Pervenit ad Draconis speluncam ultimam,Custodiebat qui thesauros abditos. Phædrus. l. 4. Fab. 18.See Macrobius. Saturn. l. 1. c. 20. of dragons guarding treasures.[298]Apollonius Rhodius. l. 2. v. 405.[299]Nonni Dionysiaca. l. 14. p. 408.[300]Nonni Dionys. l. 33. p. 840.[301]Ibid. l. 35. p. 876.[302]Ibid. l. 6. p. 186.[303]Strabo. l. 17. p. 1183.[304]Εν δε τοις εδειξε και ζωον ὑπερφυες, Διονυσου αγαλμα, ᾡ Ινδοι εθυον. Δρακων ην, μηκος πενταπλεθρον· ετρεφετο δε εν χοριῳ κοιλῳ, εν κρημνῳ βαθει, τειχει ὑψηλῳ ὑπερ των ακρων περιβεβλημενος· και ανηλισκε τας Ινδων αγελας. κτλ.Maximus Tyr. Dissert. 8. c. 6. p. 85.[305]Strabo. l. 15. p. 1022.[306]Μακρα πεδιον. Εν τουτῳ δε Ποσειδωνιος ἱστορει τον Δρακοντα πεπτωκοτα ὁραθηναι νεκρον, μηκος σχεδον τι και πλεθριαιον, παχος δε, ὡσθ' ἱππεας ἑκατερωθεν παρασταντας αλληλους μη καθορᾳν· χασμα δε, ὡστ' εφιππον δεξασθαι, της δε φολιδος λεπιδα ἑκαστην ὑπεραιρουσαν θυρεου.Strabo. l. 16. p. 1095. The epithetπεπτωκωςcould not properly be given to a serpent: but to a building decayed, and in ruins nothing is more applicable. A serpent creeps upon its belly, and is even with the ground, which he goes over, and cannot fall lower. The moderns indeed delineate dragons with legs: but I do not know that this was customary among the antients.[307]Virgil. Æneis. l. 6. v. 595.[308]Homer. Odyss. l. Λ. v. 575.Quintus Calaber styles himπουλυπελεθρος.Πουλυπελεθρος εκειτο κατα χθονος ευρυπεδοιο.l. 3. v. 395.Τιτυον μεγαν, ὁν ῥ' ετεκεν γεΔι' Ἑλαρη, θρεψεν δε και αψ ελοχευσατο Γαια.Apollon. Rhodius. l. 1. v. 761.[309]Αιγυπτος—εκληθη Μυσαρα—και Αερια, και Ποταμιτις, και ΑΕΤΙΑ, απο τινος Ινδου Αετου.Stephanus Byzant.Eustathius mentions,Και Αετια, απο τινος Ινδου Αετου. κτλ.In Dionysium. v. 239. p. 42.[310]Orus Apollo styles it in the Ionian mannerΗθ. l. 1. c. 7. p. 10.Τοδε Ηθ καρδια.[311]Αιγυπτον δε γραφοντες, θυμιατηριον καιομενον ζωγραφουσι, και επανω καρδιαν.l. 1. c. 22. p. 38. It also signified an eagle.[312]See the whole in Nonnus. l. 5. p. 148. It seems to have been a winged machine, which is calledΚημος, from Cham the Sun. Hence the notion of the chariot of the Sun, and horses of the same.[313]Καυκασου εν κνημοισι, Τυφαονιη ὁτε πετρη.Apollonius Rhodius. l. 2. v. 1214.[314]Typhon was a high place; but represented as a Giant, and supposed to be thunderstruck here, near the city Antioch. Strabo. l. 16. p. 1090. Here wasΝυμφαιον, σπηλαιον τι ἱερον.p. 1091.[315]Strabo. l. 16. p. 1089. He mentions a place near the fountains of the river Orontes called Paradisos:Μεχρι και των του Οροντου πηγων, ἁι πλησιον του τε Λιβανου και του Παραδεισου.Strabo. l. 16. p. 1096.[316]Diodorus Siculus. l. 4. p. 283.[317]Servii Comment. in Virgil. Æneid. l. 2. v. 204.[318]Nonni Dionys. l. 25. p. 668.[319]Tot jugera ventre prementem. Ovid of the Pytho of Parnassus. Met. l. 1. v. 459.See Pausanias. l. 10. p. 695. He says, the extent related to the place,ενθα ὁ Τιτυος ετεθη.[320]Ὡς δε αυθις επανηκειν (τον Κλεοντα) ες τα Γαδειρα, ανδρα ἑυρειν θαλασσιον ΕΚΠΕΠΤΩΚΟΤΑ ες την γην· τουτον πλεθρα μεν πεντε μαλιστα επεχειν, κεραυνωθεντα δε ὑπο του θεου καιεσθαι.Pausan. l. 10. p. 806.[321]Diogenes Laertius. Proœm. p. 5.[322]Τεμενος· ἱερον χωριον αφωρισμενον Θεῳ.Scholia in Homer. Il. l. Γ. v. 696.Και τεμενος περιπυστον Αμυκλαιοιο Κανωβου. Dionysius.Περιηγης.v. 13.Ασυλον τεμενοςat Daphne upon the Orontes. See above. p. 428.[323]Lycophron. v. 6l3.[324]Ovid. Metamorph. l. 11. v. 56.[325]Apollonius Rhodius. l. 3. v. 1176.[326]Βη δ' επ' εραν Διας φευγων οφιωδεα Κυπρον.Parthenius, as corrected by Vossius. See Notes to Pompon. Mela. p. 391.[327]Lycophron. v. 110.[328]Apollonius Rhodius. l. 2. v. 707.[329]Hyginus. Fab. 140.[330]Plutarch de Oraculoram defectu. v. 1. p. 417.[331]Clemens Alexand. Cohort. p. 29.[332]Prolegomena to the Pyth. Odes of Pindar.[333]P. 39.[334]Silius Ital. l. 3. v. 29.[335]Λυχνον ασβεστον.Plutarch de Defect. Orac. vol. 1. p. 410.[336]Porphyr. de Abstinentiâ. l. 2.[337]L. 1. p. 63.[338]Το δε λυχνιον εν Πρυτανειῳ.Theoc. Idyll. 21. v. 36.Πυρος τε φεγγος αφθιτον κεκλημενον.Æsch.Χοηφοροι.v. 268.[339]See Hyde Relig. Vet. Persarum: and Stanley upon the Chaldaic religion.[340]Αει δε τοι αεναον πυρ.Callimach. Hymn to Apollo. v. 84.[341]Vol. 2. p. 84.[342]Clima. 4. p. 213.[343]Leviticus. c. 6. v. 13. Hence theξυλοφορια; a custom, by which the people were obliged to carry wood, to replenish the fire when decaying.[344]It is said in the Scriptures, thatthere were giants in the earth in those days; and also after that. Genesis. c. 6. v. 4. The word in the original for giants is Nephelim.[345]C. 2. p. 6.[346]V. 22.[347]Orphic. Argonaut. v. 395.[348]De Venatione. p. 972.[349]Pyth. Ode 4. p. 244.[350]Ibid. p. 246.[351]Justin. Martyr de Monarchiâ. p. 42.[352]De Venat. p. 972.[353]Æsculapius was of Egypt. Cephalus is said to have lived in the time of Cecropsαυτοχθων: or, as some say, in the time of Erectheus; many centuries before Antilochus and Achilles, who were at the siege of Troy.[354]Æsculapius was the Sun. Euseb. Præp. Evang. l. 3. p. 112.[355]Oratio in Herculem. vol. 1. p. 64. Oratio in Æsculapium. p. 67.[356]Homer. Iliad. Λ. v. 831.[357]Clemens Alexand. Strom. l. 1. p. 361.