Vermont,16;Virginia,51;West Virginia,52,53;Wisconsin,123,124.Separation order: the English, ii, 117.Seranglao and Gorong: divorce in, i, 241 n. 6.Seri: marriage by service among, i, 187 and n. 3;meaning of their probational marriage, 218 n. 4.Servia: wife-capture in, i, 159, 160;bride-price, 190 n. 1.Seven months' rule: in New England churches, ii, 196 and n. 2, 197, 198 n. 2.Sewall, Samuel: importance of his writings for the history of social customs, ii, 133 n. 1;on marriages celebrated by Vanderbosk, 137;by justices and ministers, 138 n. 4;"bedded" at second marriage, 140;wedding celebrations, 142, 143;would keep house with Widow Denison, 157 n. 2;provides his daughters with wooers, 167-69;with dowries, 203, 204;his marriages and thrifty courtships, 204-9;on marriage of first cousins, 213 n. 2;law against incestuous unions, 213 n. 7;Hana Owen's marriage, 215;miscegenation, 218;slave baptism, 222, 223;slave marriages, hisSelling of Joseph, 223, 224.Sewell, William: quoted, ii, 293 n. 3;on Quaker marriages, 317.Sexes: differentiation of, i, 93, 94;numerical disparity of, 136, 137;causes which determine, 138 and n. 1;influence of disparity of, on rise of polyandry, 138-41.Sex-parasitism, iii,247n. 1.Sexual selection: woman's function in, i, 202;secondary sexual characters in, 203-6;and the economic dependence of woman, iii,249n. 1.Shame: origin of, i, 206 n. 2.Shammai: school of, ii, 13 n. 2.Shans: divorce among, i, 239.Sharonv.Sharon, ii, 467 and n. 1;iii,158n. 1.Shastikas: bride-price among, i, 190, 191.Shekiani: easy divorce among, i, 226.Shirley, J. M.: on pre-contract, ii, 180;bundling, 185 n. 2.Sia: alleged communism of, i, 108 n. 2.Siamese: four classes of wives among, i, 144 n. 5.Siegel, H.: on wife-capture among Germans, i, 258 n. 1;wife-purchase, 260 n. 1;exchange of rings, 281 n. 1.Simcox, Edith: on family life of Babylonians and Egyptians, i, 221 n. 1.Similarity: biological law of, i, 130, 131.Single persons: laws regarding, ii, 152-58.Sioux: position of woman among, i, 45;plurality of wives, 143 n. 1, 144;symbolical capture, 165, 168;custom of avoidance, 187 n. 2;divorce, 239.Sioux Falls, S.D.: alleged divorce colony of, iii,205and n. 3.Sippe, or clan-group, i, 259.Siricius: on the benediction, i, 296 n. 1.Slave marriages: among early Germans, i, 257, 276 n. 1;in New England, ii, 216-26.Slaves: status of, in New England colonies, ii, 215, 216;the problem of baptizing, 220-23;marriages of, 216-26.Slavs: works on matrimonial institutions of, i, 5;house communities among, 30 n. 1, 129;conspicuous for wife-capture, i, 160;symbol of rape, 174;wife-purchase, 199 and n. 8.Smith, Henry: hisPreparation to Marriage, ii, 73.Smith, Mary Roberts: cited, iii,167,244n. 2.Smith, Robertson: on Arabian marriage customs, i, 17 and n. 3;polyandry, 135;wife-capture among Arabs, 161;Arabian divorce, 246 n. 1.Smithv.Woodworth, iii,146.Smock marriages, i, 441 n. 3;in New England, ii, 141.Snyder, W. L.: on uniform divorce law, iii,222n. 3.Socialists: views as to monogamic family, iii,229;theory of Engels,229,230;of Carpenter,230;of Morris and Bax,230,231;of Gronlund,231,232;of Robert Owen,232-34;of Robert Dale Owen,234;of Bebel,234,235;results of socialist thought,235.Sohm, Rudolph: on real-contract, i, 259 n. 1;Witthumas price ofmund, 260 n. 1;fixed-price ofmund, 265 n. 4;arrha, 266 n. 2;evolution ofbeweddung, 266-72, 276-86;foster-laen, 270 n. 1;the old English betrothal ritual, 271 n. 2;time ofgifta, 272 n. 1;derivation ofGemahl, 273 n. 1;his theory of betrothal, 273-76;self-betrothal