, Dr Charles:93Mackworth, Sir Humphry:202Macpherson, David:29,30,32,42,72Manby, Charles:401Manchester: Coaches,53-4;early trading conditions,91;goods despatched viâ Bewdley and Bridgnorth,161,172;Mersey and Irwell Navigation,138-9,168-9,171;Worsley-Manchester Canal,168,171;cost of transport,169;privations due to defective transport,170;Liverpool and Manchester Railway,230-40Manorial courts:19Manor, Lord of, and transport:18Markets:20Marriott, H.:350,427Mathew, Francis:131-3,158McAdam, J. L.:50,99,101-7,192,318,325,480McAdam, Sir James:314,318Metcalf, John:99-100Midland Rly.:244,277,289,366,367,376,420,427,432,451Midland Railway Institute:420Monasteries:11,12,14,15Montagu of Beaulieu, Lord:503Moon, Sir Richard:339Morrison, James:260-1,265,271,509Moryson, Fynes:38,57Motor-vehicles: Competition of motor-omnibuses with electric tramways,466-7,497-8,with horse-omnibuses,485-7,with railways,496,498-503;comparison of motor-omnibus and railless electric traction,467-8;early days of steam-coaches,473-4;traction engines,475;hostile legislation,475-6;the Magna Charta of automobilism,476;Motor-Car Act of 1903,477;Heavy Motor-Car Order of 1904,477-8;pleasure cars in use,478;Royal Automobile Club,478-9;Automobile Association and Motor Union,479;road improvements,480-2;commercial motors,482-5;motor-cabs,485-7;motor industry,487-90;imports and exports,489-90;motors and railway strikes,503Municipal Tramways Association:469Nails, Cart-wheel:44,49-50Nash, T.:114Newcastle-on-Tyne: Coaches,53;salt trade,140Nicholson, J. Shield:2"Nimrod":107North British Rly.:289,367North-Eastern Rly.:287,289,290,367,371,424-5North Staffordshire Rly.:210-11,307Nottingham, Early importance of:121,122,137Oakley, Sir Henry:339,340,341Ogilby, John:33-4Omnibuses: Introduction of,63;motor-omnibuses: competition with tramways,466-7,497-8,with railways,496,499,501-3;succeed horse-omnibuses,485-7Outram, Benjamin:204Overton, George:225,240Owner's risk rates on railways:351-2Oxford: Coaches to,53;University and river transport,125Packhorse, Transport by:15,16,32,36,90,91,127,138,139,140,146,161Paley, W. P.:224n.Palmer, John:55Parnell, Sir Henry:326Passengers: In packhorse panniers,16;by long waggon,38,42;stage-coach,38-42;canals,172,265;rail,498-9Patten, Thomas:138Paving, Early Britons and:6Pearson, Charles:5,8,108,111Pedlars:17,21,93Peel, Sir Frederick:353Peel, Sir Robert:259,262,263,271,281Pension funds, Railway:438Permanent Way Institution:428Perry, G.:117Philippe, William:13Phillipps, W. D.:210-11Phillips, J.:183,184,193,214Pilgrims:16Plymley, Joseph:44,114,117,152,153,164,220,312Polyhistor, T. S.:202Porter, G. R.:74,106,255-6,266-7Porter, Robert P.:458,464n.Posting:57Post Office and Railways:264-5Potter, F.:351-2,428Pottery industry:159-61,175,176,307Powell, E. T.:402Preferential railway rates:352Priestley, Joseph:120Private Owners of Railway Rolling Stock, Association of:361n.Prussian State Railways:255,291,292,357,359,365Public Service Commission of New York City:493Railless electric traction:467-70,507Railway agreements and amalgamations:278,283-91,433,508-11Railway and Canal Commission:278n.,355,508Railway Benevolent Institution:439Railway Classification:337-40,345-6Railway Clearing House:284,337,338,359Railway Club, The:430Railway directors, Functions of:378Railway electrification:492,494-5,507Railway Guards' Universal Friendly Society:438Railway mania, 1845-6:271-5Railway nationalisation:279-81,511-2Railway rates: Early proposals for revision,260-1,279-80;canals and railway rates,310;basis on which early rates fixed,335-7;early classification,337-40;revision of rates by Board of Trade commissioners,338-40;Confirmation Acts of 1891-2,340-1;Act of 1894,342;restrictions on companies,342-3;equal mileage rates,344;"cost of service,"344-5;"what the traffic will bear,"345,347;present classification,345-6;sea competition,347-8;"anomalies,"348;sliding