Abbasside family,42,43.Abdallah,45.Abd-er-Rahman I,42,43,49,50.Abd-er-Rahman II,44.Abd-er-Rahman III,45,47,49,50,54,57.Abdul Malik,46,58.Aben-Hayyán,103.Abu Abdallah.SeeBoabdil.Abul Cassim Mohammed,69.Abul Hassan,204.Academy, the.See Real Academia Española.Academy of Fine Arts.See Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando.Academy of History.See Real Academia de la Historia.Achila,32.Acosta,347.Acquaviva,356.Acuña, Fernando de,203.Adelantados,90,93,154-156,197,199,200,222.Adrian, Cardinal.SeeAdrian VI.Adrian VI, Pope,238,239,317.Affonso Enríquez of Portugal,75,76.Africa,6,8,10,17,19,28,32,39,40,42-45,69-71,77,121,136,172,196,205,206,208,214,217,223,235,236,241,242,249,250,252,260,265,268,277,279,280,379,390,513.SeeAlgiers, Morocco,Tripoli, Tunis.Ágreda, María de Jesús,310.Agrippa,18.Alans,26-28.Alarcón, the navigator,349.Alarcón, the novelist,515.Alarcos, battle of,71,76.Alaric,27.Álava,117,134,135,197-200.Alba, dukes of,251,252,323,428.Albéniz,516.Alberoni,374,375,377,434,439,444,451.Albigenses,79,80.Alburquerque,118,119.Alcabala, the,157,175,216,225,227,237,278,295,297,336,453.Alcalá, ordinance of,142,160,163,226,441; university of,230,312,340,474.Alcaldes,92,93,154,159,174,222,432,433,446,473.Alcántara, order of,94,219,220.Alcaraz,450.Alcudia,430; Duke of:SeeGodoy.Alegre,482.Alexander III, Pope,76.Alexandrian school,102,103.Alfieri,482.Alfonso, Prince,115.Alfonso (another), Prince,123,124.Alfonso I of Aragon,74,75,78,79.Alfonso II of Aragon,79,110.Alfonso III of Aragon,127,128.Alfonso IV of Aragon,129.Alfonso V of Aragon,132,148,167,170,188-191,207,212.Alfonso I of Asturias and León,54,55.Alfonso II of Asturias and León,55,56.Alfonso III of Asturias and León,57.Alfonso IV of Asturias and León (925-930).Omitted.Alfonso V of Asturias and León,58.Alfonso VI of León and Castile,70-74,95.Alfonso VII of León and Castile,74-76.Alfonso VIII of Castile,71,75-77,79,106,112,135.Alfonso IX of León,76,77,106.Alfonso X of Castile (and León),112-116,142,144,146,152,153,155,156,160-164,174,181,185,226.Alfonso XI of Castile (and León),116-119,129-131,135,138,153,156,157,159,162,163,165,174.Alfonso XII of Spain,503,505,506,508.Alfonso XIII of Spain,506,509-511.Algarve,113,407; Prince of:SeeGodoy.Algeciras,10,32.Algiers,242,356,390.Alhambra, the,201,205.Alicante,450,468.Aljubarrota, battle of,121.Almansor,45,46,48,51,54,57,58.Almería, city and province of,2,69,71.Almohades, ix,70,71,75-77,84,85,87,102,104,113.SeeMoslems.Almoravides,69,70,72,73,84,87,102,104.SeeMoslems.Alomar,515.Altamira, Rafael,335,516,525.Alvarado,347.Álvarez, General,491.Álvarez, the sculptor,485.Álvarez Quintero, the brothers,515,516.Amadeo, King, of Spain,503,504.Amadís de Gaula,145,185,232,355.Amalia, Queen, of Spain,472.Amelot,374,434.American Revolution,383,384,399.Americans.SeeUnited States.Americas, the.SeeSpanish America.Amigos del País,462,474.Andalusia and the Andalusians,2,3,9,11,19,38,39,44,67,71,79,138,156,180,203,204,211,229,268,280,284,327,364,365,431,460,462,464,466,490,516,518,520,522.Anglada,516.Anian, Strait of,476.Anjou, House of,128,132,207.SeeCharlesof Anjou.Anson, George,381.Antonio, Julio,516.Antonio, Nicolás,347.Antonio of Crato,251-253.Arabs, the,32,39-52,59,71,84,107,108,182,183,185,188,200,248,277,278,309,363.SeeMoslems.Aragón, Alfonso de,216.Aragon (kingdom and province of) and theAragonese,2,44,45,54,56,58,64-66,68,71,74,75,78-82,96-101,106,109-111,115,117,119,120,122,124-134,146-150,155,166-173,176-179,187-193,195,203,206,208,209,211-215,217,219,221-224,227,229,231,234,235,244,252,253,263,268,272-277,280,288-290,296,301,311,325,411,412,422,427,429,431,432,435,453,460,476.Aranda, Count of,389,393,394,402,420,423,428,435,436,451,472.Aranjuez,408,423,450,492.Archivo General de Indias,476,481.Argentina,389,523.Argote y Góngora.SeeGóngora.Arian creed,27,30,31,36.Aristotle,103,184.Arjona,71.Arlegui,482.Armada, the Spanish,253,255,256,287.Armada de Barlovento,299.Armenteira,164.Arniches, Carlos,515.Arriaga,Cofradíaof,135,197.Arriaga, Julián de,436.Arricivita,482.Arrieta. Bartolomé de,300,441.Arrieta, the composer,515.Arteaga,479.Arthur, King, of England,185.Artois,235.Asia,7,262.SeeAsia Minor.Asia Minor,8,129.SeeAsia.Asiento, the,370,371,380,381,385,456.Asso,481.Assyria and the Assyrians,7,10.Astorga,20.Asturias, Princes of,121,426.Asturias and the Asturians,11,53-57,60-64,135,180,327,431,434-436,460.Ataulf,27,28.Athanagild,29.Athens,129,131,190.Atlantic Ocean,1,229,260,328,385.Audiencias,155,156,222,292,293,311,321,429-433,437.Augsburg, Diets of,243.Augustinians,312,314.Augustus,18,20.Austerlitz, battle of,407.Austria, House of.SeeHapsburg.Austria and the Austrians,207,235,236,244,368,369,372,375-379,381,402,407,496.Autos de fe,223,224.Avendaño, Francisco de,353.Averröes,103,110,188.Avignon,120,131,168.Ávila,23,239,464.Ayacucho, battle of,488.Ayala, Pedro Lópes de.SeeLópez de Ayala.Ayala, the dramatist,515.Ayala, the navigator,479.Ayora, Gonzalo de,226.Ayuntamientos,159,290,413,426,429,432,433.Az-Zahra, palace of,49.Azcárate,525.Azcoytia,450.“Azorín,”515.Bacon, Francis,342.Badajoz, city and province of,2,20,69-71,405.Baegert,482.Bahama Islands,397,398.Baja California,476.Balearic Islands,19,69,81,100.SeeIbiza, Majorca, Minorca.Baltic Sea,189.Barba, Alonso,350.Barbarossa,242.Barbary Coast.SeeAfrica, Algiers, Morocco, Tripoli, Tunis.Barca family,12-14.Barcelona, city of,12,22,28,64,99,125,133,147-149,168-170,172,173,177-179,188,215,216,221,229,263,264,286,329,372,417,423,429,431,451,460,466,484,512;