and self-gifta, 276-86;chosen guardian andFürsprecher, 281, 282;his works mentioned 288-90;consensus, 292 n. 3;origin of canon-law betrothal, 293 n. 1;benediction at nuptials, 296 n. 1;validity of unblessed marriages, 297;function of priest in the old English ritual, 302;the rise of ecclesiastical marriage, 309, 310 and n. 1;the decree of the Council of Trent, 316 n. 1;sponsalia, 337, note, 340 n. 1;rise of spiritual jurisdiction, ii, 50 n. 1.Soissons, Synod of: on divorce, ii, 41, 42.Solemnization of marriage: in the New England states, ii, 389-95;southern and southwestern states, 409-27;middle and western states, 452-70;defects of the present dual system, iii,186-90;reforms needed,193,194.Somali: divorce among, i, 241.Sonderfamilie: of Grosse, i, 61.Sophia: on woman's equality with man, iii,237.Soulimana: divorce in, i, 226 n. 3.South Carolina, the colony: slave baptism in, ii, 221;marriage, 260, 261;optional civil or religious ceremony in back country, 261;question of divorce, 375;common-law marriage, iii,172.—— the state: marriage celebration in, ii, 416 and n. 2;pre-contracts, 425, 426;marriages of freedmen, 426;age of parental consent, 429, 430;forbidden degrees, 433, 435;void or voidable marriages, 435 n. 3, 437, 438;miscegenation forbidden, 439;legislative divorce, iii,38;judicial divorce,76,77;common-law marriage,176;age of consent to carnal knowledge,200.South Dakota: marriage celebration in, ii, 464;witnesses, 465;marriage by declaration, 467;requisites for legal marriage, 469;definition, 471;age of consent and of parental consent to marriage, 472, 473;forbidden degrees, 473-75;void and voidable marriages, 475-78;license, 488;return, 489 and n. 3, 490, 491;marriage certificate and celebrant's record, 492;divorce, iii,142;remarriage,149;residence,157;courts silent as to common-law marriage,182;age of consent to carnal knowledge,202.South Slavonians: wife-capture among, i, 159;divorce, 242, 244 n. 2.Space-relationships, of Mucke, i, 63-65, 71.Spartans: wife-lending among, i, 49;symbol of capture, 171.Souza, G. S. de: on sexual jealousy among Brazilian natives, i, 105, 106;polygyny of Tupinambás, 144.Spencer, Baldwin, and Gillen, F. J.: theirNative Tribes, i, 35;on evidences of former promiscuity in Australia, 53 and n. 3;their view rejected by Crawley, 54;on class systems, 75, 76;methods of getting wives in Australia, 170, note;wife-capture, 181, 182.Spencer, Herbert: his criticism of Maine's patriarchal theory, i, 14, 15;of McLennan, 35, 86, 87;on female kinship, 111;wife-capture and exogamy, 117-20;origin of forbidden degrees, 122;secondary wives, 144 n. 5;polygyny, 146-48;wife-purchase, 179, 180;on significance of marriage by service, 188, 189, 212 n. 1;original status of woman, 210 and n. 4;it was relatively high among American aborigines, 213 n. 5;woman's mental capacity, iii,240.Spirgatis, E.: on the betrothal, i, 275 n. 2.Spiritual affinity, i, 353 n. 5.Spiritual jurisdiction: evils of, i, 351-59;rise of, after Reformation, 392.(SeeCanon law, Jurisdiction.)Sponsalia per verba de praesenti vel futuro, i, 305, 315, 316;literature of, 322;classification, 336-38, 340;Luther quoted on, 341-43;law decisions, 443, 444;mentioned, 351 n. 3;in England, 376-80.Stara Pazva: effects of divorce in, i, 243 n. 6.Starcke, C. N.: on paternal system of kinship, i, 18;Bachofen, 39 n. 2;status of African women, 46;juridical fatherhood, 53 n. 2;nomenclatures, 72;criticises McLennan, 87, 88;rejects theory of uniform primitive state, 91;origin of the family among lower animals, 