[256]Bodoni Man. Consultorum, pp. 224, 232, 235.—Cf. Trimarchum pp. 288-92.[257]MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, pp. 386-7.[258]Cozza,op. cit., Dub.XIV. This is still the rule. See Concil. Plenar. Americæ Latinæ, ann. 1899, Append,CXXXII, T. II, p. 761 (Romæ, 1900).[259]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 299.[260]Ibidem, Leg. 228, n. 24.[261]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1473 (Cartilla de Comisarios, §§ ix, x).—Ibidem, Lib. 890, fol. 156.[262]Ibidem, Lib. 83, fol. 25.[263]MSS. of Bibl. nacional, de Lima, Protocolo 233, Expte5270.[264]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1465, fol. 16.[265]Páramo, p. 879.[266]A Cunha,op. cit., Q.XXIII.—De Sousa,op. cit., Tract.II, cap. 12.[267]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 1.[268]Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap. xx.—In modern practice, under the regulations issued by the Roman Inquisitors, in 1867, a first and a second denunciation only cause the accused to be watched and a third one is necessary to justify action.—Berardi, p 126.[269]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 365.[270]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 1002, fol. 2-4.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 66; Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 233, n. 108, fol. 90, 97, 140, 181.[271]MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen 218b, p. 264.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 2, fol. 38.[272]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 1002.[273]Ibidem, Leg. 1465, fol. 16.[274]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1465, fol. 16.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 265.[275]Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5443(Lib. 4).[276]A Cunha, Q.XXIV.—De Sousa, Tract.II, cap. 16, 18, 21.[277]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 6, 22, 23, 29.There was more wholesome severity in Rome. In 1626 the Congregation of the Inquisition reserved to itself the designation of the penalty (Collect. Decret. Sac. Congr. S. Officii, p. 397—MS.penes me). Some ten years later Trimarchus (op. cit., pp. 302, 304) after enumerating the punishments decreed by Gregory, adds that in practice, if the culprit has only once solicited an ordinary woman, deprivation of confessing suffices; if two, repeatedly, add suspension of priestly functions and, for a regular, especially if there has been scandal, perpetual reclusion in a convent or, for a secular, perpetual service in a hospital. If the penitent solicited is a nun or the wife of a magnate, or there are many women and much popular scandal, degradation or the galleys.Although Gregory included relaxation, Benedict XIV (De Synodo Diœcesana, Lib.IX, cap. vi, n. 7) says that in no case, however aggravated, can it be found that relaxation had been inflicted, and this is repeated by Fray Manuel de Nájera in hisEnchiridion canonico-morale de Confess.p. 161 (Mexico, 1764).[278]Bibl. national, MSS., V, 377, cap. xx.[279]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 290, fol. 80.[280]Ibidem, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 229, n. 32.[281]Ibidem, Leg. 1.[282]Proceso contra Fray Estevan Ramoneda (MSS. of Am. Phil. Society).[283]Quia ex sola publica effusione seminis aut sanguinis humani ecclesia polluitur.—Clericati de Virtute Pænitentice Decisiones, p. 214 (Vinetiis, 1706).[284]MSS. of Trinity College, Dublin, ClassII, Vol. IV, pp. 63, 294.—Berardi,op. cit., p. 129.—Cf. Benedicti PP. XIV de Synodo Diœcesana, Lib.VI, cap. xi, n. &.[285]MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.[286]Ibidem, T. XI.[287]Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap. XX, § 8.[288]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 876, fol. 32.[289]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 231, n. 70.[290]MSS. of David Fergusson Esq.[291]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 365, n. 45, fol. 4-12.[292]MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 387.[293]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 4, n. 2, fol. 79.[294]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 1006.[295]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 227, n. 10; Leg. 228, n. 28.[296]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 890.[297]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 5.[298]Llorente, Hist. crít., cap.XXVIII, art. 1, n. 17.[299]MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.[300]The Dominican Maestro Alvarado, in his heated defence of the Inquisition, in 1811, calls attention to the fact that, in its later period, its penitents were largely ecclesiastics, because firstly their theology exposed them to uttering compromising propositions; secondly, “porque solos los clérigos y frailes son los que confiesan y todos saben muy bien lo peligroso de este materia y los muchos que en él han naufragado.”—Cartas del Filosofo Rancio, I, 316 (Madrid, 1824).[301]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.[302]These statistics are compiled from various registers, covering respectively portions of the period. There are some minor breaks, which would increase the aggregate somewhat, but not materially. See Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 233, n. 108; Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 66.—Archivo de Simancas, Libros 1002, 1003, 1004.There is perhaps some interest in recording the respective responsibilities of the various classes and orders of the clergy for these delinquents, as follows:Secular priests, canons etc981Franciscans, Conventual and Barefooted552Observantines506Capuchins183Recollects56Carmelites355Dominicans288Augustinians156Trinitarians144Mercenarians131Jesuits92Minims69Benedictines35Geronimites30San Pedro de Alcántara29Clérigos Menores20Congr. of San Filippo Neri20Bernardines (Cistercians)20Escuelas Pias16Basilians16S. Francisco de Asis5N. Señora de la Vitoria5Order of Santiago4Order of Calatrava3Theatins3Servites3Misioneros2Agonizantes2Hermits of St. Paul2San Juan2Premonstratensians2Ex-Jesuits2Carthusians1St. Ursula1San Diego1Not specified38The comparatively small number of Jesuits, who devoted themselves so greatly to the confessional, is partly explicable by the expulsion of the Society in 1767.