Chapter 44

[128]Relacion hist. de la Judería de Sevilla, pp. 99-103.[129]Archivo municipal de Sevilla,loc. cit., n. 52.[130]Matute y Luquin, p. 211.[131]Possadas, Triumphos de la Castidad contra la Luxuria diabolica de Molinos, Córdova, 1698.This is a second edition; a third appeared in Madrid, in 1775.[132]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 15; Leg. 12, n. 2, fol. 126.[133]MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. XI.[134]Matute y Luquin, pp. 216-23.[135]Index of Vidal Marin, 1707, II, 195.[136]Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. V, fol. 141, 144, 146, 150.—Archivo de Simancas, Inq. Legajos 418, 419 (números antiguos).—See Appendix for the abjuration, which summarizes the errors.[137]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 876, fol. 153.—Llorente (Hist. crít. Cap.XLII, n. 15) places this case under Carlos III.[138]Llorente, Hist. crít., cap.XL, art. ii, n. 1-14.[139]There is an allusion to this edict in theRelacion de la Causa contra Don Pedro Fernández Ybarraran(MSS. of David Fergusson Esq.).[140]Proceso contra Fray Eusebio de Villaroja (MSS. of David Fergusson Esq.).[141]Lib. XIII de Cartas, fol. 192 (MSS. of Am. Philosophical Society).[142]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.[143]Ibidem, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.[144]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 890, fol. 82.[145]Ibidem, Lib. 890.—Matute y Luquin, p. 296.[146]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 114, n. 18.[147]Bibl. nationale de France, fonds espagnol 354, fol. 248-69.—Llorente, Hist. crít., cap.XVI, art. iv.—Miscelanea de Zapata (Mem. hist. español, XI, 70).—Cipriano de Valera, Dos Tratados, p. 480 (Reformistas antiguos españoles).—Ribadeneira, Vit. Ign. Loyolæ, Lib.V, cap. 10.—Luigi de Granata, Vita di Giovanni d’Avila, p. 143 (Romæ, 1746).—Matute y Luquin, p. 18.—Simancæ de Cath. Institt. Tit.XXI, n. 24.A French translation of the sentence and confession has been printed by M. Campan, in the appendix to theMémoires de Francisco de Enzinas.[148]Godoy Alcántara, Historia de los falsos Cronicones, p. 2.—Cf. V. de la Fuente, Hist. ecles., III, 255.[149]Relatione del Miracolo delle Stimmate, venute nuovamente ad una Monacha dell’ Ordine di S. Domenico, in Portogallo, nella Città di Lisbona.—Bologna, 1584.—Printed also in Rome and in Verona.[150]Cipriano de Valera, Enjambre de falsos Milagros, pp. 564, sqq. Usoz y Rio, in his notes to this reprint, in hisReformistas antiguos, says that Valera’s versions are faithfully made from “Les grands Miracles et les Tressainctes Plaies advenuz à la R. Mère Prieure du Monasteire de l’Anonciade.” A Paris par Jean Bressant, 1586.[151]Cipriano de Valera, pp. 575-80.—Páramo, pp. 233-4, 302-4.In 1650, Padre Diego Tello, S. J., in an opinion given to the Granada tribunal alludes to the political objects of Sor María’s impostures, as though it was a well-known fact.—MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 17.[152]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 700.[153]Ibidem, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 113, n. 6.[154]Cartas de Jesuitas (Mem. hist. español, XIII, 49, 51).[155]Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 111, fol. 127.[156]MSS. of Bodleian Library, Arch. S., 130.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap.XXI, § 7.[157]Cartas de Jesuitas (op. cit., XIII, 42, 51, 457).—Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 17.[158]Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap. xxi, § 5.[159]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.[160]Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 405, n. 66.[161]Olmo, Relacion, pp. 201-3, 240.[162]MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. XI.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.[163]Royal Library of Berlin, Qt. 9548.[164]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.[165]Menéndez y Pelayo, III, 405.—MSS. of Archivo municipal de Sevilla, Seccion especial, Siglo XVIII, Letra A, T. 4, n. 56.—Cartas del Filósofo rancio. II, 495 (Madrid, 1824).[166]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.[167]Llorente, Hist. crít., cap.XLIII, art. iv, n. 1.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 115, n. 25; Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.By edict of June 23, 1805, all writings in which credit of any kind was given to the favors which the beata pretended to have received from heaven were absolutely prohibited.—Suplemento al Indice expurgatorio, p. 25 (Madrid, 1805).[168]Llorente,loc. cit., n. 2.—Archivo, hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.[169]Extracto de la Causa seguida á Sor Patrocinio (Madrid, 1865).[170]Revista Cristiana, Marzo-Abril, 1891 (Madrid).Spain is by no means the only seat of these manifestations. In 1848 there was at Niederbronn, near Strassburg, a bride of Christ named Elizabeth Eppinger who, though denied the supreme favor of the stigmata, had trances and visions and the gift of prophecy. She founded the Order ofFilles du Redempteur, over which she presided as Sœur Alphonse.—Abbé Busson, Lettres sur l’Extatique de Niederbronn (Besançon, 1849-53).The grace of the stigmata is likewise not uncommon. About 1825 there flourished Katharine Emmerich, the nun of Dülmen, and contemporary with her were three girls in Tyrol, Maria von Mörl, Domenica Lazzari and Crescenzia Nicklutsch, all of whom enjoyed also the customary visions and ecstasies. The learned Joseph Görres was one of the believing pilgrims who put on record his experiences. At the same time Provence boasted of a similarbeata, Madame Miollis, known as thestigmatisée du Var, at Villecroze.—Die Tyrolen ekstasischen Jungfrauen (Regensburg, 1843).—Nicolas, L’extatique et les stigmatisées du Tyrol (Paris, 1844).—Boré, Les stigmatisées du Tyrol, 2e. Ed. (Paris, 1846).The more recent case of Louise Lateau, in Belgium, is well known. All this, however, is trivial in comparison with the development of stigmatisation among the followers of Pierre-Michel Vintras, in France. In 1850 it was reckoned that no less than three hundred were favored with this distinguishing mark of divine approval.