in chronological table,360Ensignun,259,268Entemena, patesi of Lagash,52,90,125;reign of,161ff.;silver vase of,78,167f.;cone of,100ff.,117,122,126f.,143,154,157ff,164f.;in chronological table,360Enzu,84,128f.,148,194Eponym Lists,62Erech,9f.,12f.,84,104,147,152,163,186,194f.,198ff,214,238,240,279f.,293,298,304,310f.,313,317f.;excavations at,32ff.;see alsoWarkaEridu,6,13,84 f.,148,152,167,197,282,293,298,310f.;excavations at,35f.;see also Abû Shahrain Erinda,246Erythraean Sea,53Esar, king of Adab,97f.Estates, purchase of,206ff.Euphrates, names of,9;changes in course of,7ff.;contrasted with Tigris,11f.;period of high water in,11f.;at Nippur,88f.Evans, Dr. Arthur,345f.Excavations, in Sumer and Akkad,16ff.;in Egypt,324ff.;in Persia,335,339f.;in Turkestan,351f.,355f.Eyes, of statues,76,212f.Face-paint,330Falûja,10,38Fâra, site of Shuruppak,9,28,84;excavations at,24ff.;plan of,25;discoveries at,3,65,89,331,345;objects from,73,78,283,330Fees, priestly,181f.;of diviners,183;of the grand vizir and patesi,183;for divorce,183Fetish emblems,329Figurines, of terra-cotta,342,356;in precious metals,337Fire-necropoles, so-called,21Fish, as offerings,129Fisher, C. S.,8,86ff.Fishery inspectors,181Fish-men,53Fish-ponds,182;sacred,268Flint-knapping,327Flints, Egyptian,2,326f.Flute-player, to Ningirsu,268Forced labour,164,182;see alsoSlavesFossey, Prof. Charles,6,17Foucart, G.,329Foundation-figures,72ff.Foundation-offerings,337Fresnel, F.,218Frontier-ditches,126ff.,153f.,159,162,164f.Frontier-shrines,127f.,159Funeral rites,140f.Galalim,185,264,267Galu-andul, patesi of Lagash,296;in chronological table,362Galu-Babbar, patesi of Umma,23,258;in chronological table,361Galu-Bau, patesi of Lagash,255,257;in chronological table,361Galu-Gula, patesi of Lagash,255,257;in chronological table,361Galu-kazal, patesi of Lagash,296;in chronological table,362Gankhar,287,301f.,308Garments, Sumerian and Semitic,41ff,111f.;as fees,181;trade in,237Garstang, Prof. J.,341Gatumdug,108,152,168,190,264,266,269,271Gautier, J.-E.,220,336,340,356Geikie, Sir Archibald,353Geikie, Prof. James,353Genouillac, H. de,112,116,162,169ff.,173,176,179,184,190,193,273Geometric designs, on pottery,341Geshtin-anna,259Ghiaur Kala,354Gifts, accompanying the sale of land,95,207Gigunû,274Gikana, of Ninmakh,189Gilding, of carved stone objects,270Gilgamesh, figures identified with,75ff.,174f.;epic of,9Gimdunpae, wife of Gudea,272Gimil-ilishu, king of Isin,309f.;in chronological table,362Gimil-Sin, king of Ur,284;reign of,297ff.;cult of,298,301;in chronological table,362Ginarbaniru,190Girnun,268Girsu, a division of Lagash,108,152,163,190,193;temples in,259,264,296,301;House of,91,108;wall of,186;canal of,185Gisha,290Gishkhu, Gishukh, former readings of the name of Umma,21Gladstone, Dr. J. H.,73Gods, racial character of Sumerian,47ff.;earliest Babylonian,84f.;Sumerian and Egyptian,325;symbols for Egyptian,329Gold, despatch of,237Gold-dust,261Grain, as tribute,127;fees of,182;trade in,237;value of land reckoned in,207Grain-barges,235,262Granary-inspectors,181Grand vizir, seal of,236Graves, at Fâra,26f.;at Surgliul and El-Hibba,21f.;at Abû Hatab,30;at Mukayyar,30,35;at Warka,34;at Babylon,30,37;at Susa,331f.;at Mussian,2;in Egypt,2,326;see alsoBurialGreece,341,345,347Greek civilization,1Greek cross,342Greeks,346Grove, sacred,189Gu-edin, sacred land of Ningirsu,117,121f.,126,162;its freedom from taxation,271;divisions of,127;Stele of,154Gubi,262Gubin,261Gudea, patesi of Lagash,42f.,47,54,242,255,279,300,348;reign of,259ff.;date of,61,64,256,276;buildings