[303]Puigblanch, La Inquisicion sin Mascara, pp. 422-5 (Cádiz, 1811).[304]Instruct. S. Inquis. Roman. 20 Feb. 1867 (Collect. Concil. Lacens. III, 353).—Berardi,op. cit.[305]A priest, who could speak from experience, concisely described, in 1820, the conditions produced by the system “En donde la doctrina infernal de la delacion tenia en una habitual consternacion á las familias y á los individuos que se correspondian con la mutua desconfianza que inspiraba el continuo recelo de encontrar en amigo, en el padre, en el hijo, en la esposa, un verdugo que armado con el puñal del fanatismo religioso contribuyese á los asesinatos naturales que solo Dios conosce y a los civiles que no son tan desconocidos.”—P Antonio Bernabeu, España venturosa, p. xvi (Madrid, 1820).[306]Theologians had a storehouse of epithets with which to characterize the various classes of propositions. A few of the more usual, with their significance, are given by Alberghini (Man. Qualificator. cap. xii, n. 1-18) as follows:—Heretical—one which is contrary to Catholic truth.Erroneous—that which does not directly contradict the faith, but some conclusion evidently deducible from the faith.Savoring of heresy—not contradicting the faith by evident consequence, but by very probable and morally certain consequence.Ill-sounding—that which has a double sense, one Catholic and the other heretic, but usually accepted in the latter.Rash—that which is not governed by reason and lacks all authority.Scandalous or offensive to pious ears—that which gives occasion to another to err, such as “heretics are to be tolerated and not to be slain.”Schismatic or seditious—tending to disrupt the unity of the Church.Impious—contrary to Catholic piety.Insulting—defamatory of some Christian profession or illustrious person.Blasphemous—insulting to God.Simancas (Enchirid., Tit. xxiv) gives a similar list. Dandino (De Suspectis de Hæresi, pp. 477-512) a more elaborate exposition. There was no limit, however, to the vituperative vocabulary of the Church. A choice collection of additional ones will be found in the bullAuctorem fideiof Pius VI (1794), condemning the Jansenist Council of Pistoja.[307]MS. Memoria de diversos Autos, Auto 27, n. 10; Auto 37, n. 5 (See Appendix to Vol. I).[308]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 112, n. 73.[309]D. Manuel Serrano y Sanz (Revista de Archivos, Abril, 1902, pp. 260-80). This Alvaro de Montalvan was father-in-law of Francisco de Rojas, author of La Celestina, who was also a Converso.[310]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Vistas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 9, 20.The utterance of Clemenza Paresa seems to have been a popular saying. In 1572 Rodríguez Rúiz was penanced for it in the Canaries.—Ibidem, Canarias, Exptesde Visitas, Leg. 250, Lib. 3, fol. 8.[311]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Canarias, Exptesde Visitas, Lib. 3, fol. 16-17.[312]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 30.[313]Rojas de Hæret. P. I, n. 2, 67, 96; P. II, n. 310-13.[314]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 299, fol. 80.[315]MSS. of the Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.[316]Elucidationes S. Officii, § 36 (Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5442, Lib. 4).[317]C. Trident Sess.XXIV, De Statu Matrimonii, can. 10.—“Si quis dixerit statum conjugalem anteponendum esse statui virginitatis vel cœlibatus et non esse melius ac beatius manere in virginitate aut cœlibatu quam jungi matrimonio: anathema sit.”[318]MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.[319]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 299, fol. 80.[320]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 926, fol. 25.[321]Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap. 2.[322]S. Antonini Confessionale.[323]Archivo de Simancas, Hacienda, Leg. 25, fol. 3.[324]Ibidem, Inq., Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 264.[325]Schäfer, Beiträge, II, 324.[326]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 787.[327]Ibidem, Lib. 82, fol. 228; Lib. 939, fol. 108; Lib. 942, fol. 38.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 168.[328]Bibl. nacional, MSS., S, 121, fol. 54.—Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1157, fol. 155.[329]MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.[330]Bibl. nacional, MSS., PV, 3, n. 20.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 99; Leg. 2, n. 10.[331]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 342; Leg. 552, fol. 1.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 260.[332]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 926, fol. 25; Lib. 1002.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.—MS.penes me.[333]Hurter, Nomenclator Theologiæ Catholicæ, I, 158.—Nic. Antonii Bibl nova, a.v.Ludovicus de Leon.—Greg. Mayans y Siscar, Vida del M. Luis de Leon, n. 37.—Ticknor, History of Spanish Literature, II, 87, 89 (Ed 1864).There is considerable literature on the subject of Fray Luis’s troubles with the Inquisition. The records of his first trial, omitting superfluities, occupy 925 pages in Vols. X and XI of theColeccion de Documentos inéditos. His second trial has more recently seen the light, with an introduction by Padre Francisco Blanco García, Madrid, 1896.Fray Luis de Leon. Eine Biographie aus der Geschichte der spanischen Inquisition u. Kirche(Halle, 1866) by Dr. C. A. Wilkens is an eloquent and sympathetic account of his career, while Dr. Fr. Heinrich Reusch’sLuis de Leon u. der spanische Inquisition(Bonn, 1873) is a scholarly investigation of the case, in so far as documents accessible at the time would permit. The Lic. Arango y Escandon has contributed theProceso del P. M. Luis de Leon(Mexico, 1856, revised and enlarged in 1866), in which he justifies both the Inquisition and the sufferer. The latest contribution to the subject, based on additional documents, is by the Dominican Fray Luis G. Alonso Getino, in theRevista de Archivos(1903-4) in justification of the Inquisition. Padre Blanco has also written anEstúdio biográfico-critico de Fr. Luis de Leon, which I have not had an opportunity of consulting. The old rivalry between Dominicans and Augustinians seems to be still alive.