—André, Affaire Rose Tamisier, p. 5 (Carpentras, 1851).[171]S. Th. Aquin. Summæ Suppl. Q.VIII, art. 4.—Astesani Summæ, Lib.V, Tit. xiii, Q. 2.—Summa Sylvestrina s. v.Confessor,I, §§ 10-11.[172]Guidonis de Monte Rocherii Manip. Curator. P.II, Tract, iii, cap. 9.[173]S. Antonini Summæ, P.III, Tit. xiv, cap. 19, § 8.[174]S. Th. Aquin. in IV Sentt., Dist.XIX, Q. 1, art. 3.—Joh. Friburgens. Summæ Confessor., Lib.III, Tit. xxxiv, Q. 65.[175]Burriel, Vidas de los Arzobispos de Toledo (Bibl. nacional, MSS. Ff, 194, fol. 9).[176]Concil. Valentin, ann. 1565, Tit. ii, cap. 17 (Aguirre, V, 417).—C. Mediolanensis I, ann. 1565, cap. 6 (Harduin. X, 653).—C. Provin. Mediolanens. IV, ann. 1576 (Acta Eccles. Mediolanens. I, 146).—Rituale Roman., Tit. iii, cap. 1.[177]MSS. of David Fergusson, Esq.—Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Sala 39, Leg. 4, fol. 34, 55, 81.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 2, fol. 236, 237.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., PV, fol. C, 17, n. 38.[178]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 16, n. 6, fol. 9.[179]Gratiani Decret. Caus. xxx, q. i, can. 8, 9, 10.—Constitt. R. Poore, cap. 9 (Harduin. VII, 91).[180]Salcedo, Practica criminalis canonica, p. 276 (Compluti, 1587).For an instructive sketch of Ghiberti by Miss M. A. Tucker, see English Hist. Review, Jan.-July, 1903.[181]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 233, n. 100.[182]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 231, n. 71.[183]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 374.[184]Pauli PP. IV Bull.Cum sicut nuper, 16 Apr., 1559 (Bullar. Roman. II, 48).[185]Páramo, p. 880.[186]Pii PP. IV, Const. 51,Pastoris æterni, 1 Apr. 1562. It is perhaps suggestive that in the Luxemburg Bullarium (III, 71) the omission of the wordnoncompletely reverses the purport of the brief. It will be found correctly printed in Cherubini’s edition.[187]Páramo, p. 881.[188]Pauli PP. V, Const.Cum sicut nuper, 16 Sept. 1608 (Trimarchi de Confessario abutente etc. Tractat., pp. 7, 10.—Genuæ, 1636).—Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1465. fol. 16.[189]Trimarchi, pp. 10, 11.[190]Bullar. Roman. III, 484.—Trimarchi, pp. 14-18.[191]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Lib.VIIIde autos, Leg. 2, fol. 114.[192]Ant. de Sousa, Opusc. circa Constit. Pauli V, Tract.I, cap. 20.[193]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 371.—Archivo hist. nacional,ubi sup.[194]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 212; Gracia y Justicia, Inq., Leg. 631, fol. 27.[195]MSS. of Bodleian Library, Arch, S, 130.[196]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 1, n. 6, fol. 274, 393.—Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1465, fol. 16.The clause concerning solicitation in the Edict of Faith, published at Valencia, Feb. 24, 1630, shows this and also the devices used to elude the technical definition of the offence. “Or, whether any confessor or confessors, clerics or religious of whatever station pre-eminence or condition, in the act of confession or immediately before or after it, or with occasion or appearance of confession, although there is no opportunity and no confession may have followed, but in the confessional or any place where confessions are made, or which is destined for that purpose, when the impression is produced that confession is being made or heard, have solicited or attempted to solicit any one, inducing or provoking them to foul and indecent acts, whether between the penitent and confessor or others, or have held indecent and illicit conversation with them. And we exhort and order all confessors to admonish their penitents, whom they understand to have been solicited, of the obligation to denounce the solicitors to this Holy Office, which has exclusive cognizance of this crime.”—Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Lib. 7 de Autos, Leg. 2, fol. 114.[197]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Lib. 7 de Autos, Leg. 2, fol. 114.[198]“Cuyo conocimiento pertenece al Santo Oficio de la Inquisition, sin embargo del Breve de la Santidad de Gregorio XV expedido en treinta de Agusto de 1622 años, por declaracion suya, para las Inquisiciones de los Reynos de su Magestad, toca privativamente el castigo de este delito al Santo Oficio y no á los obispos ni á sus vicarios, provisores ni ordinarios.”—Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, p. 148.[199]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 28, fol. 246; Lib. 890.[200]Ibidem, Lib. 939, fol. 107; Lib. 942, fol. 23, 31; Leg. 1465, fol. 16.—It is scarce worth while to refer to the wild story of Gonzáles de Móntes (Inquis. hist. artes detectæ, p. 185) that in Seville this brought in so many denunciations that twenty secretaries and as many inquisitors were unable to take them down within the thirty days allowed and that four prolongations of the time were required.[201]Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 216, n. 60.[202]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1665, fol. 16; Lib. 939, fol. 107; Lib. 942, fol. 31.[203]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 16, fol. 254.—Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 83, fol. 25.The Roman Inquisition tardily followed the example of the Spanish in a decree of 1677.—Berardi de Sollicitatione et Absolutione Complicis, p. 6 (Faventiæ, 1897).[204]“La experiencia acredita que muchos contestes, singularmente mugeres y en causas de solicitacion, nada declaran, ya por miedo, ya por vergüenza, ya por una falsa caridad, de que tiene el Santo Oficio freqüentes y lastimosas experiencias.”—Instrucion que han de guardar los Comisarios, n. 21.[205]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 227, n. 7.[206]Ibidem, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 15.[207]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 371.[208]Bibl. nacional, MSS., B, 159, fol. 161-2. For various speculations on the subject see Rod. a Cunha pro PP. Pauli V Statuto, Q. xix (Benavente, 1611).—Ant. de Sousa Opusc. circa Constit. Pauli V, Tract. ii, cap. 7-10.[209]Card. Cozza, Dubia selecta circa Solicitationem, Dub.XLII(Lovanii, 1750).