476,481.Reales,225.Reccared,30,31,36.Recceswinth,31,35.Recopilación de las Leyes de Indias,301.Reformation, the,207,236,240,304,306,342.SeeChurch, Counter-Reformation, Protestantism.Regency, the,492,493.Regidores,429,432,433.Reguera, Juan de la,441.Reid,343.Renaissance,103,125,149,184,185,188,189,231,233,285,338,341,351,361,363.Rendón,397.Renegados, the,41,43-45,47,59,71,84,200.SeeMoslems.Republicans, the,503-505,510,511.Requesens,251.Residencia, the,220,306,433.Revilla Gigedo,482.Rhine River,26.Rhodes,195.Ribera, Juan de,279.Ribera, the painter,364-366.Richelieu,261.Ricoshombres,128,211,273.Riego,496.Riepto, the,157,170,222.Ripperdá, Baron of,378,379,434.Rochford, Lord,393.Rocroy, battle of,261,262.Roderic,32,33,53.Rodríguez Marín,515.Roelas,366.Rojas, Fernando de,232,356.Roland,43.Romans,12-28,34,36,37,51,52,64,88,362,484.SeeRome.Rome, city of,27,55,79,168,308,311,312,316,318,319,322,342,349,356,424,443,451,452;law of,20-22,24,26,33,35,63,97,99,105,106,113,138,143,144,147,149-151,156,163,171,181,184,189,210,217,281,301,305,344,415-417,441,450;republic and empire of,12-28,33,36.SeeByzantine Romans, Hispano-Romans, Latin language, Latins, Papal States, Romans.Romanesque architecture,107,110.Roncesvalles,43.Ronda,18.Ronsard,482.Rooke,371.Rossini,487.Rousseau,428,474.Roussillon, the,82,134,192,206,207,235,262,264.Rudolph of Hapsburg, Count,113.Rueda, Lope de,353,356.Rueda, Salvador,515.Rueda, town of,70.Ruiz, Lieutenant,410.Ruiz, the botanist,477.Ruiz de Luzuriaga,478.Rusiñol,515,516.Russia,496.Saavedra, Diego de,350.Saavedra, the minister,436.Sacramento,386,387,391,392,435,449.Saguntum,12,13.Sahagún, the historian,347.Sahagún, town of,86.Sahara Desert,69.Said Armesto,515.Saint John, order of,170.Salado, battle of the,117,131,136.Salamanca, city of,95,450;university of,106,181,312,340,350,428.Salcedo,350.Salcillo,485.Salic law,427,498.Salmerón,504,505.Sallust,185.Salvá,478.San Ildefonso,450.San Lúcar,450.San Marcos of León,361.San Onofre,318.San Pablo of Valladolid,233.San Sebastián,284.San Telmo of Seville,362.Sánchez, Julián,491.Sancho García of Navarre,56.Sancho I of Asturias and León,57.Sancho II of Castile,73.Sancho III of Castile (1157-1158). Omitted.Sancho IV of Castile (and León),114,115,138,154.Sancho the Fat.SeeSancho I of Asturias and León.Sancho the Great of Navarre,58,66,71,78,135.Santa Fe,205.Santa Tecla,392.Santiago.SeeCompostela.Santiago, order of,94,219,220.Santo Domingo,403.Saragossa,20,22,23,43,69,70,73,78,167,177,216,329,431,450,491.Saratoga,395.Sardinia, island and kingdom of,128,129,131,132,171,235,262,372,376,402.Sarmiento,478.Savary,409.Savoy,370,372,374,376,503,504;Duke of,374.Scandinavia,27,177.Scipio, Gnæus,13.Scipio, Publius Cornelius,13.Scipio Æmilianus,17.Scipio Africanus, Publius Cornelius,13,14.Scotland and the Scotch,254,255.Scylax,7.Sebastian I of Portugal,251,252.Segovia,156.Segoyuela, battle of,33.Segundones,138,220,273.Seneca,24,184.Serrano, General,503.Serrano, the composer,516.Sertorius,17,18.Servet, Miguel,308.Servilianus,16,17.Sessé,477.Setenario, the,162.Seven Years War,382,386-388.Severo, Saint,22.Seville,10,20,36-38,45,50,68,69,73,77,81,95,105,138,143,149,152,164,174,180,187,215,223,265,284,286,307,325,328,329,353,361,362,366,423,431,460,466,476,492,521,524.Shiites,40,42,44.“Sicilian vespers,” the,126,129.Sicily,6,7,12,126-129,131,132,171,189,235,268,372,376,377,379.Sierra Morena,462.SeeMariánica Mountains.Sierra Nevada.SeePenibética Mountains.Siete Partidas.SeePartidas.Sigüenza,164.Siliceo,314.Simancas,342,476.Sisebut,31.Sixtus V, Pope,318.Smith, Adam,344.Solariegos,212.Solís,347.Solórzano,344,347,358.Somodevilla.SeeEnsenada.Soria, ordinance of,160;town of,17.Sorolla,516.Sotomayor,516.South America,370,390-392,476,479.SeeSpanish America.“Span,”10.“Spania,”10.Spanish America,5,38,39,99,112,140,151,155,156,202,203,206,210,219-223,227,229-231,234-236,241,244-246,251,253,257-259,262,272,274,275,279,284,285,293,296-299,301,303-306,312,313,322,324,325,327,328,330-332,334,336-339,341,343,344,347-350,352,353,358-361,368-372,378,380,381,384-387,390-395,397-401,403,406,408,414,424,431,435,442,443,451-453,458,466-471,476-479,481,482,485,486,488,489,492-497,506,508,510,513,523.Spanish Main, the,253.Spanish Mark, the,56.Spencer,344.Spínola, Ambrosio,259-261.Spires, Diets of,243.Squillace,420,450.Stanhope,270.Stuart, Mary.SeeMary Stuart.Suárez de Peralta,347.Suevians, the,27-30,34,37.Sulla,17,18.Sunnites,40,42-44.Sweden,189,269,379.Swinthila,31.Switzerland and the Swiss,3,209,285.Syria and the Syrians,39,42.SeeMoslems.Tagus River,2,332.Taifas,68-72,75,84,102,504.Talavera, Hernando de,214,227.Talavera, town of,54,155.Tamayo,515.Tamerlane,121.Tanucci,472.Tarazona,189.Tarifa,2,32,72,114,115,117.Tarik,32,33.Tavera,246.Taverner,430.Téllez, Gabriel,354.Téllez Girón, Pedro,139.Tello,347.Templars, order of the,94,139.Tenreiro,515.Tercias reales,140.Teresa de Jesús, Saint,310,311.Teresa of Portugal,74,75.Theodoric,28,29.Theodosius,20.Theotocopuli, Domenico.SeeEl Greco.Thirty Years War,260-262.Tierras,138.Tirso de Molina.SeeTéllez (Gabriel).Titian,363.Tobarra,450.Toledo, archbishops of,124,164,167,205,216,307,314,322;city and province of,2,22,29,30,32,33,43-45,54,69,72,78,95,107,155,164,187,217,223,237-239,364.Tolstoy,344.Tordesillas, town of,239;treaty of,253,391.Tories,393.Toro, Laws of (SeeLeyes de Toro);ordinances of,160.Torquemada, Juan de,215.Torquemada, the historian,347.Torres Lanzas,516.Torres Naharro,353.Torrigiani,452.Tortosa,69,78.Toulouse,28,75,81.Tours, battle of,42.Towns,62-64,87,89,91-93,97-100,104,105,108,111,114,115,