[334]Azpilcueta Comment. Cap.Si quis autem, n. 44-47.—Coleccion de Documentos, X, 193; XI, 276.[335]Coleccion, X, 261; XI, 256, 259.[336]C. Trident. Sess.IV, De Edit. et Usu SS. Libb.[337]Coleccion, X, 115, 129.[338]Ibidem, X, 102, sqq.[339]Coleccion, X, 96-110.[340]Ibidem, X, 179.[341]Ibidem, X, 206-8.[342]Coleccion, X, 249; XI, 255-84.[343]There is no record of this in the process, but Fray Luis refers to it repeatedly both to the tribunal and to the Suprema, and there is no disclaimer.—Coleccion, XI, 48, 190, 196.[344]Coleccion, X, 562-7; XI, 7-18, 21-128.[345]Ibidem, XI, 164-86.[346]Coleccion, XI, 187-253.[347]Ibidem, XI, 351-3.[348]Coleccion, XI, 353-8.—Fray Luis attributed this unexpected mercy to the influence of Inquisitor-general Quiroga, to whom, in 1580, he dedicated his Exposition of the XXVI Psalm, with warm expressions of gratitude.—García, Segundo Proceso, p. 17.[349]Coleccion, XI, 147.[350]Coleccion, XI, 50, 52.[351]Ibidem, XI, 188, 193-4.[352]Ibidem, XI, 196-8.[353]Reusch, 113-14.—Arango y Escandon, p. 91.—Padre Alonso Getino (Revista de Archivos, Agosto-Sept., 1903) promises to give us an account of the trial of Martínez who was obliged to abjurede levi(Menéndez y Pelayo, II, 693).Leon de Castro varied his persecution of Luis de Leon, Grajal and Martínez, by attacking the great Biblia Regia, which Arias Montano, the most learned Spaniard of the age, edited at the instance and with the support of Philip II. After its appearance with the approbation of the Holy See, de Castro, in 1575, in his zeal for the Vulgate, filled Spain, Flanders and Italy with denunciations of it and its editor. Montano, who was in Flanders, hastened to Spain by way of Italy to defend himself, but, finding much agitation on the subject in Rome, tarried there and wrote to Quiroga to protect him—an appeal which he repeated in 1579. He was not prosecuted, but the Inquisition fell foul of his biblical commentaries and placed on the Index a long list of expurgations, besides condemning some of his propositions—fortunately for him long after his death.—Coleccion de Documentos, XLI, 316, 321, 328, 387.—Index of Zapata, 1632, pp. 86-89.[354]García, Segundo Proceso, pp. 20-23, 29-30.[355]Ibidem, pp. 20-1, 26-7, 44.[356]García, pp. 28-35.[357]Ibidem, pp. 52-4.[358]Ibidem, p. 53.[359]The existing records of the trials of Sánchez are printed in Vol. II of the “Coleccion de Documentos inéditos.”The only one of his works which I have had an opportunity of examining is his “Minerva” (Salmanticæ, 1587), which sufficiently illustrates his capacity of enlivening the details of etymology and syntax with his caustic assertion of superior knowledge.[360]Coleccion, II, 1-37.[361]Ibidem, II, 40-45.[362]Coleccion, II, 40-58.[363]Coleccion, II, 57-88.[364]Ibidem, II, 89-109.[365]Coleccion, II, 109-26.[366]Ibidem, II, 127-8.[367]Ibidem, II 130-5.[368]Coleccion, II, 136-65.[369]Proceso contra Fray Joseph de Sigüenza (MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. IV).[370]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 1.[371]MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.[372]Modo de Proceder, fol. 67 (Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 122).[373]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq., Leg. 1.[374]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 45, fol. 13-33.[375]MSS. of Am. Philosophical Society.[376]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.[377]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.[378]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 890; Lib. 4352.[379]Ibidem, Lib. 890.[380]Mariana, Hist. de España, Lib.VI, n. 75.—José Amador de los Rios (Revista de España, XVII, 388).[381]Flores de las Leyes (Memorial hist. español, II, 243).[382]Partidas, P.VII, Tit. ix, ley 17; Tit. xxiii, leyes 1, 2, 3.[383]Amador de los Rios,op. cit., XVII, 382, 384-5.[384]Ibidem, XVIII, 14.[385]Flores, España Sagrada, XLIX, 188, 504.[386]Astesani de Ast Summa de Casibus Conscientiæ, P.I, Lib. i, Tit. 14.[387]Raynald. Annal, ann. 1317, n. 52-4; ann. 1318, n. 57; ann. 1320, n. 51; ann. 1327, n. 43.—Bullar. Roman. I, 204.—Ripoll, Bullar. Ord. Prædic. II, 192.
[256]Bodoni Man. Consultorum, pp. 224, 232, 235.—Cf. Trimarchum pp. 288-92.
[256]Bodoni Man. Consultorum, pp. 224, 232, 235.—Cf. Trimarchum pp. 288-92.
[257]MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, pp. 386-7.
[257]MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, pp. 386-7.
[258]Cozza,op. cit., Dub.XIV. This is still the rule. See Concil. Plenar. Americæ Latinæ, ann. 1899, Append,CXXXII, T. II, p. 761 (Romæ, 1900).
[258]Cozza,op. cit., Dub.XIV. This is still the rule. See Concil. Plenar. Americæ Latinæ, ann. 1899, Append,CXXXII, T. II, p. 761 (Romæ, 1900).
[259]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 299.
[259]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 299.
[260]Ibidem, Leg. 228, n. 24.
[260]Ibidem, Leg. 228, n. 24.
[261]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1473 (Cartilla de Comisarios, §§ ix, x).—Ibidem, Lib. 890, fol. 156.
[261]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1473 (Cartilla de Comisarios, §§ ix, x).—Ibidem, Lib. 890, fol. 156.
[262]Ibidem, Lib. 83, fol. 25.
[262]Ibidem, Lib. 83, fol. 25.
[263]MSS. of Bibl. nacional, de Lima, Protocolo 233, Expte5270.
[263]MSS. of Bibl. nacional, de Lima, Protocolo 233, Expte5270.
[264]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1465, fol. 16.
[264]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1465, fol. 16.
[265]Páramo, p. 879.
[265]Páramo, p. 879.
[266]A Cunha,op. cit., Q.XXIII.—De Sousa,op. cit., Tract.II, cap. 12.
[266]A Cunha,op. cit., Q.XXIII.—De Sousa,op. cit., Tract.II, cap. 12.
[267]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 1.
[267]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 1.
[268]Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap. xx.—In modern practice, under the regulations issued by the Roman Inquisitors, in 1867, a first and a second denunciation only cause the accused to be watched and a third one is necessary to justify action.—Berardi, p 126.
