Tornatella flammea.T. solidula.T. fasciata.T. auricula.T. nitidula.T. pedipes.
Tornatella flammea.T. solidula.T. fasciata.T. auricula.T. nitidula.T. pedipes.
Tornatella flammea.T. solidula.T. fasciata.T. auricula.T. nitidula.T. pedipes.
Tornatella flammea.
T. solidula.
T. fasciata.
T. auricula.
T. nitidula.
T. pedipes.
T. fasciata.The banded Tornatella.
Spire produced, apex acute, aperture straightened, with one plait on the columella; finely striated transversely, with two white transverse bands; colour purplish red.
T. coniformis.The cone-shaped Tornatella. Pl.22, fig. 3.
Species like a cone; the spire entirely flat.
Shell smooth, not covered with epidermis, conical, elongated or sub-turriculated; aperture semi-oval, entire; the outer lip sharp, dentated interiorly, plaited, enlarged over the umbilicus, which it leaves more or less exposed.
Pyramidella terebellum.P. dolabrata.P. plicata.P. corrugata.P. maculosa.
Pyramidella terebellum.P. dolabrata.P. plicata.P. corrugata.P. maculosa.
Pyramidella terebellum.P. dolabrata.P. plicata.P. corrugata.P. maculosa.
Pyramidella terebellum.
P. dolabrata.
P. plicata.
P. corrugata.
P. maculosa.
P. dolabrata.The dentated Pyramidella. Pl.22, fig. 5.
Answers to the above description; when placed on its base, it falls on one side.
P. terebellum.The wimble Pyramidella.
Smooth, glossy, white, with reddish-brown bands; columella recurved; inside of the lip smooth.
Resembling in appearance the shell of a Serpula; but the organization of the animal caused this to be made a distinct genus.
Its shells are usually found grouped together or intertwined with each other, and are very remarkable for being attached to marine bodies by the attenuated and pointed extremity of the spire.
Shell conical, tubular, thin, involute spirally, more or less close, with whorls almost completely disunited; free or adherent by intertwining; aperture straight, circular, with edges sharp and complete; several partitions not perforated towards the summit; operculum horny and complete.
V. lumbricales.The wormlike Vermetus. Pl.23, fig. 3.
A flexuous shell, with a spiral, acute tip, very much resembling a corkscrew; colour reddish brown, sometimes clouded with a darker shade.
A marine shell, with a circular aperture like the Cyclostoma, but easily distinguished by its turreted form; longitudinal, elevated ribs, never connected together, rather oblique, and sharp; the shape of the shell is elegant, being a spiral cone,formed by gibbous whorls, unconnected by a columella, gradually increasing from the apex to the base. The colour is generally yellowish or brownish white. When perfect and of good size, they are of great value and highly prized.
Shell sub-turreted, the whorls of the spire more or less pressed and garnished with interrupted longitudinal ribs, formed by the successive preservation of the reflected margin of the aperture, which is small, perfectly round, with edges united, thickened, and outwardly reflected; operculum horny and thin.
Scalaria pretiosa.S. lamellosa.S. coronata.S. varicosa.S. communis.S. Australis.S. raricosta.
Scalaria pretiosa.S. lamellosa.S. coronata.S. varicosa.S. communis.S. Australis.S. raricosta.
Scalaria pretiosa.S. lamellosa.S. coronata.S. varicosa.S. communis.S. Australis.S. raricosta.
Scalaria pretiosa.
S. lamellosa.
S. coronata.
S. varicosa.
S. communis.
S. Australis.
S. raricosta.
S. pretiosa.The precious Scalaria, more commonly called the Wentle Trap, or Winding Staircase. Pl.23, fig. 1.
This shell has its spiral whorls separate, and appears like an attenuated tube evolved round a cone; spire detached, with a deep umbilicus; volutions connected by longitudinal ribs; body extremely ventricose; colour cream yellow.
S. communis.The common Scalaria, or false Wentle Trap.
More taper and elongated than the S. pretiosa. It has no umbilicus, and the whorls are closely united.
A marine shell, which, like the Scalaria, has a round aperture, but its solidity and pearly substance distinguishes it from the Cyclostoma, which is terrestrial.
Shell thick, pearly in the interior, sub-discoid or conical; the spiral whorls sometimes detached, rounded, spiny, with a large umbilicus; aperture round or multrigonal, not modified; edges perfectly united with a small spire, tuberculated exteriorly.
Delphinula laciniata.D. distorta.D. turbinopsis.
Delphinula laciniata.D. distorta.D. turbinopsis.
Delphinula laciniata.D. distorta.D. turbinopsis.
Delphinula laciniata.
D. distorta.
D. turbinopsis.
D. laciniata.The fringed Delphinula. Pl.23, fig. 5.
Shell depressed, umbilicus large, surrounded by large vaulted scales in spiral rows; strong waved spiral striæ; colour reddish purple, variegated with white.
Some shells of this genus are highly valued for their beauty and rarity.
Shell orbicular, involuted almost in the same plane; Planorbis-shaped; the spire of the right side very depressed; umbilicus large and conical, with edges denticulated or not at the entrance; aperture not modified by the last whorl of the spire, which is entirely flat; no columella.
Solarium perspectivum.S. granulatum.S. lævigatum.S. stramineum.S. hybridum.S. variegatum.S. luteum.
Solarium perspectivum.S. granulatum.S. lævigatum.S. stramineum.S. hybridum.S. variegatum.S. luteum.
Solarium perspectivum.S. granulatum.S. lævigatum.S. stramineum.S. hybridum.S. variegatum.S. luteum.
Solarium perspectivum.
S. granulatum.
S. lævigatum.
S. stramineum.
S. hybridum.
S. variegatum.
S. luteum.
S. perspectivum.The perspective Solarium. Pl.23, fig. 4.
Species very carinated in their circumference; the aperture square; umbilicus large and crenated; colour yellowish, with brown and white bands on the sutures of the volutions.
S. variegatum.The variegated Solarium.
Species sub-carinated, aperture sub-orbicular.
This genus derived its name from its resemblance to a top.
The shells are marine, found in almost all parts of the world; some are smooth, but the greater number are covered, with knobs, spines, tuberculations, or undulations.
