Aa, gifts to,223Abba-dugga,313Abi-ishar, seal of,246Abû Habba, site of Sippar,8f.;excavations at,37,223;objects and inscriptions from,204,206,212,218,223,235,250,309f.Abû Hatab, site of Kisurra,9;excavations at,28ff.;plan of,29;inscribed brick from,284;contracted burials at,331Abû Khuwâsîj,31Abû Shahrain, site of Eridu,35;excavations at,35f.; plan of,36Abydos,323f.,332;recent diggings at,324,326f.,332Abyssinia,334Abzu-banda,111,189f.Abzu-ega,190Accounts, tablets of,169,177,284,293Achaemenian kings,337Adab, site of,9,97,163;excavations at,30;in relation to Euphrates,11;its commercial relations with Lagash,238;destruction of,31f.;see alsoBismâyaAdamdun, situation of,290;patesis of,292Adda-Pakshu, sukkal of Elam,306f.;tablets from period of,336Addatur,113Adhem,7,287Aegean, sites,81;Asiatic coast of,347;sea-rovers of,347Aegean culture, stages of,1;its early connection with Egypt,341;traces of Babylonian influence in,322,345ff.;wild comparisons between Aegean and Babylonian art,344f.Aenragin,171'Afej marshes,85f.Agade, older name of Akkad,14;site of,37;Sargon of,216ff.;seeAkkadAgathias,312Agia Paraskevi,344Aha, mastaba-tomb of,323'Akarkûf,38Akhush,189f.Akkad, city, site of,37;early centre of Semitic settlement,53;in relation to Kish,210f.,214f.,228,231f.,249;in relation to Elam,226;"sons," or citizens, of,208,211;siege of,240;Dynasty of,216ff,252ff.,351f.;in relation to the Dynasty of Ur,253;kings of Sumer and,362Akkad, land, limits of,6f.,12f.;name of,13ff.,17;inhabitants of,40ff.;Semitic immigration into,203;system of land tenure in,95;influence of art of,66;early relations with Elam,214,244;cultural connections with Elam,335ff.Akkadian, the Semitic speech of Babylonia,52f.Akkadians, the Semitic inhabitants of Northern Babylonia,4;former use of the term,4Akkadû,14Akki,232Akurgal, patesi of Lagash,117f.;sculptured figures of,112ff.;in chronological table,360Al[...], king of Kish,141;in chronological table,360Al-Batîha,8Al-Gimil-Sin, "the City of Gimil-Sin,"301Aliakhu,208Alla, patesi of Lagash,296;in chronological table,362Alla, resident in Lagash,237Alloys, evidence as to use of,73f.Alluvium, limit of Babylonian,7Alu-usharshid, a former reading of the name Urumush or Rimush,203Amageshtin, temple of,190Amal, temple of,226,232Amananu, governor of Sippar,316Amanus,261Amat-Bati,171Amattar-sirsirra,184Ambar Su,244Amiaud, Arthur,18,20,109Ammi-zaduga,307Amorite invasion, disproved in reign of Libit-Ishtar,284Amurru (Martu), a West Semitic god,344Amurru, the Western Semites,55;origin of,55Amurru, the Western Land,261,300,321;Sargon's conquest of,225,233f.;its king deported,244;slaves from,238;relation of kings of Isin to,311,315f.;Babylonian influence in and beyond,322Ana,194,196,198;see alsoAnuAnatolia,346f.Anau, excavations at,2,351,355f.;potsherds from,341,355f.;terra-cotta figurines from,342,356;wheat and barley found in earliest stratum at,332,357Andrae, W.,11,22ff.,28f.,78,330Anikurra,112Animal cults, Egyptian,334Animal forms, Sumerian treatment of,80Animal motives, on Elamite painted pottery,341f.;on proto-Elamite seal-impressions,342Anita,112ff.,116Anshan, its conquest by Manishtusu,224,231,244;its conquest by Gudea,279,289;alliance of Dungi's daughter with the patesi of,287;its conquest by Dungi,288;officials for,290;a patesi of,292;captivity of Ibi-Sin in,304;its success against Ur,308;its defeat by Anu-mutabil,308Antasurra,146,189f.Antimony,73f.Anu,48,104,275;see alsoAnaAnu-banini, king of Lulubu,250Anu-mutabil, governor of Dêr,308Anunitu,226,232,268Anunpad,113Anzanite inscriptions,206,212Apirak,241,243Apil-Sin, contracts of reign of,316Arabesque pattern, on Sumerian sealing,176Arabia,242,251,258,261,323,358Arabian desert,6Arad-Nannar, patesi of Lagash,301f.;in chronological table,362Archers, in the army of Ur,286Architect, Gudea as,260f.,269Archive-chambers, at Tello,293Ark, of bulrushes,232Armanu,242Art, comparison of early Sumerianand Akkadian,228f.;of Kish and Akkad,230Arua,149ff.Asar, Osiris,325Asari, Sumerian god,325Ashnunnak, or Tupliash,306;under Manishtusu,212;patesis of,306Ashukhu-wood,261Ashur,287Ashur-bani-pal,12,204f.;tablets from Library of,4,59,217,299,303f.Asia Minor,342,347,358;Central,54,351ff.Askhabad,351,355Asphalt,261;see alsoBitumenAsses, for chariots,162;House of the,259Assyria,7Assyrian kings, their policy of deportation,240Assyrians, sculpture of,68ff.;omen-literature of,206Astrological texts,217Asukhur Canal,109,149f.Axe, Sumerian