[268]Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap. xx.—In modern practice, under the regulations issued by the Roman Inquisitors, in 1867, a first and a second denunciation only cause the accused to be watched and a third one is necessary to justify action.—Berardi, p 126.
[269]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 365.
[269]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 365.
[270]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 1002, fol. 2-4.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 66; Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 233, n. 108, fol. 90, 97, 140, 181.
[270]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 1002, fol. 2-4.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 66; Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 233, n. 108, fol. 90, 97, 140, 181.
[271]MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen 218b, p. 264.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 2, fol. 38.
[271]MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen 218b, p. 264.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 2, fol. 38.
[272]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 1002.
[272]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 1002.
[273]Ibidem, Leg. 1465, fol. 16.
[273]Ibidem, Leg. 1465, fol. 16.
[274]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1465, fol. 16.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 265.
[274]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1465, fol. 16.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 265.
[275]Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5443(Lib. 4).
[275]Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5443(Lib. 4).
[276]A Cunha, Q.XXIV.—De Sousa, Tract.II, cap. 16, 18, 21.
[276]A Cunha, Q.XXIV.—De Sousa, Tract.II, cap. 16, 18, 21.
[277]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 6, 22, 23, 29.There was more wholesome severity in Rome. In 1626 the Congregation of the Inquisition reserved to itself the designation of the penalty (Collect. Decret. Sac. Congr. S. Officii, p. 397—MS.penes me). Some ten years later Trimarchus (op. cit., pp. 302, 304) after enumerating the punishments decreed by Gregory, adds that in practice, if the culprit has only once solicited an ordinary woman, deprivation of confessing suffices; if two, repeatedly, add suspension of priestly functions and, for a regular, especially if there has been scandal, perpetual reclusion in a convent or, for a secular, perpetual service in a hospital. If the penitent solicited is a nun or the wife of a magnate, or there are many women and much popular scandal, degradation or the galleys.Although Gregory included relaxation, Benedict XIV (De Synodo Diœcesana, Lib.IX, cap. vi, n. 7) says that in no case, however aggravated, can it be found that relaxation had been inflicted, and this is repeated by Fray Manuel de Nájera in hisEnchiridion canonico-morale de Confess.p. 161 (Mexico, 1764).
[277]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 6, 22, 23, 29.
There was more wholesome severity in Rome. In 1626 the Congregation of the Inquisition reserved to itself the designation of the penalty (Collect. Decret. Sac. Congr. S. Officii, p. 397—MS.penes me). Some ten years later Trimarchus (op. cit., pp. 302, 304) after enumerating the punishments decreed by Gregory, adds that in practice, if the culprit has only once solicited an ordinary woman, deprivation of confessing suffices; if two, repeatedly, add suspension of priestly functions and, for a regular, especially if there has been scandal, perpetual reclusion in a convent or, for a secular, perpetual service in a hospital. If the penitent solicited is a nun or the wife of a magnate, or there are many women and much popular scandal, degradation or the galleys.
Although Gregory included relaxation, Benedict XIV (De Synodo Diœcesana, Lib.IX, cap. vi, n. 7) says that in no case, however aggravated, can it be found that relaxation had been inflicted, and this is repeated by Fray Manuel de Nájera in hisEnchiridion canonico-morale de Confess.p. 161 (Mexico, 1764).
[278]Bibl. national, MSS., V, 377, cap. xx.
[278]Bibl. national, MSS., V, 377, cap. xx.
[279]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 290, fol. 80.
[279]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 290, fol. 80.
[280]Ibidem, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 229, n. 32.
[280]Ibidem, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 229, n. 32.
[281]Ibidem, Leg. 1.
[281]Ibidem, Leg. 1.
[282]Proceso contra Fray Estevan Ramoneda (MSS. of Am. Phil. Society).
[282]Proceso contra Fray Estevan Ramoneda (MSS. of Am. Phil. Society).
[283]Quia ex sola publica effusione seminis aut sanguinis humani ecclesia polluitur.—Clericati de Virtute Pænitentice Decisiones, p. 214 (Vinetiis, 1706).
[283]Quia ex sola publica effusione seminis aut sanguinis humani ecclesia polluitur.—Clericati de Virtute Pænitentice Decisiones, p. 214 (Vinetiis, 1706).
[284]MSS. of Trinity College, Dublin, ClassII, Vol. IV, pp. 63, 294.—Berardi,op. cit., p. 129.—Cf. Benedicti PP. XIV de Synodo Diœcesana, Lib.VI, cap. xi, n. &.
[284]MSS. of Trinity College, Dublin, ClassII, Vol. IV, pp. 63, 294.—Berardi,op. cit., p. 129.—Cf. Benedicti PP. XIV de Synodo Diœcesana, Lib.VI, cap. xi, n. &.
[285]MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.
[285]MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.
[286]Ibidem, T. XI.
[286]Ibidem, T. XI.
[287]Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap. XX, § 8.
[287]Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap. XX, § 8.
[288]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 876, fol. 32.
[288]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 876, fol. 32.
[289]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 231, n. 70.
[289]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 231, n. 70.
[290]MSS. of David Fergusson Esq.
[290]MSS. of David Fergusson Esq.
[291]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 365, n. 45, fol. 4-12.
[291]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 365, n. 45, fol. 4-12.
[292]MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 387.
[292]MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 387.
[293]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 4, n. 2, fol. 79.
[293]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 4, n. 2, fol. 79.
[294]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 1006.
[294]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 1006.
[295]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 227, n. 10; Leg. 228, n. 28.
[295]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 227, n. 10; Leg. 228, n. 28.
[296]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 890.
[296]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 890.
[297]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 5.
[297]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 5.
[298]Llorente, Hist. crít., cap.XXVIII, art. 1, n. 17.
[298]Llorente, Hist. crít., cap.XXVIII, art. 1, n. 17.
[299]MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.
[299]MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.