The long spines on the margin of the T. Solaris are placed at regular distances, and resemble the rays of the sun. Many,when decorticated, look like mother-of-pearl; others have a splendid metallic lustre. The T. agglutinans possesses the faculty of covering itself with extraneous substances, such as stones, corals, fragments of shells, &c. Of this species there are two kinds, which, though conchologically known only by one name, are familiarly known by two; the Conchologist and the Mineralogist; the former so called from being loaded with shells, and the latter with stones, &c. Sometimes the Conchologist is loaded with corals only, and then is called the Zoologist.
Shell thick, generally pearly, shaped like a top, spire sometimes depressed, sometimes elevated and pointed at the summit, sharp or carinated at its circumference, umbilicated or not; aperture depressed, angular or sub-angular, sometimes heart-shaped, with edges disunited; the right sharp; the columella arched, twisted, and often projecting forward; operculum horny, thin, with numerous spiral whorls, narrow, and increasing a little from the centre to the circumference.
Trochus imperialis.T. longispina.T. solaris.T. Indicus.T. radians.T. pileus.T. calyptræformis.T. fimbriatus.T. brevispina.T. rotularius.T. stella.T. stellaris.T. niloticus.T. pyramidalis.T. noduliferus.T. cærulescens.T. obeliscus.T. virgatus.T. asperatus.T. rhodostomus.T. spinulosus.T. costulatus.T. inermis.T. agglutinans.T. cælatus.T. tuber.T. magus.T. merula.T. argyrostomus.T. Cookii.T. conuloides.T. conulus.T. jujubinus.T. Javanicus.T. annulatus.T. doliarius.T. maculatus.T. granosus.T. squarrosus.T. incrassatus.T. flammulatus.T. elatus.T. marmoratus.T. Mauritianus.T. imbricatus.T. triserialis.T. crenulatus.T. asperulus.T. acutus.T. concavus.T. lineatus.T. zizyphinus.T. granulatus.T. granatum.T. moniliferus.T. iris.T. ornatus.T. bicingulatus.T. calliferus.T. umbilicaris.T. undatus.T. Pharaonis.T. sagittiferus.T. carneolus.T. cinerarius.T. excavatus.T. nanus.T. pyramidatus.T. erythroleucos.
Trochus imperialis.T. longispina.T. solaris.T. Indicus.T. radians.T. pileus.T. calyptræformis.T. fimbriatus.T. brevispina.T. rotularius.T. stella.T. stellaris.T. niloticus.T. pyramidalis.T. noduliferus.T. cærulescens.T. obeliscus.T. virgatus.T. asperatus.T. rhodostomus.T. spinulosus.T. costulatus.T. inermis.T. agglutinans.T. cælatus.T. tuber.T. magus.T. merula.T. argyrostomus.T. Cookii.T. conuloides.T. conulus.T. jujubinus.T. Javanicus.T. annulatus.T. doliarius.T. maculatus.T. granosus.T. squarrosus.T. incrassatus.T. flammulatus.T. elatus.T. marmoratus.T. Mauritianus.T. imbricatus.T. triserialis.T. crenulatus.T. asperulus.T. acutus.T. concavus.T. lineatus.T. zizyphinus.T. granulatus.T. granatum.T. moniliferus.T. iris.T. ornatus.T. bicingulatus.T. calliferus.T. umbilicaris.T. undatus.T. Pharaonis.T. sagittiferus.T. carneolus.T. cinerarius.T. excavatus.T. nanus.T. pyramidatus.T. erythroleucos.
Trochus imperialis.T. longispina.T. solaris.T. Indicus.T. radians.T. pileus.T. calyptræformis.T. fimbriatus.T. brevispina.T. rotularius.T. stella.T. stellaris.T. niloticus.T. pyramidalis.T. noduliferus.T. cærulescens.T. obeliscus.T. virgatus.T. asperatus.T. rhodostomus.T. spinulosus.T. costulatus.T. inermis.T. agglutinans.T. cælatus.T. tuber.T. magus.T. merula.T. argyrostomus.T. Cookii.T. conuloides.T. conulus.T. jujubinus.T. Javanicus.T. annulatus.T. doliarius.T. maculatus.T. granosus.T. squarrosus.T. incrassatus.T. flammulatus.T. elatus.T. marmoratus.T. Mauritianus.T. imbricatus.T. triserialis.T. crenulatus.T. asperulus.T. acutus.T. concavus.T. lineatus.T. zizyphinus.T. granulatus.T. granatum.T. moniliferus.T. iris.T. ornatus.T. bicingulatus.T. calliferus.T. umbilicaris.T. undatus.T. Pharaonis.T. sagittiferus.T. carneolus.T. cinerarius.T. excavatus.T. nanus.T. pyramidatus.T. erythroleucos.
Trochus imperialis.
T. longispina.
T. solaris.
T. Indicus.
T. radians.
T. pileus.
T. calyptræformis.
T. fimbriatus.
T. brevispina.
T. rotularius.
T. stella.
T. stellaris.
T. niloticus.
T. pyramidalis.
T. noduliferus.
T. cærulescens.
T. obeliscus.
T. virgatus.
T. asperatus.
T. rhodostomus.
T. spinulosus.
T. costulatus.
T. inermis.
T. agglutinans.
T. cælatus.
T. tuber.
T. magus.
T. merula.
T. argyrostomus.
T. Cookii.
T. conuloides.
T. conulus.
T. jujubinus.
T. Javanicus.
T. annulatus.
T. doliarius.
T. maculatus.
T. granosus.
T. squarrosus.
T. incrassatus.
T. flammulatus.
T. elatus.
T. marmoratus.
T. Mauritianus.
T. imbricatus.
T. triserialis.
T. crenulatus.
T. asperulus.
T. acutus.
T. concavus.
T. lineatus.
T. zizyphinus.
T. granulatus.
T. granatum.
T. moniliferus.
T. iris.
T. ornatus.
T. bicingulatus.
T. calliferus.
T. umbilicaris.
T. undatus.
T. Pharaonis.
T. sagittiferus.
T. carneolus.
T. cinerarius.
T. excavatus.
T. nanus.
T. pyramidatus.
T. erythroleucos.
T. imperialis.The imperial Trochus. Pl.23, fig. 6.
Species umbilicated, spire very depressed, sharp and radiated at their circumference by the preservation of an angular canal from the middle of the right margin. This species is rare and beautiful, found in New-Zealand.
T. zizyphinus.The livid Trochus.
Species with strong transverse striæ; colour livid, with undulated streaks of red or brownish carnation.
