Stent bellatrices Aquilæ, sæviqueDracones.Claudian de Nuptiis Honor. et Mariæ. v. 193.Ut primum vestras Aquilas Provincia vidit,Desiit hostiles confestim horrereDracones.Sidon. Apollinaris. Carm. 2. v. 235.[531]Epiphanius Hæres. 37. p. 267.[532]Clemens. l. 7. p. 900.[533]Tertullian de Præscript. Hæret. c. 47. p. 221.[534]Vossius, Selden, and many learned men have touched upon this subject. There is a treatise of Philip Olearius de Ophiolatriâ. Also DissertatioTheologico-Historico, &c. &c. de cultu serpentum. Auctore M. Johan. Christian. Kock. Lipsiæ. 1717.[535]Homer. Odyss. l. 10. v. 106.[536]Hæc a principio patria Cyclopum fuit. Justin. of the island Sicily. l. 4. c. 2.[537]Ος οψεται μεν του μονογληνου στεγαςΧαρωνος.Lycophron. v. 659.Charon was not a person, but Char-On, the temple of the Sun.[538]Των περι την Αιτνην και Λεοντινην Κυκλωπας (δυναστευσαι). Strabo. l. 1. p. 38.[539]The province of Leontina called Xuthia. Diodorus. l. 5. p. 291.[540]Cyclops. v. 297.[541]Lycophron. v. 659.[542]Γλυκυτατα φασι τα κρεα τους ξενους φερειν.Ουδεις μολων δευρ', ὁστις ου κατεσφαγη.Euripid. Cyclops. v. 126.[543]The river Nilus was called Triton, and afterwards Nilus.Μετωνομασθῃ δε απο Νειλου του Κυκλωπος.Scholia in Apollon. l. 4. v. 268.Nilus Deorum maximus. Huetii Demons. Evang. Prop. 4. p. 111.[544]Αιγυπτιε Ζευ, Νειλε. Athenæus. l. 5. p. 203.Vulcanus—Nilo natus, Opas, ut Ægyptii appellant. Cicero de Naturâ Deor. l. 3. c. 22. HenceΝειλος Κυκλωψmust have been the chief Deity; and the Cyclopians his votaries and priests.Νειλοιο τεμενος Κρονιδα. Pindar. Pyth. Ode 4. p. 239. He was no other than Ouranus, and Cœlus.[545]Αστεριων, ὑιος Ανακτος, who was buried in the island Lade, near Miletus, is mentioned as a gigantic personage by Pausanias. l. 1. p. 87. Large bones have been found in Sicily; which were probably the bones of elephants, but have been esteemed the bones of the Cyclopians by Kircher and Fazellus. Fazellus. Dec. 1. l. 1. c. 6.[546]Herodotus. l. 5. c. 61. He alludes to them under the name of Cadmians.[547]Odyss. 10. v. 190.[548]Æneid. l. 3. v. 619.[549]Hymn in Dian. v. 51.Μουνος δ' οφθαλμος μεσσῳ επεκειτο μετωπῳ.Hesiod. Theogon. v. 143.Clemens Alexandrinus tells us, that Homer's account of Polyphemus is borrowed from the character of Saturnus in the Orphic poetry. Strom. l. 6. p. 751.[550]Scholia in Æschyl. Prometh. p. 56.[551]Παιδες Ουρανου, και Γης.[552]Εξ ἡς αυτῳ (Ουρανῳ) τρεις παιδας γινωσκουσιν ἑκατονταχειρας, και τρεις ἑτερους αποτικτουσι Κυκλωπας.Proclus in Photio. c. ccxxxix. p. 982.Euripides makes them the sons of Oceanus.Ἱν' ὁι μονωπες ποντιου παιδες ΘεουΚυκλωπες οικουσ' αντρ'ερημ'ανδροκτονοι.Cyclops. v. 21.[553]Και δη Ἱερον εστιν αρχαιον, Κυκλωπον καλουμενος βωμος, και θυουσιν επ' αυτᾳ Κυκλωψι.Pausanias. l. 2. p. 114.