733. See Cic. Brut. 446.
733. See Cic. Brut. 446.
734. Metam. xiii.
734. Metam. xiii.
735. Controv. ii. 10.
735. Controv. ii. 10.
736. See distinction between these in ch. viii.
736. See distinction between these in ch. viii.
737. Amor. II. xi. 10.
737. Amor. II. xi. 10.
738. Ep. ex Ponto, ii. 10.
738. Ep. ex Ponto, ii. 10.
739. Trist. IV. x. 100.
739. Trist. IV. x. 100.
740. Ibid. IV. x. 90, and III. i. 52.
740. Ibid. IV. x. 90, and III. i. 52.
741. Ibid. I. ii. 107.
741. Ibid. I. ii. 107.
742. Ibid. iv. 10, 101; Ep. ex Pont. p. ii. vii.
742. Ibid. iv. 10, 101; Ep. ex Pont. p. ii. vii.
743. See Class. Museum, iv. 13.
743. See Class. Museum, iv. 13.
744. Hist. Abreg. de la Lit. Rom.
744. Hist. Abreg. de la Lit. Rom.
745. Trist. III. i. 65.
745. Trist. III. i. 65.
746. Ex Ponto, IV. ix. 82.
746. Ex Ponto, IV. ix. 82.
747. Trist. I. iii.
747. Trist. I. iii.
748. Ibid. V. ii.
748. Ibid. V. ii.
749. Ex Pont. IV. ix. 97.
749. Ex Pont. IV. ix. 97.
750. See II. xviii. 19.
750. See II. xviii. 19.
751. Rem. Am. 43.
751. Rem. Am. 43.
752. Trist. i. vi. 30.
752. Trist. i. vi. 30.
753. Metam. ii. i.
753. Metam. ii. i.
754. Ibid. i. 89.
754. Ibid. i. 89.
755. Ibid. iv. 55.
755. Ibid. iv. 55.
756. Ibid. viii. 628.
756. Ibid. viii. 628.
757. Ibid. iii. 407.
757. Ibid. iii. 407.
758. Ibid. xi. 592.
758. Ibid. xi. 592.
759. Ibid. viii. 152.
759. Ibid. viii. 152.
760. Ibid. vii. 661.
760. Ibid. vii. 661.
761. Ibid. vii. 11.
761. Ibid. vii. 11.
762. Trist. ii. v. 549.
762. Trist. ii. v. 549.
763. Hor. Od. I. 33.
763. Hor. Od. I. 33.
764. Lib. iii. 7.
764. Lib. iii. 7.
765. Ar. Am. iii. 205.
765. Ar. Am. iii. 205.
766. Plin. H. N. xxxii. 54.
766. Plin. H. N. xxxii. 54.
767. In. Or. x. 98.
767. In. Or. x. 98.
768. Ep. ex Pont. iv. 16, 33.
768. Ep. ex Pont. iv. 16, 33.
769. See Bernhardy, Gr. 440.
769. See Bernhardy, Gr. 440.
770. Bern. 409.
770. Bern. 409.
771. Quint. x. 1.
771. Quint. x. 1.
772. Ibid. iv. 16, 6.
772. Ibid. iv. 16, 6.
773. Ep. ii. 77.
773. Ep. ii. 77.
774. Ann. ii. 23; Suasor. I.
774. Ann. ii. 23; Suasor. I.
775. Ex Pont. iv. 16, 13.
775. Ex Pont. iv. 16, 13.
776. Amor. ii. 18, 27.
776. Amor. ii. 18, 27.
777. Bernhardy, 451.
777. Bernhardy, 451.
778. Ep. ex Pont. iv. 16, 13.
778. Ep. ex Pont. iv. 16, 13.
779. Smith’s Dict. Glaser im Rhein. Mus. N. F. i. 437.
779. Smith’s Dict. Glaser im Rhein. Mus. N. F. i. 437.
780. Lib. i. 798–897; iv. 763.
780. Lib. i. 798–897; iv. 763.
781. Hor. Od. I. xxxi.
781. Hor. Od. I. xxxi.
782. Cicero, notwithstanding his opposite politics, admired Marius, to whom he was distantly related, and thought it an honour to have been born near Arpinum. He quotes a saying of Pompey’s (Cic. de Leg. ii. 3,) that Arpinum had produced two citizens who had preserved Italy. Valerius Maximus thinks that Arpinum, in this respect, enjoyed a singular privilege:—Conspicuæ felicitatis Arpinum unicum, sive litterarum gloriosissimum contemptorem, sive abundantissimum fontem intueri velis.
