283Khamasi,301Khamazi,103Kharakene, kingdom of,18Kharshi, Kharishi,287f.,290Khashkhamer, patesi of Ishkun-Sin,281,284Khegir,185Khenda,190Khotan,351ff.Khukhnuri, Khukhunuri,290,299Khuluppu-trees,261Khummatur, possible reading of the name Lummadur,161Khumurti,287f.Khunnini, patesi of Kimash,291Khurshitu, site of,287Khutran-tepti, Elamite dynasty of,305f.Ki-babbar,147Ki-uri,14Ki-urra,14Kiab,190Kianki,195f.Kids, fees of,181f.Kilulla, seal of,284Kimash,261,288,290f.King, early signification of the title,106Kingi,14Kings, deification of,203,222,251,273f.,288,298f.,300ff.,310,335;Babylonian list of,61f.Kinunir,190Kirman,357Kisâri, king of Gankhar,308Kish, site of,8f.,.38f.;earliest kings of,53,99ff,202f.;Sumerian victories over,144ff.,152,201f.;later kingdom of,53,65,198,203ff.,210f.,214f.,226,228,230ff.,249,252;deification of kings of,251;purchase of land at,206;commercial relations with Lagash,238;under Sumu-abu,319Kisurra, site of,9f.;excavations at,28ff.;destruction of,31f.;brick from,284;see alsoAbû HatabKnives, panels from handles of,81Knossos,345f.Koldewey, Dr. Robert,20f.,24,37,157,160Komorof, Gen.,355Kopet Dagh,354f.,357Koptos,324Kubâdh I.,8Kudur-Nankhundi, king of Elam,304ff.Kudurru-inscriptions,143Kûfa,8,10Kugler, F. X.,297Kuk-Kirmesh, sukkal of Elam,306f.Kuk-Nashur, or Kukka-Nasher, sukkal of Elam,306f.Kur-shesh, patesi of Umma,209;in chronological table,360Kurdistan,86,251Kurgans, at Anau,2,355f.Kurna,8Kût el-'Amâra,8Kutir-Nakhkhunte,306f.Kutû,232,244Kuyunjik,217;painted pottery from,343;Neolithic settlement at,343Lagash,11,13;name and site of,17;excavations at,17ff.;destruction of,20,31f.;early history of,84,98ff.;under Eannatum and his successors,120ff.;sack of,186ff.;under Erech and Ur,197,200;under Semitic domination,205,244,247ff.;later rulers of,252ff.;in the kingdom of Sumer and Akkad,277;under the Dynasty of Ur,290f.,296,298f.;emblem of,78,98,100,131,160,167,174f.;see alsoTelloLagrange, Père M. J.,341Lament on the fall of Lagash,188ff.,193Lampre, G.,340,356Lance, votive,229Lance-bearers, Sumerian,137Land, system of tenure,95;purchase of,206ff.Langdon, S.,51,54,57,159Lankuku,306Lapis-lazuli,74f.,104,158,266,270,357Larsa, site of,9f.;excavations at,34;as cult-centre,84f.;history of,147,152,195f.,281,310f.,313,317f.;see also Senkera Lasirab, king of Gutiu,250Laws, Sumerian,184;of Urukagina,182ff.;of Hammurabi,184;of Ninâ and Ningirsu,272;of the Sun-god,282;see alsoCodeLe Strange, G.,8Lebanon,225,334Legends, Sumerian,175;Semitic,77;Egyptian,323f.;of Sargon,217,226,232Legge, F.,329f.Lehmann-Haupt, Prof. C. F.,61,63Letters, royal,238;earliest example of a,172Libations,48f.,68,140,198Libation-vase,76f.Libation-water,68Libit-Ishtar, king of Isin,284,310f.;in chronological table,362Libit-Ishtar, governor of Sippar,315f.Libyan settlers, in Egypt,334Lidda, child of Ur-Ninâ,112;sex of,115ff.Likhatcheff, M.,173Limestone, inlaying with,212Line-characters,329Lion, in decoration,70,79f.,99f.,229,270f.Lion-headed eagle, of Ningirsu,98f.Lipum, patesi of Anshan,292Lipush-Iau,246Literature, influence of Sumerian,347Liver-omens,235Loan-words,52Loaves, fees of,181f.;as offerins,198Lóczy, Prof. de,353Loess,353f.Loftus, W. K.,5,9,17,28,32ff.,73Loin-cloth, Semitic,42Lower Egypt,325,334Lower Sea, the Persian Gulf,194,197,262Lower World,274; see also UnderworldLu-enna, priest of Ninmar, letter from,172Lugunutur, wife of Enlitarzi,170Lugal-anda, patesi of Lagash,169ff.,273;sealings of,173ff.;full name of,169;in chronological table,360Lugal-andanushuga;seeLugal-andaLugal-bur, patesi of Lagash,254f.;in chronological table,361Lugal-ezen,112f.,115Lugal-ezendug, patesi of Nippur,294Lugal-kigub-nidudu, king of Erech and Ur,199ff.;in chronological table,360Lugal-kisalsi, king of Erech and Ur,199f.,268;in chronological table,360Lugal-kurdub,267Lugal-magurri, patesi of Ur and commander of the fortress,299,301Lugal-me,272Lugal-shag-engur, patesi