[554]Odyss. Ζ. v. 5.Ὑπερειαν, ὁι μεν την εν Σικελια Καμαρινην.Schol. ibid.[555]Εν πολει της Βαβυλωνιας Καμαρινῃ, ἡν τινας λεγειν πολιν Ουριαν.Alexand. Polyhist. apud Euseb. Præp. Evan. l. 9. p. 418.[556]Natalis Comes. l. 9. p. 510. By the Celtæ are meant those of Iberia:οψιγονοι Τιτηνεςof Callimachus.[557]Lycoph. v. 659. Appian mentions a nation of Cyclopians in Illyria, who were near the Pheacians.[558]The liba made in such temples were from it named Charisia.Χαρισιον, ειδος πλακουντων.Hesych.[559]In Parthia,Καλλιοπη, Χαρις. Appian. Syriac. p. 125.Φρυγιας πολις Καρις. Steph. Byzant.Charisiæ in Arcadia. Ibid. The island Cos, called of old Caris. Ibid.[560]Herodotus. l. 4. c. 13.Αριμασπους ανδρας μουνοφθαλμους.Strabo. l. 1. p. 40.Ταχα δε και τους μονομματους Κυκλωπας εκ της Σκυθικης ἱστοριας μετενηνοχεν (Ὁμηρος.)[561]Ουπις τε, Λοξω τε, και ευαιων Ἑκαεργη.Callimach. H. in Delon. v. 292.[562]Casaubon. not. in Strabon. l. 1. p. 40.Μουνωπα στρατον Αριμασπον.Æschyl. Prineth. p. 49.[563]Τον γαρ βασιλεα και κυριον Οσιριν οφθαλμῳ και σκηπτρῳ γραφουσιν.Plutarch. Isis et Osiris. p. 354.[564]Lycophron. v. 328. See Suidas.Φιλοχορος Τριτοπατορας παντων γεγονεναι πρωτους.Etymolog. Mag. See Meursii not. in Lycophron. v. 328.Ῥαισει τριπατρου φασγανῳ Κανδαονος.[565]Iliad. Σ. v. 382. and Ξ. v. 275. See Pausan. l. 9. p. 781.[566]Nonni Dionysiaca. l. 29. p. 760.The Graces and the Furies (Charites et Furiæ) were equally denominated from the Sun, and fire; and in consequence of it had joint worship in Arcadia. Pausan. l. 8. p. 669. Charis,Χαρις, of the Greeks, was the same personage as Ceres of the Romans. She was also called Damater, and esteemed one of the Furies. Pausan. l. 8. p. 649.[567]Pausanias. l. 9. p. 781. So Coronis is said to have been the daughter of Phlegyas. Pausan. l. 2. p. 170: and Cronus the son of Apollo. l. 2. p. 123. Chiron the son of Saturn; Charon the son of Erebus and night. The hero Charisius, the son of Lycaon, which Lycaon was no other than Apollo, the God of light. These were all places, but described as personages; and made the children of the Deity, to whom they were sacred.[568]Δεινους Θεοις τε ἱερα κατασκευασασθαι, και βασιλεια ανθρωποις· και γαρ τῳ Απολλωνι τον Ναον ῳκοδομησαντο τον εν Δελφοις, και Ὑριει τον Θησαυρον.Pausan. l. 9. p. 785.Turres, ut Aristoteles, Cyclopes (invenerunt). Pliny. l. 7. c. 56.[569]Virgil. Æn. l. 6. v. 630.[570]Lutatius Placidus in Statii Thebaïd. l. 1. p. 26.[571]Τας Ὑακινθου κορας—επι τον Γεραιστου του Κυκλωπος ταφον κατεσφαξαν.Apollodorus. l. 3. p. 205.[572]Hercules furens. Act. 4. v. 996.[573]Nonni Dionysiaca. l. 41. p. 1068.Euripides styles the walls of ArgosΟυρανια:'Ινα τειχεα λαϊνα, Κυκλωπει', ουρανια νεμονται.Troades. v. 1087.[574]Pausanias. l. 2. p. 146.