92;the sexual instinct, 100, 101, notes;origin of system of female kinship, 113, 114;symbols of wife-capture, 119;origin of exogamy, 123-25;polygyny, 146 n. 2;ceremonial capture, 176;value of female labor in early marriage, 211 n. 4.Statistics: divorce, iii,209-19.Stead, W. T. exposes traffic in young girls, iii,195,196.Stiel, Dr.: enforces his betrothal, i, 373 n. 1.Stetson, Charlotte Perkins: on socialization of female sex, iii,247;sexual selection and economic subjection,249n. 1.Stiles, H. R.: on bundling, ii, 181, 183, notes, 184 nn. 1, 2, 4, 185 and n. 1;quoted, 282.Stoddart, Sir John: on divorce, 1550-1602, ii, 79 n. 5.Stölzel, A.: on self-divorce and origin of process after Reformation, ii, 69, 70;origin of consistorial courts, 70 n. 4, 71 n. 1.Strabo: on sacred prostitution in Armenia, i, 51 n. 1.Strahan, S. A. K.: cited, iii,240n. 4;on evil effects of early marriages,243,244.Streitwolfv.Streitwolf, iii,207.Strong, Justice: his opinion in Meisterv.Moore, iii,178.Stuyvesant, Peter: his letter on publication of marriage, ii, 269, 270.Subarrare: in ritual of Greek church, i, 266 n. 1.Suffolk county, Mass.: cases of pre-nuptial incontinence, with penalties and confessions, ii, 188, 192, 196.Sumner, Charles: on slavery in Massachusetts, ii, 216.Sumatra: abduction and purchase in, i, 183, 215;wives by exchange, 185;betrothals, 209 and n. 6;divorce among Karo-Karo, 229.Superintendent registrar: celebration by his certificate, i, 470, 471.Surtees Society:Publicationsof, cited, i, 284 n. 1, 288, 297 n. 1, 298, 303-8, 311 n. 1.Sutro Library; seventeenth-century pamphlets in, i, 418 n. 2, 432 n. 1.Sutton, Dan: his tongue bored with hot iron for bigamy and perjury, ii, 286 n. 1.Swabian marriage ritual of twelfth century, i, 253, 284, 285.Sweden: divorce rate of, iii,212.Swendsen, Haagen: case of, i, 447.Swinburne, Henry: on the marriage ring, i, 297, note;Sponsalia, 341-43;pre-contracts, 377, 378;spousals, 378, 379;evils of secret spousals, 379, 380;public spousals, 380;form of betrothal and the ring, 383-85.Switzerland: divorce rate of, iii,211, note;how the rate is affected by the uniform law,222n. 2.Symbiose, i, 101 n. 2.Symson, Peter, the Fleet parson, i, 438 n. 2.Sympathy: has widened the sphere of sexual relations, i, 132.Syndiasmian family, i, 69, 70.Tables; statistical: of cases of ante-nuptial fornication, with penalties and confessions, ii, 188-96;of Massachusetts divorces in seventeenth century, 333;and in eighteenth century, 341-44.Taboo, sexual: Crawley's theory of, i, 54, 131, note.Tacitus: his description of a German betrothal, i, 262 and nn. 1, 2, 285 n. 4;on second marriages, 273 n. 1, 277.Tahiti, i, 245 n. 2.Talmud: on divorce, i, 240 n. 4; ii, 13.Tamils, i, 69.Tancred: the decretalist, ii, 51 and n. 3.Tarrying, ii, 183 and n. 5, 184.Tartars: wife-capture among, i, 159;wife-purchase, 194, 195.Tasmanians, i, 99: wife-capture in, 159;elopement, 169;divorce, 232 and n. 5.Tatooing, i, 206 n. 2.Tegg, W.: on the marriage ring, i, 279, note.Tennessee: celebration of marriage in, ii, 415, 416;essentials for a legal marriage, 424, 425;marriages of freedmen, 426;license to persons under sixteen without parental consent forbidden, 430, 431;forbidden degrees, 433-35;void or voidable marriages, 437, 438 n. 3;miscegenation forbidden, 438;survival of dual system of banns or license, 443;present license system, 447;license bond, 448;judicial divorce, iii,58-61;remarriage,82;residence,86;process,88;guilty wife forfeits dower,95;favors common-law marriage,176;age of consent