[210]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 365, n. 46.[211]Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap.XX.[212]MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 264.[213]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1465, fol. 16.—MSS. of Bibl. nacional de Lima, Protocolo 223, Expte5270.[214]Rod. a Cunha, Q.XIV,XV.—Ant. de Sousa, Tit.I, cap. 19.—Matteucci Cautela Confessarii, Lib.I, cap. 5, n. 3 (Venetiis, 1710).—Cozza, Dub.XVII.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap.XX.[215]Ant. de Sousa, Tract.I, cap.XV.[216]There were many probabilist authorities who held that the fact that such acts as kissing, pressing the hands, handling the breasts, etc., were committed in the confessional did not change them from venial to mortal sins. See Del Bene de Officio S. Inquis. P.II, Dub. 237, Sect. 3, n. 3 (Lugduni, 1666). Cf. Cozza, Dub.III, n. 18.In 1743 a lively controversy arose between the rigorists and the Jesuits over theTatti mammillaricaused by a proposition of Father Benzi S. J. that stroking the cheeks of nuns and handling their breasts were venial, when unaccompanied with depraved intentions.—Concina, Explicazione di quattro Paradossi, cap. 1 § 1 (Lucca, 1746).[217]Cozza, Dub.III,IV,V.—Fran. Bordoni Sacrum Tribunal Judicum, cap.XXIII, n. 53-61 (Romæ, 1648); Ejusd. Manuale Consultorum, Sect,XXV, n. 91 (Romæ, 1693).[218]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 365, n. 46, fol. 26.[219]Rod. a Cunha, Q.XVII.—Ant. de Sousa, Tract. I, cap. xiv.—Jo. Sánchez, Disputationes Selectæ, Disp.XI, n. 43, 44 (Ludguni, 1636).[220]Rod. a Cunha, Q.XIV.—Ant. de Sousa, Tract.I, cap. xi.—Cozza, Dub.XXXVII.—Trimarchi, p. 160.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., B, fol. 160.[221]Trimarchi, p. 145.—Cozza, Dub.XXXVIII.[222]Páramo, p. 886.[223]A Cunha, Q.IX,XI.—De Sousa, Tract. I, cap. vi, vii, xvii.—Alberghini Manuale Qualificatorum, cap.XXXI, § 1, n. 10, 11, 17.—Trimarchi, pp. 193, 199, 2O1, 212.—Cozza, Dub.IX,X,XI.—Bodoni Manuale, Sect.XXV, n. 169—Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap.XX, §§ 5, 10.[224]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 376.—Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Registro de Solicitantes, A, 7, fol. 2 (Lib. 1002, fol. 2).[225]The more important of these decisions were—3 There is noparvitas materiæin solicitation.8 When the solicitation is mutual, the confessor is to be denounced.9 A confessor yielding to solicitation through fear is to be denounced.10 Solicitation in other sacraments does not fall within the papal bulls.11 Solicitation to other than carnal sins during confession does not require denunciation.12 When a confessor praises the beauty of a penitent, if the praise is serious and without evil intention, he is not liable to denunciation; if otherwise, he is.13 If a confessor sitting in a confessional solicits a woman standing before him without pretext of confession he is probably not liable to denunciation.14 A confessor who makes during confession a present to the penitent, without evil intention is not liable to denunciation; otherwise he is.—Berardi de Sollicitatione, p. 5.[226]Bullar. Roman. T. VI, Append. p. 1.[227]Bullar. Benedicti PP. XIV, T. I, p. 23-4.[228]Bullar. Roman.ubi sup.[229]Bullar. Benedicti PP. XIV,loc. cit.[230]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1; Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 365, n. 46.—Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 890.[231]Joh. Sánchez Disputt. Select., Disp. xi, n. 3, 4.—Juan Sánchez was one of the laxer moral theologians of the seventeenth century, some of whose propositions incurred papal censure, but this escaped. Hurter characterizes him as “in morum doctrina versatissimus.”—Nomenclator Theol. Cathol. I, 414.[232]Ant. de Sousa, Tract. II, cap.XX.—Berardi de Sollicitatione, p. 129.—Il Consulente Ecclesiastico, Vol. IV, p. 19 (1899).—S. Alph. de Ligorio Theol. Moral. Lib.VII, n. 519. Podestà, however, tells us that in his time, in the diocese of Naples, it was reserved to the bishop.—Examen ecclesiasticum, T. II, n. 601 (Venetiis, 1728).[233]Proceso contra el Dr. Pedro Mendizabal (MS.penes me).[234]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 228, n. 18.[235]Ibidem, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 365, n. 46, fol. 32.[236]Berardi,op. cit., pp. 36-7.[237]Archivo de Simancas, Inq. de Logroño, Procesos de fe, Leg. 1.[238]Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap.XXI, § 6.[239]Ibidem, cap.XX, § 3.—De Sousa, Aphorism. Lib.I, cap. xxxiv, n. 40.—Alberghini, Man. Qualificator. cap. xxxi, § 1, n. 19.[240]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 1006, fol. 25.[241]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 227, n. 4.[242]Ibidem, Leg. 1.[243]Ibidem, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 4, n. 2, fol. 79.[244]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1; Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 66.[245]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 942, fol. 23; Leg. 1465, fol. 16.[246]Ibidem, Lib. 939, fol. 107; Lib. 942, fol. 38; Leg. 1465, fol. 16.[247]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 16, fol. 264.—Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 942, fol. 52.[248]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1465, fol. 16.[249]Ibidem, Lib. 890.[250]Ibidem, Lib. 939, fol. 107; Lib. 941, fol. 2; Leg. 1465, fol. 16.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 16, fol. 254.[251]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 107; Lib. 942, fol. 45; Leg. 1465, fol. 16.[252]Páramo, p. 875.[253]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1465, fol. 16.[254]Ibidem, Lib. 939, fol. 342.—De Sousa, Opusc. circa Constit. Pauli V, Tract.II, cap. 13, 21; Ejusd. Aphor. Inquis. Lib. 1, cap. xxxiv, n. 64, 65.—Alberghini, Man. Qualif. cap. xxxi, § 2, n. 3, 4.—Bibl. nacional MSS., V, 377, cap. xx, 9.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 61; Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 498.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 423.[255]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 876, fol. 208.

