used with instrumental abl.,1300;with acc. or abl.,1422-1425,1415;substs. combined by,1426-1428;repetition of, with two or more substs.,1429;omission of, with a second subst.,1430;two. with one subst.,1431,1432;position of,1433-1437;in oaths,1437;verbs compounded with, cases after,1137,1138,1188-1191,1194-1199,1209;with infin. as obj.,2205;with gerundive construction or gerund in acc.,2252,2253;in abl.,2267;with subst. and partic.,2285,2286;for special uses of different preps., see Index of Latin Words.Present stems,used as roots,190-194,855;roots used as,738-743,828,844.Present system,of verbs, formation of,828-853.Present tense,indicative formation of,828-840;-īt,-āt,-ēt,132;-ōr,132;dat. of possessor with,1216,1478,2181;uses of, in simple sentence,1587-1593,1601;of pres. action,1587;of customary or repeated action, or general truth,1588;of past action, still continued,1589;of vivid narration,1590,1639;the annalistic,1591;of verbs of hearing, seeing, saying,1592;in quotations,1592;of fut. action,1593,2026;in letters,1601;sequence of,1717,1740-1746,1749-1753,2322-2324,2326-2329;in subordinate sentence, rel. time,1733-1735;independent,1738;withcum,1860-1862,1866,1867,1869,1871;withquoniam,1883;withantequam,priusquam,1915,1918;withpostquam,ubī̆,ut, &c.,1926,1927,1930,1932;withdum,dōnec,quoad,quamdiū,1995,2000,2001,2006,2007,2009;in conditional prot.,2023,2026-2033,2065-2068,2074;in conditional apod.,2023,2026,2034,2042,2048,2052,2059,2078.Subjunctive, formation of,841-843;-īt,-āt,-ēt,132;-ār,132;in wishes,1541,1542;in exhortations, prohibitions, &c.,1548,1550,1551;of action conceivable,1556;of repeated action,1730;primary,1762;referring to fut. time,1743,1749;following perf. definite,1754;following secondary in rel., causal, and concessive sentences,1756;following secondary in consecutive sentences,1757;following secondary in indirect question,1760;following secondary in ind. disc.,2328;in sequence with adjacent verb,1761;of action non-occurrent, in pres. sequence,1763;in sequence with perf. infin.,1768;withantequam,priusquam,1912,1915,1919;withutpurpose,1962;withdum,dōnec,quoad,2003,2005,2007;withmodo,2003;in conditional prot.,2023,2070,2072,2076-2083,2090,2093,2096;in conditional apod.,2023,2033,2039,2046,2057,2064,2070,2076,2084,2090;withquasi, tamquam sī, &c.,2119;in ind. disc. representing a fut.,2324.Infinitive, seeInfinitive.Participle, seeParticiples.Preventing,seeHindering.Priapean,2674.Price,gen. of,1271;abl. of,1388-1392.Primary tenses,1717,1762.Primitive,defined,198;substs.,204-245, seeSubstantives;adjs.,280-297,305, seeAdjectives;verbs, theme in,738-741;inflection of,743-791;formation of pres. stem of,828-838;list of,922-986, seeVerbs.Principal cases,1111,1112.Principal parts,of the verb,733-735;classification of verbs according to,920-1022, seeVerbs.Privation,seeSeparation.Proceleusmatic,2521.Proclitics,92.Prohibitions,expressed by subjv.,1547-1551;expressed by imper.,1581-1586;expressed by fut.,1624;perf. infin. withvolō,nōlōin,2224.Promise,expressed by fut.,1619;implication of, in fut. perf.,1629.Promising,verbs of, with acc. and infin.,2186;with pres. infin.,2186,2221,2236.Pronominal,seePronouns.Pronoun,questions,1526-1530;questions, indirect,1785.Pronouns,defined,9;as proclitics,92;inflection of,644-694;personal,644-651;reflexive,644-651;possess.,652-655;demonstrative,656-670;determinative,656-659,671-675;of identity,656-659,676-678;intensive,656-659,679,680;rel., interrogative, indef.656-659,681-694;interrogative, adj. and subst. forms of,683-685;indef., adj. and subst. forms of,686;reduplicated,650;correlative,695,1831;advs. from,696-698,701,702,704-710.Agreement of,1093-1098,1801-1811, seeAgreement;adj., equivalent to gen.,1098,1234,1262;used in neut. acc. with verbal expressions,1144;as connectives,2129-2132;use of, in ind. disc.,2325,2338-2342;use of,2335-2403;use of personal,2335;use of reflexive,2336-2345;use of possess.,2346;use ofhīc,2347-2355;use