[575]Seneca Thyestes. Act. 2. v. 406.[576]Εντος δε του Ισθμου της Τροιζηνος ὁμορος εστιν Ἑρμιονη· Οικιστην δε της αρχαιας πολεως Ἑρμιονεις γενεσθαι φασιν Ἑρμιονα Ευρωπος.Pausanias. l. 2. p. 191.[577]Strabo. l. 8. p. 573. It was inhabited by people particularly styledἉλιεις, or men of the sea; who were brought thither by Druops Arcas.[578]Pausan. l. 2. p. 147.Κυκλωπων μεν εστιν εργον.p. 169.See Strabo. l. 8. p. 572.Τειχισαι δια Κυκλωπων.[579]Τα τειχη τα εν Τιρυνθι—ουδε οντα ελαττονος θαυματος (των Πυραμιδων).Pausanias. l. 9. p. 783.[580]Εφεξης δε τῃ Ναυπλιᾳ, τα σπηλαια, και ὁι εν αυτοις οικοδομητοι λαβυρινθοι. Κυκλωπεια δ' ονομαζουσιν.Strabo. l. 8. p. 567.[581]Pausanias. l. 4. p. 367.[582]Εμοι μεν ουν Αιγυπτιον φαινεται, και ουδαμως Ἑλληνικον ονομα Ωρος ειναι. κτλ.Pausan. l. 2. p. 181.[583]Κυκλωπων βαθραΦοινικι κανονι και τυκοις ἡρμοσμενα.Eurip. Herc. Furens. v. 944.[584]Strabo. l. 8. p. 572.[585]Many places were denominated from Aster; such as Asteria, Asterion, Asteris, Astræa, Astarte. See Steph. Byzantinus.Αστεριον, πολις Θετταλιας—ἡ νυν Πιρεσια.Idem.Αστεριη, ἡ Δηλος, και ἡ Κρητη, εκαλειτο.Hesychius.Δηλος Αστεριη. Callimach. H. in Delon. v. 37. and 40. Asteria signifies the island of Aster.[586]L. 8. p. 572.[587]Pausanias mentions the apartments of the daughters of Prœtus. l. 2. p. 169. But the daughters of Prœtus were property the virgins who officiated at the Purait, the young priestesses ot the Deity.The Sicilian Cyclopes were three, because there were three towers only, erected upon the islands called Cyclopum Scopuli; and that they were lighthouses is apparent from the name which still remains: for they are at this day styled Faraglioni, according to Fazellus. The Cyclopes of Tiryns were seven, as we learn from Strabo; because the towers probably were in number so many. From this circumstance we may presume, that the ideas of the antients concerning the Cyclopians, were taken from the buildings which they erected.[588]The Cyclopian buildings were also called Ouranian.Κυκλωπεια τ' ουρανια τειχεα.Euripid. Electra. v. 1158.[589]Both Cuclops, and Cuclopes, was the name of a place. We may, therefore, I think, be pretty well assured, that the Cyclopians were from hence denominated. And as sacred places had their names from the Deity, to whom they were dedicated, it is very probable, that the Cuclopian towers were named from Cœlus Ops, the Deity there worshipped: for I have shewn, that this people were the reputed children of Ouranus and Cœlus.[590]Aristoteles de mirabil. auscult. p. 732.[591]In excerptis apud Sononem. See not. Meursii in Antigonum Carystium. p. 183.[592]Of the Cyclopians of Thrace see Scholia in Euripid. Orest. v. 966.Κυκλωπες, Θρακικον εθνος. Also Scholia in Statii Theb. l. 2. p. 104.