[300]The Dominican Maestro Alvarado, in his heated defence of the Inquisition, in 1811, calls attention to the fact that, in its later period, its penitents were largely ecclesiastics, because firstly their theology exposed them to uttering compromising propositions; secondly, “porque solos los clérigos y frailes son los que confiesan y todos saben muy bien lo peligroso de este materia y los muchos que en él han naufragado.”—Cartas del Filosofo Rancio, I, 316 (Madrid, 1824).
[300]The Dominican Maestro Alvarado, in his heated defence of the Inquisition, in 1811, calls attention to the fact that, in its later period, its penitents were largely ecclesiastics, because firstly their theology exposed them to uttering compromising propositions; secondly, “porque solos los clérigos y frailes son los que confiesan y todos saben muy bien lo peligroso de este materia y los muchos que en él han naufragado.”—Cartas del Filosofo Rancio, I, 316 (Madrid, 1824).
[301]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.
[301]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.
[302]These statistics are compiled from various registers, covering respectively portions of the period. There are some minor breaks, which would increase the aggregate somewhat, but not materially. See Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 233, n. 108; Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 66.—Archivo de Simancas, Libros 1002, 1003, 1004.There is perhaps some interest in recording the respective responsibilities of the various classes and orders of the clergy for these delinquents, as follows:Secular priests, canons etc981Franciscans, Conventual and Barefooted552Observantines506Capuchins183Recollects56Carmelites355Dominicans288Augustinians156Trinitarians144Mercenarians131Jesuits92Minims69Benedictines35Geronimites30San Pedro de Alcántara29Clérigos Menores20Congr. of San Filippo Neri20Bernardines (Cistercians)20Escuelas Pias16Basilians16S. Francisco de Asis5N. Señora de la Vitoria5Order of Santiago4Order of Calatrava3Theatins3Servites3Misioneros2Agonizantes2Hermits of St. Paul2San Juan2Premonstratensians2Ex-Jesuits2Carthusians1St. Ursula1San Diego1Not specified38The comparatively small number of Jesuits, who devoted themselves so greatly to the confessional, is partly explicable by the expulsion of the Society in 1767.
[302]These statistics are compiled from various registers, covering respectively portions of the period. There are some minor breaks, which would increase the aggregate somewhat, but not materially. See Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 233, n. 108; Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 66.—Archivo de Simancas, Libros 1002, 1003, 1004.
There is perhaps some interest in recording the respective responsibilities of the various classes and orders of the clergy for these delinquents, as follows:
The comparatively small number of Jesuits, who devoted themselves so greatly to the confessional, is partly explicable by the expulsion of the Society in 1767.
[303]Puigblanch, La Inquisicion sin Mascara, pp. 422-5 (Cádiz, 1811).
[303]Puigblanch, La Inquisicion sin Mascara, pp. 422-5 (Cádiz, 1811).
[304]Instruct. S. Inquis. Roman. 20 Feb. 1867 (Collect. Concil. Lacens. III, 353).—Berardi,op. cit.
[304]Instruct. S. Inquis. Roman. 20 Feb. 1867 (Collect. Concil. Lacens. III, 353).—Berardi,op. cit.
[305]A priest, who could speak from experience, concisely described, in 1820, the conditions produced by the system “En donde la doctrina infernal de la delacion tenia en una habitual consternacion á las familias y á los individuos que se correspondian con la mutua desconfianza que inspiraba el continuo recelo de encontrar en amigo, en el padre, en el hijo, en la esposa, un verdugo que armado con el puñal del fanatismo religioso contribuyese á los asesinatos naturales que solo Dios conosce y a los civiles que no son tan desconocidos.”—P Antonio Bernabeu, España venturosa, p. xvi (Madrid, 1820).
[305]A priest, who could speak from experience, concisely described, in 1820, the conditions produced by the system “En donde la doctrina infernal de la delacion tenia en una habitual consternacion á las familias y á los individuos que se correspondian con la mutua desconfianza que inspiraba el continuo recelo de encontrar en amigo, en el padre, en el hijo, en la esposa, un verdugo que armado con el puñal del fanatismo religioso contribuyese á los asesinatos naturales que solo Dios conosce y a los civiles que no son tan desconocidos.”—P Antonio Bernabeu, España venturosa, p. xvi (Madrid, 1820).
[306]Theologians had a storehouse of epithets with which to characterize the various classes of propositions. A few of the more usual, with their significance, are given by Alberghini (Man. Qualificator. cap. xii, n. 1-18) as follows:—Heretical—one which is contrary to Catholic truth.Erroneous—that which does not directly contradict the faith, but some conclusion evidently deducible from the faith.Savoring of heresy—not contradicting the faith by evident consequence, but by very probable and morally certain consequence.Ill-sounding—that which has a double sense, one Catholic and the other heretic, but usually accepted in the latter.Rash—that which is not governed by reason and lacks all authority.Scandalous or offensive to pious ears—that which gives occasion to another to err, such as “heretics are to be tolerated and not to be slain.”Schismatic or seditious—tending to disrupt the unity of the Church.Impious—contrary to Catholic piety.Insulting—defamatory of some Christian profession or illustrious person.Blasphemous—insulting to God.Simancas (Enchirid., Tit. xxiv) gives a similar list. Dandino (De Suspectis de Hæresi, pp. 477-512) a more elaborate exposition. There was no limit, however, to the vituperative vocabulary of the Church. A choice collection of additional ones will be found in the bullAuctorem fideiof Pius VI (1794), condemning the Jansenist Council of Pistoja.
[306]Theologians had a storehouse of epithets with which to characterize the various classes of propositions. A few of the more usual, with their significance, are given by Alberghini (Man. Qualificator. cap. xii, n. 1-18) as follows:—
Heretical—one which is contrary to Catholic truth.
Erroneous—that which does not directly contradict the faith, but some conclusion evidently deducible from the faith.
Savoring of heresy—not contradicting the faith by evident consequence, but by very probable and morally certain consequence.
Ill-sounding—that which has a double sense, one Catholic and the other heretic, but usually accepted in the latter.