782. Cicero, notwithstanding his opposite politics, admired Marius, to whom he was distantly related, and thought it an honour to have been born near Arpinum. He quotes a saying of Pompey’s (Cic. de Leg. ii. 3,) that Arpinum had produced two citizens who had preserved Italy. Valerius Maximus thinks that Arpinum, in this respect, enjoyed a singular privilege:—Conspicuæ felicitatis Arpinum unicum, sive litterarum gloriosissimum contemptorem, sive abundantissimum fontem intueri velis.
783. De Orat. ii. 1.
783. De Orat. ii. 1.
784. Brut. 56.
784. Brut. 56.
785. Meyer, Anthol. Rom. 66.
785. Meyer, Anthol. Rom. 66.
786.B. C.89.
786.B. C.89.
787. Pro Quint.B. C.81.
787. Pro Quint.B. C.81.
788.B. C.79.
788.B. C.79.
789. De Fin. 5, 1.
789. De Fin. 5, 1.
790.B. C.77.
790.B. C.77.
791.B. C.76; æt. 31.
791.B. C.76; æt. 31.
792. T. Q. v. 3.
792. T. Q. v. 3.
793.B. C.74.
793.B. C.74.
794.B. C.69.
794.B. C.69.
795. In Pis. iii.; ad Fam. v. 2.
795. In Pis. iii.; ad Fam. v. 2.
796.B. C.61.
796.B. C.61.
797.B. C.58.
797.B. C.58.
798. Ad Att. x. 4.
798. Ad Att. x. 4.
799. Ad Fam. x. iv. 4; ad Att. iii. 13.
799. Ad Fam. x. iv. 4; ad Att. iii. 13.
800. Pro Planco, 26.
800. Pro Planco, 26.
801. In Pis. xxii.; Post red. xv.
801. In Pis. xxii.; Post red. xv.
802.B. C.53.
802.B. C.53.
803. Att. ii. 5.
803. Att. ii. 5.
804. Niebuhr.
804. Niebuhr.
805. See Letters to Att.passim.
805. See Letters to Att.passim.
806.B. C.46.
806.B. C.46.
807.B. C.43.
807.B. C.43.
808. He wrote during that year theDe Officiis,De Divinatione,De Fato,Topica, and the lost treatiseDe Gloria, besides a vast number of Letters.
808. He wrote during that year theDe Officiis,De Divinatione,De Fato,Topica, and the lost treatiseDe Gloria, besides a vast number of Letters.
809. Pro Muræna, 3.
809. Pro Muræna, 3.
810.De Leg., introduction.
810.De Leg., introduction.
811. Poverty and barrenness were most probably instrumental in producing the diffuseness and exuberance of the Asiatic and Rhodian schools. Their literature and philosophy were deficient in matter, and they sought to hide this defect by the external ornaments of language. For a long time Athens, strong in her pure classic taste, successfully resisted this influence; and in the time of Cicero the tastes of the two schools were in direct opposition. But the flowers of rhetoric are captivating: another generation saw the supremacy of rhetoric at Rome; and the days of Petronius Arbiter (Satyr. book ii.) witnessed the migration of Asiatic taste to Athens.
811. Poverty and barrenness were most probably instrumental in producing the diffuseness and exuberance of the Asiatic and Rhodian schools. Their literature and philosophy were deficient in matter, and they sought to hide this defect by the external ornaments of language. For a long time Athens, strong in her pure classic taste, successfully resisted this influence; and in the time of Cicero the tastes of the two schools were in direct opposition. But the flowers of rhetoric are captivating: another generation saw the supremacy of rhetoric at Rome; and the days of Petronius Arbiter (Satyr. book ii.) witnessed the migration of Asiatic taste to Athens.
