(SeeCertificate and record.)—— rituals: character of, after Reformation, i, 375.(SeeRituals.)—— superstitions and popular errors regarding, i, 441 n. 3.—— tax, i, 435-37.—— by capture, so called, i, 55, 56, 57, 156-79;existing with purchase, 179-84.—— by exchange, i, 185, 186.—— by purchase, i, 55, 56, 57, 58;McLenan's theory, 85;history of, 179-201;surviving with free contract, 210-23;by gifts, 218, 219.—— by service, i, 186-89.(SeeFamily, Divorce.)Married Women's Property Act, English, ii, 116.Marsh, Mrs. Job: last bride stolen in Hadley, ii, 141.Marshall, Stephen, i, 417.Marshall, W. E.: on the Todas, i, 81-83.Martene, E.: hisDe ritibuscited, i, 287, 293, 295 n. 5, 297 n. 1, 300 and n. 2, 301 n. 2, 307 and n. 1, 308.Martial: on divorce, ii, 18, note.Martins, C. F. Ph. v.: on marriage by service in Brazil, i, 186.Maryland, the colony: slave baptisms in, ii, 221;optional civil marriage and rise of obligatory religious marriage, 239-47;separate alimony, not divorce, granted, 371-74;question of common-law marriage, iii,172.—— the state: celebration of marriage in, ii, 414, 415;witnesses, 423;marriage of freedmen, 426;age of parental consent, 429, 430;forbidden degrees, 433-35;void or voidable marriages, 435 n. 3, 436, 437;miscegenation forbidden, 439;has dual system of banns or license, 444;license, by whom issued, 447;certificate to married pair, 450;return, 449;Quakers keep records of their marriages, 451;legislative divorce, iii,31-35;judicial divorce,55-57;remarriage,80;residence,86;process,89;rejects common-law marriage,180;age of consent to carnal knowledge,199.Maskell, W.: hisMonumentacited, 1, 284 n. 1, 297 n. 1, 288, 301 n. 2, 304, notes, 305 n. 2, 307, notes, 311 n. 4, 312 n. 1.Mason, O. T.: quoted, i, 250.Masson, D.: on Quaker marriages, ii, 316.Massachusetts, the colony and province: county courts of, had equity jurisdiction, ii, 125 n. 1;influence of theocracy in, 125;first law regarding marriage celebration, 133;commissioners to join in marriage, 133, 134, notes;rise of religious marriage, 138 and n. 4, 195;treatment of single persons, 154-57;of married persons living apart, 158-61;laws governing courtship, 164, 165;these laws executed by the courts, 165, 166;scarlet letter for adultery, 174-76;for incest, 177, 178;pre-contract, 179;espoused wife may be punished for adultery, 180;bundling, 183, 184;cases of fornication before marriage, 186 n. 3;breach of promise suits, 200-203;clandestine marriages, 210, 211;forbidden degrees, 212-15;slave marriages, 216-26;divorce during first charter, 330-39;during second charter, 339-48;question of common-law marriage, iii,173.—— the state: solemnization of marriage in, ii, 389, 390;unauthorized celebration, 395;age of parental consent to marriage, 396, 397;law forbidding miscegenation repealed, 399;survival of optional system of banns or posting, 402;certificate and record, 403, 404;return, 405, 406;collection and record of statistics, 406, 407;jurisdiction, kinds, and causes of divorce, iii,4-10;remarriage,18;Putnam v. Putnam,19,20;residence,22,23;notice,27;alimony,29,30;rejects common-law marriage,178,179;age of consent to carnal knowledge,198;what justices may solemnize marriages, ii, 390;iii,190;divorce rate,209,212n. 1;marriage rate,215.Maternal system of kinship: Westermarck on, i, 18;later than paternal, according to Starcke, 18;rejected for Indo-Germanic peoples by recent writers, 19, 20: Dargun on, 20-23;whether among Bomans, 32 n. 1;Bachofen's view, 40, 41;as evidence of promiscuity, 48;Morgan's theory, 66;McLennan's theory, 77-79;the problem of, 107-17.Mather, Cotton: cited, ii, 170, 179 n. 2.Mather, Increase: on Vanderbosk, ii, 137 n. 3;against marriage with sister-in-law, 213.Matriarchate: works on, i, 37, 38;distinguished from mother-right, 44-46;Hellwald on, 60;Grosse on, 60, 61.Matthew, St.: on divorce, ii, 19, 