Ηελιον Φαεθοντα εφ' ἁρμασι πωλοι αγουσι.de Lapid. v. 90.And in another place;Ευθυς ὁτ' εκ περατων γαιης Φαεθων ανορουσων, κλ.Phaëthon was the same as Phanes: and there is something very mysterious in his character. He is represented as the first born of heaven:Πρωτογονος Φαεθων περιμηκεος Ηερος ὑιος—Hunc ait (Orpheus) esse omnium Deorum parentem; quorum causâ cœlum condiderit, liberisque prospexerit, ut haberent habitaculum, sedemque communem:Εκτισεν Αθανατοις δομον αφθιτον.Lactantus de falsâ religione. l. 1. c. 5. p. 15. His history will be explained hereafter.[153]Phœnices post multos deinde annos, a Rege Ascaloniorum expugnati, navibus appulsi, Tyron urbem ante annum Trojanæ cladis condiderunt. Justin. l. 18. c. 3. See Isaiah. c. 23. v. 11. They enlarged Tyre: but it was a city before: for it is mentioned Joshua. c. 19. v. 29. as the strong city Tyre.[154]Porphyry de Abstinentiâ. l. 2. p. 158.[155]Apuleius de genio Socratis.[156]Argonautica. v. 32. See Clementis Cohortatio. p. 12.[157]Nonni Dionysiaca. l. 19. p. 520.[158]Joseph. Antiq. l. 11. c. 5. p. 563.[159]Nehemiah. c. 8. v. 9.[160]1 Esdras. c. 9. v. 52, 53.[161]Nehemiah. c. 8. v. 11.[162]Sanchoniathon alludes to the songs of Canaan, and their great sweetness, when he is in an allegorical manner speaking of Sidon; whom he makes a person, and the inventress of harmony.Απο δε Ποντου γινεται Σιδων, ἡ καθ' ὑπερβολην ευφωνιας πρωτη ὑμνον ῳδης ἑυρεν.Apud Euseb. P. E. lib. 1. c. 10. p. 38.[163]Stephanus Byzant.[164]Sanchoniathon apud Euseb. l. 1. c. 10. p. 39.[165]Υκ καθ' ἱεραν γλωσσαι βασιλεα σημαινει. Josephus contra Ap. l. 1. c. 13. p. 445.[166]Osiris,Υσιρις, according to Hellanicus. Plutarch de Iside et Osiride.[167]Verse 129.[168]Homer's Hymn to Apollo. v. 92.[169]Ichnaia was a city in Sicily, and elsewhere.Αχναι πολις Θεσσαλιας—εστι και πολις Βοιωτιας. Steph. Byzant.Αραχναιον ορος Αργους. Ibid. Ar-Achnaion is the hill of Canaan, or the Canaanitish mount.[170]See Radicals. p. 106.[171]Pliny. l. 3. p. 173.[172]Milton. Paradise Lost. l. 1. v. 416. See also Ezekiel. c. 8. v. 14.[173]Hyginus. Fab. 154. p. 266. not. 7.Ἑτεροι δε φασι, δικαιοτατον αυτον ειναι Νειλον.Eratosthenes. Catasterism. 37.[174]Καλειται δε ὑπο των εγχωριων Βυχερνος. Αιγυπτιοι δε φασι Νειλον ειναι τον κατηστηρισμενον.Scholia in Aratum. p. 48.[175]Plutarch de Fluminibus. vol. 2. p. 1154.[176]Eustathius in Dionysium. v. 239. See Steph. Byzant.Αιγυπτος.[177]Plutarchπερι τον εκλελοιποτων χρηστηριων.vol. 1. p. 409.[178]Strabo. l. 16. p. 1101. There was supposed to have been a person in Thessaly named Cycnus, the son of Apollo. He lived upon a lake Uria; which was so called from his mother.Inde lacus Hyries videt, et Cycnëia Tempe,Quæ subitus celebravit olor. Ovid. Metam. l. 7. v. 371.Uria was also a river in Bœotia: and here was a Cycnus, said to have been the son of Poseidon. Pausan. l. 10. p. 831.[179]Ερασθεντα δε Πασιφαης Δια γενεσθαι μεν Ταυρον· νυν δε αετον και κυκνον.Porphyry de Abstin. l. 3. p. 285.Που νυν εκεινος ὁ αετος; που δαι ὁ κυκνος; που δαι αυτος ὁ Ζευς.Clemens. Alex. Cohort. p. 31.[180]Nonni Dionysiaca. l. 24. p. 626.[181]Προς Γοργονεια πεδια Κισθενης, ἱναἉι φορκιδες ναιουσι, δηναιοι κοραι,Τρεις κυκνομορφοι, κοινον ομμ' εκτημεναι.Æschyli Prometheus. p. 48.Ἁι μεν φορκιδες τρεις—ειχον ειδος Κυκνων. Scholia ibidem.Φορκυν ην ανηρ Κυρηναιος· ὁιδε Κυρηναιοι κατα γενος μεν εισιν Αιθιοπες.Palæphatus. Edit. Elz. p. 76.