289,293Nets, of the gods,128ff.,165,220,229New Moon, Feast of the,298f.Newberry, P. E.,325,334Nidaba,190f.,194,196,266Niebuhr, Carl,219Niffer, site of Nippur,8f.,85;excavations at,86;votive inscriptions from,204,206;dated tablets from,309;contracted burials at,331;see alsoNippurNin-azag-nun,259Nin-Isin,313Ninâ, goddess,108,111,152f.,164f.,168,185,190,206,254f.,264,266,271f.,275,296Ninâ, division of Lagash,108Ninab, possible reading of the name Ninni-esh,163Ninabukhadu,194f.Ninagal,259Nindar,190,259,264Nindub,266Nineveh,4;Neolithic settlement at,343Ningal,298Ningandu, wife of Nammakhni,255Ningirsu,43,84,127,156,164ff.,168,172,177,180f.,184f.,190f.,259,271;temple of,89f.,95,99f.,108f.,111,113,123,155,266ff.,298;laws of,272;emblem of,98,100,175;representations of,67,130f.,156Ningirsu-ushumgal Canal,271Ningishzida, Gudea's patron deity,47,108,264,266;monsters of,76f.;temple of,264,269,273;representation of,47Ninib,294Ninkagina,255Ninkharsag,13,121,127f.,148,168,194,289;temple of,259,264,269,273;Marsh of,206Ninki,128f.Ninlil,104,281Ninmakh,168,189Ninmar,108,172,259,296Ninni,84,104,145,194,310;her temple at Erech,33,196,280,298;her temples at Lagash,161,190,259,264;her temple at Ninni-esh,244;representations of,135,250Ninni-esh,163,195f.,238,244Ninsar,185Ninshakh, Urukagina's patron deity,177Nintud,273Niphates,11Nippur, site of,8f.;excavations at,32,85ff.;early Babylonian plan of,87;plan of the inner city at,86,88;character and history of,13,51f.,85ff.,98,107,185,198,238,293f.,310f.;buildings at,86ff.,219,235,244,281,345;objects and inscriptions from,48f.,73,102f.,193,199,201,279f.,311;see alsoNifferNoeldeke, A.,24f.,28f.North Africa,323,352Northern Babylonia, Semitic immigration into,214,230,250f.,358;see alsoAkkadNorthern China,353Northern Greece, prehistoric pottery from,341Northern Syria,347Nubia,327Nudubtum, seal of,344Nuffar,85;seeNifferNumeration, systems of,339Nusku,294Nutugmushda,286Oannes,53Oaths, ratification of,128Obelisk, of Manishtusu,95,176,203;description of,206ff.;names from,222,238Obsidian implements, from Kuyunjik,343Offerings, votive,199;funerary,140f.Officials,179ff.;orders for supplies for,290f.Ohnefalsch-Richter, M. H.,344Oil, divination by,183;for embalming,332Omen-texts, historical traditions in,206,219,304,309Omens, of Sargon and Narâm-Sin,217,219f.,224f.,233ff.,240f.;consultation of the,266,348Opis, site of,11,13,38f.;history of,145f.,152,202,226Oppert, Jules,4,217f.Overseers, of landed property,207f.,210f.Painting, of the body,27Palace-chamberlain,276Palace Tell, at Tello,18,90f.Palaeoliths,2Palaikastro,346f.Palermo Stele,334Palettes, early Egyptian,27,330Pamirs,351Parthian fortress,89;palace,18Patesi, signification of the title,106;in relation to the city-god,101f.,181,268;decrease in influence of,173,295f.,302Patron deities,47,108f.,177,264,266;on cylinder-seals,344Perforated plaques,68,98,110 f.Perquisites, of the priesthood,180ff.Perrot, G.,66Persia,1,39,55,245Persian Gulf,6f.,53,62f.,211,234f.,242,251,262,279,320Petrie, Prof. W. M. Flinders,330,334Petticoat, Sumerian,42f.Phaestos,346;disk from,346Pictographs, Minoan,345Pictorial writing, systems of,328f.Picture characters,3Pilasters,264Pinches, T. G.,218Pir Hussein,42,244f.Plaid, Semitic,42Plans, Babylonian,87f.,260,265Plane-trees,261Plano-convex bricks,26,35,91,94,332Plaster,262Plating, with copper,74Poebel, A.,63,312Population, transference