[358]Μονιμος δε ἱστορει, εν τῃ των θαυμασιων συναγωγῃ, εν Πελλῃ της Θετταλιας Αχαιον ανθρωπον Πηλει και Χειρωνι καταθυεσθαι.Clementis Cohort. p. 36.[359]Pocock's Travels. v. 1. p. 65.[360]Ibid.[361]Παρα την λιμνην την καλουμενην Αχερουσιαν. Diodorus Sic. l. 1. p. 86.[362]In Phrygiâ—juxta specus est Acherusia, ad manes, ut aiunt, pervius. Mela. l. 1. c. 19. p. 100.[363]River Acheron, and lake Acherusia in Epirus. Pausan. l. 1. p. 40. Strabo. l. 7. p. 499. Thucydides. l. 1. p. 34.[364]Near Corinth Acherusia. Pausan. l. 2. p. 196.In Elis Acheron. Strabo. l. 8. p. 530.[365]Celsæ nidum Acherontiæ. Horat. l. 3. Ode. 4. v. 14.[366]Near Avernus. In like manner there wereπεδια Ηλυσιαin Egypt, Messenia, and in the remoter parts of Iberia. See Plutarch in Sertorio, and Strabo. l. 3. p. 223.[367]Also Libri Tarquitiani Aruspicum Hetruscorum, so denominated from Tar-Cushan. Marcellinus. l. 25. c. 2. p. 322.[368]Herodot. Vit. Hom. c. 3.[369]Hesychius.[370]L. 1. p. 77.[371]Fleetwood's Inscript. p. 42.[372]P. 319. n. 2.[373]Sat. 14. v. 259.[374]Pausanias. l. 2. p. l6l, 162.There was a hill called Anakeion:Ανακειον· ορος, η των Διοσκουρων Ἱερον.Suidas.It is said of the celebrated Polygnotus, that he paintedτας εν τῳ θησαυρῳ και εν τῳ Ανακειῳ γραφας.Harpocration. The treasury we may suppose to have been a part of the temple.[375]Homer. Iliad. Γ. v. 237.[376]Homer. Odyss. Μ. v. 323.[377]Cicero in Verrem. Orat. 7. sect. ult.[378]Pausanias. l. 9. p. 741.[379]Apollodorus. l. 3. p. 154.[380]Hyginus. fab. 68, and 75.[381]Antonin. Liberalis Metamorph. c. 22.[382]Hymn. in Dian. v. 204.[383]Cicero de Nat. Deorum. l. 3. 23.She is supposed to be the same as Diana.Καλουσι δε την Αρτεμιν Θρακες Βενδειαν, Κρητες δε Δικτυναν, Λακεδαιμονιοι δε Ουπιν.Palæphatus. c. 32. p. 78.[384]Scholia in Callimach. Hymn. in Dianam. v. 204.Ωπιν, και Ἑκαεργην—εκ των Ὑπερβορεων.Pausan. l. 5. p. 392.Metuenda feris Hecaerge,Et Soror, optatum numen venantibus, Opis.Claudian in Laudes Stilic. l. 3. v. 253.[385]2 Kings. c. 23. v. 10. 2 Chron. c. 28. v. 3.[386]C. 7. v. 31. and c. 19. v. 5. There was a place named Tophel (Toph-El) near Paran upon the Red Sea. Deuteron. c. 1. v. 1.[387]Zonar. vol. 2. p. 227.Τουφαν καλει ὁ δημωδης και πολυς ανθρωπος.[388]Bedæ. Hist. Angliæ. l. 2. c. 16.[389]De legibus specialibus. p. 320.The Greek termτυφος, fumus, vel fastus, will hardly make sense, as introduced here.[390]Plutarch. Isis et Osiris. v. 1. p. 359.[391]Virgil. Æn. l. 2. v. 713.[392]Την ταφην (Διονυσου) ειναι φασιν εν Δελφοις παρα τον Χρυσουν Απολλωνα.Cyril. cont. Julian. l. 1. p. 11.[393]Callimach. Hymn. in Jovem. v. 8.Ὡδε μεγας κειται Ζαν, ὁν Δια κικλησκουσι.Porphyr. Vita Pythagoræ. p. 20.[394]Hence Hercules was styledΤριεσπερος. Lycoph. v. 33.Ζευς τρεις ἑσπερας εις μιαν μεταβαλων συνεκαθευδε τῃ Αλκμηνῃ.Schol. ibid.[395]Abbe Banier. Mythology of the Antients explained. vol. 4. b. 3. c. 6. p. 77, 78. Translation.[396]Plaut. Amphitryo. Act. 1. s. 3.[397]Cicero de Nat. Deor. l. 1. c. 42.Αλλα και ταφον αυτου (Ζηνος) δεικνυουσι. Lucian. de Sacrificiis. v. 1. p. 355.[398]Maximus Tyrius. Dissert. 38. p. 85.[399]Clementis Cohort. p. 40.[400]Arnobius contra Gentes. l. 4. p. 135. Clem. Alexand. Cohort. p. 24.[401]Tertullian. Apolog. c. 14.Πευσομαι δε σουκᾳ 'γω, ω ανθρωπε, ποσοι Ζηνες ἑυρισκονται.Theoph. ad Autolyc. l. 1. p. 344.[402]Newton's Chronology. p. 151.[403]Pezron. Antiquities of nations. c. 10, 11, 12.[404]Virgil. Æn. l. 7. v. 48.[405]Sir Isaac Newton supposes Jupiter to have lived after the division of the kingdoms in Israel; Pezron makes him antecedent to the birth of Abraham, and even before the Assyrian monarchy.[406]Arnobius has a very just observation to this purpose. Omnes Dii non sunt: quoniam plures sub eodem nomine, quemadmodum accepimus, esse non possunt, &c. l. 4. p. 136.[407]Antiquus Auctor Euhemerus, qui fuit ex civitate Messene, res gestas Jovis, et cæterorum, qui Dii putantur, collegit; historiamque contexuit ex titulis, et inscriptionibus sacris, quæ in antiquissimis templis habebantur; maximeque in fano Jovis Triphylii, ubi auream columnam positam esse ab ipso Jove titulus indicabat. In quâ columnâ gesta sua perscripsit, ut monumentum esset posteris rerum suarum. Lactant. de Falsâ Relig. l. 1. c. 11. p. 50.(Euhemerus), quem noster et interpretatus, et secutus est præter cæteros, Ennius. Cicero de Nat. Deor. l. 1. c. 42.[408]Lactantius de Falsâ Relig. l. 1. c. 11. p. 52.[409]Varro apud Solinum. c. 16.[410]Epiphanius in Ancorato. p. 108.Cyril. contra Julianum. l. 10. p. 342. See Scholia upon Lycophron. v. 1194.[411]Callimach. Hymn. in Jovem. v. 6.[412]Ταφον θεας αξιον. Pausan. l. 2. p. 161.[413]Diodor. Sicul. l. 1. p. 23.Ταφηναι λεγουσι την Ισιν εν Μεμφει.Osiris buried at Memphis, and at Nusa. Diodorus above. Also at Byblus in Phenicia.Εισι δε ενιοι Βυβλιων, ὁι λεγουσι παρα σφισι τεθαφθαι τον Οσιριν τον Αιγυπτιον.Lucian. de Syriâ Deâ. v. 2. p. 879.Τα μεν ουν περι της ταφης των Θεων τουτων διαφωνειται παρα τοις πλειστοις.Diodor. l. 1. p. 24.[414]Procopiusπερι κτισματων. l. 6. c. 1. p. 109.Αιγυπτιοι τε γαρ Οσιριδος πολλαχου θηκας, ὡσπερ ειρηται, δεικνυουσι.Plutarch. Isis et Osiris. p. 358. He mentionsπολλους Οσιριδος ταφους εν Αιγυπτῳ.Ibid. p. 359.