281,301,441.Liberalism,489,495-503,506,508,509,514.Limosna al rey,295.Limpieza de sangre,216,315,417.Linares Rivas,515.Lisbon,255,265.Livy,185,186,347.Llorente,481.Lobeira, Vasco de,185,232.Locke,428.Loire River,28.London,365,389,393,403.Lope de Vega.SeeVega.López de Ayala, Pedro,139,152,186.López de Chinchilla, Garcí,203.López de Gómara,347,350.López de Haro,479.López de Velasco, Juan,347,348.Lords.SeeChurch, Nobles.Loreto,55.Louis IX of France,77.Louis XII of France,208.Louis XIV of France,262,269-271,369,371,373-375,425.Louis XV of France,375,377,378,389.Louis XVI of France,396,401-403,496.Louis the Pious,55.Louisiana,387,405,406.Low Countries, the,209,234,235,244,247,250-252,254-256,258,259,261,267,269,296,312,374,376,455.SeeCatholic Netherlands, Flanders, Protestant Netherlands.Loyola, Ignacio de,311,312.Lucan,24,185.Lucas of Tuy,107.Lucero,224.Lucian,356.Lugo,20.Luis I of Spain,377,378,426.Lull, Raymond,110,188,309.Luna, Álvaro de,122,123,139.Luna, Pedro de.SeeBenedict XIII.Lusitania and the Lusitanians,8,9,16,17,57.Luther, Martin,307,309.Luxembourg,235.Luzán, Ignacio de,482.Machado (two),515.Madrid,255,263,270,283,286,291,329,331,341,354,365,370,408-410,421-423,435,450,451,455,460,468,469,473,478,479,484,490,491,508;ordinance of,160.Maeztu,515.Magellan, Strait of,388.Mahomet,39.Mahomet-ben-Abdallah-abu-Amir.SeeAlmansor.Mahón, Port,381.Maimónides,103.Majismo,421,424,486.Majorca and the Majorcans,81,82,109,126,131,172,187,189,190,192-196,240,274,275,290,293,359,427,430-432,437.Málaga, city and province of,2,10,68,69.Malaspina,476.Malouines Islands.SeeFalkland Islands.Malta,249;knights of,404.Maluinas Islands.SeeFalkland Islands.Manfred of Athens,129.Manfred of Sicily,126.Manila,386-388.Manuel I of Portugal,252.Maragall,515,516.Marcus Aurelius,20.María Ana of Austria,269,284.María Cristina, Queen, of Spain,506.María Cristina of Naples.SeeCristina (Queen).María Luisa, Queen,402,404,405,407-409,412,424,448,455.María Luisa of Savoy,374.María of Aragon,148,149.María of Portugal,247.María Teresa of Spain,262,270.María Victoria of Portugal,392.Mariana,345-347.Mariánica Mountains,2.Marie de Medici,260.Marinas,516.Marius,17.Marmontel,482.Marquina,515.Marquises,211,221,273.Marranos,143,158,189,193,214,215.SeeJews, Judaizantes.Marseilles,11.Martel, Charles,42.Martial,24.Martín I of Aragon.131,148,167.Martínez de la Mata,344.Martínez Marina,481.Martínez Sierra,515,516.Martyr, Peter,230,232.Mary, Queen, of England,244,247,253,342.Mary Stuart,254.Masdeu,480,481.Mathei,388.Maura, Antonio,511,512.Mauretania,19.Maurice of Saxony,243.Maximilian I, the Emperor,235,237.Mayáns, Gregorio,480.Media anata, the,295,413.Medici, Marie de.SeeMarie.Medina,476.Medina del Campo,328,329.Medina Sidonia, dukes of,138,211,255,267,268.Mediterranean Sea,1,2,6,8,10,12,45,66,81,102,105,109,129-132,158,170-172,177,178,195,206,229,249,260,325,328.Meléndez