[182]Τατε ωτα, και τους οφθαλμους ὁι δημιουργουντες εξ ὑλης τιμιας καθιερουσι, τοις Θεοις ανατιθεντες εις τους νεως· τουτο δηπου αινισσομενοι, ὡς παντα θεος ὁρᾳ, και ακουει.Clemens Alexand. l. 5. p. 671.See Diodorus. l. 3. p. 145. This may have been one reason, among others, why the Cyclopians and Arimaspians are represented with one eye:τον μουνωπα στρατον Αριμασπον. Æschylus Prometh. p. 49. The Arimaspian history was written by Aristeus Proconnesius, and styledΑριμασπεια επη.[183]Plutarch.Ει.vol. 2. p. 387.[184]Porph. de Abst. l. 3. p. 286.[185]Aristophanes. Aves.Κυκνῳ Πυθιῳ και Δελιῳ.v. 870.[186]Plato de Republicâ. l. 10. p. 620. vol.2.[187]Porph. de Abstin. l. 4. p. 364.[188]Lycophron. v. 426. Scholia Ibidem.[189]Callimachus. Hymn to Delos. v. 249.[190]Fragmenta Lini. Ex Aristobulo. See Poesis Philosoph. H. Steph. p. 112.[191]Ovid. Metamorph. l. 14. v. 509.[192]Plato in Phædone. vol. 1. p. 84. Plutarch. inΕι.v. 2. p. 387.Cicero Tusc. Quæst. l. 1. Pliny. l. x. c. 23.Ælian de Animal. l. 2. c. 32. l. x. c. 36.Philostratus. Vita Apollon. l. 3. c. 23.[193]De Animalibus. l. 9.Και τινες ηδη πλεοντες παρα την Λιβυην περιετυχον εν τῃ θαλαττῃ πολλοις αδουσι φωνῃ γοωδει· και τουτων ἑωρων αποθνησκοντας ενιους.vol. 2. p. 423.[194]See Brown's Vulgar Errors. l. 3. c. 27.[195]Ὁ δε Μυνδιος φησιν Αλεξανδρος πολλοις τελευτωσι παρακολουθησας ουκ ακουσαι αδοντων.Athenæus. l. 9. c. 11.[196]Epigram. in Erinnam. l. 3. p. 280. H. Steph.[197]Lucretius. l. 4. v. 182.[198]See Vossius de Idol. vol. 2. l. 3. c. 88. p. 1212. and Pierius de Cygnis. p. 254.[199]Herod. l. 2. c. 109.Γεωμετριας τε αυ ἑυρεται γεγονασιν (ὁι Αιγυπτιοι.)Clemens. Strom. l. 1. p. 361.[200]L. 4. v. 279.[201]Apollonius Rhodius. l. 4. v. 279.[202]Dionys.Περιηγησις. v. 688.[203]Clem. Alexand. speaksΠερι τε της Κοσμογραφιας και Γεωγραφιας κτλ.—Χωρογραφιας τε της Αιγυπτου, και της του Νειλου διαγραφης.Strom. 6. p. 757.[204]Σεσωστρις δε, φασιν, ὁ Αιγυπτιος, πολλην περιεληλυθως γην πιναξι τε δεδωκε την περιοδον, και της των πινακων αναγραφας ουκ Αιγυπτιοις μονον, αλλα και Σκυθαις εις θαυμα μεταδουναι ηξιωσεν.Eustath. Præf. Epist. to Dionys. p. 12.[205]Ægyptios primos omnium tam cœlum quam terram esse dimensos: ejusque rei scientiam columnis incisam ad posteros propagâsse. Petavii Uranalogia. p. 121. taken from Achilles Tatius.[206]Homer. Odyss. l. α. v. 52.[207]The Atlantians were styled [Greek Ouraniônes], or sons of heaven. The head of the family was supposed to be the brother of Saturn. Diodorus. l. 3. p. 193.[208]Euseb.Ἱστοριων συναγωγη. p. 374. c. 2.[209]L. 3. 194.[210]Strabo. l. 1. p. 13.[211]Diog. Laert. Anaximander.[212]Laertius. l. 1. p. 74.[213]In Pherecyde.[214]Josephus cont. Apion. l. 1. c. 2.[215]Clemens. Strom. l. 6. p. 741.[216]Diodorus Sic. l. 1. p. 12.[217]Ibid. l. 1. p. 17.[218]P. 30.[219]Chron. Paschale. p. 34. Zonaras. p. 16.See Salmasius upon Solinus. c. 35. concerning Ogen. Also, Windelini Admiranda Nili. p. 12. and 16.[220]Metamorph. l. 2. v. 9.[221]V. 119.[222]Iliad. l. 18. v. 483. and v. 606.[223]Nonni Dionus. l. 40. p. 1040.[224]Catull. Epithalamium of Peleus and Thetis. v. 47.[225]Plutarch. Life of Theseus.[226]Add to this, what I have before taken notice of, the great absurdity of making the Grecian Argo the first ship which sailed upon the seas: Illa rudem cursu prima imbuit Amphitriten: when the poet, at the same instant, is describing Theseus, previous to the Argo,in a ship, and attended withfleet of ships.Namque fluentisono prospectans littore DiæTheseacedentem celeri cum classetuetur,Indomitos incordegerens Ariadna furores.Catulli. Epithal. Pel. et Thet. v. 52. See Famiani Stradæ Prolus. l. 3. p. 285.[227]Nonni Dionysiaca. l. 41. p. 1070.