of Lagash,99f.,209f.;in chronological table,360Lugal-sisa,267Lugal-tarsi, king of Kish,104;in chronological table,360Lugal-uru,109,168;temple of,190Lugal-ushumgal, patesi of Lagash,236f.,241,253ff,279;in chronological table,361Lugal-zaggisi, king of Erech,52,163,214;his sack of Lagash,188ff.,210;reign of,193ff.;his western expedition,197f.,233,335;in chronological table,360Lulubu,55,242,250,287f.Luminadimdug Canal,153,161,168Lummagirnunta Canal,154,162Lupad,96f.Lyre-player, to the Moon-god246Mace-heads, in Babylonia and Egypt,322,333;of Mesilim,80,99;of Shar-Gani-sharri,218;of Lasirab,250;of Gudea,270f.;supports for ceremonial,111Maciver, Prof. D. Randall,327Madga,261,291Madka,291Magan,14,218,238,241f.,258,262Ma'er, Mari,97f.,146Magician, royal,236Makhar,290Makkan,14Mal-Amîr,336Malachite, for face-paint,330Managers, of estates,207f.Manishdussu, Manishduzzu, Anzanite forms of the name Manishtusu,206Manishtusu, king of Kish,206ff.;campaigns of,211f.,224,231;obelisk of,95,176,203,206ff.,222,238;statues of,212f.;cruciform monument probably to be assigned to,223f.;date of,53,65,210f.;in chronological table,360Mannu-dannu, prince of Magan,227,241Mantle, Sumerian,42Map, Babylonian, of the world,313Mâr-Ishtar, seal of,344Marad,206Mardin,244Marduk,240,294;origin of emblem of,342Mari;seeMa'erMarkharshi,286,290Marsh, of Ninkharsag,206Martu (Amurru), a West Semitic god,344Masiam-Ishtar,308Maspero, Prof. G.,324Mash-Shuruppak, early official of Shuruppak,95Mastaba-tomb, of Aha,323Mat-burials,3,26f.Mat-weaving, Egyptian,328Median Wall,38Mediterranean, culture,2;Lugal-zaggisi's expedition to,197f.;Sargon and the,225,233ff.,251,343ff.;Gudea's supplies from,262,279;Gimil-Sin and the,300Meissner, Prof. B.,17,304,309,316Melukhkha,238,261f.Memphis,324Mena,324Ménant, J.,217f.,246Menêdir,31Menua,261Menudgid,113Minoan hieroglyphs,345Merv,354;oasis of,351,354Mes,194f.Mesalim, son of Manishtusu,209f.Mesandu, slaves dedicated to,184Mesilim, king of Kish,53,65,80,99ff.,159,209;in chronological table,360Meslamtaea,284;temple to,264Mesniu,324Mesopotamia,7Messengers, royal,291Messerschmidt, L.,21,52,157Metal-casting, Sumerian,72ff.;Egyptian,327;Elamite,337Metal-work, engraved,78,167,229Meyer, Prof. Edouard,40,47ff.,50ff.,62,66,73,97,110,178,184,244,284,306,313,334Migrations, causes of,354Minotaurs,346Mishime,150f.Mjelli,31Mongols,54Monsters, in Sumerian art,76Moon-god,45;dress of the,48;see alsoEnzu, Nannar, SinMoon-cult,84f.Mosaic legislation,348Mother-of-pearl,74f.,81f.Moulds, for casting,74;for bricks,264Mukayyar, site of Ur,34;excavations at,34f.;plan of,34;contracted burials at,30,331;inscriptions from,217,280,310f.Mummification,331f.Muninnikurta,112,115Murîk-Tidnim, the Wall of the West,300Musayyib,10Mussian, excavations at,2,340;painted pottery from,340f.,356Mycenaean epoch,1Myres, Prof. J. L.,343f.Mythological beings,174f.Nabataeans,40Nabonidus,60ff.,216ff.,268Naga-ed-Dêr,326Nagidda, patesi of Adamdun,292Nahr Hindîya,10Nakâda,323,330Naksu,240,278Nalua-stone,261Namazua,115Names, symbolical,272f.Nammakhni, patesi of Lagash,255,258;in chronological table,361Nanâ,12,84,146f.,304f.Nannar, Moon-god of Ur,84,280,294f.,298Nannar-gugal Canal,281f.Narâm-Sin, king of Akkad, reign of,241ff.;buildings of,37,88f.,219,235,244f.;date of,60ff.,65,203,216,218,253;successors of,246,278;dress of,42;his Stele of Victory,228f.,243,251;the Pir Hussein Stele,244ff.;Omens of,217,241;titles of,242,251;deification of,251,343f.;in chronological table,361Narmer,324Naruti,212f.Natik Effendi,245Naturalistic treatment, in Sumerian design,80f.;in early Semitic sculpture,252Naville, Prof. E.,324,326f.,332Nebuchadnezzar II.,37f.Nekhune,290Neo-Anzanite texts,337Neolithic period, in Babylonia,2f.,322,342f.;remains of, at Nineveh,343;at Susa,340;at Mussian,2,340;at Anau,2,341;in Egypt,1f.,323;in Aegean and Mediterranean areas,1f.;in Northern Greece,341;wares of the,340ff.Nergal,38,