331,332,490.Ménagier de Paris,332.Merchant of Venice, Latin sketch of,185ff.Merchants, English, their wealth,256, fond of art,258ff., Chaucer's,318,325, fond of songs,355ff., Gower's,369, Langland's,383ff.,400, of London,424, at the play,463.Mérimée,199.Merlin,134,141.Merovingians, inBeowulf,53.Metalogicus,188ff.Meun, Jean de,177,276ff.Meyer, Kuno,4.Meyer, Paul, on Alexander the Great,128, onBrut,219.Miller, Chaucer's,321,322,324,326,335,478.Milton,71,72,245,456.Mimes,440ff.Miniatures, A.S.,45;184, attributed to Matthew Paris,201ff.;227,259,277,303,341,351,371, by Fouquet,470ff.; in the MS. of the Valenciennes Passion,470;503.Minot, Laurence,360ff.Minstrels,221,345ff., in Langland,382;439, ff., high and low,445ff.Miracle plays,459.Miracles de Notre Dame,489.Miraclis pleyinge, treatise on,461ff.,468.Mireio,144.Mirk,496.Miroir de Justice,239.Minstral,144.Moktader, Caliph Al,27.Molière,229,302,404,443,472,493.Monasteries, their wealth,158;179, literary work in,197ff., Wyclif on,437.Monk, Chaucer's,315,321,325,499.Monmouth, Geoffrey of,114, life and works,132ff.,182,297.Monsters, in A.S. literature,50,55ff.,92.Montaigne,97,323.Monteflor, Paul de,264.Montesquieu,255.Montfort, Simon de,193,250.Moral Ode,206.Moralities,84,489ff.Moravian Brethren,438.Morgan the fairy,134,350.Morley, John,343.Morris, William,41.Morte Arthure,223,348,521.Moubray, John de,238.Mous, uplandis,508ff.Mowbray, family of,109.Müntz, on Renaissance,287.Musset, Alfred de,139,141,143,302,394,496.Mysteries,326,332,459ff., decay of,489ff., French, their end,493.Napier, onOrmulum,206."Nature," her discourses,177,371.Nature, an interlude,491.Naturis Rerum, De,177,178.Navy, German and Scandinavian,26ff., Alfred's,27, English,256ff., in the XVth century,515,517ff.Neckham, Alexander,177.Nennius,114,132.Netlau,11.Netter, Thomas,428.Neville, impeached,253.Nevilles, family of the,109.Newbury, William of,134,202.Nibelungenlied,41,48.Niblungs,41,43.Nicholas V.,524.Nicholson, E. B., on Mandeville,407.Nithard,78.Noah, his ark,201, his wife,484ff.Norfolk, men of,443.Normans, of France, Bk. ii. c. i.,97ff., their turn of mind,182,250.Norsemen,27.Northgate, Michel of,215.Nova Poetria,179ff.Nugis Curialium, De,188ff.,190ff.Nunant, Hugh de,162ff.Nut-brown Maid,512."Oblar,"11.Ockham,193,194.Octa,220.Octavian,482.Odo, Bishop,103,105.Œdipus,129.Oesterley, onGesta Romanorum,182,183.Offa,63,68,198.Ogier,147,156.Ohthere, travels of,83ff."Old English,"28.Oliver (and Roland),55,99,159."Ollam,"11.Orcagna,285.Orléans, Charles d',354.Ormin,206.Ormulum,206.Orosius,67, translated by Alfred,82ff.Orpheus, history of, told by Alfred,85ff.;338.Osric, King,87.Ossa,220.Ossian,16.Otia Imperialia,195.Otuel,223.Ovid,175,276,278,293,297,325,500.Owl and Nightingale,330,443.Oxenede, John of,202.Oxford, University of,110,173ff.,248, and Wyclif,423ff., council of,434, lollardry at,437; bacchanals at,449.Pageants,453ff.,468ff.Palace of Honour,510.Palladius on Husbondrie,516.Palmieri, villa,320.Pamphilus,175.Pandarus,302ff.Panurge,151.Pardoner, Chaucer's,315,323,325;435.Parfait, the brothers,470.Paris, University of,169ff.Paris, Alexander de,130.Paris, Gaston,135,141,355.Paris, Matthew,62,63,109,112,114,200ff.,453,459ff.Parlement of Foules,294.Parliament, churchmen in,160, institution and authority of,249ff., "good,"246,419; Chaucer in,312, Langland on,386,390ff., sittings and debates,413ff.Parodies,444ff.Parson, Chaucer's,315,319,325,335,339,355, Langland's,359.Paston Letters,516ff.Patient