of,208,238ff.Post-Sargonic, use of term,216,228Pot-burials,30,34,37Pottery, Sumerian,3,342;Elamite,340f.;Cappadocian,341;Egyptian,326ff.Prayer, of dedication,198Predynastic Egyptians,323ff.Prehistoric period, in Babylonia,2f.,84ff,322,343;in Elam,2,339f.,342;in Egypt,1f.,322ff.Pre-Sargonic, use of term,216,228Presents, accompanying a sale of land,95,207Price, Prof. Ira M.,266Prices, regulation of,182Priesthood, power of the Sumerian,167f.,172f.;exactions of the,180f.Proto-Elamite, system of writing,338f.Ptolemaic Canon,62Pukhia, king of Khurshitu,287Pumpelly, Raphael,2,332,341,351f.,357;expeditions of,351ff.Punt,334Pûr-Sagale,62Pûr-Sin;seeBûr-SinPurification, rites of,266f.Racial types,41f.,44f.Radau, Hugo,61,109,112,115,151,310Ranke, H.,313,315Rassam, H.,37Rawlinson, Sir H. C.,4,6,217Red Sea,323f.Reed, of Enki,108Reeds, huts of,84; roofs of,94Reisner, G. A.,14,17,324,326ff.Reservoirs,154f.,168,185Revenue, farming of the,181Revolts, against Manishtusu,224,227,231;against Sargon,227,240Rhodes,344Richthofen, Baron Ferdinand von,353Rîm-Sin, king of Larsa,31,314,316ff.Rimush, probable reading of the name Urumush,203Ringed staff, as emblem,77Rîsh-Adad, king of Apirak,241Ritual, Sumerian,265f.,268,348Rogers, Prof. R. W.,17Romans,346Rule, architect's,265Russian Turkestan,332,341,351f.,354Sab-Dagan,313Sabu, in Elam,290,301f.Sacrifice,140Sagantug,113,116Sa'îd Muhammad,28Sakjegeuzi, potsherds from,341Sakli,226Sale, deeds of,95f.,160,170f.,206ff.Samarra,7,39Samâwa,10Samsu-iluna,9,31f.,89,162,317Samsun,245Sand-dunes, origin of,353Sandals, introduction of,51Sangu-priest,163Sarcophagus-burials,3,26f.,34f.Sargon of Agade,216ff.;historical character of,216,219,224ff.;his identification with Shar-Gani-sharri,216ff,220ff,227f.;age of,60ff.;Legend of,217,226,232;Omens of,217,219f.,224f.,233ff.,240;Chronicle of,220,225;"sons of the palace" of,239Sargonids,337Sassanian period,8,31Satuni, king of Lulubu,242f.Sayce, Prof. A. H.,4,73,291,324f.,341,345Schäfer, Heinrich,334Scheil, Père V.,21,37,206,209,211ff,220ff,228,241,244,272,290f.,295,297,299,305ff,310f.,314,319,336,338Schmidt, Dr. Hubert,341,351f.,355Schnabel, P.,63Schrader, Eberhard,4,109Sculpture, Sumerian,3,28,66ff,129ff.,252,269f.,333,348;early Semitic,66,213.220f.,228f.,251f.;Elamite,337;Egyptian, Sea, of the West,234Sea-country,32,53,62f.,235Seal-cutting,175f.Seal-impressions, proto-Elamite,339Seal-stones, Cretan,345f.Sealings,3,27,170,173ff.,236f.,344Sebene Su,245Seistan,357Seleucia,39Semiramis,38Semites, racial characteristics of,40ff.,246f.;immigrations of,47ff.,53,55,203,214,230f.,238,250f.,336,347;cause of Semitic migrations,358;domination of,203ff.,216ff,247,249,263,320;influence of,66f.,214,334;sculpture of,213,220f.,228f.,243,251,253;hypothetical Egyptian invasion of,323ff.,328Semitisms,52Senkera, site of Larsa,9;excavations at,34;inscriptions from,281,311,314Sennacherib,37,217,235Ser-i-Pul-i-Zohab,250Serpents, in Sumerian art,76Shabara,290Shad-Bitkim, Field of,206Shagarakti-Buriash,268Shagpada,190Shagshag, wife of Urukagina,170,176,273Shakanshabar,267f.Shakh, conquest of,150Shakh, royal steward,170Shakh-Bau,171Shamash,212,218,223,231,244,289Shar-Gani-sharri, king of Akkad, reign of,216ff.;his identification with Saigon,216ff.,220ff.,227f.;conquests of,225ff.,233,240,335,343;in relation to Cyprus,234f.,343f.;administrative system of,236ff.;