[228]Orphica ex Macrobio Saturn. l. 1. c. 18. p. 202.[229]Maps, and books too, when writing was introduced, were made of skins, calledδιφθεραι.Τας βιβλους διφθερας καλεουσι απο του παλαιου ὁι Ιωνες.Herodot. l. 5. c. 58.A Zone, of curious imagery, is given by Homer to Hercules. Odyss. l. Λ. v. 609.Χρυσεος ην τελαμων, ἱνα θεσκελα εργα τετυκτο.A remarkable passage, from Isidorus Basilidis, quoted by Clemens Alexandrin.Και γαρ μοι δοκει τους προσποιουμενους φιλοσοφειν, ἱνα μαθωσι, τι εστιν ἡ ὑποπτερος δρυς, και το επ' αυτῃ πεποικιλμενον ΦΑΡΟΣ. Παντα ὁσα Φερεκυδης αλληγορησας εθεολογησεν, λαβων απο της του Χαμ προφητειας.Strom. l. 6. p. 767.In the former verses from Nonnus we may see the method of deviation. Pharos, a tower, is taken for Pharos a garment; and this altered toΧιτων: and, after all, the genuine history is discernible, notwithstanding the veil which is spread over it. The author says, that, at the bottom,εϋκλωστοιοΧιτωνος, of the well-woven garment, flowed the Ocean, which surrounded the world. This is certainly a misinterpretation of the termφαρος: and, in the original writings, whence these verses were copied, the history related to a tower: and it was at the footΦΑΡΟΥ ΕΥΚΛΥΣΤΟΙΟthat the ocean beat, by which the earth was encircled.[230]Bochart Geog. Sacra. l. 1. c. 228. p. 524. ofתור.[231]Strabo. l. 16. p. 1110.[232]Diodorus Siculus. l. 4. p. 231.[233]Strabo. l. 11. p. 762.[234]Τυνδαριοι σκοπελοι. Ptolemæus. p. 122. See Strabo. l. 17. p. 1150.[235]Dionysius. v. 688. Pliny styles them oppida.Oppida—in ripâ celeberrima, Tyndarida, Circæum, &c. l. 6. c. 4.[236]The Minotaur was an emblematical representation of Menes, the same as Osiris; who was also called Dionusus, the chief Deity of Egypt. He was also the same as Atis of Lydia, whose rites were celebrated in conjunction with those of Rhea, and Cybele, the mother of the Gods. Gruter has an inscription, M. D. M. IDÆ, et ATTIDI MINOTAURO. He also mentions an altar of Attis Minoturannus. vol. 1. p. xxviii. n. 6.[237]Diodor. Sicul. l. 16. p. 411.[238]Meen was the moon: and Meno-Taurus signified Taurus Lunaris. It was a sacred emblem, of which a great deal will be said hereafter.[239]See Paruta's Sicilia nummata.[240]Τυρις, ὁ περιβολος του τειχους. Hesych. From whence we may infer, that any place surrounded with a wall or fortification might be termed a Tor or Turris.Ταρχωνιον πολις Τυῤῥηνιας.Stephan. Byzant.[241]Scholia upon Lycophron. v. 717.[242]Scholia upon Lycophron. v. 1242.The Poet says of Æneas,Παλιν πλανητην δεξεται Τυρσηνια.v. 1239.[243]Lycophron. v. 1248.[244]Ταρκυνια πολις Τυῤῥενιδος απο Ταρχωνος· το εθνικον Ταρκυνιος.Steph. Byzant.[245]Strabo. l. 5. p. 336.Ταρκωνα, αφ' ὁυ Ταρκυνια ἡ πολις.[246]Lycophron. v. 116.Ἡ Τορωνε, γυνη Πρωτεως.Scholia ibidem.[247]Τυῤῥηνοι σαλπιγγα. Tatianus Assyrius. p. 243.[248]L. 17. p. 468.[249]Scholia upon Lycophron. v. 754.[250]Pausanias. l. 9. p. 749.[251]Pausanias. l. 7. p. 524.Δειμε δε τοι μαλα καλον Ανακτορον.Callimachus. Hymn to Apollo. v. 77.[252]Homer. Odyss. λ. v. 105. Strabo supposes Trinakis to have been the modern name of the island; forgetting that it was prior to the time of Homer. l. 6. p. 407: he also thinks that it was called Trinacria from its figure: which is a mistake.[253]Hymn to Diana. v. 56. I make no doubt but Callimachus wroteΤρινακια.[254]Pliny. l. 5. c. 31.[255]Etymolog. Magn.[256]Stephanas Byzant.[257]Τραχιν, ἡ νυν Ἡρακλεια καλουμενη.Hesych. or, as Athenæus represents it, more truly,Ἡρακλειαν, την Τραχινιαν καλεομενην.l. 11. p. 462.