[128]Relacion hist. de la Judería de Sevilla, pp. 99-103.

[129]Archivo municipal de Sevilla,loc. cit., n. 52.

[130]Matute y Luquin, p. 211.

[131]Possadas, Triumphos de la Castidad contra la Luxuria diabolica de Molinos, Córdova, 1698.This is a second edition; a third appeared in Madrid, in 1775.

[131]Possadas, Triumphos de la Castidad contra la Luxuria diabolica de Molinos, Córdova, 1698.

This is a second edition; a third appeared in Madrid, in 1775.

[132]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 15; Leg. 12, n. 2, fol. 126.

[133]MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. XI.

[134]Matute y Luquin, pp. 216-23.

[135]Index of Vidal Marin, 1707, II, 195.

[136]Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. V, fol. 141, 144, 146, 150.—Archivo de Simancas, Inq. Legajos 418, 419 (números antiguos).—See Appendix for the abjuration, which summarizes the errors.

[137]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 876, fol. 153.—Llorente (Hist. crít. Cap.XLII, n. 15) places this case under Carlos III.

[138]Llorente, Hist. crít., cap.XL, art. ii, n. 1-14.

[139]There is an allusion to this edict in theRelacion de la Causa contra Don Pedro Fernández Ybarraran(MSS. of David Fergusson Esq.).

[140]Proceso contra Fray Eusebio de Villaroja (MSS. of David Fergusson Esq.).

[141]Lib. XIII de Cartas, fol. 192 (MSS. of Am. Philosophical Society).

[142]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.

[143]Ibidem, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.

[144]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 890, fol. 82.

[145]Ibidem, Lib. 890.—Matute y Luquin, p. 296.

[146]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 114, n. 18.

[147]Bibl. nationale de France, fonds espagnol 354, fol. 248-69.—Llorente, Hist. crít., cap.XVI, art. iv.—Miscelanea de Zapata (Mem. hist. español, XI, 70).—Cipriano de Valera, Dos Tratados, p. 480 (Reformistas antiguos españoles).—Ribadeneira, Vit. Ign. Loyolæ, Lib.V, cap. 10.—Luigi de Granata, Vita di Giovanni d’Avila, p. 143 (Romæ, 1746).—Matute y Luquin, p. 18.—Simancæ de Cath. Institt. Tit.XXI, n. 24.A French translation of the sentence and confession has been printed by M. Campan, in the appendix to theMémoires de Francisco de Enzinas.

A French translation of the sentence and confession has been printed by M. Campan, in the appendix to theMémoires de Francisco de Enzinas.

[148]Godoy Alcántara, Historia de los falsos Cronicones, p. 2.—Cf. V. de la Fuente, Hist. ecles., III, 255.