Rash—that which is not governed by reason and lacks all authority.
Scandalous or offensive to pious ears—that which gives occasion to another to err, such as “heretics are to be tolerated and not to be slain.”
Schismatic or seditious—tending to disrupt the unity of the Church.
Impious—contrary to Catholic piety.
Insulting—defamatory of some Christian profession or illustrious person.
Blasphemous—insulting to God.
Simancas (Enchirid., Tit. xxiv) gives a similar list. Dandino (De Suspectis de Hæresi, pp. 477-512) a more elaborate exposition. There was no limit, however, to the vituperative vocabulary of the Church. A choice collection of additional ones will be found in the bullAuctorem fideiof Pius VI (1794), condemning the Jansenist Council of Pistoja.
[307]MS. Memoria de diversos Autos, Auto 27, n. 10; Auto 37, n. 5 (See Appendix to Vol. I).
[307]MS. Memoria de diversos Autos, Auto 27, n. 10; Auto 37, n. 5 (See Appendix to Vol. I).
[308]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 112, n. 73.
[308]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 112, n. 73.
[309]D. Manuel Serrano y Sanz (Revista de Archivos, Abril, 1902, pp. 260-80). This Alvaro de Montalvan was father-in-law of Francisco de Rojas, author of La Celestina, who was also a Converso.
[309]D. Manuel Serrano y Sanz (Revista de Archivos, Abril, 1902, pp. 260-80). This Alvaro de Montalvan was father-in-law of Francisco de Rojas, author of La Celestina, who was also a Converso.
[310]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Vistas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 9, 20.The utterance of Clemenza Paresa seems to have been a popular saying. In 1572 Rodríguez Rúiz was penanced for it in the Canaries.—Ibidem, Canarias, Exptesde Visitas, Leg. 250, Lib. 3, fol. 8.
[310]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Vistas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 9, 20.
The utterance of Clemenza Paresa seems to have been a popular saying. In 1572 Rodríguez Rúiz was penanced for it in the Canaries.—Ibidem, Canarias, Exptesde Visitas, Leg. 250, Lib. 3, fol. 8.
[311]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Canarias, Exptesde Visitas, Lib. 3, fol. 16-17.
[311]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Canarias, Exptesde Visitas, Lib. 3, fol. 16-17.
[312]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 30.
[312]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 30.
[313]Rojas de Hæret. P. I, n. 2, 67, 96; P. II, n. 310-13.
[313]Rojas de Hæret. P. I, n. 2, 67, 96; P. II, n. 310-13.
[314]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 299, fol. 80.
[314]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 299, fol. 80.
[315]MSS. of the Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.
[315]MSS. of the Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.
[316]Elucidationes S. Officii, § 36 (Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5442, Lib. 4).
[316]Elucidationes S. Officii, § 36 (Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 5442, Lib. 4).
[317]C. Trident Sess.XXIV, De Statu Matrimonii, can. 10.—“Si quis dixerit statum conjugalem anteponendum esse statui virginitatis vel cœlibatus et non esse melius ac beatius manere in virginitate aut cœlibatu quam jungi matrimonio: anathema sit.”
[317]C. Trident Sess.XXIV, De Statu Matrimonii, can. 10.—“Si quis dixerit statum conjugalem anteponendum esse statui virginitatis vel cœlibatus et non esse melius ac beatius manere in virginitate aut cœlibatu quam jungi matrimonio: anathema sit.”
[318]MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.
[318]MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.
[319]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 299, fol. 80.
[319]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 299, fol. 80.
[320]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 926, fol. 25.
[320]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 926, fol. 25.
[321]Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap. 2.
[321]Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap. 2.
[322]S. Antonini Confessionale.
[322]S. Antonini Confessionale.
[323]Archivo de Simancas, Hacienda, Leg. 25, fol. 3.
[323]Archivo de Simancas, Hacienda, Leg. 25, fol. 3.
[324]Ibidem, Inq., Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 264.
[324]Ibidem, Inq., Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 264.
[325]Schäfer, Beiträge, II, 324.
[325]Schäfer, Beiträge, II, 324.
[326]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 787.
[326]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 787.
[327]Ibidem, Lib. 82, fol. 228; Lib. 939, fol. 108; Lib. 942, fol. 38.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 168.
[327]Ibidem, Lib. 82, fol. 228; Lib. 939, fol. 108; Lib. 942, fol. 38.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 168.
[328]Bibl. nacional, MSS., S, 121, fol. 54.—Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1157, fol. 155.
[328]Bibl. nacional, MSS., S, 121, fol. 54.—Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1157, fol. 155.
[329]MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.
[329]MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.
[330]Bibl. nacional, MSS., PV, 3, n. 20.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 99; Leg. 2, n. 10.
[330]Bibl. nacional, MSS., PV, 3, n. 20.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 99; Leg. 2, n. 10.
[331]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 342; Leg. 552, fol. 1.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 260.
[331]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 342; Leg. 552, fol. 1.—MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218b, p. 260.
[332]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 926, fol. 25; Lib. 1002.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.—MS.penes me.
[332]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 926, fol. 25; Lib. 1002.—Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.—MS.penes me.
[333]Hurter, Nomenclator Theologiæ Catholicæ, I, 158.—Nic. Antonii Bibl nova, a.v.Ludovicus de Leon.—Greg. Mayans y Siscar, Vida del M. Luis de Leon, n. 37.—Ticknor, History of Spanish Literature, II, 87, 89 (Ed 1864).There is considerable literature on the subject of Fray Luis’s troubles with the Inquisition. The records of his first trial, omitting superfluities, occupy 925 pages in Vols. X and XI of theColeccion de Documentos inéditos. His second trial has more recently seen the light, with an introduction by Padre Francisco Blanco García, Madrid, 1896.Fray Luis de Leon. Eine Biographie aus der Geschichte der spanischen Inquisition u. Kirche(Halle, 1866) by Dr. C. A. Wilkens is an eloquent and sympathetic account of his career, while Dr. Fr. Heinrich Reusch’sLuis de Leon u. der spanische Inquisition(Bonn, 1873) is a scholarly investigation of the case, in so far as documents accessible at the time would permit. The Lic. Arango y Escandon has contributed theProceso del P. M. Luis de Leon(Mexico, 1856, revised and enlarged in 1866), in which he justifies both the Inquisition and the sufferer. The latest contribution to the subject, based on additional documents, is by the Dominican Fray Luis G. Alonso Getino, in theRevista de Archivos(1903-4) in justification of the Inquisition. Padre Blanco has also written anEstúdio biográfico-critico de Fr. Luis de Leon, which I have not had an opportunity of consulting. The old rivalry between Dominicans and Augustinians seems to be still alive.