[258]Τριαινα τοπος Αργους· ενθα την τριαιναν ορθην εστησεν ὁ Ποσειδων, συγγινομενος τη Αμυμωνη, και ευθυς κατ' εκεινο ὑδωρ ανεβλυσεν, ὁ και την επικλησιν εσχεν εξ Αμυμωνης.Scholia in Euripidis Phœniss. v. 195.[259]Eusebius. Præp. Evan. l. 3. c. 11. p. 113.[260]Palæphatus. p. 56.[261]Ibid. p. 96.[262]Palæphatus. p. 20.[263]Iliad. Σ. v. 486.[264]Diodorus Siculus. l. 3. p. 324.[265]Pindar. Pyth. Ode 4. p. 243.[266]Homer. Odyss. Λ. v. 306.[267]Chron. Paschale. p. 36.Νεβρωδ——καλουσιν Ωριωνα. Cedrenus. p. 14.[268]Homer. Odyss. Λ. v. 571.[269]Strabo. l. 3. p. 259.[270]Alorus was the first king of Babylon; and the same person as Orion, and Nimrod. See Radicals. p. 10. notes.[271]Ἑλωρος, ενθα ψυχρον εκβαλλει ποτον.Lycophron. v. 1033.Ῥειθρων Ἑλωρου προσθεν.Idem. v. 1184.Ὁ ποταμος ὁ Ἑλωρος εσχε το ονομα απο τινος βασιλεως Ἑλωρου.Schol. ibid. There were in Sicily many places of this name;Πεδιον Ἑλωριον. Diodorus. l. 13. p. 148. Elorus Castellum. Fazellus. Dec. 1. l. 4. c. 2.Via Helorina.Ἑλωρος πολις.Cluver. Sicilia Antiqua. l. 1. c. 13. p. 186.[272]Diodorus Siculus. l. 4. p. 284.[273]Nonni Dionysiaca. l. 13. p. 356.[274]Κατα μεσην δε την πολιν ἡ ακροπολις, ἡν εκαλουν βυρσαν, οφρυς ἱκανως ορθια.Strabo. l. 17. p. 1189.See also Justin. l. 18. c. 5. and Livy. l. 34. c. 62.[275]Ζαγκλη πολις Σικελιας—απο Ζαγκλου του γηγενους.Stephanus Byzant.[276]Scholia in Lycophron. v. 328.Ωριων—κατα τροπην του ου εις ω απο του ουριων εστιν απο ἱστοριας του ουρησαι τους θεους εν τῃ βυρσῃ, και γενεσθαι αυτον.Etymolog. Mag.Ωριων.[277]Τιτθη, τιτθος, τιτθιον, μαστος.Hesychius.[278]Pausanias. l. 10. p. 878.[279]Ορος—ὁ δε Τιτθειον ονομαζουσιν εφ' ἡμων, τηνικαυτα δε εκαλειτο Μυρτιον.Pausan. l. 2. p. 170.[280]Callimach. Hymn in Delon. v. 48.Μαστοι, often taken notice of by Xenophon.Αναβας. l. 4. p. 320. A hill at Lesbos.Εν Λεσβῳ κλεινης Ερεσου περικυμονι ΜΑΣΤΩ.Athenæus. l. 3. p. 111.Εχει δ' εν αυτῳ και μαστον.Polyb. l. 1. p. 57.[281]Strabo mentions in Cyprus,Αμαθους πολις—και ορος μαστοειδες Ολυμπος. l. 14. p. 1001.[282]The Circean promontory in Italy seems to have been named Tit-On; for, the bay below is by Lycophron styled Titonian.Τιτωνιον τε χευμα. v. 1275. Rivers and seas were often denominated from places near which they flowed.[283]Of the Cyclopes I shall hereafter treat at large.[284]Strabo. l. 16. p. 1080. Azara signified a treasure.[285]Strabo. l. 16. p. 1106.[286]Bell. Jud. l. 7. p. 417.[287]Canticles. c. 8. v. 10.[288]Jeremiah. c. 49. v. 27.[289]Amos. c. 1. v. 7.[290]Ibid. c. 1. v. 10.[291]Ibid. c. 1. v. 14.[292]It is remarkable, that in many of the very antient temples there was a tradition of their having suffered by lightning.[293]Canticles. c. 8. v. 8.[294]2 Chron. c. 27. v. 3.[295]Strabo. l. 16. p. 1096.[296]Canticles. c. 7. v. 4.[297]
Ηελιον Φαεθοντα εφ' ἁρμασι πωλοι αγουσι.de Lapid. v. 90.
Ηελιον Φαεθοντα εφ' ἁρμασι πωλοι αγουσι.de Lapid. v. 90.
Ηελιον Φαεθοντα εφ' ἁρμασι πωλοι αγουσι.de Lapid. v. 90.
And in another place;
Ευθυς ὁτ' εκ περατων γαιης Φαεθων ανορουσων, κλ.
Ευθυς ὁτ' εκ περατων γαιης Φαεθων ανορουσων, κλ.
Ευθυς ὁτ' εκ περατων γαιης Φαεθων ανορουσων, κλ.
Phaëthon was the same as Phanes: and there is something very mysterious in his character. He is represented as the first born of heaven:Πρωτογονος Φαεθων περιμηκεος Ηερος ὑιος—Hunc ait (Orpheus) esse omnium Deorum parentem; quorum causâ cœlum condiderit, liberisque prospexerit, ut haberent habitaculum, sedemque communem:Εκτισεν Αθανατοις δομον αφθιτον.Lactantus de falsâ religione. l. 1. c. 5. p. 15. His history will be explained hereafter.