to carnal knowledge,199.Tertullian: on the betrothal kiss, i, 279, note;parental consent, 292 n. 4;form of marriage, 294;heathen forms of espousal, 295;divorce, ii, 24;second marriage, 25 and n. 2.Texas: marriage celebration in, ii, 421-23;marriages of freedman, 426;age of consent and of parental consent, 429;forbidden degrees, 433, 435;void or voidable marriages, 437, 438;miscegenation forbidden, 438, 439;license system, 447;return, 449;judicial divorce, iii,71;remarriage,82;residence,87;trial by jury,90;common-law marriage,176,177;age of consent to carnal knowledge,199.Themis, i, 24.Theocracy of Massachusetts and New Haven: sway of, tends to separate church and state, ii, 125.Theodore of Tarsus: his rules for marriage celebration, i, 313;regulates marriage and divorce, 333, 334.Theodosian code: on betrothal with the kiss, i, 424 and n. 2.Theodosius II.: his divorce law, ii, 31, 32.Thlinkets, i, 143 n. 1, 213 n. 5.Thompson, Hannah: on New York wedding customs, ii, 299.Thompson and Geddes: on sexual selection, i, 205 n. 4.Thornback, ii, 158.Thorpe, B.: on foster-laen, i, 270 n. 1;date of the old English betrothal ritual, 271 n. 1.Thracians: wife-purchase among, i, 199.Thwaites, R. G.: on the Winnebagoes, i, 235 n. 1.Thwing, C. F.: on abuse of divorce jurisdiction under canon law, ii, 57;Margaret Tudor's divorces and marriages, 58 n. 2.Tibet: prostitution in, i, 49 n. 1;polyandry, 81, 83, 140;inbreeding, 140;but one husband usually at home, 103 n. 4.Tillier, L.: cited, i, 37.Tilly, Widow: marries Sewall, ii, 206, 207.Timor: betrothals in, i, 209.Timorlaut, i, 210.Titsingh: cited, i, 154.Tocqueville; A. de: on marriage in America, iii,252.Todas: proof-marriages among, i, 49 n. 2;polyandry, 81-83, 140, 141;marriage with half-sister, 125 n. 5;numerical disparity of sexes, 137;inbreeding, 140;exchange of dowers, 219.Toleramus: the permission to rewed after divorce, ii, 65 n. 6.Tonga: husband's sole right of divorce in, i, 231.Totemgens, i, 79.Totemism: Kohler on, i, 73-75;McLennan on, 79 and n. 2.Tower: clandestine marriages in, i, 443.Town magistrate: grants divorces in Rhode Island colony, ii, 361, 364.Townshend, Charles: on the Hardwicke Act, i, 449, 451 n. 2, 452, 453, 455 n. 3, 456, 457.Trent, Council of: declares marriage a sacrament, i. 326 n. 2, 329 n. 1, 333;against secret marriage, 339;decree of, 346 n. 2;on publicity, 359, 360;its decree not accepted in England, 376;makes no essential change in the canon law of divorce, ii, 59, 60.Treugelöbniss, i, 268.Trumbull, B.: on divorces in Connecticut, ii, 358 n. 4.Tryon, Governor: on the North Carolina marriage laws, ii, 256-59.Tscheng-Ki-Tong: on divorce in China, i, 236 n. 4.Tscherkese: betrothals among, i, 209.Tualcha mura custom, i, 181 n. 3.Tudor, Margaret: her matrimonial adventures, ii, 57, 58, notes.Tupinambás, i, 105, 106, 144.Turanian system of consanguinity, i, 68, 69.Turner, L. M.: on the Innuit, i, 126 n. 1. 143 n. 1;natives of Ungava District, 165 and n. 2.Turner, Paul: on Nestor and on the law of Black George, i, 190 n. 1;denies wife-purchase among the Slavs, 199 n. 8.Tutelage of women among the Germans, i, 259 and n. 4;weakened in the evolution of free marriage, 276-86.Tyburn: clandestine marriages in, i, 443.Tylor, E. B.: hisOn a Method, i, 6, 8 n. 2;hisMatriarchal Family, 37;on headship of woman in the family, 45;exogamy and the class-systems, 72 n. 5, 129;Couvade, 112 n. 4;exogamy, 121 and n. 3.Tyndale, W.: on marriage of priests, i, 388 n. 4;nature of matrimony, 393;his casuistry regarding desertion, ii, 74.Uaupés: intermarry with persons of other tribes, i, 128.Uganda: bride-price in, i, 194.Ulpian: onconsensus, i, 292 n. 4.Unfree: marriage of, i, 257, 276 n. 1.