[415]L. 1. p. 79.Περι της Βουσιριδος ξενοκτονιας παρα τοις Ἑλλησιν ενισχυσαι τον μυθον· ου του Βασιλεως ονομαζομενου Βουσιριδος, αλλα του Οσιριδος ταφου ταυτην εχοντος την προσηγοριαν κατα την των εγχωριων διαλεκτον.Strabo likewise says, that there was no such king as Busiris. l. 17. p. 1154.[416]Bou-Sehor and Uch-Sehor are precisely of the same purport, and signify the great Lord of day.[417]Pausanias. l. 2. p. 144.[418]Altis, Baaltis, Orontis, Opheltis, are all places compounded with some title, or titles, of the Deity.[419]2 Chron. c. 33. v. 14.[420]2 Chron. c. 27. v. 3.On the wall(חומת)of Ophel he built much:or rather on the Comah, or sacred hill of the Sun, called Oph-El, he built much.[421]Apollon. Rhodii Argonaut. l. 2. v. 709. Apollo is said to have killed Tityus,Βουπαις εων. Apollon. l. 1. v. 760.[422]Τον δε του Αιπυτου ταφον σπουδῃ μαλιστα εθεασαμην—εστι μεν ουν γης χωμα ου μεγα, λιθου κρηπιδι εν κυκλῳ περιεχομενον.Pausan. l. 8. p. 632.Αιπυτιον τυμβον, celebrated by Homer. Iliad. β. v. 605.Αιπυτος, supposed to be the same as Hermes.Ναος Ἑρμου Αιπυτουnear Tegea in Arcadia. Pausan. l. 8. p. 696. Part of Arcadia was calledΑιπυτις.[423]Clemens Alexand. Cohort. p. 11.Ανεστεμμενοι τοις οφεσιν επολολυζοντες Ευαν, Ευαν κτλ.[424]Porphyrii Vita Pythagoræ.[425]Clement. Alexand. Cohort. p. 29.[426]The Scholiast upon Pindar seems to attribute the whole to Dionusus, who first gave out oracles at this place, and appointed the seventh day a festival.Εν ᾡ πρωτος Διονυσος εθεμιστευσε, και αποκτεινας τον Οφιν τον Πυθωνα, αγωνιζεται τον Πυθικον αγωνα κατα Ἑβδομην ἡμεραν.Prolegomena in Pind. Pyth. p. 185.[427]Pausanias. l. 9. p. 749.[428]Ibid. l. 2. p. 155.[429]Strabo. l. 9. p. 651.[430]Ibid.[431]Pausanias. l. 5. p. 376.[432]Ibid. l. 10. p. 806.[433]Ibid. l. 1. p. 87.[434]At Patræ,μνημα Αιγυπτιου του Βηλου.Pausan. l. 7. p. 578.[435]Pausanias. l. 2. p. 179.[436]Herodotus. l. 7. c. 150. and l. 6. c. 54.Plato in Alcibiad. 1^{mo}. vol. 2. p. 120.Upon Mount Mænalus was said to have been the tomb of Arcas, who was the father of the Arcadians.Εστι δε Μαιναλιη δυσχειμερος, ενθα τε κειταιΑρχας, αφ' ὁυ δη παντες επικλησιν καλεονται.Oraculum apud Pausan. l. 8. p. 616.But what this supposed tomb really was, may be known from the same author:Το δε χωριον τουτο, ενθα ὁ ταφος εστι του Αρκαδος, καλουσιν Ἡλιου Βωμους.Ibid.Ταφος, η τυμβος, η σημειον.. Hesych.[437]Strabo. l. 11. p. 779.Εν δε τῳ πεδιῳ ΠΕΤΡΑΝ ΤΙΝΑ προσχωματι συμπληρωσαντες εις βουνοειδες σχημα κτλ.[438]Typhon was originally calledΓηγενης, and by Hyginus Terræ Filius. Fab. 152. p. 263. Diodorus. l. 1. p. 79. he is styledΓης ὑιος εξαισιος.Antoninus Liberal. c. 25.[439]Plutarch. Isis et Osiris. p. 380.[440]Josephus contra Apion. l. 1. p. 460.[441]Porphyry de Abstinen. l. 2. p. 223.There wasΠετρα Τυφαονιαin Caucasus. Etymolog. Magnum.Τιφως· Τυφαονια Πετρα εστιν ὑψηλη εν Καυκασῳ.Καυκασου εν κνημοισι, Τυφαονιη ὁτι Πετρη.Apollon. l. 2. v. 1214.[442]Diodorus Sicul. l. 1. p. 79.[443]Παρηγορουσι θυσιαις και πραϋνουσι (τον Τυφωνα), Plutarch. Isis et Osiris. p. 362.[444]Diodorus Sicul. l. 5. p. 338.[445]Plutarch. Isis et Osiris. p. 362.Ισαιακου του Ἡρακλεους ὁ Τυφων.[446]Ovid. Metamorph. l. 11. v. 762.[447]Ενιοι δε ὑπο του Τυφωνος, ὑπο δε Ατλαντος Ξεναγορας ειρηκεν.Schol. Apollon. l. 4. v. 264.[448]Hesiod. Theogon. v. 824.[449]Ibid. v. 826. Typhis, Typhon, Typhaon, Typhœus, are all of the same purport.[450]Nonni Dionys. l. 1. p. 24.[451]Οφεις—τιμᾳσθαι ισχυρως. Philarchus apud Ælian: de Animal. l. 17. c. 5.[452]See Justin Martyr above.Σημειον Οργιων Βακχικων Οφις εστι τετελεσμενος.Clemens Alexand. Cohort. p. 11. See Augustinus de Civitate Dei. l. 3. c. 12. and l. 18. c. 15.[453]Ανεστεμμενοι τοις οφεσιν.Clemens above.[454]In mysteriis, quibus Sabadiis nomen est, aureus coluber in sinum dimittitur consecratis, et eximitur rursus ab inferioribus partibus. Arnobius. l. 5. p. 171. See also Clemens, Cohort. p. 14.Δρακων διελκομενος του κολπου. κ. λ.Sebazium colentes Jovem anguem, cum initiantur, per sinum ducunt. Julius Firmicus. p. 23.Σαβαζιος, επωνυμον Διονυσου.Hesych.[455]Τους Οφεις ανεστεμμενοι, ευαζοντες το Ουα, Ουα, εκεινην την Ευαν ετι, την δια του Οφεως απατηθεισαν, επικαλουμενοι.Epiphanius. tom. 2. l. 3. p. 1092.[456]Cohortatio. p. 11.[457]Ibid.[458]Plutarch. Alexander. p. 665.[459]Οφεις μεγαλους χειροηθεις εφειλκετο τοις θιασοις (ἡ Ολυμπιας), ὁι πολλακις εκ του κιττου και των μυστικων λικνων παραναδυομενοι, και περιελιττομενοι θυρσοις των γυναικων, και τοις στεφανοις, εξεπληττον τους ανδρας.Plutarch. ibid.[460]Τους οφεις τους Παρειας θλιβων, και ὑπερ της κεφαλης αιωρων, και βοων, Ευοι, Σαβοι, και επορχουμενος Yης Αττης, Αττης Yης.Demosth.Περι στεφανου.p. 516.[461]Hesych.[462]Της Ισιδος αγαλματα ανεδουσι ταυτῃ, ὡς τινι διαδηματι βασιλειῳ.Ælian. Hist. Animal. l. 10. c. 31.[463]Τους Βασιλεις—χρησθαι πιλοις μακροις επι του περατος ομφαλον εχουσι, και περιεσπειραμενοις οφεσι, ὁυς καλουσιν ασπιδας.l. 3. p. 145.[464]Priscian. l. 5. and l. 6.[465]Pausan. l. 10. p. 859.