[153]Phœnices post multos deinde annos, a Rege Ascaloniorum expugnati, navibus appulsi, Tyron urbem ante annum Trojanæ cladis condiderunt. Justin. l. 18. c. 3. See Isaiah. c. 23. v. 11. They enlarged Tyre: but it was a city before: for it is mentioned Joshua. c. 19. v. 29. as the strong city Tyre.
[154]Porphyry de Abstinentiâ. l. 2. p. 158.
[155]Apuleius de genio Socratis.
[156]Argonautica. v. 32. See Clementis Cohortatio. p. 12.
[157]Nonni Dionysiaca. l. 19. p. 520.
[158]Joseph. Antiq. l. 11. c. 5. p. 563.
[159]Nehemiah. c. 8. v. 9.
[160]1 Esdras. c. 9. v. 52, 53.
[161]Nehemiah. c. 8. v. 11.
[162]Sanchoniathon alludes to the songs of Canaan, and their great sweetness, when he is in an allegorical manner speaking of Sidon; whom he makes a person, and the inventress of harmony.Απο δε Ποντου γινεται Σιδων, ἡ καθ' ὑπερβολην ευφωνιας πρωτη ὑμνον ῳδης ἑυρεν.Apud Euseb. P. E. lib. 1. c. 10. p. 38.
[163]Stephanus Byzant.
[164]Sanchoniathon apud Euseb. l. 1. c. 10. p. 39.
[165]Υκ καθ' ἱεραν γλωσσαι βασιλεα σημαινει. Josephus contra Ap. l. 1. c. 13. p. 445.
[166]Osiris,Υσιρις, according to Hellanicus. Plutarch de Iside et Osiride.
[167]Verse 129.
[168]Homer's Hymn to Apollo. v. 92.
[169]Ichnaia was a city in Sicily, and elsewhere.
Αχναι πολις Θεσσαλιας—εστι και πολις Βοιωτιας. Steph. Byzant.
Αραχναιον ορος Αργους. Ibid. Ar-Achnaion is the hill of Canaan, or the Canaanitish mount.
[170]See Radicals. p. 106.
[171]Pliny. l. 3. p. 173.
[172]Milton. Paradise Lost. l. 1. v. 416. See also Ezekiel. c. 8. v. 14.
[173]Hyginus. Fab. 154. p. 266. not. 7.Ἑτεροι δε φασι, δικαιοτατον αυτον ειναι Νειλον.Eratosthenes. Catasterism. 37.
[174]Καλειται δε ὑπο των εγχωριων Βυχερνος. Αιγυπτιοι δε φασι Νειλον ειναι τον κατηστηρισμενον.Scholia in Aratum. p. 48.
[175]Plutarch de Fluminibus. vol. 2. p. 1154.
[176]Eustathius in Dionysium. v. 239. See Steph. Byzant.Αιγυπτος.
[177]Plutarchπερι τον εκλελοιποτων χρηστηριων.vol. 1. p. 409.
[178]Strabo. l. 16. p. 1101. There was supposed to have been a person in Thessaly named Cycnus, the son of Apollo. He lived upon a lake Uria; which was so called from his mother.
Inde lacus Hyries videt, et Cycnëia Tempe,Quæ subitus celebravit olor. Ovid. Metam. l. 7. v. 371.
Inde lacus Hyries videt, et Cycnëia Tempe,Quæ subitus celebravit olor. Ovid. Metam. l. 7. v. 371.
Inde lacus Hyries videt, et Cycnëia Tempe,
Quæ subitus celebravit olor. Ovid. Metam. l. 7. v. 371.
Uria was also a river in Bœotia: and here was a Cycnus, said to have been the son of Poseidon. Pausan. l. 10. p. 831.
[179]Ερασθεντα δε Πασιφαης Δια γενεσθαι μεν Ταυρον· νυν δε αετον και κυκνον.Porphyry de Abstin. l. 3. p. 285.
Που νυν εκεινος ὁ αετος; που δαι ὁ κυκνος; που δαι αυτος ὁ Ζευς.Clemens. Alex. Cohort. p. 31.
[180]Nonni Dionysiaca. l. 24. p. 626.
[181]
Προς Γοργονεια πεδια Κισθενης, ἱναἉι φορκιδες ναιουσι, δηναιοι κοραι,Τρεις κυκνομορφοι, κοινον ομμ' εκτημεναι.Æschyli Prometheus. p. 48.
Προς Γοργονεια πεδια Κισθενης, ἱναἉι φορκιδες ναιουσι, δηναιοι κοραι,Τρεις κυκνομορφοι, κοινον ομμ' εκτημεναι.Æschyli Prometheus. p. 48.
Προς Γοργονεια πεδια Κισθενης, ἱνα
Ἁι φορκιδες ναιουσι, δηναιοι κοραι,
Τρεις κυκνομορφοι, κοινον ομμ' εκτημεναι.Æschyli Prometheus. p. 48.
Ἁι μεν φορκιδες τρεις—ειχον ειδος Κυκνων. Scholia ibidem.