T. agglutinans.The agglutinating or Carrier Trochus.
Species umbilicated, with spire very depressed; the base much enlarged, and as if excavated by the large projection of the angle of the right edge, which advances much beyond the rounded columellar edge; generally covered with shells, stones, or coral.
T. niloticus.The large marble Trochus.
Species not umbilicated, conical, with base flat and circular; the columella twisted; the aperture very angular.
T. obeliscus.The obelisk Trochus.
Species not umbilicated, conic, elevated, flat and circular base; the termination of the columella strongly twisted, but passing down by the margin, appearing sloped by the advance of an internal longitudinal plait.
T. iris.The iris Trochus.
Species not umbilicated, conic, base oblique; aperture large, slightly angular; the columella twisted, and forming a kind of tooth at its termination.
T. granulatus.The granulated Trochus.
Conic, imperforate at the base, spirally granulated and not marginated at the edges of the volutions; body swelling out; spire tapering abruptly; apex acute, flesh-coloured.
T. umbilicaris.The umbilicated Trochus.
Shell conico-convex, rather flat, rounded at the top; apex depressed, volutions sub-marginate; striated spirally; aperture compressed and angular; umbilicus large, extending to the apex; colour whitish.
This genus occupies an intermediate space between the Trochus and the Turbo; distinguished from the former by the aperture being more round and slightly depressed, and from the latter by the toothlike projecting angle which the truncated columella occasions at the base of the aperture.
Shell ovate or conoid, aperture round and entire, with an operculum; outer lip disunited from the body at the top; columella arched and truncated at the base.
Monodonta bicolor.M. pagodus.M. tectum Persicum.M. papillosa.M. coronaria.M. Egyptiaca.M. carchedonius.M. tectum.M. labio.M. Australis.M. canalifera.M. viridis.M. fragarioides.M. constricta.M. modulus.M. articulata.M. lugubris.M. punctulata.M. tricarinata.M. canaliculata.M. Seminigra.M. rosea.M. lineata.
Monodonta bicolor.M. pagodus.M. tectum Persicum.M. papillosa.M. coronaria.M. Egyptiaca.M. carchedonius.M. tectum.M. labio.M. Australis.M. canalifera.M. viridis.M. fragarioides.M. constricta.M. modulus.M. articulata.M. lugubris.M. punctulata.M. tricarinata.M. canaliculata.M. Seminigra.M. rosea.M. lineata.
Monodonta bicolor.M. pagodus.M. tectum Persicum.M. papillosa.M. coronaria.M. Egyptiaca.M. carchedonius.M. tectum.M. labio.M. Australis.M. canalifera.M. viridis.M. fragarioides.M. constricta.M. modulus.M. articulata.M. lugubris.M. punctulata.M. tricarinata.M. canaliculata.M. Seminigra.M. rosea.M. lineata.
Monodonta bicolor.
M. pagodus.
M. tectum Persicum.
M. papillosa.
M. coronaria.
M. Egyptiaca.
M. carchedonius.
M. tectum.
M. labio.
M. Australis.
M. canalifera.
M. viridis.
M. fragarioides.
M. constricta.
M. modulus.
M. articulata.
M. lugubris.
M. punctulata.
M. tricarinata.
M. canaliculata.
M. Seminigra.
M. rosea.
M. lineata.
M. coronaria.The crowned Monodonta.
Species in which the columella greatly projects, and the spire is entirely flat; covered with numerous small tubercles; colour white; the columella tinged with red.
M. labio.The double-lipped Monodonta. Pl.23, fig. 2.
Species sub-globular, umbilicated, spiral whorls rounded; the columella terminated by a tooth.
M. fragarioides.The strawberry-shaped Monodonta.
Species more or less globular, of which the columella, almost straight, offers but a little obstacle to its junction with the margin.
Distinguished from the Monodonta by never having the columella truncated at the base; and from the Trochus by being solid, with the whorls constantly convex and never flattened. Like the Trochus, when decorticated, the Turbo exhibits splendid pearly, gold, or silver irridescent colours.
Shell thick, pearly in the interior; depressed, conical, or sub-turreted; umbilicated or not, little or not carinated at its circumference; aperture round or little depressed; the middle of the external edge not bent, but sometimes hollowed or sloped in some part; the edges rarely joined by a callosity; the columella arched, rarely twisted, and not truncated at the base; operculum calcareous or horny; the spire visible externally in the latter and interiorly in the former; the exterior often thickened and curved.
Turbo marmoratus.T. imperialis.T. torquatus.T. diaphanus.T. rugosus.T. coronatus.T. sarmaticus.T. cornutus.T. argyrastomus.T. Chrysostomus.T. radiatus.T. margaritaceus.T. setosus.T. Spenglerianus.T. petholatus.T. undulatus.T. pica.T. versicolor.T. smaragdus.T. cidaris.T. crenulatus.T. hippocastanum.T. muricatus.T. littoreus.T. ustulatus.T. Nicobaricus.T. neritoides.T. retusus.T. rudis.T. obtusatus.T. pullus.T. cærulescens.T. cancellatus.T. costatus.
Turbo marmoratus.T. imperialis.T. torquatus.T. diaphanus.T. rugosus.T. coronatus.T. sarmaticus.T. cornutus.T. argyrastomus.T. Chrysostomus.T. radiatus.T. margaritaceus.T. setosus.T. Spenglerianus.T. petholatus.T. undulatus.T. pica.T. versicolor.T. smaragdus.T. cidaris.T. crenulatus.T. hippocastanum.T. muricatus.T. littoreus.T. ustulatus.T. Nicobaricus.T. neritoides.T. retusus.T. rudis.T. obtusatus.T. pullus.T. cærulescens.T. cancellatus.T. costatus.
Turbo marmoratus.T. imperialis.T. torquatus.T. diaphanus.T. rugosus.T. coronatus.T. sarmaticus.T. cornutus.T. argyrastomus.T. Chrysostomus.T. radiatus.T. margaritaceus.T. setosus.T. Spenglerianus.T. petholatus.T. undulatus.T. pica.T. versicolor.T. smaragdus.T. cidaris.T. crenulatus.T. hippocastanum.T. muricatus.T. littoreus.T. ustulatus.T. Nicobaricus.T. neritoides.T. retusus.T. rudis.T. obtusatus.T. pullus.T. cærulescens.T. cancellatus.T. costatus.
Turbo marmoratus.