scale principle,349;American railway rates,349-50,357;exceptional rates,350-1;owner's risk rates,351-2;preferential rates,353-4;agricultural interests,353-4,355;machinery for dealing with traders' grievances,355-6;comparisons with Continental rates,357-8;Government promise of legislation in respect to increases,448,511;survival of fittest,494-5;competition of omnibuses and electric tramways,496;effect on suburban traffic,496-7;competition of private motors,498;passenger journeys,498-9;suburban goods transport,499-500;roadv.rail,501-3;railway system complete,506;needs of to-day,507;railway agreements,508-9;Departmental Committee,509-10;railway nationalisation,511-12Railway Savings Banks:432Railway shareholders:263-4,377Railway Signalling, Schools of:421-3Railway strikes:447,450,503,512Railway system: Length of line,359;single track,359;length of track,360;rolling stock,360;traffic statistics,361;railway capital,361;gross receipts and expenditure,361;dividends,362-3;share-holders and their holdings,363-4;taxation,364-75Railway Temperance Unions:432Railway warehouses:390-4Railways: Rise of the coal trade,195-7;wooden rails adopted at collieries,198-200;introduction of cast-iron wheels,201;double rails,203;iron "plates,"203;cast-iron rails,203;flanged rails,205;edge rails,206;wrought-iron rails,206;significance of expression "iron" railway,207;inclined planes and gravity,208;stationary engines,208;length and character of colliery lines,209;railways adopted by canal companies,210-13;position in South Wales,213-4;canal interests overcome the first proposed competing railway,214-9;railways supplement canals,219-21;their superiority recognised,220-1;railways before 1825,222;Surrey Iron Rail-way,223-5;Stockton and Darlington,225-8;advocates of general railways,229-30;Liverpool and Manchester Railway,230-40;opposition of canal companies,234-8;Leicester and Swannington Railway,242-4;hostility to railways,245-9;London and Birmingham Railway,249-52;landowners and railways,250-1,252-5;cost of Parliamentary proceedings,255-7;canal precedents inspire State policy,258;competition between carriers,359-60;Morrison's proposal,260-1;Duke of Wellington's motion,262-3;early taxation,263-4;attitude of Post Office,264-5;competition between companies,265;lack of national policy,266-8;proposals by Mr Gladstone's Committee,269;special department of Board of Trade created,269;set aside,270;"railway mania" of 1845-6,271-5;Private Bill Committees and the special department,276;Board of Railway Commissioners,277;Committee of 1844,279-81;
Harrel, Sir David:448
Harrison, William:114
Hawkshaw, Sir John:396
Henderson, M.P., Arthur:448
Hereford, Ross and Gloucester Rly.:131
Herepath, John:262-3,275,278
Hermits and road repairs:13
Highwaymen:95
Historical Manuscripts Commission Reports:12,13n.
Holinshed:31
Homer, Henry:73
Hops:25
Horne, Benjamin:325,327
Horseback, travelling on:16,36
Horses: Number used for long waggons,35,37;
restrictions in regard to,43-5;
horses used for coaches,325;
mortality on roads,327-8
Horwich Mechanics' Institute:420-1
Hours of labour, Railwaymen's:441-2
Howells, Clarence S.:306
Hull, Trade of:122,123,147
Humpherus, Henry:37,63
Hunter, The Rev. J.:123,124,148,149
Hutchinson, William:198,199
Hutton, William:54,90,176
Hyde, W. H.:401
Inglis, Sir James C.:421
Insurance Bill, National:375
Ireland: Control of roads,319;
cheap conveyances,333
Iron industry:4,7,9,26,117,134,161-2,178,188-91
Jacob, Giles:21-3
James I.:196
James, William:234
Jeans, J. S.:226,227,306,308
Jersey, Lord:353
Jessop, William:49,122,206
Jusserand, J. J.:11,12,13
Kellawe, Richard de:11
Kendal as a packhorse station:36
Kinderley, Nathaniel:119,154
Knoop, Douglas:427
Lancashire and Yorkshire Rly.:289,367,420-1,423,426-7
Land-beacons:65
Lead industry:6,9,26
Leeds cloth market:145-7
Lees, Sir Edward:333
Lefevre, Shaw:456n.