Valdés,483.Melilla,206,390.Melón,164.Mendieta,347.Mendoza, Pedro de,216,227.Menéndez, the painter,485.Menéndez Pidal,515.Menéndez y Pelayo,515,516.Mengs,485.Mercado,350.Mercator,348.Mérida,20,22,32,40,44.Merinos,90,92,93,154-156,199.Merlin,185.Mesa,515.Mesenghi,445,447.Mesta, the,104,105,155,174,227-229,282,325,327,416,463,465.Metaurus, battle of the,13.Mexico,296,478,500,523.SeeNew Spain.Meyra,164.Milá Fontanals,515.Milan,207,209,241,267,372.Milicias, the,453.Military orders.SeeAlcántara, Calatrava, Church, Malta, Nobles, Saint John, Santiago, Templars.Millones, the,294,297.Milton,482.Mina,491.Minorca,81,195,371,376,379,381,382,386,396-398,406.Mirabeau,428.Miralles,397.Miranda, Marquis of,428.Mississippi River,387,398.Mociño,477.Moderates, the,496,498,499.Moguls, the,121.Mohammedanism,39-41,43,47-49,51,59,69-72,217,248,277.SeeMoslems.Molina, María de,115,116.Molina, the botanist,477.Molinism.SeeQuietism.Molinos, Miguel de,309.Mombeltrán,450.Mondoñedo,164.Moñino, José.SeeFloridablanca.Montaigne,343,482.Montalvo, Alfonso Díaz de.SeeDíaz.Montalvo, Garcí Ordóñez de.SeeOrdóñez.Montañés,362.Montano, Arias,314,352.Montepíos,417,463.Montesquieu,428.Montfort, Simon de,80,81.Montiel, battle of,120.Moors.SeeAlmohades, Moslems.Morales, Ambrosio de,346,347.Morales, the composer,366.Morales, the treasurer,224.Moratín, Leandro Fernández de,483,484.Moratín, Nicolás Fernández de,483.Moreno Carbonero,516.Moriscos,205,213,242,248,249,272,275-280,304,308,327,334,336.Morocco,70,82,113,117,383,390,414,456,500,511,513.SeeAfrica.Morote,515.Moslems, the,5,19,26,32,33,38-59,63,64,66-73,75-79,81,84,85,87,88,92,94,96,98,102-105,111-113,115-117,123,126,135,136,138,142,158,172,174,178-183,188,195,196,200,201,204-206,213,216,225,229,241,242,247-249,275,279,280,284,285,295,299,315,324,332,334,338,363,66,390,414,456,513,518,520,522.SeeAlmohades, Almoravides, Arabs, Benimerines, Berbers, Granada, Islam, Mohammedanism, Moriscos, Morocco, Mudéjares, Muladíes, Renegados, Shiites, Sunnites, Syrians.Mota Padilla,482.Moura, Cristóbal de,252.Mozárabes,47,49,50,55,59,79,84,86,87,96,98,105.SeeGothic rite.Mozart,487.Mudarites.SeeShiites.Mudéjar architecture,108,109,187.Mudéjares, the,86,87,96-98,100,102,105,142,143,147,149,150,158,160,175,183,193,196,200,205,210,213,214,272,276,277,304,308.Mühlberg, battle of,243.Muladíes,41.SeeRenegados.Munda, battle of,18.Muñoz, Gil,168.Muñoz, the historian,481.Muñoz Degrain,515.Muñoz San Román,515.Murat,408,409.Murcia, city of,77,437,450;province of,2,44,50,79,81,280,435.Murillo,365,366,485.Musa,32,33.Mutis,477.Mysticism,309,310,343,359.SeeChurch.Nájera,91.Naples, city of,132,188,231;kingdom of,126,132,171,189,191,195,207,208,235,268,364,372,379,380,384,447,449,452,456,472,497.Napoleon I of France,399,400,404-410,439,488-492,494,497.Narbonne,29.Narváez,500-502.National Assembly, the French,400,401,493.Navalcarnero,450.Navarre,55-59,64-66,71,