T. imperialis.
T. torquatus.
T. diaphanus.
T. rugosus.
T. coronatus.
T. sarmaticus.
T. cornutus.
T. argyrastomus.
T. Chrysostomus.
T. radiatus.
T. margaritaceus.
T. setosus.
T. Spenglerianus.
T. petholatus.
T. undulatus.
T. pica.
T. versicolor.
T. smaragdus.
T. cidaris.
T. crenulatus.
T. hippocastanum.
T. muricatus.
T. littoreus.
T. ustulatus.
T. Nicobaricus.
T. neritoides.
T. retusus.
T. rudis.
T. obtusatus.
T. pullus.
T. cærulescens.
T. cancellatus.
T. costatus.
T. pica.The Magpie Turbo. Pl.24, fig. 6.
Species in which the aperture is oblique; the columella losing itself entirely in its continuation with the margin, the umbilicus always uncovered; colour black and white.
T. setosus.The bristly Turbo.
Thick, transversely and deeply sulcated, longitudinally striated; spire short, volutions rounded, lip crenulated; inside pearly, variegated with white, green, and brown.
T. rugosus.The rough Turbo.
Species of which the aperture is perfectly round in the direction of the axis; the operculum horny.
Shell marine, generally small, solid, of an oval conical form, oblong, a little sloping in front; columella flattened and truncated anteriorly; right margin furrowed or radiated within, and thickened by a callosity running to its origin; operculum oval, thin, horny, and sub-spiral.
Planaxis sulcata.Planaxis undulata.
Planaxis sulcata.Planaxis undulata.
Planaxis sulcata.Planaxis undulata.
Planaxis sulcata.
Planaxis undulata.
P. sulcata.The furrowed Planaxis. Pl.27, fig. 4.
Imperforate, furrowed transversely; outer lip crenulatedand striated internally; colour grayish white, spotted with black, forming oblique longitudinal bands.
This genus of shells is celebrated for the beauty and variety of the colouring, disposed in such a manner as to resemble the plumage of a pheasant.
They are marine shells, many of which are rare and valuable; they possess a very distinctive character, that of a slightly projecting angle running along the columella.
Shell rather thick, oval, smooth, without epidermis, spire pointed; aperture oval, larger in front, with disunited edges; the right sharp; the columella uniting itself a little with the left edge, and offering interiorly a longitudinal callosity; operculum calcareous, oval, oblong, sub-spiral, the summit at one of its extremities.
Phasianella bulimoides.P. rubens.P. variegata.P. elegans.P. Peruviana.P. lineata.P. nebulosa.P. sulcata.P. Mauritiana.P. angulifera.
Phasianella bulimoides.P. rubens.P. variegata.P. elegans.P. Peruviana.P. lineata.P. nebulosa.P. sulcata.P. Mauritiana.P. angulifera.
Phasianella bulimoides.P. rubens.P. variegata.P. elegans.P. Peruviana.P. lineata.P. nebulosa.P. sulcata.P. Mauritiana.P. angulifera.
Phasianella bulimoides.
P. rubens.
P. variegata.
P. elegans.
P. Peruviana.
P. lineata.
P. nebulosa.
P. sulcata.
P. Mauritiana.
P. angulifera.
P. picta.The painted Phasianella. Pl.24, fig. 2.
Species smooth, oval, glossy, volutions inflated; reddish white, with crimson or reddish brown spots; aperture sub-ovate.
This genus is easily distinguished from all screwlike shells by a sinus on the right margin of the aperture, not existing in any other shell of similar form.
Shell marine, turreted, not pearly, rather thin, striated according to the turning of the spire, which is very pointed, and has numerous whorls; aperture rounded; the edges disunited posteriorly; the right extremity thin, and, when perfect, having a light sinus about the middle; operculum horny.
Turritella duplicata.T. terebra.T. imbricata.T. replicata.T. fuscata.T. cornea.T. brevialis.T. bicingulata.T. trisulcata.T. exoleta.T. carinifera.T. Australis.T. Virginiana.
Turritella duplicata.T. terebra.T. imbricata.T. replicata.T. fuscata.T. cornea.T. brevialis.T. bicingulata.T. trisulcata.T. exoleta.T. carinifera.T. Australis.T. Virginiana.
Turritella duplicata.T. terebra.T. imbricata.T. replicata.T. fuscata.T. cornea.T. brevialis.T. bicingulata.T. trisulcata.T. exoleta.T. carinifera.T. Australis.T. Virginiana.
Turritella duplicata.
T. terebra.
T. imbricata.
T. replicata.
T. fuscata.
T. cornea.
T. brevialis.
T. bicingulata.
T. trisulcata.
T. exoleta.
T. carinifera.
T. Australis.
T. Virginiana.
T. bicingulata.The twice-girdled Turritella. Pl.24, fig. 5.
Species that answers to the above description.
T. terebra.The auger Turritella.
Taper, pointed, acute transverse striæ, the intermediate spaces prominent and acute; white, reddish, or cream coloured.
A beautiful and numerous genus of turreted shells, with an expanded outer lip and short beak; the greater part are marine; many are found at the mouths of rivers, and a few in lakes, though none can properly be called river shells. In appearance they are like an elongated pyramidal cone, and the spire is at least two thirds the length of the shell. The exterior is seldom smooth, but striated, tuberculated, granulated, or spinous.
Shell more or less turreted, generally tuberculated; aperture small, oval, oblique; the columellar edge hollowed, callous; the right edge sharp, and dilating a little with age; operculum horny, oval, rounded, sub-spiral, and striated.
Cerithium giganteum.C. palustre.C. sulcatum.C. telescopium.C. ebeninum.C. erythræonense.C. muricatum.C. radula.C. crassum.C. decollatum.C. nodulosum.C. vulgatum.C. obeliscus.C. granulatum.C. aluco.C. echinatum.C. subulatum.C. heteroclites.C. zonale.C. semiferrugineum.C. torulosum.C. tuberculatum.C. morus.C. obtusum.C. semigranosum.C. asperum.C. lineatum.C. vertagus.C. fasciatum.C. ocellatum.C. literatum.C. atratum.C. eburneum.C. punctatum.C. lima.C. perversum.
Cerithium giganteum.C. palustre.C. sulcatum.C. telescopium.C. ebeninum.C. erythræonense.C. muricatum.C. radula.C. crassum.C. decollatum.C. nodulosum.C. vulgatum.C. obeliscus.C. granulatum.C. aluco.C. echinatum.C. subulatum.C. heteroclites.C. zonale.C. semiferrugineum.C. torulosum.C. tuberculatum.C. morus.C. obtusum.C. semigranosum.C. asperum.C. lineatum.C. vertagus.C. fasciatum.C. ocellatum.C. literatum.C. atratum.C. eburneum.C. punctatum.C. lima.C. perversum.