[466]Bochart supposes this term to signify a father, and the purport of the name to be Pater magnificus. He has afterwards a secondary derivation. Sed fallor, aut Abdir, vel Abadir, cum pro lapide sumitur, corruptum ex Phoenicio Eben-Dir, lapis sphæricus. Geog. Sac. l. 2. c. 2. p. 708.[467]See Radicals. p. 59. and Deuteronomy. c. 18. v. 11.[468]Εχουσαι βασιλεα εφ' ἁντων τον Αγγελον της Αβυσσου· ονομα αυτῳ Ἑβραϊστι Αβαδδων, εν δε τη Ἑλληνικῃ ονομα εχει Απολλυων.Revelations. c. 20. v. 11.[469]Revelations. c. 20. v. 2. Abadon signifies serpens Dominus, vel Serpens Dominus Sol.[470]Daniel Heinsius. Aristarchus. p. 11.[471]Euseb. P. E. l. 1. p. 41, 42.[472]Euseb. ibidem.Ταδε αυτα και Οστανης κτλ.[473]Herod. l. 2. c. 189. also Ptolemy.[474]M. Maimonides in more Nevochim. See Selden de Diis Syris. Synt. 1. c. 3. p. 49.[475]Ουβαιον, ὁ εστιν Ἑλληνιστι Βασιλισκον· ὁνπερ χρυσουν ποιουντες Θεοις περιτιθεασιν.Horapollo. l. 1. p. 2.Ουβαιονis so corrected forΟυραιον, from MSS. by J. Corn. De Pauw.[476]Cicero de Nat. Deor. l. 3.[477]Præp. Evan. l. 1. p. 41.[478]Euseb. supra.[479]L. 6. p. 345.[480]Strabo. l. 10. p. 683. It was supposed to have had its name from Ellops, the Son of Ion, who was the brother of Cothus.[481]Callimachus. H. in Delon. v. 292.Ευαιων, Eva-On, Serpens Sol.[482]Athenagoras. Legatio. p. 294.Ηρακλης Χρονος.[483]Athenag. p. 295.Ἡρακλης Θεος—δρακων ἑλικτος.[484]It is said to have been named Rhodus from Rhod, a Syriac for a serpent. Bochart. G. S. p. 369.[485]Ενταυθα μυθυουσι τους Οφιογενεις συγγενειαν τινα εχειν προς τους οφεις. Strabo. l. 13. p. 850. Ophiogenæ in Hellesponto circa Parium. Pliny. l. 7. p. 371.[486]Pausan. l. 8. p. 614.[487]Aristoph. Plutus. Schol. v. 718.[488]L. 3. c. 96. Strabo. l. 10. p. 692.[489]Steph. Byzant.Παταρα.[490]Βη δ' επ' εραν Διας φευγων οφιωδεα Κυπρον.Parthenius. See Vossius upon Pomp. Mela. l. 1. c. 6. p. 391.Ovid Metamorph. l. 10. v. 229. Cypri arva Ophiusia.[491]They were particularly to be found at Paphos. Apollon. Discolus. Mirabil. c. 39.Οφις ποδας εχων δυο.[492]Herodotus. l. 7. c. 90.Ὁι δε απο Αιθιοπιης, ὡς αυτοι Κυπριοι λεγουσι.[493]Ὁ γαρ Μινως οφεις, και σκορπιους, και σκολοπενδρας ουρεσκεν κλ.Antonin. Liberalis. c. 41. p. 202. See notes, p. 276.[494]Tacitus. Annal. l. 4. c. 21.[495]In Ceiri.[496]Strabo. l. 10. p. 746.[497]What the Greeks renderedΣεριφοςwas properly Sar-Iph; and Sar-Iphis, the same as Ophis: which signified Petra Serpentis, sive Pythonis.[498]Herodotus. l. 8. c. 41.[499]Strabo. l. 9. p. 603.[500]Lycophron Scholia. v. 496.απο των οδοντων του δρακοντος.[501]Meursius de reg. Athen. l. 1. c. 6.[502]Apollodorus. l. 3. p. 191.[503]Diodorus. l. I. p. 25. Cecrops is not by name mentioned in this passage according to the present copies: yet what is said, certainly relates to him, as appears by the context, and it is so understood by the learned Marsham. See Chron. Canon. p. 108.[504]Eustat. on Dionys. p. 56. Edit. Steph.[505]Τον βαρβαρον Αιγυπτιασμον αφεις. κτλ.ibid.See also Tzetzes upon Lycophron. v. 111.[506]Chron. Canon, p. 109.[507]It may not perhaps be easy to decypher the name of Cecrops: but thus much is apparent, that it is compounded of Ops, and Opis, and related to his symbolical character.[508]Δρακοντας δυο περι τον Ερικθονιον.Antigonus Carystius. c. 12.[509]Aristot. de Mirabilibus. vol. 2. p. 717.[510]Pliny. l. 3. p. 153. l. 8. p. 455.[511]Æschyli Supplices. p. 516.[512]L. 3. p. 184.[513]Apollonius Discolus. c. 12. and Aristot. de Mirabilibus, vol. 2. p. 737.[514]Aves Diomedis—judicant inter suos et advenas, &c. Isidorus Orig. l. 12. c. 7. Pliny. l. 10. c. 44.[515]Apollodorus. l. 1. p. 37.[516]Stephanas Byzant.Οπικοι.[517]The same is said by Epiphanius.Ἑυια τον οφιν παιδες Ἑβραιων ονομαζουσι.Epiphanius advers. Hæres. l. 3. tom. 2. p. 1092.[518]Steph. Byzant.[519]Ptolemy. p. 93.Ευια.[520]Pausanias. l. 4. p. 356.[521]L. 2. p. 202.[522]Pausan. l. 3. p. 249.[523]There was a city of this name in Macedonia, and in Troas. Also a river.[524]Ovid Metamorph. l. 7. v. 357.[525]Strabo. l. 13. p. 913. It is compounded of Eva-Ain, the fountain, or river of Eva, the serpent.[526]Strabo. l. 5. p. 383.[527]Μενελαον, ὁς ην Πιτανατης.Hesych.Δρακων επι τῃ ασπιδι (Μενελαου) εστιν ειργασμενος.Pausan. l. 10. p. 863.[528]Πιτανατης, λοχος. Hesych.[529]It was the insigne of many countries. TextilisAnguisDiscurrit per utramque aciem. Sidon. Apollinaris. Carm. 5. v. 409.[530]
Pervenit ad Draconis speluncam ultimam,Custodiebat qui thesauros abditos. Phædrus. l. 4. Fab. 18.
Pervenit ad Draconis speluncam ultimam,Custodiebat qui thesauros abditos. Phædrus. l. 4. Fab. 18.
Pervenit ad Draconis speluncam ultimam,
Custodiebat qui thesauros abditos. Phædrus. l. 4. Fab. 18.
See Macrobius. Saturn. l. 1. c. 20. of dragons guarding treasures.
[298]Apollonius Rhodius. l. 2. v. 405.
[299]Nonni Dionysiaca. l. 14. p. 408.
[300]Nonni Dionys. l. 33. p. 840.
[301]Ibid. l. 35. p. 876.
[302]Ibid. l. 6. p. 186.
[303]Strabo. l. 17. p. 1183.
[304]Εν δε τοις εδειξε και ζωον ὑπερφυες, Διονυσου αγαλμα, ᾡ Ινδοι εθυον. Δρακων ην, μηκος πενταπλεθρον· ετρεφετο δε εν χοριῳ κοιλῳ, εν κρημνῳ βαθει, τειχει ὑψηλῳ ὑπερ των ακρων περιβεβλημενος· και ανηλισκε τας Ινδων αγελας. κτλ.Maximus Tyr. Dissert. 8. c. 6. p. 85.