ofiste,2356,2357;use ofille,2358-2364;use ofis,2365-2370;use ofīdem,2371-2373;use ofipse,2374-2384;use ofuter,quis,2385,2386;use of rel.,1792-1837;use of indef.quis,quī,2388,2389;use ofaliquis,2390,2391;use ofquīdam,2392,2393;use ofquisque,2394-2398;use ofuterque,2399,2400;use ofquīvīs,quīlibet,utervīs,uterlibet,2401;use ofquisquam,ūllus,2402;use ofnēmō,nihil,nūllus,neuter,2403;place of reciprocal taken byinter nōs, &c.,invicem, &c.,2344,2345;seeRelative, &c.,quī, &c.Pronunciation,of names of characters of alphabet,16,31-72;of vowels,33,37-42;of diphthongs,47,49;of consonants,53-72;change of sound of vowels,103-145;of diphthongs,95-101;of consonants,146-174;rules of vowel quantity,34-36,2429-2472, seeQuantity;division of syllables,175;long and short syllables,177,178;ofes,estin combination with other words,747;see alsoAccent,Substitution,Development,Disappearance,Assimilation,Dissimilation,Interchange,Lengthening,Shortening,Weakening,Hiatus,Contraction,Elision.Proper,names, defined,5;of-o-decl., form and accent of voc. and gen. sing. of,87,456-459;with accent on final syllable,88;plur. of,416,1105;ending in,-āius,-ēius,-ōius, declensional forms of,458;with attribute attached,1044;seeGreek.Proportionals,2423.Propriety,verbal expressions of, in indic.,1495-1497;subjv. coordinated with verbal expressions of,1709;verbal expressions of, in conditional periods,2074,2101;expressed by subjv.,1547-1552;expressed by gerundive construction,2243,2248.Prosody,2429-2739;seeQuantity,Figures of prosody,Versification.Protasis,defined,1061;fut. perf. in, coincident in time with fut. perf. in apod.,1627;concessive,2116;seeConditional,Relative,Conjunctive.Protest,introduced by sentence withquod,1842.Protestations,subjv. in,1542;fut. in,1622;ita . . . ut,1542,1622,1937.Protraction,2516.Proviso,introduced byut,nē . . . ita,1964;bydum,2003;bymodo,2003.Punishment,seePenalty.Purpose,dat. of,1223-1225;clauses, tense of, after perf. definite,1754;rel. sentences of,1817;expressed byquod,id,1840;sentences of, withpriusquam,1919;sentences of, withut,nē, &c.,1947-1964;sentences of, withquō,1974;sentences of, with adv.quī,1976;sentences of, withdum,dōnec, &c.,2005-2009;infin. of,2164,2165;expressed by acc. of gerundive construction,2250;expressed by dat. of gerundive construction,2256;expressed by gerundive construction or gerund withcausā,2164,2258,2270;expressed by gen. of gerundive construction alone,2263;expressed by gen. of gerund alone,2263;expressed by acc. of gerundive construction or gerund withad,2164,2270;denoted by supine,1166,2270;expressed by partic.,2295;use of reflexive pron. in subjv. clauses of,2341,2342.Pyrrhic,2522.Pythiambic strophe,in Horace,2722,2723.QQualitative,vowel changes,136-143;gradation,145.Quality,subst. suffixes denoting,246-264;adj. suffixes denoting,281-297;gen. of,1239,1240;abl. of,1375.Quantitative,vowel gradation,135;verse,2548;theory of the Saturnian,2551.Quantity,of diphthongs,47,125;how denoted in inscriptions,24,29;how denoted in books,30,2514;common, definition and sign of,30,2514;pronunciation of long and short vowels,33,38-40;change in quantity of vowels and preservation of long quantity,123-133;long and short syllables,177;of syllable containing vowel before mute orffollowed bylorr,178;general principles of vowel quantity,35-36;vowel before another vowel orh,35;diphthong before a vowel,125;compounds ofprae,125;gen. ināī,127, 7;length ofeindiē̆ī,rē̆ī,fidē̆ī,ē̆ī,127, 4;601,602;the endings-āī,-āīs,-ōī,-ōīs,-ēī,-ēīs,127, 7;gen. in-īus,-ius,127, 6;618,656,657,694;vowel beforenf,ns, cons.i,gn,122;as determining accent,86-88;-ītin perf.,857;ī,i, in perf. subj.877,878;ī,i, in fut. perf.,883,884;rules of, in classical Latin,2429-2463;monosyllables,2430-2433;penults,2434-2436;final syllables ending in vowel,2437-2446;final syllables ending in single cons. nots,2447-2450;final syllables ending ins,2451-2457;position,2458;hidden,2459-2463;some peculiarities of, in old Latin,2464-2469;law