[149]Relatione del Miracolo delle Stimmate, venute nuovamente ad una Monacha dell’ Ordine di S. Domenico, in Portogallo, nella Città di Lisbona.—Bologna, 1584.—Printed also in Rome and in Verona.

[150]Cipriano de Valera, Enjambre de falsos Milagros, pp. 564, sqq. Usoz y Rio, in his notes to this reprint, in hisReformistas antiguos, says that Valera’s versions are faithfully made from “Les grands Miracles et les Tressainctes Plaies advenuz à la R. Mère Prieure du Monasteire de l’Anonciade.” A Paris par Jean Bressant, 1586.

[151]Cipriano de Valera, pp. 575-80.—Páramo, pp. 233-4, 302-4.In 1650, Padre Diego Tello, S. J., in an opinion given to the Granada tribunal alludes to the political objects of Sor María’s impostures, as though it was a well-known fact.—MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 17.

[151]Cipriano de Valera, pp. 575-80.—Páramo, pp. 233-4, 302-4.

In 1650, Padre Diego Tello, S. J., in an opinion given to the Granada tribunal alludes to the political objects of Sor María’s impostures, as though it was a well-known fact.—MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 17.

[152]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 700.

[153]Ibidem, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 113, n. 6.

[154]Cartas de Jesuitas (Mem. hist. español, XIII, 49, 51).

[155]Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 111, fol. 127.

[156]MSS. of Bodleian Library, Arch. S., 130.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap.XXI, § 7.

[157]Cartas de Jesuitas (op. cit., XIII, 42, 51, 457).—Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 17.

[158]Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap. xxi, § 5.

[159]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.

[160]Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 405, n. 66.

[161]Olmo, Relacion, pp. 201-3, 240.

[162]MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. XI.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.

[163]Royal Library of Berlin, Qt. 9548.

[164]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.

[165]Menéndez y Pelayo, III, 405.—MSS. of Archivo municipal de Sevilla, Seccion especial, Siglo XVIII, Letra A, T. 4, n. 56.—Cartas del Filósofo rancio. II, 495 (Madrid, 1824).

[166]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.

[167]Llorente, Hist. crít., cap.XLIII, art. iv, n. 1.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 115, n. 25; Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.By edict of June 23, 1805, all writings in which credit of any kind was given to the favors which the beata pretended to have received from heaven were absolutely prohibited.—Suplemento al Indice expurgatorio, p. 25 (Madrid, 1805).

[167]Llorente, Hist. crít., cap.XLIII, art. iv, n. 1.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 115, n. 25; Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.

By edict of June 23, 1805, all writings in which credit of any kind was given to the favors which the beata pretended to have received from heaven were absolutely prohibited.—Suplemento al Indice expurgatorio, p. 25 (Madrid, 1805).

[168]Llorente,loc. cit., n. 2.—Archivo, hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.

[169]Extracto de la Causa seguida á Sor Patrocinio (Madrid, 1865).

[170]Revista Cristiana, Marzo-Abril, 1891 (Madrid).Spain is by no means the only seat of these manifestations. In 1848 there was at Niederbronn, near Strassburg, a bride of Christ named Elizabeth Eppinger who, though denied the supreme favor of the stigmata, had trances and visions and the gift of prophecy. She founded the Order ofFilles du Redempteur, over which she presided as Sœur Alphonse.—Abbé Busson, Lettres sur l’Extatique de Niederbronn (Besançon, 1849-53).The grace of the stigmata is likewise not uncommon. About 1825 there flourished Katharine Emmerich, the nun of Dülmen, and contemporary with her were three girls in Tyrol, Maria von Mörl, Domenica Lazzari and Crescenzia Nicklutsch, all of whom enjoyed also the customary visions and ecstasies. The learned Joseph Görres was one of the believing pilgrims who put on record his experiences. At the same time Provence boasted of a similarbeata, Madame Miollis, known as thestigmatisée du Var, at Villecroze.—Die Tyrolen ekstasischen Jungfrauen (Regensburg, 1843).—Nicolas, L’extatique et les stigmatisées du Tyrol (Paris, 1844).—Boré, Les stigmatisées du Tyrol, 2e. Ed. (Paris, 1846).The more recent case of Louise Lateau, in Belgium, is well known. All this, however, is trivial in comparison with the development of stigmatisation among the followers of Pierre-Michel Vintras, in France. In 1850 it was reckoned that no less than three hundred were favored with this distinguishing mark of divine approval.—André, Affaire Rose Tamisier, p. 5 (Carpentras, 1851).

[170]Revista Cristiana, Marzo-Abril, 1891 (Madrid).

Spain is by no means the only seat of these manifestations. In 1848 there was at Niederbronn, near Strassburg, a bride of Christ named Elizabeth Eppinger who, though denied the supreme favor of the stigmata, had trances and visions and the gift of prophecy. She founded the Order ofFilles du Redempteur, over which she presided as Sœur Alphonse.—Abbé Busson, Lettres sur l’Extatique de Niederbronn (Besançon, 1849-53).