[305]Strabo. l. 15. p. 1022.
[306]Μακρα πεδιον. Εν τουτῳ δε Ποσειδωνιος ἱστορει τον Δρακοντα πεπτωκοτα ὁραθηναι νεκρον, μηκος σχεδον τι και πλεθριαιον, παχος δε, ὡσθ' ἱππεας ἑκατερωθεν παρασταντας αλληλους μη καθορᾳν· χασμα δε, ὡστ' εφιππον δεξασθαι, της δε φολιδος λεπιδα ἑκαστην ὑπεραιρουσαν θυρεου.Strabo. l. 16. p. 1095. The epithetπεπτωκωςcould not properly be given to a serpent: but to a building decayed, and in ruins nothing is more applicable. A serpent creeps upon its belly, and is even with the ground, which he goes over, and cannot fall lower. The moderns indeed delineate dragons with legs: but I do not know that this was customary among the antients.
[307]Virgil. Æneis. l. 6. v. 595.
[308]Homer. Odyss. l. Λ. v. 575.
Quintus Calaber styles himπουλυπελεθρος.
Πουλυπελεθρος εκειτο κατα χθονος ευρυπεδοιο.l. 3. v. 395.
Πουλυπελεθρος εκειτο κατα χθονος ευρυπεδοιο.l. 3. v. 395.
Πουλυπελεθρος εκειτο κατα χθονος ευρυπεδοιο.l. 3. v. 395.
Τιτυον μεγαν, ὁν ῥ' ετεκεν γεΔι' Ἑλαρη, θρεψεν δε και αψ ελοχευσατο Γαια.Apollon. Rhodius. l. 1. v. 761.
Τιτυον μεγαν, ὁν ῥ' ετεκεν γεΔι' Ἑλαρη, θρεψεν δε και αψ ελοχευσατο Γαια.Apollon. Rhodius. l. 1. v. 761.
Τιτυον μεγαν, ὁν ῥ' ετεκεν γε
Δι' Ἑλαρη, θρεψεν δε και αψ ελοχευσατο Γαια.
Apollon. Rhodius. l. 1. v. 761.
[309]Αιγυπτος—εκληθη Μυσαρα—και Αερια, και Ποταμιτις, και ΑΕΤΙΑ, απο τινος Ινδου Αετου.Stephanus Byzant.
Eustathius mentions,Και Αετια, απο τινος Ινδου Αετου. κτλ.In Dionysium. v. 239. p. 42.
[310]Orus Apollo styles it in the Ionian mannerΗθ. l. 1. c. 7. p. 10.Τοδε Ηθ καρδια.
[311]Αιγυπτον δε γραφοντες, θυμιατηριον καιομενον ζωγραφουσι, και επανω καρδιαν.l. 1. c. 22. p. 38. It also signified an eagle.
[312]See the whole in Nonnus. l. 5. p. 148. It seems to have been a winged machine, which is calledΚημος, from Cham the Sun. Hence the notion of the chariot of the Sun, and horses of the same.
[313]Καυκασου εν κνημοισι, Τυφαονιη ὁτε πετρη.Apollonius Rhodius. l. 2. v. 1214.
[314]Typhon was a high place; but represented as a Giant, and supposed to be thunderstruck here, near the city Antioch. Strabo. l. 16. p. 1090. Here wasΝυμφαιον, σπηλαιον τι ἱερον.p. 1091.
[315]Strabo. l. 16. p. 1089. He mentions a place near the fountains of the river Orontes called Paradisos:Μεχρι και των του Οροντου πηγων, ἁι πλησιον του τε Λιβανου και του Παραδεισου.Strabo. l. 16. p. 1096.
[316]Diodorus Siculus. l. 4. p. 283.
[317]Servii Comment. in Virgil. Æneid. l. 2. v. 204.
[318]Nonni Dionys. l. 25. p. 668.
[319]Tot jugera ventre prementem. Ovid of the Pytho of Parnassus. Met. l. 1. v. 459.
See Pausanias. l. 10. p. 695. He says, the extent related to the place,ενθα ὁ Τιτυος ετεθη.
[320]Ὡς δε αυθις επανηκειν (τον Κλεοντα) ες τα Γαδειρα, ανδρα ἑυρειν θαλασσιον ΕΚΠΕΠΤΩΚΟΤΑ ες την γην· τουτον πλεθρα μεν πεντε μαλιστα επεχειν, κεραυνωθεντα δε ὑπο του θεου καιεσθαι.Pausan. l. 10. p. 806.
[321]Diogenes Laertius. Proœm. p. 5.
[322]Τεμενος· ἱερον χωριον αφωρισμενον Θεῳ.Scholia in Homer. Il. l. Γ. v. 696.
Και τεμενος περιπυστον Αμυκλαιοιο Κανωβου. Dionysius.Περιηγης.v. 13.
Ασυλον τεμενοςat Daphne upon the Orontes. See above. p. 428.
[323]Lycophron. v. 6l3.
[324]Ovid. Metamorph. l. 11. v. 56.
[325]Apollonius Rhodius. l. 3. v. 1176.
[326]Βη δ' επ' εραν Διας φευγων οφιωδεα Κυπρον.Parthenius, as corrected by Vossius. See Notes to Pompon. Mela. p. 391.
[327]Lycophron. v. 110.
[328]Apollonius Rhodius. l. 2. v. 707.
[329]Hyginus. Fab. 140.
[330]Plutarch de Oraculoram defectu. v. 1. p. 417.
[331]Clemens Alexand. Cohort. p. 29.
[332]Prolegomena to the Pyth. Odes of Pindar.
[333]P. 39.
[334]Silius Ital. l. 3. v. 29.
[335]Λυχνον ασβεστον.Plutarch de Defect. Orac. vol. 1. p. 410.
[336]Porphyr. de Abstinentiâ. l. 2.
[337]L. 1. p. 63.
[338]Το δε λυχνιον εν Πρυτανειῳ.Theoc. Idyll. 21. v. 36.
Πυρος τε φεγγος αφθιτον κεκλημενον.Æsch.Χοηφοροι.v. 268.
[339]See Hyde Relig. Vet. Persarum: and Stanley upon the Chaldaic religion.
[340]Αει δε τοι αεναον πυρ.Callimach. Hymn to Apollo. v. 84.
[341]Vol. 2. p. 84.
[342]Clima. 4. p. 213.
[343]Leviticus. c. 6. v. 13. Hence theξυλοφορια; a custom, by which the people were obliged to carry wood, to replenish the fire when decaying.
[344]It is said in the Scriptures, thatthere were giants in the earth in those days; and also after that. Genesis. c. 6. v. 4. The word in the original for giants is Nephelim.
[345]C. 2. p. 6.
[346]V. 22.
[347]Orphic. Argonaut. v. 395.
[348]De Venatione. p. 972.
[349]Pyth. Ode 4. p. 244.
[350]Ibid. p. 246.
[351]Justin. Martyr de Monarchiâ. p. 42.
[352]De Venat. p. 972.
[353]Æsculapius was of Egypt. Cephalus is said to have lived in the time of Cecropsαυτοχθων: or, as some say, in the time of Erectheus; many centuries before Antilochus and Achilles, who were at the siege of Troy.
[354]Æsculapius was the Sun. Euseb. Præp. Evang. l. 3. p. 112.
[355]Oratio in Herculem. vol. 1. p. 64. Oratio in Æsculapium. p. 67.
[356]Homer. Iliad. Λ. v. 831.
[357]Clemens Alexand. Strom. l. 1. p. 361.
[358]Μονιμος δε ἱστορει, εν τῃ των θαυμασιων συναγωγῃ, εν Πελλῃ της Θετταλιας Αχαιον ανθρωπον Πηλει και Χειρωνι καταθυεσθαι.Clementis Cohort. p. 36.