Leicester and Swannington Rly.:242-4
Leigh, Charles:36
Levy, Lewis:318
Light railways:457,463,507
Linen industry:115,134,138
Litters, Use of:16
Liverpool: Early waggons and coaches,36,54,56;
isolation,135-7;
improvement of Mersey,137;
river communication with Manchester,139;
effect on Liverpool trade of navigation facilities on the Weaver and the Douglas,139-41;
Sankey Brook Canal,165-6;
Bridgewater Canals,167-72;
Leeds and Liverpool Canal,179;
Liverpool and Manchester Rly.,230-41,494
Loads, Restrictions on:43-5
Locks on canals:302-4
London and Birmingham Rly.:249-52,254,256,326,417
London and North-Western Rly.:252,276,285,289,298-9,339,366,367,370,376-84,391,417-8,422-3,432,438,440,451,507
London and South-Western Rly.:254,256,289,326,353,367,440
London, Brighton and South Coast Rly.:254,256,275,289,367
London Electric Railway Coy.:492,493,507
London General Omnibus Coy.:485
London Railways Athletic Association:431
London School of Economics:425-6,506n
London, Tilbury and Southend Rly.:496n.
London traffic problem:490-3,497,499,507
London Traffic, Royal Commission on:462,493
London United Tramways:492
Long service on railways:445
Lord Mayor's coach, The:58
Lowther,M.P., J. W.:459n.
Lynn, Early importance of:24,26,119-20
Macaulay, Lord:94,95
Mackay, Dr Charles:93
Mackworth, Sir Humphry:202
Macpherson, David:29,30,32,42,72
Manby, Charles:401
Manchester: Coaches,53-4;
early trading conditions,91;
goods despatched viâ Bewdley and Bridgnorth,161,172;
Mersey and Irwell Navigation,138-9,168-9,171;
Worsley-Manchester Canal,168,171;
cost of transport,169;
privations due to defective transport,170;
Liverpool and Manchester Railway,230-40
Manorial courts:19
Manor, Lord of, and transport:18
Markets:20
Marriott, H.:350,427
Mathew, Francis:131-3,158
McAdam, J. L.:50,99,101-7,192,318,325,480
McAdam, Sir James:314,318
Metcalf, John:99-100
Midland Rly.:244,277,289,366,367,376,420,427,432,451
Midland Railway Institute:420
Monasteries:11,12,14,15
Montagu of Beaulieu, Lord:503
Moon, Sir Richard:339
Morrison, James:260-1,265,271,509
Moryson, Fynes:38,57
Motor-vehicles: Competition of motor-omnibuses with electric tramways,466-7,497-8,
with horse-omnibuses,485-7,
with railways,496,498-503;
comparison of motor-omnibus and railless electric traction,467-8;
early days of steam-coaches,473-4;
traction engines,475;
hostile legislation,475-6;
the Magna Charta of automobilism,476;
Motor-Car Act of 1903,477;
Heavy Motor-Car Order of 1904,477-8;
pleasure cars in use,478;
Royal Automobile Club,478-9;
Automobile Association and Motor Union,479;
road improvements,480-2;
commercial motors,482-5;
motor-cabs,485-7;
motor industry,487-90;
imports and exports,489-90;
motors and railway strikes,503
Municipal Tramways Association:469
Nails, Cart-wheel:44,49-50
Nash, T.:114
Newcastle-on-Tyne: Coaches,53;
salt trade,140
Nicholson, J. Shield:2
"Nimrod":107
North British Rly.:289,367
North-Eastern Rly.:287,289,290,367,371,424-5
North Staffordshire Rly.:210-11,307
Nottingham, Early importance of:121,122,137
Oakley, Sir Henry:339,340,341
Ogilby, John:33-4
Omnibuses: Introduction of,63;
motor-omnibuses: competition with tramways,466-7,497-8,
with railways,496,499,501-3;
succeed horse-omnibuses,485-7
Outram, Benjamin:204
Overton, George:225,240
Owner's risk rates on railways:351-2
Oxford: Coaches to,53;
University and river transport,125
Packhorse, Transport by:15,16,32,36,90,91,127,138,139,140,146,161
Paley, W. P.:224n.