The grace of the stigmata is likewise not uncommon. About 1825 there flourished Katharine Emmerich, the nun of Dülmen, and contemporary with her were three girls in Tyrol, Maria von Mörl, Domenica Lazzari and Crescenzia Nicklutsch, all of whom enjoyed also the customary visions and ecstasies. The learned Joseph Görres was one of the believing pilgrims who put on record his experiences. At the same time Provence boasted of a similarbeata, Madame Miollis, known as thestigmatisée du Var, at Villecroze.—Die Tyrolen ekstasischen Jungfrauen (Regensburg, 1843).—Nicolas, L’extatique et les stigmatisées du Tyrol (Paris, 1844).—Boré, Les stigmatisées du Tyrol, 2e. Ed. (Paris, 1846).

The more recent case of Louise Lateau, in Belgium, is well known. All this, however, is trivial in comparison with the development of stigmatisation among the followers of Pierre-Michel Vintras, in France. In 1850 it was reckoned that no less than three hundred were favored with this distinguishing mark of divine approval.—André, Affaire Rose Tamisier, p. 5 (Carpentras, 1851).

[171]S. Th. Aquin. Summæ Suppl. Q.VIII, art. 4.—Astesani Summæ, Lib.V, Tit. xiii, Q. 2.—Summa Sylvestrina s. v.Confessor,I, §§ 10-11.

[172]Guidonis de Monte Rocherii Manip. Curator. P.II, Tract, iii, cap. 9.

[173]S. Antonini Summæ, P.III, Tit. xiv, cap. 19, § 8.

[174]S. Th. Aquin. in IV Sentt., Dist.XIX, Q. 1, art. 3.—Joh. Friburgens. Summæ Confessor., Lib.III, Tit. xxxiv, Q. 65.

[175]Burriel, Vidas de los Arzobispos de Toledo (Bibl. nacional, MSS. Ff, 194, fol. 9).

[176]Concil. Valentin, ann. 1565, Tit. ii, cap. 17 (Aguirre, V, 417).—C. Mediolanensis I, ann. 1565, cap. 6 (Harduin. X, 653).—C. Provin. Mediolanens. IV, ann. 1576 (Acta Eccles. Mediolanens. I, 146).—Rituale Roman., Tit. iii, cap. 1.

[177]MSS. of David Fergusson, Esq.—Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Sala 39, Leg. 4, fol. 34, 55, 81.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 2, fol. 236, 237.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., PV, fol. C, 17, n. 38.

[178]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 16, n. 6, fol. 9.

[179]Gratiani Decret. Caus. xxx, q. i, can. 8, 9, 10.—Constitt. R. Poore, cap. 9 (Harduin. VII, 91).

[180]Salcedo, Practica criminalis canonica, p. 276 (Compluti, 1587).For an instructive sketch of Ghiberti by Miss M. A. Tucker, see English Hist. Review, Jan.-July, 1903.

[180]Salcedo, Practica criminalis canonica, p. 276 (Compluti, 1587).

For an instructive sketch of Ghiberti by Miss M. A. Tucker, see English Hist. Review, Jan.-July, 1903.

[181]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 233, n. 100.

[182]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 231, n. 71.

[183]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 374.

[184]Pauli PP. IV Bull.Cum sicut nuper, 16 Apr., 1559 (Bullar. Roman. II, 48).

[185]Páramo, p. 880.

[186]Pii PP. IV, Const. 51,Pastoris æterni, 1 Apr. 1562. It is perhaps suggestive that in the Luxemburg Bullarium (III, 71) the omission of the wordnoncompletely reverses the purport of the brief. It will be found correctly printed in Cherubini’s edition.

[187]Páramo, p. 881.

[188]Pauli PP. V, Const.Cum sicut nuper, 16 Sept. 1608 (Trimarchi de Confessario abutente etc. Tractat., pp. 7, 10.—Genuæ, 1636).—Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1465. fol. 16.

[189]Trimarchi, pp. 10, 11.

[190]Bullar. Roman. III, 484.—Trimarchi, pp. 14-18.

[191]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Lib.VIIIde autos, Leg. 2, fol. 114.

[192]Ant. de Sousa, Opusc. circa Constit. Pauli V, Tract.I, cap. 20.

[193]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 371.—Archivo hist. nacional,ubi sup.

[194]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 212; Gracia y Justicia, Inq., Leg. 631, fol. 27.

[195]MSS. of Bodleian Library, Arch, S, 130.

[196]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 1, n. 6, fol. 274, 393.—Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1465, fol. 16.The clause concerning solicitation in the Edict of Faith, published at Valencia, Feb. 24, 1630, shows this and also the devices used to elude the technical definition of the offence. “Or, whether any confessor or confessors, clerics or religious of whatever station pre-eminence or condition, in the act of confession or immediately before or after it, or with occasion or appearance of confession, although there is no opportunity and no confession may have followed, but in the confessional or any place where confessions are made, or which is destined for that purpose, when the impression is produced that confession is being made or heard, have solicited or attempted to solicit any one, inducing or provoking them to foul and indecent acts, whether between the penitent and confessor or others, or have held indecent and illicit conversation with them. And we exhort and order all confessors to admonish their penitents, whom they understand to have been solicited, of the obligation to denounce the solicitors to this Holy Office, which has exclusive cognizance of this crime.”—Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Lib. 7 de Autos, Leg. 2, fol. 114.

[196]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 1, n. 6, fol. 274, 393.—Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1465, fol. 16.