[359]Pocock's Travels. v. 1. p. 65.
[360]Ibid.
[361]Παρα την λιμνην την καλουμενην Αχερουσιαν. Diodorus Sic. l. 1. p. 86.
[362]In Phrygiâ—juxta specus est Acherusia, ad manes, ut aiunt, pervius. Mela. l. 1. c. 19. p. 100.
[363]River Acheron, and lake Acherusia in Epirus. Pausan. l. 1. p. 40. Strabo. l. 7. p. 499. Thucydides. l. 1. p. 34.
[364]Near Corinth Acherusia. Pausan. l. 2. p. 196.
In Elis Acheron. Strabo. l. 8. p. 530.
[365]Celsæ nidum Acherontiæ. Horat. l. 3. Ode. 4. v. 14.
[366]Near Avernus. In like manner there wereπεδια Ηλυσιαin Egypt, Messenia, and in the remoter parts of Iberia. See Plutarch in Sertorio, and Strabo. l. 3. p. 223.
[367]Also Libri Tarquitiani Aruspicum Hetruscorum, so denominated from Tar-Cushan. Marcellinus. l. 25. c. 2. p. 322.
[368]Herodot. Vit. Hom. c. 3.
[369]Hesychius.
[370]L. 1. p. 77.
[371]Fleetwood's Inscript. p. 42.
[372]P. 319. n. 2.
[373]Sat. 14. v. 259.
[374]Pausanias. l. 2. p. l6l, 162.
There was a hill called Anakeion:Ανακειον· ορος, η των Διοσκουρων Ἱερον.Suidas.
It is said of the celebrated Polygnotus, that he paintedτας εν τῳ θησαυρῳ και εν τῳ Ανακειῳ γραφας.Harpocration. The treasury we may suppose to have been a part of the temple.
[375]Homer. Iliad. Γ. v. 237.
[376]Homer. Odyss. Μ. v. 323.
[377]Cicero in Verrem. Orat. 7. sect. ult.
[378]Pausanias. l. 9. p. 741.
[379]Apollodorus. l. 3. p. 154.
[380]Hyginus. fab. 68, and 75.
[381]Antonin. Liberalis Metamorph. c. 22.
[382]Hymn. in Dian. v. 204.
[383]Cicero de Nat. Deorum. l. 3. 23.
She is supposed to be the same as Diana.Καλουσι δε την Αρτεμιν Θρακες Βενδειαν, Κρητες δε Δικτυναν, Λακεδαιμονιοι δε Ουπιν.Palæphatus. c. 32. p. 78.
[384]Scholia in Callimach. Hymn. in Dianam. v. 204.
Ωπιν, και Ἑκαεργην—εκ των Ὑπερβορεων.Pausan. l. 5. p. 392.
Metuenda feris Hecaerge,Et Soror, optatum numen venantibus, Opis.Claudian in Laudes Stilic. l. 3. v. 253.
Metuenda feris Hecaerge,Et Soror, optatum numen venantibus, Opis.Claudian in Laudes Stilic. l. 3. v. 253.
Metuenda feris Hecaerge,
Et Soror, optatum numen venantibus, Opis.
Claudian in Laudes Stilic. l. 3. v. 253.
[385]2 Kings. c. 23. v. 10. 2 Chron. c. 28. v. 3.
[386]C. 7. v. 31. and c. 19. v. 5. There was a place named Tophel (Toph-El) near Paran upon the Red Sea. Deuteron. c. 1. v. 1.
[387]Zonar. vol. 2. p. 227.Τουφαν καλει ὁ δημωδης και πολυς ανθρωπος.
[388]Bedæ. Hist. Angliæ. l. 2. c. 16.
[389]De legibus specialibus. p. 320.
The Greek termτυφος, fumus, vel fastus, will hardly make sense, as introduced here.
[390]Plutarch. Isis et Osiris. v. 1. p. 359.
[391]Virgil. Æn. l. 2. v. 713.
[392]Την ταφην (Διονυσου) ειναι φασιν εν Δελφοις παρα τον Χρυσουν Απολλωνα.Cyril. cont. Julian. l. 1. p. 11.
[393]Callimach. Hymn. in Jovem. v. 8.
Ὡδε μεγας κειται Ζαν, ὁν Δια κικλησκουσι.Porphyr. Vita Pythagoræ. p. 20.
Ὡδε μεγας κειται Ζαν, ὁν Δια κικλησκουσι.Porphyr. Vita Pythagoræ. p. 20.
Ὡδε μεγας κειται Ζαν, ὁν Δια κικλησκουσι.
Porphyr. Vita Pythagoræ. p. 20.
[394]Hence Hercules was styledΤριεσπερος. Lycoph. v. 33.
Ζευς τρεις ἑσπερας εις μιαν μεταβαλων συνεκαθευδε τῃ Αλκμηνῃ.Schol. ibid.
[395]Abbe Banier. Mythology of the Antients explained. vol. 4. b. 3. c. 6. p. 77, 78. Translation.
[396]Plaut. Amphitryo. Act. 1. s. 3.
[397]Cicero de Nat. Deor. l. 1. c. 42.
Αλλα και ταφον αυτου (Ζηνος) δεικνυουσι. Lucian. de Sacrificiis. v. 1. p. 355.
[398]Maximus Tyrius. Dissert. 38. p. 85.
[399]Clementis Cohort. p. 40.
[400]Arnobius contra Gentes. l. 4. p. 135. Clem. Alexand. Cohort. p. 24.
[401]Tertullian. Apolog. c. 14.
Πευσομαι δε σουκᾳ 'γω, ω ανθρωπε, ποσοι Ζηνες ἑυρισκονται.Theoph. ad Autolyc. l. 1. p. 344.
[402]Newton's Chronology. p. 151.
[403]Pezron. Antiquities of nations. c. 10, 11, 12.
[404]Virgil. Æn. l. 7. v. 48.
[405]Sir Isaac Newton supposes Jupiter to have lived after the division of the kingdoms in Israel; Pezron makes him antecedent to the birth of Abraham, and even before the Assyrian monarchy.
[406]Arnobius has a very just observation to this purpose. Omnes Dii non sunt: quoniam plures sub eodem nomine, quemadmodum accepimus, esse non possunt, &c. l. 4. p. 136.
[407]Antiquus Auctor Euhemerus, qui fuit ex civitate Messene, res gestas Jovis, et cæterorum, qui Dii putantur, collegit; historiamque contexuit ex titulis, et inscriptionibus sacris, quæ in antiquissimis templis habebantur; maximeque in fano Jovis Triphylii, ubi auream columnam positam esse ab ipso Jove titulus indicabat. In quâ columnâ gesta sua perscripsit, ut monumentum esset posteris rerum suarum. Lactant. de Falsâ Relig. l. 1. c. 11. p. 50.
(Euhemerus), quem noster et interpretatus, et secutus est præter cæteros, Ennius. Cicero de Nat. Deor. l. 1. c. 42.
[408]Lactantius de Falsâ Relig. l. 1. c. 11. p. 52.
[409]Varro apud Solinum. c. 16.
[410]Epiphanius in Ancorato. p. 108.
Cyril. contra Julianum. l. 10. p. 342. See Scholia upon Lycophron. v. 1194.
[411]Callimach. Hymn. in Jovem. v. 6.
[412]Ταφον θεας αξιον. Pausan. l. 2. p. 161.
[413]Diodor. Sicul. l. 1. p. 23.Ταφηναι λεγουσι την Ισιν εν Μεμφει.
Osiris buried at Memphis, and at Nusa. Diodorus above. Also at Byblus in Phenicia.
Εισι δε ενιοι Βυβλιων, ὁι λεγουσι παρα σφισι τεθαφθαι τον Οσιριν τον Αιγυπτιον.Lucian. de Syriâ Deâ. v. 2. p. 879.