812. Cicero tells us (de Orat. i. 57, 58) that Galba, Antony, and Sulpicius were ignorant of jurisprudence; that the chief requisites were elegance, wit, pathos, &c. For legal knowledge they trusted to jurisconsults. In the orationpro Muræna, even he himself sneers at a technical knowledge of law.
812. Cicero tells us (de Orat. i. 57, 58) that Galba, Antony, and Sulpicius were ignorant of jurisprudence; that the chief requisites were elegance, wit, pathos, &c. For legal knowledge they trusted to jurisconsults. In the orationpro Muræna, even he himself sneers at a technical knowledge of law.
813. DeliveredB. C.81.
813. DeliveredB. C.81.
814.B. C.80.
814.B. C.80.
815. De Orat.
815. De Orat.
816.B. C.70.
816.B. C.70.
817.B. C.69.
817.B. C.69.
818.B. C.66.
818.B. C.66.
819. Belles Lettres, Lect. xxviii.
819. Belles Lettres, Lect. xxviii.
820.B. C.61.
820.B. C.61.
821. Schröter. Leips. 1818.
821. Schröter. Leips. 1818.
822.B. C.56.
822.B. C.56.
823.B. C.55.
823.B. C.55.
824. Born aboutB. C.2.
824. Born aboutB. C.2.
825.B. C.56.
825.B. C.56.
826. Phil. ii.
826. Phil. ii.
827. Phil. i.;B. C.44.
827. Phil. i.;B. C.44.
828. De Orat. i. 2.
828. De Orat. i. 2.
829. For the arguments on this point see Smith’s Dict. i. 726.
829. For the arguments on this point see Smith’s Dict. i. 726.
830.B. C.55, 46, 45.
830.B. C.55, 46, 45.
831.B. C.47.
831.B. C.47.
832.B. C.46.
832.B. C.46.
833.B. C.45.
833.B. C.45.
834. Tusc. i. 3. See also ii. 2.
834. Tusc. i. 3. See also ii. 2.
835. De Off. i. 1.
835. De Off. i. 1.
836. De Div. II. ii.
836. De Div. II. ii.
837. De Fin. iii. 2.
837. De Fin. iii. 2.
838. Epist. iv. 18.
838. Epist. iv. 18.
839. Ibid. lviii.
839. Ibid. lviii.
840.Ex. gr.De Div. ii. 1; Brut. 93.
840.Ex. gr.De Div. ii. 1; Brut. 93.
841. See also T. D. ii. 4; x. b. v. ii.
841. See also T. D. ii. 4; x. b. v. ii.
842.A. U. C.592; Gell. N. A. xv. 2.
842.A. U. C.592; Gell. N. A. xv. 2.
843. Cic. de Or. ii. 37.
843. Cic. de Or. ii. 37.
844. Tusc. iv. 3.
844. Tusc. iv. 3.
845. Ritter, H. of Ph. vol. iv. xii. 2, note.
845. Ritter, H. of Ph. vol. iv. xii. 2, note.
846. Tusc. iv. 3.
846. Tusc. iv. 3.
847. Ac. Post. I. 2.
847. Ac. Post. I. 2.
848. De Rep. i. 18, 19.
848. De Rep. i. 18, 19.
849. De Off. i. 43.
849. De Off. i. 43.
850. De Off. i. 43.
850. De Off. i. 43.
851. De Fin. iv. 9.
851. De Fin. iv. 9.
852. Tusc. i. 27, 28.
852. Tusc. i. 27, 28.
853. De Leg. ii. 13.
853. De Leg. ii. 13.
854. De Sen. 21.
854. De Sen. 21.
855.B. C.45.
855.B. C.45.
856.B. C.54.
856.B. C.54.
857. Lib. i. 26, 35, 45; ii. 23.
857. Lib. i. 26, 35, 45; ii. 23.
858. Ethics.
858. Ethics.
859. Lib. i. 27, 28; ii. 39.
859. Lib. i. 27, 28; ii. 39.
860. Lib. i. 29, 35, 45.
860. Lib. i. 29, 35, 45.
861. See Tac. Annal. I.
861. See Tac. Annal. I.
862. See Meyer’s Anthol. 67.
862. See Meyer’s Anthol. 67.
863. Hor. Od. ii. 1.
863. Hor. Od. ii. 1.
864. Hieron. in Eus. Ch.
864. Hieron. in Eus. Ch.
865. Catull. xii. 1.
865. Catull. xii. 1.
866.B. C.39.