The clause concerning solicitation in the Edict of Faith, published at Valencia, Feb. 24, 1630, shows this and also the devices used to elude the technical definition of the offence. “Or, whether any confessor or confessors, clerics or religious of whatever station pre-eminence or condition, in the act of confession or immediately before or after it, or with occasion or appearance of confession, although there is no opportunity and no confession may have followed, but in the confessional or any place where confessions are made, or which is destined for that purpose, when the impression is produced that confession is being made or heard, have solicited or attempted to solicit any one, inducing or provoking them to foul and indecent acts, whether between the penitent and confessor or others, or have held indecent and illicit conversation with them. And we exhort and order all confessors to admonish their penitents, whom they understand to have been solicited, of the obligation to denounce the solicitors to this Holy Office, which has exclusive cognizance of this crime.”—Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Lib. 7 de Autos, Leg. 2, fol. 114.

[197]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Lib. 7 de Autos, Leg. 2, fol. 114.

[198]“Cuyo conocimiento pertenece al Santo Oficio de la Inquisition, sin embargo del Breve de la Santidad de Gregorio XV expedido en treinta de Agusto de 1622 años, por declaracion suya, para las Inquisiciones de los Reynos de su Magestad, toca privativamente el castigo de este delito al Santo Oficio y no á los obispos ni á sus vicarios, provisores ni ordinarios.”—Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, p. 148.

[199]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 28, fol. 246; Lib. 890.

[200]Ibidem, Lib. 939, fol. 107; Lib. 942, fol. 23, 31; Leg. 1465, fol. 16.—It is scarce worth while to refer to the wild story of Gonzáles de Móntes (Inquis. hist. artes detectæ, p. 185) that in Seville this brought in so many denunciations that twenty secretaries and as many inquisitors were unable to take them down within the thirty days allowed and that four prolongations of the time were required.

[201]Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 216, n. 60.

[202]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1665, fol. 16; Lib. 939, fol. 107; Lib. 942, fol. 31.

[203]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 16, fol. 254.—Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 83, fol. 25.The Roman Inquisition tardily followed the example of the Spanish in a decree of 1677.—Berardi de Sollicitatione et Absolutione Complicis, p. 6 (Faventiæ, 1897).

[203]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 16, fol. 254.—Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 83, fol. 25.

The Roman Inquisition tardily followed the example of the Spanish in a decree of 1677.—Berardi de Sollicitatione et Absolutione Complicis, p. 6 (Faventiæ, 1897).

[204]“La experiencia acredita que muchos contestes, singularmente mugeres y en causas de solicitacion, nada declaran, ya por miedo, ya por vergüenza, ya por una falsa caridad, de que tiene el Santo Oficio freqüentes y lastimosas experiencias.”—Instrucion que han de guardar los Comisarios, n. 21.

[205]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 227, n. 7.

[206]Ibidem, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 15.

[207]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 371.

[208]Bibl. nacional, MSS., B, 159, fol. 161-2. For various speculations on the subject see Rod. a Cunha pro PP. Pauli V Statuto, Q. xix (Benavente, 1611).—Ant. de Sousa Opusc. circa Constit. Pauli V, Tract. ii, cap. 7-10.

[209]Card. Cozza, Dubia selecta circa Solicitationem, Dub.XLII(Lovanii, 1750).

[210]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 365, n. 46.

[211]Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap.XX.

[212]MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 264.

[213]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1465, fol. 16.—MSS. of Bibl. nacional de Lima, Protocolo 223, Expte5270.

[214]Rod. a Cunha, Q.XIV,XV.—Ant. de Sousa, Tit.I, cap. 19.—Matteucci Cautela Confessarii, Lib.I, cap. 5, n. 3 (Venetiis, 1710).—Cozza, Dub.XVII.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap.XX.

[215]Ant. de Sousa, Tract.I, cap.XV.

[216]There were many probabilist authorities who held that the fact that such acts as kissing, pressing the hands, handling the breasts, etc., were committed in the confessional did not change them from venial to mortal sins. See Del Bene de Officio S. Inquis. P.II, Dub. 237, Sect. 3, n. 3 (Lugduni, 1666). Cf. Cozza, Dub.III, n. 18.In 1743 a lively controversy arose between the rigorists and the Jesuits over theTatti mammillaricaused by a proposition of Father Benzi S. J. that stroking the cheeks of nuns and handling their breasts were venial, when unaccompanied with depraved intentions.—Concina, Explicazione di quattro Paradossi, cap. 1 § 1 (Lucca, 1746).

In 1743 a lively controversy arose between the rigorists and the Jesuits over theTatti mammillaricaused by a proposition of Father Benzi S. J. that stroking the cheeks of nuns and handling their breasts were venial, when unaccompanied with depraved intentions.—Concina, Explicazione di quattro Paradossi, cap. 1 § 1 (Lucca, 1746).

[217]Cozza, Dub.III,IV,V.—Fran. Bordoni Sacrum Tribunal Judicum, cap.XXIII, n. 53-61 (Romæ, 1648); Ejusd. Manuale Consultorum, Sect,XXV, n. 91 (Romæ, 1693).

[218]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 365, n. 46, fol. 26.

[219]Rod. a Cunha, Q.XVII.—Ant. de Sousa, Tract. I, cap. xiv.—Jo. Sánchez, Disputationes Selectæ, Disp.XI, n. 43, 44 (Ludguni, 1636).