Grissil,332.Patrick, St.,215.Patroclus,221.Paul, St.,62, his vision,92,206,215;426,472.Paul, monk of Caen,198.Pauli, on Alfred the Great,84.Pearl,351ff.Peasants, aspirations and revolt of,359,367ff.,389,405ff.,412, reach heaven,381, in the XVth century,514.Pechiez,seeManuel.Peckham, Pierre de,120.Pecock, Bishop,520ff.Pedro the cruel,325.Pélerinage de Charlemagne,146ff.Penthesilea, Queen,129.Pepin,156.Percival,134,141,259.Percy, Bishop,353.Percy, Lord Henry,223,516.Pericles,372.Perrault, on Griselda,332.Perrers, Alice,253,264,397,415,419.Peter, St.,435.Peterborough, pseudo Benedict of,202.Petite Philosophie,120.Petrarch,166,268,285,287ff., meets Chaucer (?)289,333;293,294,325,332,366,523.Petronius,33.Pharaoh,480ff.Philip III., of France,214.Philip le Bel, " 193.Philip VI., "159,360.Philippa of Hainaut, Queen,273.Philippa Chaucer,272ff.Philobiblon,167ff.Philpot, John,256,284,419.Phœnix,76ff.Physiologus,76ff.Piers Plowman,374ff.,490.Pilate,461,480ff., his wife,484.Pilgrims, Canterbury,313ff., Langland's,382ff.Pinte, the hen,150.Pisa, mediæval,286.Pisa, Andrew of,285, Nicholas of,286, William of,286.Pisan, Christina de,277,501.Pizzinghe, Jacopo,288."Placebo,"379.Plantagenet, Geoffrey, archbishop of York,163ff.Players,446ff.,467ff.,477.Plays, Bk. iii. c. vi.,439ff.Plegmund,81.Pliny,67,408,409.Plowman's Crede, Complaint, &c.,401ff.Poggio,293.Poictiers, John of,110, William of,100,104.Pole, Michel de la,312, William de la,417.Policraticus,188ff.Poliziano,293.Polo, Marco,408,409.Poole, R. Lane on Wyclif,428ff.Pope, the, William blessed by,99, and Norman kings,110, gives Ireland to Henry II.,110, derided,148, suzerainty of, over England,157, appeals to,158, and the University,170,173ff., praised by Geoffrey of Vinesauf,180, revenues of, drawn from England,248, receives presents from Edward II.,259, has no peer,263, Langland on,391, Commons hostile to,420, and Wyclif,423ff., on drama,449ff., and king,432.Pordenone, Odoric de,409.Porto, county of,107.Powell, York,40."Præmunire,"248.Praise of Peace,370.Prest, Godfrey,265.Pricke of Conscience,216.Pride of Life,491."Priests, simple or poor," Wyclif's,425ff.Priests at the play,450ff.;463.Prioress, Chaucer's,316,321,325.Priscian,175.Processions,357,449,453ff.Proprietatibus Rerum, De,195.Prose, A.S.,78ff., English,211ff., of Rolle of Hampole,218, Chaucer's, 337,411; XIVth century, Bk. iii. c. v.,403ff., English, compared with French,404ff., Wyclif's,432ff., Sir John Fortescue's,519ff., Pecock's,520, Malory's,521, Caxton's,521.Prosody, English, after the Conquest,205,245, Chaucer's,339, Lydgate's,501, Hoccleve's,501.Prothesilaus,130.Proverbs of Alfred,88.Provins, Guiot de,366."Provisors,"248.Pryderi,17.Psalter, A.S.,45,76, French,123, English,207,496."Pui" of London,355ff.,452.Puiset, Hugh de,162ff.,261.Punch,520.Purgatorio,294,295.Puritans,57,72,389,428,437.Purvey, J.,433.Pytheas,4,5.Quenouille de Barberine,496.Quinctilian,167.Quintus Curtius,131.Racine, Jean,150.Rabelais,76,91,97,172,179,193,259,440,471,492.Reason, speech of,385.Recluse women,211ff.Reformation,402,427,428,491, and the drama,492ff.Regimine Principum, De,501ff.Regula Pastoralis,81.Remi, bishop of Lincoln,162.Renaissance, early in Italy,285ff.;346,476,510,523ff.Renan, E.,210.Renart,seeRoman de.Repressor, Pecock's,520.Resurrection, Mystery of the,466."Reverdies,"144."Rhyme Royal,"506.Rhys on Celts,11.Rhys ap Theodor,198.Richard Cœur-de-Lion,100,106,109,163, praised by Geoffrey de Vinesauf,180,181;329.Richard II.,109,247,253,264ff.,274,284,