Τα μεν ουν περι της ταφης των Θεων τουτων διαφωνειται παρα τοις πλειστοις.Diodor. l. 1. p. 24.
[414]Procopiusπερι κτισματων. l. 6. c. 1. p. 109.
Αιγυπτιοι τε γαρ Οσιριδος πολλαχου θηκας, ὡσπερ ειρηται, δεικνυουσι.Plutarch. Isis et Osiris. p. 358. He mentionsπολλους Οσιριδος ταφους εν Αιγυπτῳ.Ibid. p. 359.
[415]L. 1. p. 79.Περι της Βουσιριδος ξενοκτονιας παρα τοις Ἑλλησιν ενισχυσαι τον μυθον· ου του Βασιλεως ονομαζομενου Βουσιριδος, αλλα του Οσιριδος ταφου ταυτην εχοντος την προσηγοριαν κατα την των εγχωριων διαλεκτον.Strabo likewise says, that there was no such king as Busiris. l. 17. p. 1154.
[416]Bou-Sehor and Uch-Sehor are precisely of the same purport, and signify the great Lord of day.
[417]Pausanias. l. 2. p. 144.
[418]Altis, Baaltis, Orontis, Opheltis, are all places compounded with some title, or titles, of the Deity.
[419]2 Chron. c. 33. v. 14.
[420]2 Chron. c. 27. v. 3.On the wall(חומת)of Ophel he built much:or rather on the Comah, or sacred hill of the Sun, called Oph-El, he built much.
[421]Apollon. Rhodii Argonaut. l. 2. v. 709. Apollo is said to have killed Tityus,Βουπαις εων. Apollon. l. 1. v. 760.
[422]Τον δε του Αιπυτου ταφον σπουδῃ μαλιστα εθεασαμην—εστι μεν ουν γης χωμα ου μεγα, λιθου κρηπιδι εν κυκλῳ περιεχομενον.Pausan. l. 8. p. 632.
Αιπυτιον τυμβον, celebrated by Homer. Iliad. β. v. 605.
Αιπυτος, supposed to be the same as Hermes.Ναος Ἑρμου Αιπυτουnear Tegea in Arcadia. Pausan. l. 8. p. 696. Part of Arcadia was calledΑιπυτις.
[423]Clemens Alexand. Cohort. p. 11.Ανεστεμμενοι τοις οφεσιν επολολυζοντες Ευαν, Ευαν κτλ.
[424]Porphyrii Vita Pythagoræ.
[425]Clement. Alexand. Cohort. p. 29.
[426]The Scholiast upon Pindar seems to attribute the whole to Dionusus, who first gave out oracles at this place, and appointed the seventh day a festival.Εν ᾡ πρωτος Διονυσος εθεμιστευσε, και αποκτεινας τον Οφιν τον Πυθωνα, αγωνιζεται τον Πυθικον αγωνα κατα Ἑβδομην ἡμεραν.Prolegomena in Pind. Pyth. p. 185.
[427]Pausanias. l. 9. p. 749.
[428]Ibid. l. 2. p. 155.
[429]Strabo. l. 9. p. 651.
[430]Ibid.
[431]Pausanias. l. 5. p. 376.
[432]Ibid. l. 10. p. 806.
[433]Ibid. l. 1. p. 87.
[434]At Patræ,μνημα Αιγυπτιου του Βηλου.Pausan. l. 7. p. 578.
[435]Pausanias. l. 2. p. 179.
[436]Herodotus. l. 7. c. 150. and l. 6. c. 54.
Plato in Alcibiad. 1^{mo}. vol. 2. p. 120.
Upon Mount Mænalus was said to have been the tomb of Arcas, who was the father of the Arcadians.
Εστι δε Μαιναλιη δυσχειμερος, ενθα τε κειταιΑρχας, αφ' ὁυ δη παντες επικλησιν καλεονται.Oraculum apud Pausan. l. 8. p. 616.
Εστι δε Μαιναλιη δυσχειμερος, ενθα τε κειταιΑρχας, αφ' ὁυ δη παντες επικλησιν καλεονται.Oraculum apud Pausan. l. 8. p. 616.
Εστι δε Μαιναλιη δυσχειμερος, ενθα τε κειται
Αρχας, αφ' ὁυ δη παντες επικλησιν καλεονται.
Oraculum apud Pausan. l. 8. p. 616.
But what this supposed tomb really was, may be known from the same author:Το δε χωριον τουτο, ενθα ὁ ταφος εστι του Αρκαδος, καλουσιν Ἡλιου Βωμους.Ibid.
Ταφος, η τυμβος, η σημειον.. Hesych.
[437]Strabo. l. 11. p. 779.Εν δε τῳ πεδιῳ ΠΕΤΡΑΝ ΤΙΝΑ προσχωματι συμπληρωσαντες εις βουνοειδες σχημα κτλ.
[438]Typhon was originally calledΓηγενης, and by Hyginus Terræ Filius. Fab. 152. p. 263. Diodorus. l. 1. p. 79. he is styledΓης ὑιος εξαισιος.Antoninus Liberal. c. 25.
[439]Plutarch. Isis et Osiris. p. 380.
[440]Josephus contra Apion. l. 1. p. 460.
[441]Porphyry de Abstinen. l. 2. p. 223.
There wasΠετρα Τυφαονιαin Caucasus. Etymolog. Magnum.Τιφως· Τυφαονια Πετρα εστιν ὑψηλη εν Καυκασῳ.
Καυκασου εν κνημοισι, Τυφαονιη ὁτι Πετρη.Apollon. l. 2. v. 1214.
[442]Diodorus Sicul. l. 1. p. 79.
[443]Παρηγορουσι θυσιαις και πραϋνουσι (τον Τυφωνα), Plutarch. Isis et Osiris. p. 362.
[444]Diodorus Sicul. l. 5. p. 338.
[445]Plutarch. Isis et Osiris. p. 362.Ισαιακου του Ἡρακλεους ὁ Τυφων.
[446]Ovid. Metamorph. l. 11. v. 762.
[447]Ενιοι δε ὑπο του Τυφωνος, ὑπο δε Ατλαντος Ξεναγορας ειρηκεν.Schol. Apollon. l. 4. v. 264.
[448]Hesiod. Theogon. v. 824.
[449]Ibid. v. 826. Typhis, Typhon, Typhaon, Typhœus, are all of the same purport.
[450]Nonni Dionys. l. 1. p. 24.
[451]Οφεις—τιμᾳσθαι ισχυρως. Philarchus apud Ælian: de Animal. l. 17. c. 5.
[452]See Justin Martyr above.
Σημειον Οργιων Βακχικων Οφις εστι τετελεσμενος.Clemens Alexand. Cohort. p. 11. See Augustinus de Civitate Dei. l. 3. c. 12. and l. 18. c. 15.
[453]Ανεστεμμενοι τοις οφεσιν.Clemens above.
[454]In mysteriis, quibus Sabadiis nomen est, aureus coluber in sinum dimittitur consecratis, et eximitur rursus ab inferioribus partibus. Arnobius. l. 5. p. 171. See also Clemens, Cohort. p. 14.Δρακων διελκομενος του κολπου. κ. λ.
Sebazium colentes Jovem anguem, cum initiantur, per sinum ducunt. Julius Firmicus. p. 23.Σαβαζιος, επωνυμον Διονυσου.Hesych.
[455]Τους Οφεις ανεστεμμενοι, ευαζοντες το Ουα, Ουα, εκεινην την Ευαν ετι, την δια του Οφεως απατηθεισαν, επικαλουμενοι.Epiphanius. tom. 2. l. 3. p. 1092.
[456]Cohortatio. p. 11.
[457]Ibid.
[458]Plutarch. Alexander. p. 665.