866.B. C.39.
867. Tac. Ann. i. 12.
867. Tac. Ann. i. 12.
868. Plin. Ep. vii. 4; Suet. Cl. 41.
868. Plin. Ep. vii. 4; Suet. Cl. 41.
869. Sat. I. x.; Carm. ii. 1.
869. Sat. I. x.; Carm. ii. 1.
870. Ecl. iii. 86; viii.
870. Ecl. iii. 86; viii.
871. Dial. de Orat. 21.
871. Dial. de Orat. 21.
872. Lib. x. i. 113.
872. Lib. x. i. 113.
873. Ad. Fam. x. 31, 32, 33.
873. Ad. Fam. x. 31, 32, 33.
874. Lect. R. H. cvi.
874. Lect. R. H. cvi.
875. Plin. H. N. vii. 3; xxxv. 2.
875. Plin. H. N. vii. 3; xxxv. 2.
876. See Exc. in Delph. Cic.
876. See Exc. in Delph. Cic.
877.B. C.116.
877.B. C.116.
878. Cic. Brut. i. 56.
878. Cic. Brut. i. 56.
879. Cic. Acad. iii. 12.
879. Cic. Acad. iii. 12.
880. Cic. Phil. ii. 18.
880. Cic. Phil. ii. 18.
881. Cæs. B. G. i. 38; ii. 17.
881. Cæs. B. G. i. 38; ii. 17.
882. Cic. ad Fam. ix. 13.
882. Cic. ad Fam. ix. 13.
883.B. C.43.
883.B. C.43.
884. Plin. N. H. xxix. 4.
884. Plin. N. H. xxix. 4.
885. Quint. x. i. 95.
885. Quint. x. i. 95.
886. See Meyer’s Anthol. 78.
886. See Meyer’s Anthol. 78.
887. Meyer, Anthol. Rom. 34–51.
887. Meyer, Anthol. Rom. 34–51.
888. See ad Att. i. 3, 5, 10, 11, 14.
888. See ad Att. i. 3, 5, 10, 11, 14.
889.B. C.60.
889.B. C.60.
890. Ad Fam. v. 12; xv. 21, 6.
890. Ad Fam. v. 12; xv. 21, 6.
891. Ad Att. ix. 1.
891. Ad Att. ix. 1.
892. Consul,B. C.74.
892. Consul,B. C.74.
893. Ad Att. i. 19.
893. Ad Att. i. 19.
894. Cio. pro Arch.
894. Cio. pro Arch.
895. Cic. Brut. 62.
895. Cic. Brut. 62.
896. Ad Att. i. 19; Liv. iv. 23; x. 9.
896. Ad Att. i. 19; Liv. iv. 23; x. 9.
897. Hieron. Chron. Euseb.
897. Hieron. Chron. Euseb.
898. Præf. Epigr. i. 3.
898. Præf. Epigr. i. 3.
899. Gell. xv. 28.
899. Gell. xv. 28.
900. Cic. ad Att. xvi. 5.
900. Cic. ad Att. xvi. 5.
901. Lib. xvii. 21, 3.
901. Lib. xvii. 21, 3.
902. Lib. i. 3.
902. Lib. i. 3.
903. A. Gell. vii. 18; xxi. 8.
903. A. Gell. vii. 18; xxi. 8.
904. Ibid. xv. 28.
904. Ibid. xv. 28.
905. Lactant. Inst. Div. iii. 15.
905. Lactant. Inst. Div. iii. 15.
906. C. Nep. Vit. Dion. 3.
906. C. Nep. Vit. Dion. 3.
907.B. C.80.
907.B. C.80.
908. Suet. Cæs. 4; Cic. Att. ii. 1.
908. Suet. Cæs. 4; Cic. Att. ii. 1.
909. Brut. 91.
909. Brut. 91.
910.B. C.81.
910.B. C.81.
911.B. C.70.
911.B. C.70.
912.B. C.62.
912.B. C.62.