Φορκυν ην ανηρ Κυρηναιος· ὁιδε Κυρηναιοι κατα γενος μεν εισιν Αιθιοπες.Palæphatus. Edit. Elz. p. 76.
[182]Τατε ωτα, και τους οφθαλμους ὁι δημιουργουντες εξ ὑλης τιμιας καθιερουσι, τοις Θεοις ανατιθεντες εις τους νεως· τουτο δηπου αινισσομενοι, ὡς παντα θεος ὁρᾳ, και ακουει.Clemens Alexand. l. 5. p. 671.
See Diodorus. l. 3. p. 145. This may have been one reason, among others, why the Cyclopians and Arimaspians are represented with one eye:τον μουνωπα στρατον Αριμασπον. Æschylus Prometh. p. 49. The Arimaspian history was written by Aristeus Proconnesius, and styledΑριμασπεια επη.
[183]Plutarch.Ει.vol. 2. p. 387.
[184]Porph. de Abst. l. 3. p. 286.
[185]Aristophanes. Aves.Κυκνῳ Πυθιῳ και Δελιῳ.v. 870.
[186]Plato de Republicâ. l. 10. p. 620. vol.2.
[187]Porph. de Abstin. l. 4. p. 364.
[188]Lycophron. v. 426. Scholia Ibidem.
[189]Callimachus. Hymn to Delos. v. 249.
[190]Fragmenta Lini. Ex Aristobulo. See Poesis Philosoph. H. Steph. p. 112.
[191]Ovid. Metamorph. l. 14. v. 509.
[192]Plato in Phædone. vol. 1. p. 84. Plutarch. inΕι.v. 2. p. 387.
Cicero Tusc. Quæst. l. 1. Pliny. l. x. c. 23.
Ælian de Animal. l. 2. c. 32. l. x. c. 36.
Philostratus. Vita Apollon. l. 3. c. 23.
[193]De Animalibus. l. 9.Και τινες ηδη πλεοντες παρα την Λιβυην περιετυχον εν τῃ θαλαττῃ πολλοις αδουσι φωνῃ γοωδει· και τουτων ἑωρων αποθνησκοντας ενιους.vol. 2. p. 423.
[194]See Brown's Vulgar Errors. l. 3. c. 27.
[195]Ὁ δε Μυνδιος φησιν Αλεξανδρος πολλοις τελευτωσι παρακολουθησας ουκ ακουσαι αδοντων.Athenæus. l. 9. c. 11.
[196]Epigram. in Erinnam. l. 3. p. 280. H. Steph.
[197]Lucretius. l. 4. v. 182.
[198]See Vossius de Idol. vol. 2. l. 3. c. 88. p. 1212. and Pierius de Cygnis. p. 254.
[199]Herod. l. 2. c. 109.
Γεωμετριας τε αυ ἑυρεται γεγονασιν (ὁι Αιγυπτιοι.)Clemens. Strom. l. 1. p. 361.
[200]L. 4. v. 279.
[201]Apollonius Rhodius. l. 4. v. 279.
[202]Dionys.Περιηγησις. v. 688.
[203]Clem. Alexand. speaksΠερι τε της Κοσμογραφιας και Γεωγραφιας κτλ.—Χωρογραφιας τε της Αιγυπτου, και της του Νειλου διαγραφης.Strom. 6. p. 757.
[204]Σεσωστρις δε, φασιν, ὁ Αιγυπτιος, πολλην περιεληλυθως γην πιναξι τε δεδωκε την περιοδον, και της των πινακων αναγραφας ουκ Αιγυπτιοις μονον, αλλα και Σκυθαις εις θαυμα μεταδουναι ηξιωσεν.Eustath. Præf. Epist. to Dionys. p. 12.
[205]Ægyptios primos omnium tam cœlum quam terram esse dimensos: ejusque rei scientiam columnis incisam ad posteros propagâsse. Petavii Uranalogia. p. 121. taken from Achilles Tatius.
[206]Homer. Odyss. l. α. v. 52.
[207]The Atlantians were styled [Greek Ouraniônes], or sons of heaven. The head of the family was supposed to be the brother of Saturn. Diodorus. l. 3. p. 193.
[208]Euseb.Ἱστοριων συναγωγη. p. 374. c. 2.
[209]L. 3. 194.
[210]Strabo. l. 1. p. 13.
[211]Diog. Laert. Anaximander.
[212]Laertius. l. 1. p. 74.
[213]In Pherecyde.
[214]Josephus cont. Apion. l. 1. c. 2.
[215]Clemens. Strom. l. 6. p. 741.
[216]Diodorus Sic. l. 1. p. 12.
[217]Ibid. l. 1. p. 17.
[218]P. 30.
[219]Chron. Paschale. p. 34. Zonaras. p. 16.
See Salmasius upon Solinus. c. 35. concerning Ogen. Also, Windelini Admiranda Nili. p. 12. and 16.
[220]Metamorph. l. 2. v. 9.
[221]V. 119.
[222]Iliad. l. 18. v. 483. and v. 606.
[223]Nonni Dionus. l. 40. p. 1040.
[224]Catull. Epithalamium of Peleus and Thetis. v. 47.