[333]Hurter, Nomenclator Theologiæ Catholicæ, I, 158.—Nic. Antonii Bibl nova, a.v.Ludovicus de Leon.—Greg. Mayans y Siscar, Vida del M. Luis de Leon, n. 37.—Ticknor, History of Spanish Literature, II, 87, 89 (Ed 1864).
There is considerable literature on the subject of Fray Luis’s troubles with the Inquisition. The records of his first trial, omitting superfluities, occupy 925 pages in Vols. X and XI of theColeccion de Documentos inéditos. His second trial has more recently seen the light, with an introduction by Padre Francisco Blanco García, Madrid, 1896.Fray Luis de Leon. Eine Biographie aus der Geschichte der spanischen Inquisition u. Kirche(Halle, 1866) by Dr. C. A. Wilkens is an eloquent and sympathetic account of his career, while Dr. Fr. Heinrich Reusch’sLuis de Leon u. der spanische Inquisition(Bonn, 1873) is a scholarly investigation of the case, in so far as documents accessible at the time would permit. The Lic. Arango y Escandon has contributed theProceso del P. M. Luis de Leon(Mexico, 1856, revised and enlarged in 1866), in which he justifies both the Inquisition and the sufferer. The latest contribution to the subject, based on additional documents, is by the Dominican Fray Luis G. Alonso Getino, in theRevista de Archivos(1903-4) in justification of the Inquisition. Padre Blanco has also written anEstúdio biográfico-critico de Fr. Luis de Leon, which I have not had an opportunity of consulting. The old rivalry between Dominicans and Augustinians seems to be still alive.
[334]Azpilcueta Comment. Cap.Si quis autem, n. 44-47.—Coleccion de Documentos, X, 193; XI, 276.
[334]Azpilcueta Comment. Cap.Si quis autem, n. 44-47.—Coleccion de Documentos, X, 193; XI, 276.
[335]Coleccion, X, 261; XI, 256, 259.
[335]Coleccion, X, 261; XI, 256, 259.
[336]C. Trident. Sess.IV, De Edit. et Usu SS. Libb.
[336]C. Trident. Sess.IV, De Edit. et Usu SS. Libb.
[337]Coleccion, X, 115, 129.
[337]Coleccion, X, 115, 129.
[338]Ibidem, X, 102, sqq.
[338]Ibidem, X, 102, sqq.
[339]Coleccion, X, 96-110.
[339]Coleccion, X, 96-110.
[340]Ibidem, X, 179.
[340]Ibidem, X, 179.
[341]Ibidem, X, 206-8.
[341]Ibidem, X, 206-8.
[342]Coleccion, X, 249; XI, 255-84.
[342]Coleccion, X, 249; XI, 255-84.
[343]There is no record of this in the process, but Fray Luis refers to it repeatedly both to the tribunal and to the Suprema, and there is no disclaimer.—Coleccion, XI, 48, 190, 196.
[343]There is no record of this in the process, but Fray Luis refers to it repeatedly both to the tribunal and to the Suprema, and there is no disclaimer.—Coleccion, XI, 48, 190, 196.
[344]Coleccion, X, 562-7; XI, 7-18, 21-128.
[344]Coleccion, X, 562-7; XI, 7-18, 21-128.
[345]Ibidem, XI, 164-86.
[345]Ibidem, XI, 164-86.
[346]Coleccion, XI, 187-253.
[346]Coleccion, XI, 187-253.
[347]Ibidem, XI, 351-3.
[347]Ibidem, XI, 351-3.
[348]Coleccion, XI, 353-8.—Fray Luis attributed this unexpected mercy to the influence of Inquisitor-general Quiroga, to whom, in 1580, he dedicated his Exposition of the XXVI Psalm, with warm expressions of gratitude.—García, Segundo Proceso, p. 17.
[348]Coleccion, XI, 353-8.—Fray Luis attributed this unexpected mercy to the influence of Inquisitor-general Quiroga, to whom, in 1580, he dedicated his Exposition of the XXVI Psalm, with warm expressions of gratitude.—García, Segundo Proceso, p. 17.
[349]Coleccion, XI, 147.
[349]Coleccion, XI, 147.
[350]Coleccion, XI, 50, 52.
[350]Coleccion, XI, 50, 52.
[351]Ibidem, XI, 188, 193-4.
[351]Ibidem, XI, 188, 193-4.
[352]Ibidem, XI, 196-8.
[352]Ibidem, XI, 196-8.
[353]Reusch, 113-14.—Arango y Escandon, p. 91.—Padre Alonso Getino (Revista de Archivos, Agosto-Sept., 1903) promises to give us an account of the trial of Martínez who was obliged to abjurede levi(Menéndez y Pelayo, II, 693).Leon de Castro varied his persecution of Luis de Leon, Grajal and Martínez, by attacking the great Biblia Regia, which Arias Montano, the most learned Spaniard of the age, edited at the instance and with the support of Philip II. After its appearance with the approbation of the Holy See, de Castro, in 1575, in his zeal for the Vulgate, filled Spain, Flanders and Italy with denunciations of it and its editor. Montano, who was in Flanders, hastened to Spain by way of Italy to defend himself, but, finding much agitation on the subject in Rome, tarried there and wrote to Quiroga to protect him—an appeal which he repeated in 1579. He was not prosecuted, but the Inquisition fell foul of his biblical commentaries and placed on the Index a long list of expurgations, besides condemning some of his propositions—fortunately for him long after his death.—Coleccion de Documentos, XLI, 316, 321, 328, 387.—Index of Zapata, 1632, pp. 86-89.