Cerithium giganteum.C. palustre.C. sulcatum.C. telescopium.C. ebeninum.C. erythræonense.C. muricatum.C. radula.C. crassum.C. decollatum.C. nodulosum.C. vulgatum.C. obeliscus.C. granulatum.C. aluco.C. echinatum.C. subulatum.C. heteroclites.C. zonale.C. semiferrugineum.C. torulosum.C. tuberculatum.C. morus.C. obtusum.C. semigranosum.C. asperum.C. lineatum.C. vertagus.C. fasciatum.C. ocellatum.C. literatum.C. atratum.C. eburneum.C. punctatum.C. lima.C. perversum.
Cerithium giganteum.
C. palustre.
C. sulcatum.
C. telescopium.
C. ebeninum.
C. erythræonense.
C. muricatum.
C. radula.
C. crassum.
C. decollatum.
C. nodulosum.
C. vulgatum.
C. obeliscus.
C. granulatum.
C. aluco.
C. echinatum.
C. subulatum.
C. heteroclites.
C. zonale.
C. semiferrugineum.
C. torulosum.
C. tuberculatum.
C. morus.
C. obtusum.
C. semigranosum.
C. asperum.
C. lineatum.
C. vertagus.
C. fasciatum.
C. ocellatum.
C. literatum.
C. atratum.
C. eburneum.
C. punctatum.
C. lima.
C. perversum.
C. vertagus.The curved beak Cerithium. Pl.24, fig. 3.
Species with evidently a small canal, very short, and recurved obliquely towards the back.
C. aluco.The caterpillar Cerithium.
Species with a canal much smaller, but entirely straight, and a sinus well formed at the posterior union of the two edges.
C. semigranosum.The semi-granulated Cerithium.
Fusiform, turreted; apex acute; the suture with double spiral rows of large granules; minutely striated transversely, with sulcated granulations; colour reddish brown.
Distinguished from the Cerithium by having a notch or slit in the right margin.
Shell fusiform, rather rugged, spire turreted; aperture ovate, small, terminated by a canal variable in length; the right edge sharp, more or less notched; operculum horny.
Pleurotoma imperialis.P. auriculifera.P. muricata.P. echinata.P. fascialis.P. bimarginata.P. buccinoides.P. cingulifera.P. flavidula.P. interrupta.P. crenularis.P. cincta.P. unizonalis.P. lineata.P. spirata.P. virgo.P. Babylonia.P. undosa.P. marmorata.P. tigrina.P. crispa.P. albina.P. nodifera.
Pleurotoma imperialis.P. auriculifera.P. muricata.P. echinata.P. fascialis.P. bimarginata.P. buccinoides.P. cingulifera.P. flavidula.P. interrupta.P. crenularis.P. cincta.P. unizonalis.P. lineata.P. spirata.P. virgo.P. Babylonia.P. undosa.P. marmorata.P. tigrina.P. crispa.P. albina.P. nodifera.
Pleurotoma imperialis.P. auriculifera.P. muricata.P. echinata.P. fascialis.P. bimarginata.P. buccinoides.P. cingulifera.P. flavidula.P. interrupta.P. crenularis.P. cincta.P. unizonalis.P. lineata.P. spirata.P. virgo.P. Babylonia.P. undosa.P. marmorata.P. tigrina.P. crispa.P. albina.P. nodifera.
Pleurotoma imperialis.
P. auriculifera.
P. muricata.
P. echinata.
P. fascialis.
P. bimarginata.
P. buccinoides.
P. cingulifera.
P. flavidula.
P. interrupta.
P. crenularis.
P. cincta.
P. unizonalis.
P. lineata.
P. spirata.
P. virgo.
P. Babylonia.
P. undosa.
P. marmorata.
P. tigrina.
P. crispa.
P. albina.
P. nodifera.
P. Babylonia.The Tower of Babel Pleurotoma. Pl.24, fig. 1.
Species in which the tube is rather long, and the notch is a little posterior to the middle of the edge.
P. auriculifera.The eared Pleurotoma.
Species in which the tube is short, and the notch entirely against the spire.
P. nodifera.The knotty or Javanese Pleurotoma.
Species with outer lip largely notched and deeply crenulated; upper volution smooth; under volution and body striated transversely, with angulated oblique nodules at the suture; colour reddish yellow.
By Linnæus this genus was classed with the Voluta, though they are more closely allied to the Murex; differing, however, from them by having no varices.
Shell generally turbinated, but sometimes turreted, rugged, and thick; spire variable in form; aperture elongated, terminated by a straight canal, often rather short; the left edge almost straight, and formed by a callosity which hides the columella; the right edge entire and sharp; the columella with two or three unequal, almost transverse plaits.
Turbinella scolymus.T. rapa.T. napus.T. pyrum.T. pugillarisT. leucozonalis.T. rustica.T. cingulifera.T. polygonia.T. carinifera.T. rhinocerosT. cornigera.T. ceramica.T. capitellam.T. mitis.T. globulus.T. infundibulum.T. craticulata.T. lineata.T. nassatula.T. triserialis.T. variolaris.T. ocellata.
Turbinella scolymus.T. rapa.T. napus.T. pyrum.T. pugillarisT. leucozonalis.T. rustica.T. cingulifera.T. polygonia.T. carinifera.T. rhinocerosT. cornigera.T. ceramica.T. capitellam.T. mitis.T. globulus.T. infundibulum.T. craticulata.T. lineata.T. nassatula.T. triserialis.T. variolaris.T. ocellata.
Turbinella scolymus.T. rapa.T. napus.T. pyrum.T. pugillarisT. leucozonalis.T. rustica.T. cingulifera.T. polygonia.T. carinifera.T. rhinocerosT. cornigera.T. ceramica.T. capitellam.T. mitis.T. globulus.T. infundibulum.T. craticulata.T. lineata.T. nassatula.T. triserialis.T. variolaris.T. ocellata.
Turbinella scolymus.
T. rapa.
T. napus.
T. pyrum.
T. pugillaris
T. leucozonalis.
T. rustica.
T. cingulifera.
T. polygonia.
T. carinifera.
T. rhinoceros
T. cornigera.
T. ceramica.
T. capitellam.
T. mitis.
T. globulus.
T. infundibulum.
T. craticulata.
T. lineata.
T. nassatula.
T. triserialis.
T. variolaris.
T. ocellata.
T. rapa.The turnip Turbinella.
Species fusiform and almost smooth.