(SeeSlave marriages.)Ungava District, i, 105, 165 and n. 2.Unger, J.: hisEhecharacterized, i, 33;his theory of gynocracy, 44;on the bridal ring, 280 n. 3.Uniform social progress: theories of, i, 8, 9.Unitarian marriage bill, i, 461, 462.Unyoros: divorce by symbolical act among, i, 241;remarriage of divorced couple, 247 n. 2.Urabunna: their form of marriage, i, 72 n. 6.Urfamilie, of Hellwald, i, 58, 59.Usherv.Troop (Throop), ii, 151 n. 3.Usus, marriage by: how dissolved, ii, 15 n. 1;weakened bysenatus consultum, 15 n. 2.Utah: marriage celebration in, ii, 464;unauthorized solemnization, 468;age of consent and of parental consent to marriage, 472, 473;forbidden degrees, 473-75;void and voidable marriages, 475-78;miscegenation forbidden, 479;polygamous marriages regulated, 476, 477;license, 487, 488;return, 489 and n. 3, 491;divorce, iii,131-33;remarriage,148;residence,156;notice,158;rejects common-law marriage,181;age of consent to carnal knowledge,201;divorce rate,218n. 3.Vaîgneurv.Kirk, ii, 263, note, 416 n. 2;iii,77,176n. 1.Valentine: on bundling, ii, 271, 272.Vanderbosk, L.: solemnizes marriages in Boston, ii, 137 and n. 3.Vannes, Council of: allows remarriage after divorce, ii, 39.Van Voorhisv.Brintnall, iii,145.Veddahs, the Dravidian of Ceylon: monogamy among, i, 142 and n. 2;no wife-purchase, 218;no divorce, 228;love checks divorce, 248.Veil, the bridal, i, 295 and n. 3.Vein to the heart, i, 306 and n. 2.Venus, the Italian, i, 51.Verberie, Synod of: on divorce, ii, 42-44.Vermont: celebration of marriages in, ii, 393;unauthorized celebration, 395;age of parental consent to marriage, 396;checks marriage of paupers, 400 and n. 7;survival of optional system of banns or posting, 403 n. 1;certificate and record, 404;return, 405, 406;collection and record of statistics, 408;jurisdiction, kinds, and causes of divorce, iii,15,16;remarriage,21;residence,23,24;notice,26,27;alimony,29,30;rejects common-law marriage,179;age of consent to carnal knowledge,198;divorce rate,209,212n. 1.Vignoli, Tito: quoted, i, 99, 100.Virginia, the colony: slave baptism in, ii, 221;ecclesiastical marriage and lay administration, 228-34;license, 234;secret marriages, 235;first wedding, 235, 236;fornication, courtship, 236, 237;marriage agreement, 237-39;separate alimony, not divorce, granted, 368-71;question of common-law marriage, iii,171,172.—— the state: solemnization of marriage in, ii, 409-13;unauthorized celebration, 425;marriages of freedmen, 426;age of consent and of parental consent, 428-30;forbidden degrees, 433, 435;void or voidable marriages, 435 n. 3, 436, 437, 438;miscegenation forbidden, 439;optional system of banns or license, 442, 443;license, by whom issued, 446, 447;return, 449, 450;state registration, 452;legislative divorce, iii,35,36;judicial divorce,50-52;remarriage,79,80;residence,84,85;process,89;alimony,90,92,93;courts silent as to common-law marriage,181, 182;age of consent to carnal knowledge,200.Void or voidable marriages: in England, ii, 92-102;New England, 397-401;southern and southwestern states, 435-41;middle and western states, 475-79;reform needed, iii,194.Wadium, i, 268.Waitz, Georg: onmund, i, 260 n. 1.Waitz, Theodor: on adultery among Micronesians, i, 106 and n. 4;incest among New England Indians, 126 n. 1.Wake, C. S.: on polyandry, i, 135;subordinate wives, 144 n. 5;causes of polygyny, 136 n. 3, 146 