395.Grotius,344.Guadalajara,54,450.Guadalquivir River,1-3,5,49.Guadalupe, Sentence of,212.Guadarrama Mountains.SeeCarpeto-Vetónica Mountains.Guadiana River,2.Guastalla,381.Guatemala,478.Guerrero,366.Guesclin, Bertrand du,120.Guimerá,515.Guipúzcoa,134,135,197-200,274,284,301,429,460.Gutiérres de Santa Clara,347.Guzmán, Domingo de.SeeDominic.Guzmán, Leonor de,118.Guzmán el Bueno,114,115.Guzmán family,138,152.Gypsies, the,275,276,414.Hadrian,20.Hakem I,43,44.Hakem II,45,57.Hamilcar,12.Hannibal,12-14.Hapsburg, House of,113,207,234-236,241,243,244,246,260,268-271,276,284,287,293,303,316,331,332,368,374,411,426,432,443,446,452,454,455,473,506.Harcourt,270.Harrach,270.Hasdrubal, the elder,12-13.Hasdrubal, the younger,13.Havana,386,387,395.Hawkins, John,253.Hayti,403.Hebrew literature,188,230,352.SeeJews.Heceta,479.Henry, Prince, of Portugal,189.Henry I of Castile,76.Henry II of Castile (and León),118-121,138,140,186.Henry III of Castile (and León),121,122,135,138,186.Henry IV of Castile (and León),122-124,134,138,139,143,164,204,210.Henry VIII of England,207,208,235.Henry IV of France,248,260.Henry of Lorraine,74.Henry I of Portugal,251,252.Henry of Trastamara.SeeHenry II of Castile (and León).Hermandades,92,141,155,158,220,223.Hermenegild,30.Herrera, Juan de,361,362.Herrera, the historian,347.Herrera, the painter,366.Hevía,347.Hidalgos,211,273,274,295,298,411-414,419,434.Hillo, Pepe,422.Hinojosa,516.Hippocrates,350.Hisham I,43.Hisham II,45,46,69.Hisham III,46,68.Hispano-Romans,18-21,24,25,28-31,33-36,47,50.Hittites, the,8.Hobbes,428.Hohenstaufen, House of,126.Holland.SeeLow Countries, Protestant Netherlands.Holy Roman Emperors.SeeHoly Roman Empire.Holy Roman Empire,75,112,113,126,153,207,209,235,244,269,270,369,371.Homer,185,356.Honduras,385-387,395,397,398.Honores,138.Honrats,169,170.Hoyos,356.Huesca,450.Humanism,230,231,343,347,351-353,356.Humboldt, Alexander von,448,478,483.Hume,345,428.Hungary,26,242.Huns,27.Ibáñez, Blasco,515,516.Iberian Mountains,2.Iberian Peninsula,1,5-7.Iberians, the,7-10,12,14.Ibiza,10,81.Iglesias,515.Ignatius, Saint.SeeLoyola.Ilerda, battle of,18.Iliberis,22.Illo, Pepe.SeeHillo.Illuminism,308,309,314,457.SeeChurch.Incas, the,281.Index, the,307,311,319,428,455.India,50,229.Indians,60,272,275,296,353,391,449,518.Iñigo Arista,56.Innocent III, Pope,76,80.Inquisition, the,202,206,210,214-216,221-224,231,248-250,263,276-278,293,304,305,307,309-312,314,315,319,360,428,439,444-449,455-457,494.SeeChurch.Insúa, Alberto,515.Irish, the,264,315.Isabel, Princess,121.Isabella I of Castile (and León),111,123,124,133,134,139,154,202-230,242,272,276,287,290,292-294,300,306,316,325,332,350,383.Isabella II of Spain,498-503,506.Isidore, Saint,37,107.Isla,483.Islam,43.SeeMohammedanism.Itálica,20.Italy, the Italians, and Italian influences,6,8,13,17,27,78,100,105,109,110,125-127,132,167,172,177,178,181,182,184,185,187,188,190,191,195,202,203,207-209,214,218,219,229-231,233-236,241-244,247,258,260,261,264,268,297,300,308,312,316,318,320,339,351-353,355-357,359,362-364,366,374-382,434,444,470,471,482-485,487,518.Jaén,114.Jaime I of Aragon,68,80-82,97-100,109-112,125,150,167,173,192.Jaime II of Aragon,127,128,167.Jaime II of Majorca,82,126,127,192.Jaime of Urgel,131,132,168.Jamaica,385.James, Saint,55.James I of England,254,259.Janda, battle of,32.Jansenists,443,456.Japanese, the,353.Jay, John,397.Jena, battle of,407.Jenkins,380.Jerez,347.Jerusalem,55,312.Jesuits,266,304,310,312-315,323,341,359,391,443,444,448-453,456,473,474,478,480,483.SeeChurch.Jews, the,31,32,36,39,41,42,47,84,86,87,96,98,102-105,143,147,149,150,158,160,175,176,182,183,188,193-196,210,213-216,221,229,266,280,304,308,315,332,414,456,457.SeeMarranos.Jiménez de Cisneros.SeeXiménez.Jiménez de Rada, Rodrigo,107.Jiménez de Urrea, Miguel,189.João IV of Portugal,267.SeeBraganza.John, Don, of Austria.SeeJuan of Austria.John of Gaunt,121.Joseph, King, of Spain,409,488,490.Jovellanos,415,436,447,459,472,474,475,480,481.Juan, Jorge,476,478.Juan, Prince, of Castile,114-116.Juan I of Aragon,131,148,167,188,189.Juan II of Aragon,132-134,148,170,171,195,206,212.Juan of Austria,249-251,254.Juan of Austria (another),268,269.Juan I of Castile (and León),121,140,154,167,186.Juan II of Castile (and León),122,123,139,154,156,161,181.Juana Enríquez of Castile,132-134.Juana la Beltraneja,123,124,203.Juana la Loca,207-209,235,244.Judaizantes,215.SeeMarranos.Jumilla,450.Junot,407.Junta Central,492.Junta de Comercio y Moneda,330,468.Junta de Moneda.SeeJunta de Comercioy Moneda.Justicia, the,97,125,126,128,130,166.Justinian,29,97,163,184,301,441.Juzgado de Imprenta,428.Kino, Eusebio,482.Koran, the,48,49.La Bisbal,177.La Celestina,232,356.La Mancha,2,3,228,280,460.Labrit family,240.Lafita, Juan,516.Lancaster, Duke of.SeeJohn of Gaunt.Lanza, Silverio,515.Lanzas,295.Las Casas, Bartolomé de,347,358,518.Las Mesas,450.Latifundia,138,144,281,325,327,336,464,522.Latin language,36,50,63,106,107,184,185,189,197,230-232,307,341,346,350-353,359.SeeRome.Latins,15.SeeRome.Lauria, Roger de,127.Lee, Arthur,395.Leocadia, Saint,22.León, city of,20,56,57,361.León, Ricardo,515.León (kingdom and province of) and the Leonese,56-58,60-64,69-77,85-97,104-110,161,162,180,491.León Pinelo,347.Leonor of Navarre,134.Leopold of Hohenzollern,503.Leovgild,29,30,35.Lepanto, battle of,249,356.Lérida,18,78,110.Lerma, Duke of,259,266.Lesage,483.Letrados,154,156,221,272,274,300.Leyes de Toro,217,227,