20, 21, 24.Maule, Justice: on injustice of the system of parliamentary divorce, ii, 108, 109.Mayas: marriage by service among, i, 186.Mayfair: clandestine marriages in, i, 443.Megapolensis, Dominie, ii, 291 n. 4, 378.Meisterv.Moore, iii,178.Mejer, O.: cited, ii, 65, notes, 171 n. 3.Melanchthon, Philip: his liberal views on divorce, ii, 65;favors death or exile for adultery, 66 and n. 5;inclines to concubinage rather than allow full divorce, 71.Melanesians: wife-capture among, i, 159;free betrothal, 214.Mentzer, B.: on divorce, ii, 68.Mercatio: bride-price among West Goths, i, 265 n. 1.Metellus; the Macedonian: sentiment of, regarding marriage, ii, 17.Metrocracy, i, 44 n. 1.Meurer, C.: on divorce jurisdiction, ii, 71 n. 1.Mexico, ancient: only the rich in, had plurality of wives, i, 146 n. 1.Meyrick, F.: on benediction, i, 293 n. 3, 295 n. 5, 296 n. 1, 294 n. 3;marriage in church, 295 n. 6;on sentiment of early theologians regarding marriage, 328, 329;on forbidden degrees, 352, 353.Michaelis, J. D.: on Hebrew parental authority, i, 17 n. 5.Michigan: marriage celebration in, ii, 461, 462;witnesses, 465;unauthorized solemnization, 468;definition, 471;age of consent to marriage, 472;forbidden degrees, 473-75;void and voidable marriages, 475-78;allows miscegenation, 479;marriages of persons tainted by certain diseases restrained, 479;license, 487, 488;return, 489 and n. 3, 491;marriage certificate and celebrant's record, 492;state registration, 494;legislative divorce, iii,96;judicial divorce,120-22;remarriage,147,148;residence,154,155;intervention of prosecuting attorney in divorce suits,159;divorce statistics,160;common-law marriage,177;age of consent to carnal knowledge,202;divorce rate,210,211.Micronesians: punishment of adultery among, i, 106 n. 4;free courtship, 214.Middlesex county, Mass.: cases of pre-nuptial incontinence, with confessions and penalties, ii, 189, 190, 193, 194.Mielziner, M.: on Jewish marriage law, ii, 152 n. 2, 199 and n. 5;the Jewish "Get," ii, 13 n. 4.Migration for divorce, iii,205,206.Milfordv.Worcester, iii,178,179.Mill, J. S.: on marriage rate, iii,213,214;cited on individualism,225n. 1;on woman's callings,241;effects of her subjection,245n. 2.Mill, Mrs. J. S.: cited, iii,239, note,245,247n. 2.Millenary Petition, i, 398, 414 n. 3, 415.Milton, John: on Bucer, i, 411 n. 2;the corruption of the ecclesiastical courts, 414 n. 1;civil marriage, 433, 434;porneia, ii, 20 n. 1;characterizes Gratian and Peter Lombard, 52 n. 1;rejects divorcea mensa, 61 n. 2;use of allegorical method, 61 n. 3;analysis of his views on divorce, 85-92;his conception of wedlock realized in New England colonies, 127;divorce by mutual consent, iii,251.Minahassers of Celebes: free courtship among, i, 215.Minnesota: marriage celebration in, ii, 462, 463, 465;witnesses, 265;unauthorized solemnization, 468;definition, 471;age of consent and of parental consent to marriage, 472, 473;forbidden degrees, 473-75;void or voidable marriages, 475-78;marriage of epileptic and imbecile restrained, 480;license, 486, 487;return, 489 and n. 3, 491;marriage certificate, 492;state registration, 495;legislative divorce, iii,97;judicial divorce,124,125;remarriage,148;residence,155;soliciting divorce business forbidden,160;common-law marriage,177;age of consent to carnal knowledge,201.Ministers as celebrants of marriage: defects in the present laws regarding, iii,186-89.Miscegenation: forbidden in Maine and formerly in Rhode Island and Massachusetts, ii, 398, 399;in the southern and southwestern states, 438-40;middle and western states, 478, 479;law of Massachusetts colony on, 218;of Maryland colony, 244;North Carolina colony, 253.Mishnah: on divorce, ii, 13 n. 4, 14.Mississippi: marriage celebration in, ii, 417, 418;requisites for a legal marriage, 424;license essential to valid marriage, 425;marriage a civil