[353]Reusch, 113-14.—Arango y Escandon, p. 91.—Padre Alonso Getino (Revista de Archivos, Agosto-Sept., 1903) promises to give us an account of the trial of Martínez who was obliged to abjurede levi(Menéndez y Pelayo, II, 693).
Leon de Castro varied his persecution of Luis de Leon, Grajal and Martínez, by attacking the great Biblia Regia, which Arias Montano, the most learned Spaniard of the age, edited at the instance and with the support of Philip II. After its appearance with the approbation of the Holy See, de Castro, in 1575, in his zeal for the Vulgate, filled Spain, Flanders and Italy with denunciations of it and its editor. Montano, who was in Flanders, hastened to Spain by way of Italy to defend himself, but, finding much agitation on the subject in Rome, tarried there and wrote to Quiroga to protect him—an appeal which he repeated in 1579. He was not prosecuted, but the Inquisition fell foul of his biblical commentaries and placed on the Index a long list of expurgations, besides condemning some of his propositions—fortunately for him long after his death.—Coleccion de Documentos, XLI, 316, 321, 328, 387.—Index of Zapata, 1632, pp. 86-89.
[354]García, Segundo Proceso, pp. 20-23, 29-30.
[354]García, Segundo Proceso, pp. 20-23, 29-30.
[355]Ibidem, pp. 20-1, 26-7, 44.
[355]Ibidem, pp. 20-1, 26-7, 44.
[356]García, pp. 28-35.
[356]García, pp. 28-35.
[357]Ibidem, pp. 52-4.
[357]Ibidem, pp. 52-4.
[358]Ibidem, p. 53.
[358]Ibidem, p. 53.
[359]The existing records of the trials of Sánchez are printed in Vol. II of the “Coleccion de Documentos inéditos.”The only one of his works which I have had an opportunity of examining is his “Minerva” (Salmanticæ, 1587), which sufficiently illustrates his capacity of enlivening the details of etymology and syntax with his caustic assertion of superior knowledge.
[359]The existing records of the trials of Sánchez are printed in Vol. II of the “Coleccion de Documentos inéditos.”
The only one of his works which I have had an opportunity of examining is his “Minerva” (Salmanticæ, 1587), which sufficiently illustrates his capacity of enlivening the details of etymology and syntax with his caustic assertion of superior knowledge.
[360]Coleccion, II, 1-37.
[360]Coleccion, II, 1-37.
[361]Ibidem, II, 40-45.
[361]Ibidem, II, 40-45.
[362]Coleccion, II, 40-58.
[362]Coleccion, II, 40-58.
[363]Coleccion, II, 57-88.
[363]Coleccion, II, 57-88.
[364]Ibidem, II, 89-109.
[364]Ibidem, II, 89-109.
[365]Coleccion, II, 109-26.
[365]Coleccion, II, 109-26.
[366]Ibidem, II, 127-8.
[366]Ibidem, II, 127-8.
[367]Ibidem, II 130-5.
[367]Ibidem, II 130-5.
[368]Coleccion, II, 136-65.
[368]Coleccion, II, 136-65.
[369]Proceso contra Fray Joseph de Sigüenza (MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. IV).
[369]Proceso contra Fray Joseph de Sigüenza (MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. IV).
[370]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 1.
[370]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 1.
[371]MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.
[371]MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.
[372]Modo de Proceder, fol. 67 (Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 122).
[372]Modo de Proceder, fol. 67 (Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 122).
[373]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq., Leg. 1.
[373]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq., Leg. 1.
[374]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 45, fol. 13-33.
[374]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 45, fol. 13-33.
[375]MSS. of Am. Philosophical Society.
[375]MSS. of Am. Philosophical Society.
[376]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.
[376]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.
[377]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.
[377]Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.
[378]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 890; Lib. 4352.
[378]Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 890; Lib. 4352.
[379]Ibidem, Lib. 890.
[379]Ibidem, Lib. 890.
[380]Mariana, Hist. de España, Lib.VI, n. 75.—José Amador de los Rios (Revista de España, XVII, 388).
[380]Mariana, Hist. de España, Lib.VI, n. 75.—José Amador de los Rios (Revista de España, XVII, 388).
[381]Flores de las Leyes (Memorial hist. español, II, 243).
[381]Flores de las Leyes (Memorial hist. español, II, 243).
[382]Partidas, P.VII, Tit. ix, ley 17; Tit. xxiii, leyes 1, 2, 3.
[382]Partidas, P.VII, Tit. ix, ley 17; Tit. xxiii, leyes 1, 2, 3.
[383]Amador de los Rios,op. cit., XVII, 382, 384-5.
[383]Amador de los Rios,op. cit., XVII, 382, 384-5.
[384]Ibidem, XVIII, 14.
[384]Ibidem, XVIII, 14.
[385]Flores, España Sagrada, XLIX, 188, 504.
[385]Flores, España Sagrada, XLIX, 188, 504.
[386]Astesani de Ast Summa de Casibus Conscientiæ, P.I, Lib. i, Tit. 14.
[386]Astesani de Ast Summa de Casibus Conscientiæ, P.I, Lib. i, Tit. 14.
[387]Raynald. Annal, ann. 1317, n. 52-4; ann. 1318, n. 57; ann. 1320, n. 51; ann. 1327, n. 43.—Bullar. Roman. I, 204.—Ripoll, Bullar. Ord. Prædic. II, 192.
[387]Raynald. Annal, ann. 1317, n. 52-4; ann. 1318, n. 57; ann. 1320, n. 51; ann. 1327, n. 43.—Bullar. Roman. I, 204.—Ripoll, Bullar. Ord. Prædic. II, 192.