T. scolymus.The artichoke Turbinella.
Species turbinated and spinous.
T. infundibulum.The funnel-shaped Turbinella.
Species turreted and fusiform.
T. pyrum.The pear-shaped Turbinella.
Species with spire short, mucronate; apex mammiliform, beak long; columella with four plaits; colour yellowish white, with irregular reddish brown spots.
This genus is not given by De Blainville precisely like Lamarck, as he has removed those that are greatly canaliculated either to the Murex or Turbinella. They are all marine shells, and greatly approximate the last-mentioned genus.
Shell oval, globular, ventricose, rugged; the spire middling, pointed; aperture ovate, enlarged, grooved, and sometimes sub-canaliculated anteriorly; the right edge effuse, concave, sharp; the left or columellar edge almost straight, and marked in the middle by two or three plaits; operculum horny.
Cancellaria reticulata.C. asperella.C. scalaria.C. scalariformis.C. nodulosa.C. cancellata.C. senticosa.C. citharella.C. spirata.C. obliquata.C. rugosa.C. Ziervogeliana.
Cancellaria reticulata.C. asperella.C. scalaria.C. scalariformis.C. nodulosa.C. cancellata.C. senticosa.C. citharella.C. spirata.C. obliquata.C. rugosa.C. Ziervogeliana.
Cancellaria reticulata.C. asperella.C. scalaria.C. scalariformis.C. nodulosa.C. cancellata.C. senticosa.C. citharella.C. spirata.C. obliquata.C. rugosa.C. Ziervogeliana.
Cancellaria reticulata.
C. asperella.
C. scalaria.
C. scalariformis.
C. nodulosa.
C. cancellata.
C. senticosa.
C. citharella.
C. spirata.
C. obliquata.
C. rugosa.
C. Ziervogeliana.
C. reticulata.The reticulated Cancellaria. Pl.25, fig. 5.
Oval, strong, ventricose; columella with three plaits; distant, coarse, reticulated striæ; sometimes with yellow or orange bands; aperture white.
This genus was separated by Lamarck from the Murex of Linnæus on account of having no varices.
Shell fusiform or sub-fusiform; aperture middling, elongated, almost symmetrical, terminated by a rather long straight tube; external edge sharp; the columellar edge with two or three oblique plaits.
Fasciolaria tulipa.F. distans.F. trapezium.F. aurantiaca.F. coronata.F. filamentosa.F. ferruginea.F. tarentina.
Fasciolaria tulipa.F. distans.F. trapezium.F. aurantiaca.F. coronata.F. filamentosa.F. ferruginea.F. tarentina.
Fasciolaria tulipa.F. distans.F. trapezium.F. aurantiaca.F. coronata.F. filamentosa.F. ferruginea.F. tarentina.
Fasciolaria tulipa.
F. distans.
F. trapezium.
F. aurantiaca.
F. coronata.
F. filamentosa.
F. ferruginea.
F. tarentina.
F. tulipa.The tulip Fasciolaria. Pl.25, fig. 4.
Species fusiform, not tuberculated.
F. trapezium.The striped tower Fasciolaria.
Species fusiform, volutions tuberculated, ventricose; reddish fawn coloured, with transverse double, slightly undulated lines; inside of aperture with reddish striæ.
F. filamentosa.The threaded Fasciolaria.
Species turreted and tuberculated.
Likewise taken from the Murex; they are marine shells, of an elongated fusiform shape, with whorls ventricose in the middle or at the lower extremity.
Shell covered with epidermis, rough, fusiform, or ventricose in the middle; prolonged behind by the spire, but particularly forward by the canal; aperture oval; the columellar edge straight or nearly so; the exterior edge sharp; operculum oval, horny, with sub-concentric elements, and summit lateral.
Fusus colosseus.F. longissimus.F. colus.F. tuberculatus.F. Nicobaricus.F. distans.F. torulosus.F. incrassatus.F. multicarinatus.F. sulcatus.F. antiquus.F. despectus.F. carinatus.F. proboscidiferus.F. Islandicus.F. morio.F. coronatus.F. cochlidium.F. corona.F. raphanus.F. filosus.F. polygonoides.F. verruculatus.F. lignarius.F. Syracusanus.F. strigosus.F. varius.F. crebricostatus.F. Afer.F. rubens.F. sinistralis.F. Nifat.F. articulatus.F. buccinatus.F. aculeiformis.F. scalarinus.
Fusus colosseus.F. longissimus.F. colus.F. tuberculatus.F. Nicobaricus.F. distans.F. torulosus.F. incrassatus.F. multicarinatus.F. sulcatus.F. antiquus.F. despectus.F. carinatus.F. proboscidiferus.F. Islandicus.F. morio.F. coronatus.F. cochlidium.F. corona.F. raphanus.F. filosus.F. polygonoides.F. verruculatus.F. lignarius.F. Syracusanus.F. strigosus.F. varius.F. crebricostatus.F. Afer.F. rubens.F. sinistralis.F. Nifat.F. articulatus.F. buccinatus.F. aculeiformis.F. scalarinus.
Fusus colosseus.F. longissimus.F. colus.F. tuberculatus.F. Nicobaricus.F. distans.F. torulosus.F. incrassatus.F. multicarinatus.F. sulcatus.F. antiquus.F. despectus.F. carinatus.F. proboscidiferus.F. Islandicus.F. morio.F. coronatus.F. cochlidium.F. corona.F. raphanus.F. filosus.F. polygonoides.F. verruculatus.F. lignarius.F. Syracusanus.F. strigosus.F. varius.F. crebricostatus.F. Afer.F. rubens.F. sinistralis.F. Nifat.F. articulatus.F. buccinatus.F. aculeiformis.F. scalarinus.
Fusus colosseus.
F. longissimus.
F. colus.
F. tuberculatus.
F. Nicobaricus.
F. distans.
F. torulosus.
F. incrassatus.
F. multicarinatus.
F. sulcatus.
F. antiquus.
F. despectus.
F. carinatus.
F. proboscidiferus.
F. Islandicus.
F. morio.
F. coronatus.
F. cochlidium.
F. corona.
F. raphanus.
F. filosus.
F. polygonoides.
F. verruculatus.
F. lignarius.
F. Syracusanus.
F. strigosus.
F. varius.
F. crebricostatus.
F. Afer.
F. rubens.
F. sinistralis.
F. Nifat.
F. articulatus.
F. buccinatus.
F. aculeiformis.
F. scalarinus.
F. colus.The spindle Fusus. Pl.25, fig. 3.
Species turreted or sub-turreted, not umbilicated; outer lip entire, columella smooth.