[225]Plutarch. Life of Theseus.
[226]Add to this, what I have before taken notice of, the great absurdity of making the Grecian Argo the first ship which sailed upon the seas: Illa rudem cursu prima imbuit Amphitriten: when the poet, at the same instant, is describing Theseus, previous to the Argo,in a ship, and attended withfleet of ships.
Namque fluentisono prospectans littore DiæTheseacedentem celeri cum classetuetur,Indomitos incordegerens Ariadna furores.
Namque fluentisono prospectans littore DiæTheseacedentem celeri cum classetuetur,Indomitos incordegerens Ariadna furores.
Namque fluentisono prospectans littore Diæ
Theseacedentem celeri cum classetuetur,
Indomitos incordegerens Ariadna furores.
Catulli. Epithal. Pel. et Thet. v. 52. See Famiani Stradæ Prolus. l. 3. p. 285.
[227]Nonni Dionysiaca. l. 41. p. 1070.
[228]Orphica ex Macrobio Saturn. l. 1. c. 18. p. 202.
[229]Maps, and books too, when writing was introduced, were made of skins, calledδιφθεραι.Τας βιβλους διφθερας καλεουσι απο του παλαιου ὁι Ιωνες.Herodot. l. 5. c. 58.
A Zone, of curious imagery, is given by Homer to Hercules. Odyss. l. Λ. v. 609.
Χρυσεος ην τελαμων, ἱνα θεσκελα εργα τετυκτο.
A remarkable passage, from Isidorus Basilidis, quoted by Clemens Alexandrin.Και γαρ μοι δοκει τους προσποιουμενους φιλοσοφειν, ἱνα μαθωσι, τι εστιν ἡ ὑποπτερος δρυς, και το επ' αυτῃ πεποικιλμενον ΦΑΡΟΣ. Παντα ὁσα Φερεκυδης αλληγορησας εθεολογησεν, λαβων απο της του Χαμ προφητειας.Strom. l. 6. p. 767.
In the former verses from Nonnus we may see the method of deviation. Pharos, a tower, is taken for Pharos a garment; and this altered toΧιτων: and, after all, the genuine history is discernible, notwithstanding the veil which is spread over it. The author says, that, at the bottom,εϋκλωστοιοΧιτωνος, of the well-woven garment, flowed the Ocean, which surrounded the world. This is certainly a misinterpretation of the termφαρος: and, in the original writings, whence these verses were copied, the history related to a tower: and it was at the footΦΑΡΟΥ ΕΥΚΛΥΣΤΟΙΟthat the ocean beat, by which the earth was encircled.
[230]Bochart Geog. Sacra. l. 1. c. 228. p. 524. ofתור.
[231]Strabo. l. 16. p. 1110.
[232]Diodorus Siculus. l. 4. p. 231.
[233]Strabo. l. 11. p. 762.
[234]Τυνδαριοι σκοπελοι. Ptolemæus. p. 122. See Strabo. l. 17. p. 1150.
[235]Dionysius. v. 688. Pliny styles them oppida.
Oppida—in ripâ celeberrima, Tyndarida, Circæum, &c. l. 6. c. 4.
[236]The Minotaur was an emblematical representation of Menes, the same as Osiris; who was also called Dionusus, the chief Deity of Egypt. He was also the same as Atis of Lydia, whose rites were celebrated in conjunction with those of Rhea, and Cybele, the mother of the Gods. Gruter has an inscription, M. D. M. IDÆ, et ATTIDI MINOTAURO. He also mentions an altar of Attis Minoturannus. vol. 1. p. xxviii. n. 6.
[237]Diodor. Sicul. l. 16. p. 411.
[238]Meen was the moon: and Meno-Taurus signified Taurus Lunaris. It was a sacred emblem, of which a great deal will be said hereafter.
[239]See Paruta's Sicilia nummata.
[240]Τυρις, ὁ περιβολος του τειχους. Hesych. From whence we may infer, that any place surrounded with a wall or fortification might be termed a Tor or Turris.
Ταρχωνιον πολις Τυῤῥηνιας.Stephan. Byzant.
[241]Scholia upon Lycophron. v. 717.
[242]Scholia upon Lycophron. v. 1242.
The Poet says of Æneas,Παλιν πλανητην δεξεται Τυρσηνια.v. 1239.
[243]Lycophron. v. 1248.
[244]Ταρκυνια πολις Τυῤῥενιδος απο Ταρχωνος· το εθνικον Ταρκυνιος.Steph. Byzant.
[245]Strabo. l. 5. p. 336.Ταρκωνα, αφ' ὁυ Ταρκυνια ἡ πολις.
[246]Lycophron. v. 116.
Ἡ Τορωνε, γυνη Πρωτεως.Scholia ibidem.
[247]Τυῤῥηνοι σαλπιγγα. Tatianus Assyrius. p. 243.
[248]L. 17. p. 468.
[249]Scholia upon Lycophron. v. 754.
[250]Pausanias. l. 9. p. 749.
[251]Pausanias. l. 7. p. 524.
Δειμε δε τοι μαλα καλον Ανακτορον.Callimachus. Hymn to Apollo. v. 77.