of,18f.,90f.,264ff.,332;monuments of,47f.,259f.,270;statutes of,70f.,260ff.,269;seal of,48,270;cylinders of,260,266f.;sculpture of the period of,66,253,333;character of,271f.;deification of,272ff.;cult of,274,299;in chronological table,361Gula,113f.Gungunu, king of Ur,311;in chronological table,362Gunidu, father of Ur-Ninâ,106Gursar, grandfather of Ur-Ninâ,106Gutebu,301Gutiu,55,238;slaves from,238Hadadnadinakhe, palace of,18Haematite, for face-paint,330Hagios Onuphrios,346Hair, treatment of the,40ff.,72,97,112Halbherr, Prof.,346Halévy, J.,4ff.,52Hall, H. R.,12,266,324,334,341,343,345Hammâm,9,23Hammurabi,9,43,162,184,307,317f.,345,348Harp, Sumerian form of,69Harpoon, Egyptian kingdom of the,324Harran,197Head-dresses, forms of divine,51,133Hearst Expedition,328Hebrews,132Helm, Otto,73Helmets, Sumerian,137f.;of Narâm-Sin,243Hepatoscopy, Sumerian origin of,348Herodotus,40,332Hêtime,30f.Heuzey, Léon,18,48,66,68,70,72f.,77,92,95ff.,99f.,107,111,151,166,219,229,241,244,247,255,263,265,269f.,293,296,344Hieroglyphs, Egyptian,325;Hittite,339;Minoan,345;on Phaestos disk,346Hilla,38Hilprecht, Prof. H. V.,9,17,49,59f.,64,73f.,86,98,102f.,163,165,168,170,193,197,205,219,226,244,279,311ff.,319Hît,7Hittite culture,347;cylinder-seals,344;script,339;power,347Hogarth, D. G.,346f.Hommel, Prof. Fritz,9,14,313Honey, for embalming,332Horse, introduction of the,162Horus,324f.Hoschander, J.,206Hrozný, F.,14,21,206,211,317Huber, E.,284Hulvan,250Human-headed bulls,77,330Hunger, J.,183Huntington, Ellsworth,352,354Huntsman, in suite of Semitic prince,246Hyksos,334Iamutbal,317Ibalpel, patesi of Ashnunnak,306Ibalum,209Ibi-Sin, king of Ur,297,299f.,304,308;in chronological table,362Ibla,261Ibn Rusta,8Ibn Serapion,8Ibni-sharru, seal of,217,251Idin-Dagan, king of Isin,310;in chronological table,362Idin-ilu, patesi of Kisurra,284Ikhi,301Ili, patesi of Umma,163f.;in chronological table,360Ili-Urumush,203f.Ilishma,231,243f.Ilsu-rabi, patesi of Basime,209Ilu-bani,344Iluma-ilu,32Imagery, in Sumerian art,77Imgig, the lion-headed eagle of Ningirsu,98Impae,185Imprecations,143Indian Ocean,78Indo-Europeans,54Inlaying,74ff.Inspectors, Sumerian,179ff.Invocations,128f.,148Iran,341,357f.Iranian plateau,335,358Iron,50Irrigation, in Babylonia and Egypt,323;methods of,154f.;oxen for,271Ishbi-Ura, king of Isin,303,308ff.;in chronological table,362Ishkun-Sin,281Ishme-Dagan, king of Isin,310f.;in chronological table,362Ishnunuk, Anzanite form of the name Ashnunnak,212Ishtar,33,226f.,250,259,289Isin, in Sumer,13;the Dynasty of,63f.,309ff.;racial character of the kings of,283f.,303;relation of its dynasty to that of Babylon,313ff.Isis,324Itaddu I., patesi of Susa,305Itaddu II,, patesi of Susa,305Iter-kasha, king of Isin,312;in chronological table,362Itûr-Shamash,284Ivory,78,332Izinum, seal of,246Jastrow, Prof. Morris,205Jensen, Prof. P.,39,54f.,109,211Jéquier, G.,339Jewellery, Elamite,337Jidr,31Jôkha, site of Umma,9,21f.;plan of,22;cones from,23;tablets from,295Ka-azag, patesi of Lagash,255,257;in chronological table,361Ka-azag, father of Ninkagina,255Kadi,101; temple of,285Kagalad,261Kal-Rukhuratir, patesi of Susa,305Kal-Uli, ancestor of Kuk-Nashur,306Kalki, seal of,246Kanizi, early official of Shuruppak,95Kara-Uyuk, pottery from,341;tablets from,346Kardaka,301Karkar,164Kashtubila, of Kazallu,227Kassite Dynasty, of Babylon,62f.;period,38,89,339,342Kassites,162Kazallu,227,286,319Kengi,14Ker Porter, Sir R.,39Kerkha,335Kermanshah,340Kesh,13,128,152Khâbûr,347Khakhu,261Khala-Lama, daughter of Galu-khazal,296Khaladda, patesi of Shuruppak,28,