contract, 427;age of parental consent, 429;forbidden degrees, 433, 434;void or voidable marriages, 435 n. 3, 436, 437;miscegenation forbidden, 438, 440;license system, 447;license bond, 448;return 449, 450;legislative divorce, iii,38,39;judicial divorce,64-66;remarriage,83;residence,85,86;process,89;rejects common-law marriage,180,181age of consent to carnal knowledge,200.Missouri: marriage celebration in, ii, 417, 418;a civil contract, 427;age of parental consent, 429, 430;forbidden degrees, 433;void or voidable marriages, 435, 437;miscegenation forbidden, 438, 440;original triple system of banns, notice, or license, 443;present system, 447;certificate to married pair, 450;return, 449, 450;celebrant's record, 451;legislative divorce, iii,38;judicial divorce,66-68;remarriage,82;residence,87;process,89;guilty wife forfeits dower,944,95;common-law marriage,176;age of consent to carnal knowledge,198.Mohammedans.(SeeIslam, Arabs.)Möllendorff, P. J. v.: on divorce in China, i, 236 and n. 1.Moloch, the Carthaginian, i, 51.Monogamic family: according to Morgan, i, 70;among animals, 96, 97;always the typical form, 150, 222, 223; iii,224.Monogamy: hetairistic, i, 56-58;among lower animals, 96, 97;the rule among Veddahs and American aborigines, 142, 143 and n. 1;among Mohammedans, 142;monogamy the typical form of sexual life, 150;iii,224,225.Montana: marriage celebration in, ii, 464;witnesses, 465;marriage by declaration, 467;unauthorized solemnization, 468;requisites for legal marriage, 469;definition 471;age of consent and of parental consent to marriage, 472, 473;forbidden degrees, 473-75;void and voidable marriages, 475-78;license, 487, 488;return, 489 and n. 3, 491;marriage certificate, 492;legislative divorce, iii,98;judicial divorce,138,139;remarriage,149;residence,156;notice,158;soliciting divorce business forbidden,160;courts silent as to common-law marriage,182;age of consent to carnal knowledge,202.Moore, G. H.: on slavery in Massachusetts, ii, 217, 221, 222, 223, 224-26.Morgan, H. D.: onporneia, ii, 20 n. 1.Morgan, Lewis H.: his works, i, 34, 65 n. 4;works on, 36, 76 n. 3;his constructive theory analyzed, 65-70;criticism of his theory, 70-76;hisSystems of Consanguinity, 66, 67;his five stages in evolution of the family and marriage, 67-70;on origin of aversion to close intermarriage, 122;on polygyny, 150.Morganatic or "left-hand" marriages, i, 255, 256.Morning-gift, i, 269 and n. 2.Morocco: divorce in, i, 241, 243 n. 3, 244 n. 2.Morong, i, 36.Morris, W., and Bax, E. B.: their views on the family, iii,230,231.Morton, Charles: solemnizes first religious marriage in Charlestown, ii, 138 n. 1.Mosquito Indians: symbolical rape among, i, 166, 167.Mother-group, of Hellwald, i, 58-60, 102 n. 1.Mother-right: discussion of, i, 33-89;authorities on, 33-38;Bachofen's view, 40-43;distinguished from gynocracy, 44-46;definition, 44 n. 1;according to Hellwald, 60, 61;according to Grosse, 60-63;relation of totemism to, 74;the problem of, 110-17.Moxos: divorce among, i, 239.Mucke, J. R.: hisHorde und Familie, i, 37, 63-65, 71;on alleged advantages of close intermarriage, 130 n. 2.Muirhead, J. H.: quoted, iii,230;on educated women and maternity,244,245.Müller, Max: hisSacred Books of the East, i, 4, 5;on maternal family, 20 and n. 2.Mulford, E.: cited, iii,225n. 1.Mund: Kohler and others on, i, 256;its relation to betrothal, 260 and n. 1, 261.Mundingos, the African: divorce among, i, 226 n. 3.Muntschatz, or bride-price, i, 259 n. 3.Murdoch, John: on Point Barrow natives, i, 143 n. 1, 187 n. 3, 212 n. 3;free divorce among, 227, 228 and n. 1.Muscovy: wife-capture in, i, 159.Muskogees: divorce rare among, i, 247 n. 6.Mylitta, i, 51.Nairs: polyandry among, i, 80, 81.Nantes, Council of: enforces doctrine of indissolubility, ii, 39.Naquet, A.: quoted, iii,168n. 2; cited,216n. 4.Natchez: effects of