F. filosus.The threaded Fusus.
Species sub-turreted and umbilicated.
Distinguished from the Fusus by having a short depressed spire, and the last whorl very large and ventricose, giving this shell the shape of a pear.
Shell pyriform by the depression of the spire, the canal conical, very long or middling, sometimes a little sloped; aperture oval, very large; columella smooth.
Pyrula canaliculata.P. carica.P. perversa.P. candelabrum.P. ternatana.P. bezoar.P. rapa.P. papyracea.P. tuba.P. bucephala.P. vespertilio.P. melongena.P. reticulata.P. ficus.P. ficoides.P. spirata.P. spirillus.P. elongata.P. galcodes.P. angulata.P. squamosa.P. nodosa.P. citrina.P. abbreviata.P. neritoidea.P. deformis.P. lineata.P. plicata.
Pyrula canaliculata.P. carica.P. perversa.P. candelabrum.P. ternatana.P. bezoar.P. rapa.P. papyracea.P. tuba.P. bucephala.P. vespertilio.P. melongena.P. reticulata.P. ficus.P. ficoides.P. spirata.P. spirillus.P. elongata.P. galcodes.P. angulata.P. squamosa.P. nodosa.P. citrina.P. abbreviata.P. neritoidea.P. deformis.P. lineata.P. plicata.
Pyrula canaliculata.P. carica.P. perversa.P. candelabrum.P. ternatana.P. bezoar.P. rapa.P. papyracea.P. tuba.P. bucephala.P. vespertilio.P. melongena.P. reticulata.P. ficus.P. ficoides.P. spirata.P. spirillus.P. elongata.P. galcodes.P. angulata.P. squamosa.P. nodosa.P. citrina.P. abbreviata.P. neritoidea.P. deformis.P. lineata.P. plicata.
Pyrula canaliculata.
P. carica.
P. perversa.
P. candelabrum.
P. ternatana.
P. bezoar.
P. rapa.
P. papyracea.
P. tuba.
P. bucephala.
P. vespertilio.
P. melongena.
P. reticulata.
P. ficus.
P. ficoides.
P. spirata.
P. spirillus.
P. elongata.
P. galcodes.
P. angulata.
P. squamosa.
P. nodosa.
P. citrina.
P. abbreviata.
P. neritoidea.
P. deformis.
P. lineata.
P. plicata.
P. melongena.The open-mouth Pyrula. Pl.25, fig. 6.
Species ventricose, tube or canal short; aperture very large and effuse; tuberculated, striated longitudinally.
P. ficus.The fig Pyrula.
Spire very short; volutions rounded above; very thin and ventricose; colour yellowish brown, with dark brown spots; covered with decussated striæ.
The shells of this genus are marine, inhabited by mollusca, that, by frequently moving in and out of the shell while wandering on the shore in search of food, produce singular callosities on the two edges of the aperture. They generally resemble the Murex and Buccinum, but are distinguished by a thickened marginal lip on the right side.
Shell ovate, spire produced; aperture sinuous, terminated at the base by a very short canal; straight, and without a notch; columellar edge callous and effuse; right edge with a thickened varix.
Struthiolaria nodulosa.Struthiolaria crenulata.
Struthiolaria nodulosa.Struthiolaria crenulata.
Struthiolaria nodulosa.Struthiolaria crenulata.
Struthiolaria nodulosa.
Struthiolaria crenulata.
S. nodulosa.The nodulous Struthiolaria. Pl.25, fig 1.
Ovate, grooved and striated transversely; top of volutions flattened and nodulous; cream-coloured, with undulated, brownish-yellow longitudinal lines; interior of lip yellowish.
9. Ranella. Fourteen species.
This genus of shells has two rows of varices or thickened bands, arranged on either side in rows, so that it forms a distinct division between the Struthiolaria and the Murex.
Shell oval, as if depressed by the preservation of each side of a longitudinal thickened band; aperture oval, almost symmetrical by the excavation of the columellar edge, terminating anteriorly by a short canal, often a little sloping; a sinus at the posterior junction of the two edges.
Ranella gigantea.R. leucostoma.R. candisata.R. Argus.R. ranina.R. spinosa.R. bufonia.R. granulata.R. granifera.R. semigranosa.R. bitubercularis.R. crumena.R. anceps.R. pygmæa.
Ranella gigantea.R. leucostoma.R. candisata.R. Argus.R. ranina.R. spinosa.R. bufonia.R. granulata.R. granifera.R. semigranosa.R. bitubercularis.R. crumena.R. anceps.R. pygmæa.
Ranella gigantea.R. leucostoma.R. candisata.R. Argus.R. ranina.R. spinosa.R. bufonia.R. granulata.R. granifera.R. semigranosa.R. bitubercularis.R. crumena.R. anceps.R. pygmæa.
Ranella gigantea.
R. leucostoma.
R. candisata.
R. Argus.
R. ranina.
R. spinosa.
R. bufonia.
R. granulata.
R. granifera.
R. semigranosa.
R. bitubercularis.
R. crumena.
R. anceps.
R. pygmæa.
R. ranina.The froglike Ranella. Pl.25, fig. 2.
Species not umbilicated.
R. granulata.The granulated Ranella.
Species not umbilicated.
R. spinosa.The prickly Ranella.
Species of which the varices have elongated spines; beak sulcated; outer lip internally crenated; acute, short, distinct muricated tubercles; fawn coloured.
Though so greatly divided by Lamarck, this is a beautiful and numerous genus, comprehending only such shells as have three or more varices on each whorl.
These varices show the number of times the animal has increased the size of its shell, and what proportion is added at each increase.
The shells are generally irregular in form, arising from their surfaces being usually armed with spines, knobs, striæ, or foliations.
Shell generally oval; the spire always but little elevated, armed with longitudinal transverse varices or thickened bands; aperture small; very oval and symmetrical by the excavation of the left edge, formed by a plate applied on the columella, terminated anteriorly by a middling sized canal, sometimes very long and close; the right edge more or less adorned with varices; operculum horny, oval, complete, almost circular, with sub-concentric partitions; summit terminal.