of Iambic shortening,2470-2472;in versification,2514-2518.Quaternārius,iambic,2617-2620;trochaic,2643;anapaestic,2687.Questioning,verbs of, with two accusatives,1169-1171;with acc. and prepositional phrase,1170;with indirect question,1774.Questions,indic. in,1499;commoner in Latin than in English,1500;two, short (quid est,quid vērō, &c.) leading to longer,1500;kinds of,1501.Yes or Noquestions,1501-1525;confounded with exclamations and declarations,1502;without interrogative particle,1502;withnōn,1502;with-ne,-n,1503-1505;withnōnne,1503,1506;withnōnne . . . nōn . . . nōn,1506;withnum,1503,1507;withnumne,1507;an,anne,ān nōnin single,1503,1508;withecquis,ecquō,ecquandō,ēn umquam,1509;withsatin,satin ut,1510;how answered,1511-1514.Alternative, history of,1515-1517;without interrogative particle,1518;withutrum,-ne,-n, andan,anne,an nōn,1519;withnecne,1520;with several alternatives,1521;withutrum, and-neandan,1522;withutrumne . . . an,1522;with no alternative expressed,1523;how answered,1525.Pronoun questions,1526-1530;introduced by interrogative advs.,1526;withut,how,1528;withquisne, &c.,1529;two or more with one verb,1530.Subjunctive questions,1563-1570;of appeal,1563;in alternative form,1564;asking whether action is conceivable,1565;in exclamative sentences, with no interrogative word or with-ne,1566,1567;withutī,ut,1568;withutī,ut, and-ne,-n,1569;in subordinate sentence,1731;tense of, in subordinate sentence,1753.Indirect, defined,1773;subjv. in,1773;expressions introducing,1774;with verbs of fearing,1774,1959;
used with instrumental abl.,1300;
with acc. or abl.,1422-1425,1415;
substs. combined by,1426-1428;
repetition of, with two or more substs.,1429;
omission of, with a second subst.,1430;
two. with one subst.,1431,1432;
position of,1433-1437;
in oaths,1437;
verbs compounded with, cases after,1137,1138,1188-1191,1194-1199,1209;
with infin. as obj.,2205;
with gerundive construction or gerund in acc.,2252,2253;
in abl.,2267;
with subst. and partic.,2285,2286;
for special uses of different preps., see Index of Latin Words.
Present stems,
used as roots,190-194,855;
roots used as,738-743,828,844.
Present system,
of verbs, formation of,828-853.
Present tense,
indicative formation of,828-840;
-īt,-āt,-ēt,132;
-ōr,132;
dat. of possessor with,1216,1478,2181;
uses of, in simple sentence,1587-1593,1601;
of pres. action,1587;
of customary or repeated action, or general truth,1588;
of past action, still continued,1589;
of vivid narration,1590,1639;
the annalistic,1591;
of verbs of hearing, seeing, saying,1592;
in quotations,1592;
of fut. action,1593,2026;
in letters,1601;
sequence of,1717,1740-1746,1749-1753,2322-2324,2326-2329;
in subordinate sentence, rel. time,1733-1735;
independent,1738;
withcum,1860-1862,1866,1867,1869,1871;
withquoniam,1883;
withantequam,priusquam,1915,1918;
withpostquam,ubī̆,ut, &c.,1926,1927,1930,1932;
withdum,dōnec,quoad,quamdiū,1995,2000,2001,2006,2007,2009;
in conditional prot.,2023,2026-2033,2065-2068,2074;
in conditional apod.,2023,2026,2034,2042,2048,2052,2059,2078.
Subjunctive, formation of,841-843;
-īt,-āt,-ēt,132;
-ār,132;
in wishes,1541,1542;
in exhortations, prohibitions, &c.,1548,1550,1551;
of action conceivable,1556;
of repeated action,1730;
primary,1762;
referring to fut. time,1743,1749;
following perf. definite,1754;
following secondary in rel., causal, and concessive sentences,1756;
following secondary in consecutive sentences,1757;
following secondary in indirect question,1760;
following secondary in ind. disc.,2328;
in sequence with adjacent verb,1761;
of action non-occurrent, in pres. sequence,1763;
in sequence with perf. infin.,1768;
withantequam,priusquam,1912,1915,1919;
withutpurpose,1962;
withdum,dōnec,quoad,2003,2005,2007;
withmodo,2003;
in conditional prot.,2023,2070,2072,2076-2083,2090,2093,2096;
in conditional apod.,2023,2033,2039,2046,2057,2064,2070,2076,2084,2090;
withquasi, tamquam sī, &c.,2119;
in ind. disc. representing a fut.,2324.