divorce among, i, 242;divorce rare, 247 n. 6.Natural selection: produces exogamy, i, 131;also polyandry, 136;and sex of offspring, 138, 139;its relation to sexual selection, 202, 206.Naumann, F.: on religious duty of child-bearing, iii,255n. 1.Navajo: bride-price among, i, 193;divorce, 239.Nebraska: marriage celebration in, ii, 464;witnesses, 265;unauthorized solemnization, 468;definition, 470;age of consent and of parental consent to marriage, 472, 473;forbidden degrees, 473-75;void and voidable marriages, 475-78;miscegenation forbidden, 479;license, 488;return, 489 and n. 3, 491;marriage certificate, 492;legislative divorce, iii,97;judicial divorce,129;remarriage,148;residence,157;notice,158;common-law marriage,177;age of consent to carnal knowledge,201.Nevada: marriage celebration in, ii, 463, 464, 465;witnesses, 465;definition, 471;age of consent and of parental consent to marriage, 472, 473;forbidden degrees, 473-75;void and voidable marriages, 475-78;miscegenation restrained, 479;license, 487, 488;return, 489 and n. 3, 491;marriage certificate and celebrant's record, 492;divorce, iii,142,143;remarriage,148;residence,157;common-law marriage,177;age of consent to carnal knowledge,202.New Britain aborigines, i, 94 n. 1;liberty of female choice among, 214, 215.New Caledonia: free courtship in, i, 214.New Guinea: wife-capture in, i, 159;wife on credit for service, 188 n. 2;no divorce among Papuas, 228, 229 n. 1.New Hampshire, the province: civil marriage in, ii, 134;scarlet letter for adultery, 172;for incest, 178;pre-contract, 179;espoused wife treated as married woman, 180 n. 3;clandestine marriages, 211 n. 4;divorce, 348, 349.—— the state: celebration of marriages in, ii, 391, 392;reputed marriages, 394;unauthorized solemnization, 395;age of consent to marriage, 395, 396;first cousins may not marry, 397;former system of banns, 402;certificate, 404;return, 406;collection and record of statistics, 407 and n. 6;jurisdiction, kinds, and causes of divorce, iii,10-13;remarriage,21;residence,23;as to common-law marriage,179;age of consent to carnal knowledge,198;divorce rate,210,212n. 1;license five days before celebration,191.Newhall, J. R.: on divorce in Massachusetts colony, ii, 332.New Haven, the colony: influence of the theocracy in, ii, 125;obligatory civil marriage, 135;marriage administration, 148;treatment of single persons, 153;regulates courtship, 164;espoused wife may be punished for adultery, 180;divorce, 352, 353.New Jersey, the colony: optional civil or ecclesiastical marriage in, ii, 308;act of 1668, 309;law of the twenty-four proprietors, 309-11;act of 1682, 311;Church of England set up, 312;instructions of bishop of London, 312;act of 1719, 312, 313;attempt of clergy to force religious marriage, 314, 315;divorce, 385.—— the state: celebration of marriages in, ii, 455, 456;witnesses 466;age of parental consent to marriage, 472, 473;forbidden degrees, 473-75;void and voidable marriages, 475-78;license for non-residents, 485;return, 491;celebrant's record 492;state registration, 493;divorce, iii,105-7;remarriage,146;residence,153;common-law marriage,177;license for non-residents five days before celebration, ii, 485;iii,192;age of consent to carnal knowledge,202.New London, Conn.: wedding-feast at, ii, 142.New Mexico: marriage celebration in, ii, 417 n. 4;marriage a civil contract, 427;age of consent and of parental consent, 428, 429;void or voidable marriages, 435 n. 3, 437, 438;favors marriage, 441;return, 449, 450;celebrant's record, 451;judicial divorce, iii,74-76;remarriage,82;residence,87;notice,88;courts silent as to common-law marriage,181;age of consent to carnal knowledge,200.New Netherland: marriage laws of, influenced by those of Guelderland, ii, 268;civil matrimonial administration with religious celebration, 268, 269;Stuyvesant's letter on notice of intentions, 