[459]Οφεις μεγαλους χειροηθεις εφειλκετο τοις θιασοις (ἡ Ολυμπιας), ὁι πολλακις εκ του κιττου και των μυστικων λικνων παραναδυομενοι, και περιελιττομενοι θυρσοις των γυναικων, και τοις στεφανοις, εξεπληττον τους ανδρας.Plutarch. ibid.
[460]Τους οφεις τους Παρειας θλιβων, και ὑπερ της κεφαλης αιωρων, και βοων, Ευοι, Σαβοι, και επορχουμενος Yης Αττης, Αττης Yης.Demosth.Περι στεφανου.p. 516.
[461]Hesych.
[462]Της Ισιδος αγαλματα ανεδουσι ταυτῃ, ὡς τινι διαδηματι βασιλειῳ.Ælian. Hist. Animal. l. 10. c. 31.
[463]Τους Βασιλεις—χρησθαι πιλοις μακροις επι του περατος ομφαλον εχουσι, και περιεσπειραμενοις οφεσι, ὁυς καλουσιν ασπιδας.l. 3. p. 145.
[464]Priscian. l. 5. and l. 6.
[465]Pausan. l. 10. p. 859.
[466]Bochart supposes this term to signify a father, and the purport of the name to be Pater magnificus. He has afterwards a secondary derivation. Sed fallor, aut Abdir, vel Abadir, cum pro lapide sumitur, corruptum ex Phoenicio Eben-Dir, lapis sphæricus. Geog. Sac. l. 2. c. 2. p. 708.
[467]See Radicals. p. 59. and Deuteronomy. c. 18. v. 11.
[468]Εχουσαι βασιλεα εφ' ἁντων τον Αγγελον της Αβυσσου· ονομα αυτῳ Ἑβραϊστι Αβαδδων, εν δε τη Ἑλληνικῃ ονομα εχει Απολλυων.Revelations. c. 20. v. 11.
[469]Revelations. c. 20. v. 2. Abadon signifies serpens Dominus, vel Serpens Dominus Sol.
[470]Daniel Heinsius. Aristarchus. p. 11.
[471]Euseb. P. E. l. 1. p. 41, 42.
[472]Euseb. ibidem.Ταδε αυτα και Οστανης κτλ.
[473]Herod. l. 2. c. 189. also Ptolemy.
[474]M. Maimonides in more Nevochim. See Selden de Diis Syris. Synt. 1. c. 3. p. 49.
[475]Ουβαιον, ὁ εστιν Ἑλληνιστι Βασιλισκον· ὁνπερ χρυσουν ποιουντες Θεοις περιτιθεασιν.Horapollo. l. 1. p. 2.
Ουβαιονis so corrected forΟυραιον, from MSS. by J. Corn. De Pauw.
[476]Cicero de Nat. Deor. l. 3.
[477]Præp. Evan. l. 1. p. 41.
[478]Euseb. supra.
[479]L. 6. p. 345.
[480]Strabo. l. 10. p. 683. It was supposed to have had its name from Ellops, the Son of Ion, who was the brother of Cothus.
[481]Callimachus. H. in Delon. v. 292.Ευαιων, Eva-On, Serpens Sol.
[482]Athenagoras. Legatio. p. 294.Ηρακλης Χρονος.
[483]Athenag. p. 295.Ἡρακλης Θεος—δρακων ἑλικτος.
[484]It is said to have been named Rhodus from Rhod, a Syriac for a serpent. Bochart. G. S. p. 369.
[485]Ενταυθα μυθυουσι τους Οφιογενεις συγγενειαν τινα εχειν προς τους οφεις. Strabo. l. 13. p. 850. Ophiogenæ in Hellesponto circa Parium. Pliny. l. 7. p. 371.
[486]Pausan. l. 8. p. 614.
[487]Aristoph. Plutus. Schol. v. 718.
[488]L. 3. c. 96. Strabo. l. 10. p. 692.
[489]Steph. Byzant.Παταρα.
[490]Βη δ' επ' εραν Διας φευγων οφιωδεα Κυπρον.Parthenius. See Vossius upon Pomp. Mela. l. 1. c. 6. p. 391.
Ovid Metamorph. l. 10. v. 229. Cypri arva Ophiusia.
[491]They were particularly to be found at Paphos. Apollon. Discolus. Mirabil. c. 39.Οφις ποδας εχων δυο.
[492]Herodotus. l. 7. c. 90.Ὁι δε απο Αιθιοπιης, ὡς αυτοι Κυπριοι λεγουσι.
[493]Ὁ γαρ Μινως οφεις, και σκορπιους, και σκολοπενδρας ουρεσκεν κλ.Antonin. Liberalis. c. 41. p. 202. See notes, p. 276.
[494]Tacitus. Annal. l. 4. c. 21.
[495]In Ceiri.
[496]Strabo. l. 10. p. 746.
[497]What the Greeks renderedΣεριφοςwas properly Sar-Iph; and Sar-Iphis, the same as Ophis: which signified Petra Serpentis, sive Pythonis.
[498]Herodotus. l. 8. c. 41.
[499]Strabo. l. 9. p. 603.
[500]Lycophron Scholia. v. 496.απο των οδοντων του δρακοντος.
[501]Meursius de reg. Athen. l. 1. c. 6.
[502]Apollodorus. l. 3. p. 191.
[503]Diodorus. l. I. p. 25. Cecrops is not by name mentioned in this passage according to the present copies: yet what is said, certainly relates to him, as appears by the context, and it is so understood by the learned Marsham. See Chron. Canon. p. 108.
[504]Eustat. on Dionys. p. 56. Edit. Steph.
[505]Τον βαρβαρον Αιγυπτιασμον αφεις. κτλ.ibid.
See also Tzetzes upon Lycophron. v. 111.
[506]Chron. Canon, p. 109.
[507]It may not perhaps be easy to decypher the name of Cecrops: but thus much is apparent, that it is compounded of Ops, and Opis, and related to his symbolical character.
[508]Δρακοντας δυο περι τον Ερικθονιον.Antigonus Carystius. c. 12.
[509]Aristot. de Mirabilibus. vol. 2. p. 717.
[510]Pliny. l. 3. p. 153. l. 8. p. 455.
[511]Æschyli Supplices. p. 516.
[512]L. 3. p. 184.
[513]Apollonius Discolus. c. 12. and Aristot. de Mirabilibus, vol. 2. p. 737.
[514]Aves Diomedis—judicant inter suos et advenas, &c. Isidorus Orig. l. 12. c. 7. Pliny. l. 10. c. 44.
[515]Apollodorus. l. 1. p. 37.
[516]Stephanas Byzant.Οπικοι.
[517]The same is said by Epiphanius.Ἑυια τον οφιν παιδες Ἑβραιων ονομαζουσι.Epiphanius advers. Hæres. l. 3. tom. 2. p. 1092.
[518]Steph. Byzant.
[519]Ptolemy. p. 93.Ευια.
[520]Pausanias. l. 4. p. 356.
[521]L. 2. p. 202.
[522]Pausan. l. 3. p. 249.
[523]There was a city of this name in Macedonia, and in Troas. Also a river.
[524]Ovid Metamorph. l. 7. v. 357.
[525]Strabo. l. 13. p. 913. It is compounded of Eva-Ain, the fountain, or river of Eva, the serpent.
[526]Strabo. l. 5. p. 383.
[527]Μενελαον, ὁς ην Πιτανατης.Hesych.
Δρακων επι τῃ ασπιδι (Μενελαου) εστιν ειργασμενος.Pausan. l. 10. p. 863.
[528]Πιτανατης, λοχος. Hesych.
[529]It was the insigne of many countries. TextilisAnguis
Discurrit per utramque aciem. Sidon. Apollinaris. Carm. 5. v. 409.
[530]