Infinitive, seeInfinitive.
Participle, seeParticiples.
Preventing,
seeHindering.
Priapean,2674.
Price,
gen. of,1271;
abl. of,1388-1392.
Primary tenses,1717,1762.
Primitive,
defined,198;
substs.,204-245, seeSubstantives;
adjs.,280-297,305, seeAdjectives;
verbs, theme in,738-741;
inflection of,743-791;
formation of pres. stem of,828-838;
list of,922-986, seeVerbs.
Principal cases,1111,1112.
Principal parts,
of the verb,733-735;
classification of verbs according to,920-1022, seeVerbs.
Privation,
seeSeparation.
Proceleusmatic,2521.
Proclitics,92.
Prohibitions,
expressed by subjv.,1547-1551;
expressed by imper.,1581-1586;
expressed by fut.,1624;
perf. infin. withvolō,nōlōin,2224.
Promise,
expressed by fut.,1619;
implication of, in fut. perf.,1629.
Promising,
verbs of, with acc. and infin.,2186;
with pres. infin.,2186,2221,2236.
Pronominal,
seePronouns.
Pronoun,
questions,1526-1530;
questions, indirect,1785.
Pronouns,
defined,9;
as proclitics,92;
inflection of,644-694;
personal,644-651;
reflexive,644-651;
possess.,652-655;
demonstrative,656-670;
determinative,656-659,671-675;
of identity,656-659,676-678;
intensive,656-659,679,680;
rel., interrogative, indef.656-659,681-694;
interrogative, adj. and subst. forms of,683-685;
indef., adj. and subst. forms of,686;
reduplicated,650;
correlative,695,1831;
advs. from,696-698,701,702,704-710.
Agreement of,1093-1098,1801-1811, seeAgreement;
adj., equivalent to gen.,1098,1234,1262;
used in neut. acc. with verbal expressions,1144;
as connectives,2129-2132;
use of, in ind. disc.,2325,2338-2342;
use of,2335-2403;
use of personal,2335;
use of reflexive,2336-2345;
use of possess.,2346;
use ofhīc,2347-2355;
use ofiste,2356,2357;
use ofille,2358-2364;
use ofis,2365-2370;
use ofīdem,2371-2373;
use ofipse,2374-2384;
use ofuter,quis,2385,2386;
use of rel.,1792-1837;
use of indef.quis,quī,2388,2389;
use ofaliquis,2390,2391;
use ofquīdam,2392,2393;
use ofquisque,2394-2398;
use ofuterque,2399,2400;
use ofquīvīs,quīlibet,utervīs,uterlibet,2401;
use ofquisquam,ūllus,2402;
use ofnēmō,nihil,nūllus,neuter,2403;
place of reciprocal taken byinter nōs, &c.,invicem, &c.,2344,2345;
seeRelative, &c.,quī, &c.
Pronunciation,
of names of characters of alphabet,16,31-72;
of vowels,33,37-42;
of diphthongs,47,49;
of consonants,53-72;
change of sound of vowels,103-145;
of diphthongs,95-101;
of consonants,146-174;
rules of vowel quantity,34-36,2429-2472, seeQuantity;
division of syllables,175;
long and short syllables,177,178;
ofes,estin combination with other words,747;
see alsoAccent,Substitution,Development,Disappearance,Assimilation,Dissimilation,Interchange,Lengthening,Shortening,Weakening,Hiatus,Contraction,Elision.
Proper,
names, defined,5;
of-o-decl., form and accent of voc. and gen. sing. of,87,456-459;
with accent on final syllable,88;
plur. of,416,1105;
ending in,-āius,-ēius,-ōius, declensional forms of,458;
with attribute attached,1044;
seeGreek.
Proportionals,2423.
Propriety,
verbal expressions of, in indic.,1495-1497;
subjv. coordinated with verbal expressions of,1709;
verbal expressions of, in conditional periods,2074,2101;
expressed by subjv.,1547-1552;
expressed by gerundive construction,2243,2248.
Prosody,2429-2739;
seeQuantity,Figures of prosody,Versification.
Protasis,
defined,1061;
fut. perf. in, coincident in time with fut. perf. in apod.,1627;
concessive,2116;
seeConditional,Relative,Conjunctive.
Protest,
introduced by sentence withquod,1842.
Protestations,
subjv. in,1542;
fut. in,1622;
ita . . . ut,1542,1622,1937.
Protraction,2516.