269;the first ordinance, 270;half-marriage after banns, 271;bundling, 271, 272;form of notice on the Delaware, 273;civil courts have jurisdiction, 273;case of Beeck and Verleth, 274-77;informal marriagede praesentinot valid, 277;case of Laers, 277, 278;cases of Fabricius and Doxy, 278, 279;adultery, 280;breach of promise, 281, 282;wills and contracts at second marriage, 282-84;divorce and arbitration, 376-82.New York, the colony: bundling in, ii, 181;marriage law and custom in New Netherland, 267-84;under the Duke of York, 284;optional civil marriage, 285-87;registration, 288;wife-harboring punished, 288;remarriage after long absence, 289;case of self-marriage, 289, 290;Avery's offenses, 290, 291;complaints of marriages by justices, 291;Quaker marriages, 291-94;Dongan Act, 294-96;law and custom in the royal province, 296-300;question of law after 1691, 300, 301;Lauderdale Peerage case, 301-6;evidence of John Rodgers, 306-8;divorce in New Netherland, 376-82;divorce in royal province, 382-85.—— the state: slave baptism and slave marriage, ii, 453;solemnization, 453;common-law marriage abolished, 454, 455;Indian marriages, 455;witnesses, 465;unauthorized solemnization, 468;definition, 471;age of consent to marriage, 472;forbidden degrees, 473-75;void and voidable marriages, 475-78;substitute for license system, 484, 485;return, 490, 491;marriage certificate and celebrant's record, 492;state registration, 495-97;divorce, iii,101-5;remarriage,102,103,104,145;Van Voorhisv.Brintnall,145;Smithv.Woodworth,146;residence,152,153;notice,158n. 3;soliciting divorce business forbidden,160;common-law marriage,175;age of consent to carnal knowledge,201;divorce rate,216,217.New Zealand: wife-capture in, i, 159.—— and Tasmania: divorce rate, iii,211, note.Nez-Percés: runaway bride among, regarded as a prostitute, i, 184 n. 2.Niassers of Batu: no divorce among, i, 229.Niblack, A. P.: quoted, i, 143 n. 1.Nicaragua aborigines: divorce rare among, i, 247 n. 6.Nicholas, Pope: his letter to the Bulgarians on marriage in church, i, 295 n. 6.Nikâh al-mot'amarriage, i, 227 n. 1.Nisbet, Judge: his decision in Headv.Head, ii, 375, 376; iii,46-50.Nisi: the decree in England, ii, 113, 114.(SeeDecreenisi.)Niyoga, i, 84 and n. 2, 133.Noble, John: his edition of assistants' records, ii, 332.Nomenclatures: as basis of so-called systems of consanguinity, i, 70-73.Norfolk's case, ii, 104, 105.Northampton's case, ii, 80 and n. 4, 103.North Carolina, the colony: struggle for free civil marriage in, ii, 247;first marriage law, 249, 250;liberty of Quakers, 250;vestries act, establishing ecclesiastical rites, 252;governor's license, 252;act of 1741, 252-54;law of 1766, 254-59;question or common-law marriage, iii,172.—— the state: celebration of marriage in, ii, 415;requisites for a legal marriage, 424;age of consent, 428, 429;age of parental consent, 429;forbidden degrees, 433, 434;void or voidable marriages, 435 n. 3, 437, 438;miscegenation forbidden, 439;survival of dual system of banns and license, 443;present license system, 447;return, 449;legislative divorce, iii,36-38;judicial divorce,57,58;remarriage,80,81;residence,86,87;notice,88;trial by jury,90;alimony, property, and care or children,91,92-94;rejects common-law marriage,180;age of consent to carnal knowledge,200.North Dakota: marriage celebration, ii, 463, 464;witnesses, 465;unauthorized solemnization, 468;definition, 471;age of consent and of parental consent to marriage, 472, 473;forbidden degrees, 473-75;void and voidable marriages, 475-78;license, 488;return, 489 and n. 3, 491;divorce, iii,142;remarriage,149;residence,156,157;courts silent as to common-law marriage,182;age of consent to carnal knowledge,201.Northwest Territory: marriage laws of, ii, 458, 459;divorce laws, iii,113."Northumbrian Priests, Law of": denies remarriage after divorce, ii, 40.