913. Germ. 28.
913. Germ. 28.
914. Annal. xiii. 3.
914. Annal. xiii. 3.
915. Suet. v. Jul. 55.
915. Suet. v. Jul. 55.
916. See Macr. Sat. i. 16.
916. See Macr. Sat. i. 16.
917. Ibid.
917. Ibid.
918.B. C.46.
918.B. C.46.
919.B. C.61.
919.B. C.61.
920. Suet. V. Jul. 44.
920. Suet. V. Jul. 44.
921. A. Gell. i. 22.
921. A. Gell. i. 22.
922. Merivale’s H. of R. ii. 422.
922. Merivale’s H. of R. ii. 422.
923. Suet. 44; Plin. H. N. vii. 31.
923. Suet. 44; Plin. H. N. vii. 31.
924. Cic. Brut. 72; Tac. Ann. xiii. 3; Quint. x. i. 114.
924. Cic. Brut. 72; Tac. Ann. xiii. 3; Quint. x. i. 114.
925. Meyer, Fr. Or. Rom. p. 404.
925. Meyer, Fr. Or. Rom. p. 404.
926. Nieb. Lect. R. H. xcv.
926. Nieb. Lect. R. H. xcv.
927. See Dodwell’s Dissert. in Cæs. Ed. Var.
927. See Dodwell’s Dissert. in Cæs. Ed. Var.
928. The friendship which existed between these great men furnishes an anecdote (Suet. V. J. C. 72) characteristic of the most amiable feature in Cæsar’s character, his devoted and hearty attachment to those whom he loved. Once, when they were journeying together, they reached a cottage, in which only one room was to be procured; Oppius was ill, and Cæsar gave up the room to his sick friend, whilst he bivouacked in the open air.
928. The friendship which existed between these great men furnishes an anecdote (Suet. V. J. C. 72) characteristic of the most amiable feature in Cæsar’s character, his devoted and hearty attachment to those whom he loved. Once, when they were journeying together, they reached a cottage, in which only one room was to be procured; Oppius was ill, and Cæsar gave up the room to his sick friend, whilst he bivouacked in the open air.
929. Lect. R. H. xcv.
929. Lect. R. H. xcv.
930. See Niebuhr, Lect. R. H.
930. See Niebuhr, Lect. R. H.
931. Smith’s Dict. in loco.
931. Smith’s Dict. in loco.
932. Brut. 71, 72, 75.
932. Brut. 71, 72, 75.
933. Præf. to book viii.
933. Præf. to book viii.
934. Suet. 56.
934. Suet. 56.
935. Juv. vi. 338; Suet. 56; Gell. iv. 16; Cic. Div. ii. 9.
935. Juv. vi. 338; Suet. 56; Gell. iv. 16; Cic. Div. ii. 9.
936. Ad Att. xii. 40, 41, 44, 45; xiii. 37, 40, 48, 50.
936. Ad Att. xii. 40, 41, 44, 45; xiii. 37, 40, 48, 50.
937. Cic. Brut. 72.
937. Cic. Brut. 72.
938. See Nieb. L. R. H. xcv.; Suet. 66; Cic. ad Fam. ix. 16.
938. See Nieb. L. R. H. xcv.; Suet. 66; Cic. ad Fam. ix. 16.
939. Meyer’s Lat. Anthol. 68, 69, 70.
939. Meyer’s Lat. Anthol. 68, 69, 70.
940. A. Gellius tells us (xvii. 9) that he was the author of Letters to Oppius, written in cipher, of which he gives the following interesting description:—“Erat conventum inter eos clandestinum de commutando situ literarum ut inscriptio quidem alia alius locum et nomen teneret sed in legendo locus cuique suus et potestas restitueretur.” Suetonius (Vit. Cæs. 56) describes in the same way the nature of the cipher which he used, and illustrates it by saying that he used to putdfora, and so forth.
940. A. Gellius tells us (xvii. 9) that he was the author of Letters to Oppius, written in cipher, of which he gives the following interesting description:—“Erat conventum inter eos clandestinum de commutando situ literarum ut inscriptio quidem alia alius locum et nomen teneret sed in legendo locus cuique suus et potestas restitueretur.” Suetonius (Vit. Cæs. 56) describes in the same way the nature of the cipher which he used, and illustrates it by saying that he used to putdfora, and so forth.