[252]Homer. Odyss. λ. v. 105. Strabo supposes Trinakis to have been the modern name of the island; forgetting that it was prior to the time of Homer. l. 6. p. 407: he also thinks that it was called Trinacria from its figure: which is a mistake.
[253]Hymn to Diana. v. 56. I make no doubt but Callimachus wroteΤρινακια.
[254]Pliny. l. 5. c. 31.
[255]Etymolog. Magn.
[256]Stephanas Byzant.
[257]Τραχιν, ἡ νυν Ἡρακλεια καλουμενη.Hesych. or, as Athenæus represents it, more truly,Ἡρακλειαν, την Τραχινιαν καλεομενην.l. 11. p. 462.
[258]Τριαινα τοπος Αργους· ενθα την τριαιναν ορθην εστησεν ὁ Ποσειδων, συγγινομενος τη Αμυμωνη, και ευθυς κατ' εκεινο ὑδωρ ανεβλυσεν, ὁ και την επικλησιν εσχεν εξ Αμυμωνης.Scholia in Euripidis Phœniss. v. 195.
[259]Eusebius. Præp. Evan. l. 3. c. 11. p. 113.
[260]Palæphatus. p. 56.
[261]Ibid. p. 96.
[262]Palæphatus. p. 20.
[263]Iliad. Σ. v. 486.
[264]Diodorus Siculus. l. 3. p. 324.
[265]Pindar. Pyth. Ode 4. p. 243.
[266]Homer. Odyss. Λ. v. 306.
[267]Chron. Paschale. p. 36.
Νεβρωδ——καλουσιν Ωριωνα. Cedrenus. p. 14.
[268]Homer. Odyss. Λ. v. 571.
[269]Strabo. l. 3. p. 259.
[270]Alorus was the first king of Babylon; and the same person as Orion, and Nimrod. See Radicals. p. 10. notes.
[271]Ἑλωρος, ενθα ψυχρον εκβαλλει ποτον.Lycophron. v. 1033.
Ῥειθρων Ἑλωρου προσθεν.Idem. v. 1184.Ὁ ποταμος ὁ Ἑλωρος εσχε το ονομα απο τινος βασιλεως Ἑλωρου.Schol. ibid. There were in Sicily many places of this name;Πεδιον Ἑλωριον. Diodorus. l. 13. p. 148. Elorus Castellum. Fazellus. Dec. 1. l. 4. c. 2.
Via Helorina.Ἑλωρος πολις.Cluver. Sicilia Antiqua. l. 1. c. 13. p. 186.
[272]Diodorus Siculus. l. 4. p. 284.
[273]Nonni Dionysiaca. l. 13. p. 356.
[274]Κατα μεσην δε την πολιν ἡ ακροπολις, ἡν εκαλουν βυρσαν, οφρυς ἱκανως ορθια.Strabo. l. 17. p. 1189.
See also Justin. l. 18. c. 5. and Livy. l. 34. c. 62.
[275]Ζαγκλη πολις Σικελιας—απο Ζαγκλου του γηγενους.Stephanus Byzant.
[276]Scholia in Lycophron. v. 328.
Ωριων—κατα τροπην του ου εις ω απο του ουριων εστιν απο ἱστοριας του ουρησαι τους θεους εν τῃ βυρσῃ, και γενεσθαι αυτον.Etymolog. Mag.Ωριων.
[277]Τιτθη, τιτθος, τιτθιον, μαστος.Hesychius.
[278]Pausanias. l. 10. p. 878.
[279]Ορος—ὁ δε Τιτθειον ονομαζουσιν εφ' ἡμων, τηνικαυτα δε εκαλειτο Μυρτιον.Pausan. l. 2. p. 170.
[280]Callimach. Hymn in Delon. v. 48.Μαστοι, often taken notice of by Xenophon.Αναβας. l. 4. p. 320. A hill at Lesbos.Εν Λεσβῳ κλεινης Ερεσου περικυμονι ΜΑΣΤΩ.Athenæus. l. 3. p. 111.Εχει δ' εν αυτῳ και μαστον.Polyb. l. 1. p. 57.
[281]Strabo mentions in Cyprus,Αμαθους πολις—και ορος μαστοειδες Ολυμπος. l. 14. p. 1001.
[282]The Circean promontory in Italy seems to have been named Tit-On; for, the bay below is by Lycophron styled Titonian.Τιτωνιον τε χευμα. v. 1275. Rivers and seas were often denominated from places near which they flowed.
[283]Of the Cyclopes I shall hereafter treat at large.
[284]Strabo. l. 16. p. 1080. Azara signified a treasure.
[285]Strabo. l. 16. p. 1106.
[286]Bell. Jud. l. 7. p. 417.
[287]Canticles. c. 8. v. 10.
[288]Jeremiah. c. 49. v. 27.
[289]Amos. c. 1. v. 7.
[290]Ibid. c. 1. v. 10.
[291]Ibid. c. 1. v. 14.
[292]It is remarkable, that in many of the very antient temples there was a tradition of their having suffered by lightning.
[293]Canticles. c. 8. v. 8.
[294]2 Chron. c. 27. v. 3.
[295]Strabo. l. 16. p. 1096.
[296]Canticles. c. 7. v. 4.
[297]