Murex crassispina.M. Haustellum.M. acanthopterus.M. tenuispina.M. rarispina.M. inflatus.M. elongatus.M. palmarosæ.M. brevifrons.M. calcitrapa.M. adustus.M. rufus.M. axicornis.M. cervicornis.M. aculeatus.M. microphyllus.M. brassica.M. saxatilis.M. endivia.M. radix.M. melanomathos.M. hexagonus.M. scorpio.M. secundus.M. Tarentinus.M. scaber.M. costularis.M. cornutus.M. brandaris.M. ternispina.M. brevispina.M. tenuirostrum.M. motacilla.M. asperrimus.M. phyllopterus.M. capucinus.M. tripterus.M. trigonularis.M. uncinarius.M. hemitripterus.M. gibbosus.M. triqueter.M. trigonulus.M. quadrifrons.M. turbinatus.M. trunculus.M. anguliferus.M. melonulus.M. Magellanicus.M. lamellosus.M. erinaceus.M. cinguliferus.M. subcarinatus.M. torosus.M. polygonulus.M. vitulinus.M. angularis.M. crispatus.M. fenestratus.M. cingulatus.M. lyratus.M. concatenatus.M. granarius.M. fimbriatus.M. pulchellus.M. aciculatus.
Murex crassispina.M. Haustellum.M. acanthopterus.M. tenuispina.M. rarispina.M. inflatus.M. elongatus.M. palmarosæ.M. brevifrons.M. calcitrapa.M. adustus.M. rufus.M. axicornis.M. cervicornis.M. aculeatus.M. microphyllus.M. brassica.M. saxatilis.M. endivia.M. radix.M. melanomathos.M. hexagonus.M. scorpio.M. secundus.M. Tarentinus.M. scaber.M. costularis.M. cornutus.M. brandaris.M. ternispina.M. brevispina.M. tenuirostrum.M. motacilla.M. asperrimus.M. phyllopterus.M. capucinus.M. tripterus.M. trigonularis.M. uncinarius.M. hemitripterus.M. gibbosus.M. triqueter.M. trigonulus.M. quadrifrons.M. turbinatus.M. trunculus.M. anguliferus.M. melonulus.M. Magellanicus.M. lamellosus.M. erinaceus.M. cinguliferus.M. subcarinatus.M. torosus.M. polygonulus.M. vitulinus.M. angularis.M. crispatus.M. fenestratus.M. cingulatus.M. lyratus.M. concatenatus.M. granarius.M. fimbriatus.M. pulchellus.M. aciculatus.
Murex crassispina.M. Haustellum.M. acanthopterus.M. tenuispina.M. rarispina.M. inflatus.M. elongatus.M. palmarosæ.M. brevifrons.M. calcitrapa.M. adustus.M. rufus.M. axicornis.M. cervicornis.M. aculeatus.M. microphyllus.M. brassica.M. saxatilis.M. endivia.M. radix.M. melanomathos.M. hexagonus.M. scorpio.M. secundus.M. Tarentinus.M. scaber.M. costularis.M. cornutus.M. brandaris.M. ternispina.M. brevispina.M. tenuirostrum.M. motacilla.M. asperrimus.M. phyllopterus.M. capucinus.M. tripterus.M. trigonularis.M. uncinarius.M. hemitripterus.M. gibbosus.M. triqueter.M. trigonulus.M. quadrifrons.M. turbinatus.M. trunculus.M. anguliferus.M. melonulus.M. Magellanicus.M. lamellosus.M. erinaceus.M. cinguliferus.M. subcarinatus.M. torosus.M. polygonulus.M. vitulinus.M. angularis.M. crispatus.M. fenestratus.M. cingulatus.M. lyratus.M. concatenatus.M. granarius.M. fimbriatus.M. pulchellus.M. aciculatus.
Murex crassispina.
M. Haustellum.
M. acanthopterus.
M. tenuispina.
M. rarispina.
M. inflatus.
M. elongatus.
M. palmarosæ.
M. brevifrons.
M. calcitrapa.
M. adustus.
M. rufus.
M. axicornis.
M. cervicornis.
M. aculeatus.
M. microphyllus.
M. brassica.
M. saxatilis.
M. endivia.
M. radix.
M. melanomathos.
M. hexagonus.
M. scorpio.
M. secundus.
M. Tarentinus.
M. scaber.
M. costularis.
M. cornutus.
M. brandaris.
M. ternispina.
M. brevispina.
M. tenuirostrum.
M. motacilla.
M. asperrimus.
M. phyllopterus.
M. capucinus.
M. tripterus.
M. trigonularis.
M. uncinarius.
M. hemitripterus.
M. gibbosus.
M. triqueter.
M. trigonulus.
M. quadrifrons.
M. turbinatus.
M. trunculus.
M. anguliferus.
M. melonulus.
M. Magellanicus.
M. lamellosus.
M. erinaceus.
M. cinguliferus.
M. subcarinatus.
M. torosus.
M. polygonulus.
M. vitulinus.
M. angularis.
M. crispatus.
M. fenestratus.
M. cingulatus.
M. lyratus.
M. concatenatus.
M. granarius.
M. fimbriatus.
M. pulchellus.
M. aciculatus.
M. crassispina.The thick-spined Murex. Pl.26, fig. 3.
Species with tube very long and spiny.
M. adustus.The burnt Murex. Pl.26, fig. 1.
Species with three ramified varices.
M. Haustellum.The Snipe Murex. Pl.26, fig. 4.
Species with tube very long, and without spines.
M. acanthopterus.The prickly Murex.
Species with three varices on each whorl.
M. melanomathos.The black-spined Murex.
Species which have whorls with more than three varices; the tube almost close.
M. lyratus.The lyre-shaped Murex.
Species sub-turreted.
M. vitulinus.The young Murex.
Species sub-globular; the spire and the canal rather short, very open; the aperture sub-effuse.
In this genus the varices are in longitudinal rows or series, but alternating, few in number, sometimes only one on each whorl. They are never spinous or foliated, though frequently plaited or tuberculated.
The Triton variegatus type of this genus is one of the largest spiral shells.
Shell oval, with spire and canal straight, middling, generally rough, garnished with varices, rare, scattered, and preserved in longitudinal rows; aperture sub-oval, elongated,terminated by a short, open canal; the columellar edge less hollowed than the right, and covered with a callosity; operculum horny, oval, rounded, and rather large.