form of,137Az,150f.,290Azupirânu,232Bab el-Mandeb, Straits of,323Babbar,84,124,127,129,148,194,281Babishue,301Babylon,13,38,309;excavations at,37;pot-burials and early remains at,30,37;Sargon's buildings at,226,236;Dungi's sack of,281ff.,285;in relation to the Dynasty of Isin,63f.,313ff.;rise of,319;in relation to the Dynasty of the Sea-country,62f.;her struggle with Larsa,318f.;her position in later history,319f.Babylonia, in the Neolithic period,2;relics of prehistoric culture in,342;her early cultural influence,321ff.;in relation to Egypt,322ff.,334f.;in relation to Elam,335ff.;in the West,322,343ff.Babylonian Chronicle,62Babylonian Monarchy, foundation of,63f.,313ff.Bad-mada,296Badu, king of Lagash,105;in chronological table,360Baga,189f.Baghdad,38f.,218Bahr Nejef,10Banar,114Banks, E. J.,97Barakhsu,205,308Baraz-sîrim, Field of,206Barges, for grain,262Barkiba,160Barley,357;in earliest stratum at Anau,332Barnamtarra, wife of Lugal-anda,170f.,173Barsagannudu,113f.Barshib,261Basalla,261Basar,225Basha-mama, patesi of Lagash,254;in chronological table,361Basha-Shushinak, patesi of Susa,214,289;period of,305;proto-Elamite inscriptions of,338Basime,209Bas-reliefs, Sumerian,66ff.,110ff.,129ff.;early Semitic,220f.,228f.,242f.,247ff.;Assyrian,68ff.,82Battle-axe, Sumerian use of the,286;of Narâm-Sin,243Battle-mace,131,156Battle-scenes,135ff.,220,230,247ff.Bau,108,181,185f.,271,275,296;temples of,259,264,267,269,273,298;bowls dedicated to,107ff.;representation of,135Bau-ninam, official of Ur-Ningirsu,275f.Bavian,63Baz, Field of,206Bazuzu, father of Utug,103Bead-making, Egyptian art of,328Bedouin custom,40Bêl, name of,52;the god Marduk,282Belaku, patesi of Ashnunnak,306Beleous,312Beletaras,312Beli-arik, patesi of Susa,291,305Berber dialects,323Berossus,53,59;Dynasties of,63Berthelot, M. P. E.,73Bezold, Prof. C.,344Bi-Gani-sharri,246Bilâdhuri,8Bilingual compositions,4Bin-Gani-sharri, son of Narâm-Sin,246Bint el-Mderre,31Birs, site of Borsippa,10Bismâya, site of Adab,9;excavations at,30,97;character of buildings uncovered at,89Bitumen,76,212,262"Black-headed ones,"40Blau monuments,65Boat-inspectors,181Boats, for transport,235,261Body-paint,27,330Boeotia, Neolithic potsherds from,341Boissier, A.,205,304,309Borsippa,10,13; excavations at,37Bosanquet, Prof. R. C.,346Boundary-ditch, between Lagash and Umma,126;of Ur-Engur,282;see alsoFrontierBoundary-stones,143Bow, introduced by the Semites,247f.,286;of Narâm-Sin,243;adopted by Dungi,287Breasted, Prof. J. H.,334Breccia,270f.Bricks, of Sumer,13;character of Babylonian,91;plano-convex,26,35,91,94,332;change in size of,263f.;manufacture of,267;stamped with figure of Imgig,98;origin of the Egyptian brick,323,332Brick-stamps,75,219Bronze, evidence with regard to,72ff.;later Elamite work in,337Budge, Dr. E. A. Wallis,37,160,329Bull-monsters, proto-Elamite,242Bulls, as offerings,129,140;copper figures of,256;human-headed,77,330Bûr-Sin I., king of Ur, reign of,296ff.;expeditions of,299;buildings of,298;in relation to Enlil,297;statue of,298;his deification and cult,298;his survival as a deity in the Moon-god's suite,299,344;in chronological table,362Bûr-Sin II., king of Isin,312;in chronological table,362Burial, of the dead,21;different forms of,26f.,30;after battle,138f.,149,331;Egyptian and Babylonian fashions of,325f.,331f.;earliest Susian form of,331f.Burial fees,181f.Burial-mounds, after battle,125,162331Burrows, Prof. R. M.,345Buwârîya,33Canals,3,107,153ff.,185Canopic branch, of the Nile,324Cappadocia,339;prehistoric pottery from,341Caravan-routes, from the Iranian plateau,335Carnegie Institution, of Washington,351f.Caspian,353,355,358Casting, in metal,72ff.Cattle, transport of,235,237Cedar, remains of pillars of,93;from Mt. Amanus,261Cedar-groves, sacred,267Cemeteries, in Upper Egypt,326Central Arabia,358Central Asia,54,351ff.Cesnola, General di,343Chamberlain, royal,115Chariots, of war,162;representation of a,134Chialy Effendi,245China,353Chinese,54Chinese Turkestan,351,354Chronicle, the Babylonian,62;of Sargon and Narâm-Sin,220,225,233ff.,240f.;concerning early Babylonian kings,282,312;Dynastic, from Nippur,59,63,279f.,303,308f.,311f.,315Chronicles, Hebrew Books of,240Chronological table, of kings and rulers of Sumer and Akkad,360ff.Chronology, classes of data for determining,57ff.;Babylonian,62ff.;of the later Sumerian period,315Chicago, Exploration Fund of the University of,30Chieftains, meeting of,