Proviso,
introduced byut,nē . . . ita,1964;
bydum,2003;
bymodo,2003.
Punishment,
seePenalty.
Purpose,
dat. of,1223-1225;
clauses, tense of, after perf. definite,1754;
rel. sentences of,1817;
expressed byquod,id,1840;
sentences of, withpriusquam,1919;
sentences of, withut,nē, &c.,1947-1964;
sentences of, withquō,1974;
sentences of, with adv.quī,1976;
sentences of, withdum,dōnec, &c.,2005-2009;
infin. of,2164,2165;
expressed by acc. of gerundive construction,2250;
expressed by dat. of gerundive construction,2256;
expressed by gerundive construction or gerund withcausā,2164,2258,2270;
expressed by gen. of gerundive construction alone,2263;
expressed by gen. of gerund alone,2263;
expressed by acc. of gerundive construction or gerund withad,2164,2270;
denoted by supine,1166,2270;
expressed by partic.,2295;
use of reflexive pron. in subjv. clauses of,2341,2342.
Pyrrhic,2522.
Pythiambic strophe,
in Horace,2722,2723.
Qualitative,
vowel changes,136-143;
gradation,145.
Quality,
subst. suffixes denoting,246-264;
adj. suffixes denoting,281-297;
gen. of,1239,1240;
abl. of,1375.
Quantitative,
vowel gradation,135;
verse,2548;
theory of the Saturnian,2551.
Quantity,
of diphthongs,47,125;
how denoted in inscriptions,24,29;
how denoted in books,30,2514;
common, definition and sign of,30,2514;
pronunciation of long and short vowels,33,38-40;
change in quantity of vowels and preservation of long quantity,123-133;
long and short syllables,177;
of syllable containing vowel before mute orffollowed bylorr,178;
general principles of vowel quantity,35-36;
vowel before another vowel orh,35;
diphthong before a vowel,125;
compounds ofprae,125;
gen. ināī,127, 7;
length ofeindiē̆ī,rē̆ī,fidē̆ī,ē̆ī,127, 4;601,602;
the endings-āī,-āīs,-ōī,-ōīs,-ēī,-ēīs,127, 7;
gen. in-īus,-ius,127, 6;618,656,657,694;
vowel beforenf,ns, cons.i,gn,122;
as determining accent,86-88;
-ītin perf.,857;
ī,i, in perf. subj.877,878;
ī,i, in fut. perf.,883,884;
rules of, in classical Latin,2429-2463;
monosyllables,2430-2433;
penults,2434-2436;
final syllables ending in vowel,2437-2446;
final syllables ending in single cons. nots,2447-2450;
final syllables ending ins,2451-2457;
position,2458;
hidden,2459-2463;
some peculiarities of, in old Latin,2464-2469;
law of Iambic shortening,2470-2472;
in versification,2514-2518.
Quaternārius,
iambic,2617-2620;
trochaic,2643;
anapaestic,2687.
Questioning,
verbs of, with two accusatives,1169-1171;
with acc. and prepositional phrase,1170;
with indirect question,1774.
Questions,
indic. in,1499;
commoner in Latin than in English,1500;
two, short (quid est,quid vērō, &c.) leading to longer,1500;
kinds of,1501.
Yes or Noquestions,1501-1525;
confounded with exclamations and declarations,1502;
without interrogative particle,1502;
withnōn,1502;
with-ne,-n,1503-1505;
withnōnne,1503,1506;
withnōnne . . . nōn . . . nōn,1506;
withnum,1503,1507;
withnumne,1507;
an,anne,ān nōnin single,1503,1508;
withecquis,ecquō,ecquandō,ēn umquam,1509;
withsatin,satin ut,1510;
how answered,1511-1514.
Alternative, history of,1515-1517;
without interrogative particle,1518;
withutrum,-ne,-n, andan,anne,an nōn,1519;
withnecne,1520;
with several alternatives,1521;
withutrum, and-neandan,1522;
withutrumne . . . an,1522;
with no alternative expressed,1523;
how answered,1525.
Pronoun questions,1526-1530;
introduced by interrogative advs.,1526;
withut,how,1528;
withquisne, &c.,1529;
two or more with one verb,1530.
Subjunctive questions,1563-1570;
of appeal,1563;
in alternative form,1564;
asking whether action is conceivable,1565;
in exclamative sentences, with no interrogative word or with-ne,1566,1567;
withutī,ut,1568;
withutī,ut, and-ne,-n,1569;
in subordinate sentence,1731;
tense of, in subordinate sentence,1753.
Indirect, defined,1773;
subjv. in,1773;
expressions introducing,1774;
with verbs of fearing,1774,1959;