Palmer, John:55
Parnell, Sir Henry:326
Passengers: In packhorse panniers,16;
by long waggon,38,42;
stage-coach,38-42;
canals,172,265;
rail,498-9
Patten, Thomas:138
Paving, Early Britons and:6
Pearson, Charles:5,8,108,111
Pedlars:17,21,93
Peel, Sir Frederick:353
Peel, Sir Robert:259,262,263,271,281
Pension funds, Railway:438
Permanent Way Institution:428
Perry, G.:117
Philippe, William:13
Phillipps, W. D.:210-11
Phillips, J.:183,184,193,214
Pilgrims:16
Plymley, Joseph:44,114,117,152,153,164,220,312
Polyhistor, T. S.:202
Porter, G. R.:74,106,255-6,266-7
Porter, Robert P.:458,464n.
Posting:57
Post Office and Railways:264-5
Potter, F.:351-2,428
Pottery industry:159-61,175,176,307
Powell, E. T.:402
Preferential railway rates:352
Priestley, Joseph:120
Private Owners of Railway Rolling Stock, Association of:361n.
Prussian State Railways:255,291,292,357,359,365
Public Service Commission of New York City:493
Railless electric traction:467-70,507
Railway agreements and amalgamations:278,283-91,433,508-11
Railway and Canal Commission:278n.,355,508
Railway Benevolent Institution:439
Railway Classification:337-40,345-6
Railway Clearing House:284,337,338,359
Railway Club, The:430
Railway directors, Functions of:378
Railway electrification:492,494-5,507
Railway Guards' Universal Friendly Society:438
Railway mania, 1845-6:271-5
Railway nationalisation:279-81,511-2
Railway rates: Early proposals for revision,260-1,279-80;
canals and railway rates,310;
basis on which early rates fixed,335-7;
early classification,337-40;
revision of rates by Board of Trade commissioners,338-40;
Confirmation Acts of 1891-2,340-1;
Act of 1894,342;
restrictions on companies,342-3;
equal mileage rates,344;
"cost of service,"344-5;
"what the traffic will bear,"345,347;
present classification,345-6;
sea competition,347-8;
"anomalies,"348;
sliding scale principle,349;
American railway rates,349-50,357;
exceptional rates,350-1;
owner's risk rates,351-2;
preferential rates,353-4;
agricultural interests,353-4,355;
machinery for dealing with traders' grievances,355-6;
comparisons with Continental rates,357-8;
Government promise of legislation in respect to increases,448,511;
survival of fittest,494-5;
competition of omnibuses and electric tramways,496;
effect on suburban traffic,496-7;
competition of private motors,498;
passenger journeys,498-9;
suburban goods transport,499-500;
roadv.rail,501-3;
railway system complete,506;
needs of to-day,507;
railway agreements,508-9;
Departmental Committee,509-10;
railway nationalisation,511-12
Railway Savings Banks:432
Railway shareholders:263-4,377
Railway Signalling, Schools of:421-3
Railway strikes:447,450,503,512
Railway system: Length of line,359;
single track,359;
length of track,360;
rolling stock,360;
traffic statistics,361;
railway capital,361;
gross receipts and expenditure,361;
dividends,362-3;
share-holders and their holdings,363-4;
taxation,364-75
Railway Temperance Unions:432
Railway warehouses:390-4
Railways: Rise of the coal trade,195-7;
wooden rails adopted at collieries,198-200;
introduction of cast-iron wheels,201;
double rails,203;
iron "plates,"203;
cast-iron rails,203;
flanged rails,205;
edge rails,206;
wrought-iron rails,206;
significance of expression "iron" railway,207;
inclined planes and gravity,208;
stationary engines,208;
length and character of colliery lines,209;
railways adopted by canal companies,210-13;
position in South Wales,213-4;
canal interests overcome the first proposed competing railway,214-9;
railways supplement canals,219-21;
their superiority recognised,220-1;
railways before 1825,222;
Surrey Iron Rail-way,223-5;
Stockton and Darlington,225-8;
advocates of general railways,229-30;
Liverpool and Manchester Railway,230-40;
opposition of canal companies,234-8;
Leicester and Swannington Railway,242-4;
hostility to railways,245-9;
London and Birmingham Railway,249-52;
landowners and railways,250-1,252-5;
cost of Parliamentary proceedings,255-7;
canal precedents inspire State policy,258;
competition between carriers,359-60;
Morrison's proposal,260-1;
Duke of Wellington's motion,262-3;
early taxation,263-4;
attitude of Post Office,264-5;
competition between companies,265;
lack of national policy,266-8;
proposals by Mr Gladstone's Committee,269;
special department of Board of Trade created,269;
set aside,270;
"railway mania" of 1845-6,271-5;
Private Bill Committees and the special department,276;
Board of Railway Commissioners,277;
Committee of 1844,279-81;