n. 6, 148 n. 3;wife-purchase, 216 n. 2.Wales:trevsor clan-households in, i, 129;symbolical capture, 173.Wallace, A. R.: on sexual selection, i, 204, 205.Walpole, Horace: quoted, i, 448 n. 3;on the Hardwicke Act, 449 n. 2, 457.Walter, Archbishop: his canon against clandestine marriages, i, 314;enforcement of banns, 360.Walter, F.: on marriage, i, 265 nn. 1, 2;nuptial ceremonies, 285 n. 4;canon-law betrothal, 293 n. 1.Wanton, William: marriage of, ii, 134 n. 5.Ward, L. F.: cited, iii,240n. 4;on woman's sexual subjection,241,242;influence of higher ideal of love on marriage,245n. 1.Washington: marriage celebration in, ii, 463, 464;witnesses, 265;unauthorized solemnization, 468;definition, 470;age of consent and of parental consent to marriage, 471-73;forbidden degrees, 473-75;void and voidable marriages, 475-78;license, 488;return, 489 and n. 3, 491;marriage certificate, 492;legislative divorce, iii,98,99;judicial divorce,135,136;remarriage,148;Willeyv.Willey,151;residence,156;notice,158;intervention of prosecuting attorney,159;soliciting divorce business forbidden,160;rejects common-law marriage,181;age of consent to carnal knowledge,201.Watch-an-dies, Australian, i, 99.Waters, R. E.: on parish records during the Commonwealth, i, 426;marriage of Frances Cromwell, 429-31.Wazaramo, African: their divorce by symbolical act, i, 240, 241.Weeden, W. B.: on civil-marriage contract, ii, 132 n. 4;quoted, 152, 153;cited, 157 n. 2;status of slaves in New England colonies, 215.Weeks, S. B.: quoted, ii, 252, 254, 256 n. 1, 257, 259 n. 2.Weinhold, Karl: cited, i, 258 n. 2;on early German nuptials, 272 nn. 2, 4;marriage of widows, 273 n. 1;adultery among early Teutons, ii, 36 n. 1.Weotuma, or bride-price, i, 259 and n. 3;whether price of themund, 260 and n. 1;other terms for, 262, 263;as provision for widow, 266, 267;when paid, 273.Wergeld: its relation tomund, i, 265.West-Cambridgev.Lexington, iii,18and n. 1.Westermarck, Edward: his use of "human marriage," i, 7, note;accents psychological causes, 9 n. 3;on peoples with descent in male line, 18;paternal power among Greeks, Germans, and Celts, 28 n. 2;use of term "matriarchate," 44 n. 1;evidence of alleged promiscuity, 47, 48;nomenclatures, 72;origin of the family among lower animals, 92, 98, 99;sexual instinct, 101;defines marriage, 102;female kinship, 111-13;"beena" marriage, 115;incest, forbidden degrees, and exogamy, 125-32;origin of polyandry, 136-41;causes determining sex of offspring, 138, 139;methods of wife-purchase, 185;marriage by service, 186 n. 3;primitive liberty of sexual choice, 202;sexual attraction, 203-7;standards of beauty, 207 n. 5;on the Padams, 217, 218;wooing gifts, 221;effects of property on divorce, 248;conservative influence of wife-purchase, 249 n. 1.West Goths: wife-purchase among, i, 264.West Victoria: divorce in, i, 229, 230.West Virginia: solemnization of marriage in, ii, 413;unauthorized celebration, 425;marriages of freedmen, 426;age of consent and of parental consent, 428-30;forbidden degrees, 433, 435;void or voidable marriages, 435 n. 3, 436, 437, 438;miscegenation forbidden, 439;favors marriage, 441;license system, 447;return, 449, 450;state registration, 452;divorce, iii,52,53;remarriage,82;residence,85;process,89;alimony,93;rejects common-law marriage,180;age of consent to carnal knowledge,200.Wetteorwed: the formal contract, i, 268, 271;derivation, and of kindred terms, 274 n. 4;in self-betrothal, 278.Wharton, W.: self-marriage of, ii, 289, 290.Wheaton, Christopher and Martha: case of, ii, 190, 191.