[220]Rod. a Cunha, Q.XIV.—Ant. de Sousa, Tract.I, cap. xi.—Cozza, Dub.XXXVII.—Trimarchi, p. 160.—Bibl. nacional, MSS., B, fol. 160.

[221]Trimarchi, p. 145.—Cozza, Dub.XXXVIII.

[222]Páramo, p. 886.

[223]A Cunha, Q.IX,XI.—De Sousa, Tract. I, cap. vi, vii, xvii.—Alberghini Manuale Qualificatorum, cap.XXXI, § 1, n. 10, 11, 17.—Trimarchi, pp. 193, 199, 2O1, 212.—Cozza, Dub.IX,X,XI.—Bodoni Manuale, Sect.XXV, n. 169—Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap.XX, §§ 5, 10.

[224]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 376.—Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Registro de Solicitantes, A, 7, fol. 2 (Lib. 1002, fol. 2).

[225]The more important of these decisions were—3 There is noparvitas materiæin solicitation.8 When the solicitation is mutual, the confessor is to be denounced.9 A confessor yielding to solicitation through fear is to be denounced.10 Solicitation in other sacraments does not fall within the papal bulls.11 Solicitation to other than carnal sins during confession does not require denunciation.12 When a confessor praises the beauty of a penitent, if the praise is serious and without evil intention, he is not liable to denunciation; if otherwise, he is.13 If a confessor sitting in a confessional solicits a woman standing before him without pretext of confession he is probably not liable to denunciation.14 A confessor who makes during confession a present to the penitent, without evil intention is not liable to denunciation; otherwise he is.—Berardi de Sollicitatione, p. 5.

[225]The more important of these decisions were—

3 There is noparvitas materiæin solicitation.

8 When the solicitation is mutual, the confessor is to be denounced.

9 A confessor yielding to solicitation through fear is to be denounced.

10 Solicitation in other sacraments does not fall within the papal bulls.

11 Solicitation to other than carnal sins during confession does not require denunciation.

12 When a confessor praises the beauty of a penitent, if the praise is serious and without evil intention, he is not liable to denunciation; if otherwise, he is.

13 If a confessor sitting in a confessional solicits a woman standing before him without pretext of confession he is probably not liable to denunciation.

14 A confessor who makes during confession a present to the penitent, without evil intention is not liable to denunciation; otherwise he is.—Berardi de Sollicitatione, p. 5.

[226]Bullar. Roman. T. VI, Append. p. 1.

[227]Bullar. Benedicti PP. XIV, T. I, p. 23-4.

[228]Bullar. Roman.ubi sup.

[229]Bullar. Benedicti PP. XIV,loc. cit.

[230]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1; Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 365, n. 46.—Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 890.

[231]Joh. Sánchez Disputt. Select., Disp. xi, n. 3, 4.—Juan Sánchez was one of the laxer moral theologians of the seventeenth century, some of whose propositions incurred papal censure, but this escaped. Hurter characterizes him as “in morum doctrina versatissimus.”—Nomenclator Theol. Cathol. I, 414.

[232]Ant. de Sousa, Tract. II, cap.XX.—Berardi de Sollicitatione, p. 129.—Il Consulente Ecclesiastico, Vol. IV, p. 19 (1899).—S. Alph. de Ligorio Theol. Moral. Lib.VII, n. 519. Podestà, however, tells us that in his time, in the diocese of Naples, it was reserved to the bishop.—Examen ecclesiasticum, T. II, n. 601 (Venetiis, 1728).

[233]Proceso contra el Dr. Pedro Mendizabal (MS.penes me).

[234]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 228, n. 18.

[235]Ibidem, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 365, n. 46, fol. 32.

[236]Berardi,op. cit., pp. 36-7.

[237]Archivo de Simancas, Inq. de Logroño, Procesos de fe, Leg. 1.

[238]Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap.XXI, § 6.

[239]Ibidem, cap.XX, § 3.—De Sousa, Aphorism. Lib.I, cap. xxxiv, n. 40.—Alberghini, Man. Qualificator. cap. xxxi, § 1, n. 19.

[240]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 1006, fol. 25.

[241]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 227, n. 4.

[242]Ibidem, Leg. 1.

[243]Ibidem, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 4, n. 2, fol. 79.

[244]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1; Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 66.

[245]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 942, fol. 23; Leg. 1465, fol. 16.

[246]Ibidem, Lib. 939, fol. 107; Lib. 942, fol. 38; Leg. 1465, fol. 16.

[247]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 16, fol. 264.—Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 942, fol. 52.

[248]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1465, fol. 16.

[249]Ibidem, Lib. 890.

[250]Ibidem, Lib. 939, fol. 107; Lib. 941, fol. 2; Leg. 1465, fol. 16.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 16, fol. 254.

[251]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 107; Lib. 942, fol. 45; Leg. 1465, fol. 16.

[252]Páramo, p. 875.

[253]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1465, fol. 16.

[254]Ibidem, Lib. 939, fol. 342.—De Sousa, Opusc. circa Constit. Pauli V, Tract.II, cap. 13, 21; Ejusd. Aphor. Inquis. Lib. 1, cap. xxxiv, n. 64, 65.—Alberghini, Man. Qualif. cap. xxxi, § 2, n. 3, 4.—Bibl. nacional MSS., V, 377, cap. xx, 9.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 61; Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 498.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 423.

[255]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 876, fol. 208.

Back to Index Next