[593]παρα δε το ἱερον του Κηφισσου Μεδουσης λιθου πεποιημενη κεφαλη. Κυκλωπων φασιν ειναι και τουτο εργον.Pausan. l. 2. p. 156.Κηφισσος, DoricèΚαφισσος, velΚαφισος: from Caph-Isis, Petra Deæ Isidis.[594]Ηελιου, ὁς παντ' εφορᾳ και παντ' ὑπακουει.Homer. Odyss. l. Λ. v. 108.[595]Orphic Fragment. 6. v. 19. the same as Phanes, and Dionusus. Frag. 8. v. 2. Schol. ibid.[596]Hence the stream and lake of Cephisus in Bœotia were styledὑδατα και λιμνη Κηφισσιδος: by the antient Dorians expressedΚαφισιδος, fromΚαφ-Ισις.[597]Orphic Hymn. 31. v. 10.[598]Hymn. 10. v. 10. Metis was the same as Pan.Meed-Ous whence cameΜεδουσα, is exactly analogous to Cotinousa, Aithousa, Alphiousa, Ampelousa, Pithecousa, Scotousa, Arginousa, Lampadousa, Amathousa, Ophiousa, Asterousa; and signifies the temple of Metis, or divine wisdom. Aster-Ous was a temple on Mount Caucasus: Amath-Ous, the same in Cyprus: Ampel-Ous, a temple in Mauritania: Alphi-Ous, in Elis: Achor-Ous, in Egypt: all dedicated to the Deity, under different titles.[599]Χασμασι λεοντειοις τα των ἱερων θυρωματα κοσμουσιν (ὁι Αιγυπτιοι).Plutarch. Isis et Osiris. p. 366.[600]Odyss. Λ. v. 610. It is a term which seems to have puzzled the commentators.Χαροποι, επιπληκτικοι, φοβεροι. Scholiast. Ibid. It was certainly an Amonian term: and the Poet alluded to a Charopian temple.Της δ' ην Τρεις κεφαλαι, μια μεν χαροποιο λεοντος. Hesiod. Theogon. v. 321. Homer in another place mentions,Λυκων κλαγγην, χαροπων τε Λεοντων.Hymn.εις Μητερα θεων. v. 4.As a lion was from hence styled Charops, so from another temple it was named Charon.Χαρων ὁ λεων. Hesych. Achilles is styledΑιχμητης Χαρων, Lycoph. v. 260. a martial Charonian Lion.[601]Pausan. l. 8. p. 696.[602]Pausan. l. 1. p. 49.[603]Hesiod. Theogon. v. 141. Scholia Apollon. l. 1. v. 730.Κυκλωπες τοτε Διι μεν διδοασι βροντην, και αστραπην, και κεραυνον.Apollodorus. l. 1. p. 4.[604]See Stephanus.Ακμονια πολις Φρυγιας κτλ.He styles AcmonΑκμονα τον Μανεως.Manes was the chief Deity of Lydia, Lycia, and Persis; and the same as Menes of Egypt.There was a city Acmonia in Thrace. Ptol. l. 5. p. 138.[605]Εστι και αλλο Ακμονιον αλσος περι Θερμαδοντα.Steph. Byzant. Apollonius takes notice ofΑλσεος Ακμονιοιο.l. 2. v. 994. Here Mars was supposed to have married Harmonia, the mother of the Amazonians.[606]Acmonides is represented as a patronymic; but there is reason to think that it is an Amonian compound, Acmon-Ades, Acmon the God of light, the same as Cœlus, Cronus, and Osiris. Acmon and Acmonides were certainly the same person:Ακμων· Κρονυς, Ουρανος.Hesych.Ακμονιδης, ὁ Χαρων, και ὁ Ουρανος. ibid. He was the Cyclopian God, to whom different departments were given by the mythologists. Charon Cyclops is mentioned by Lycophron. v. 659. above quoted.[607]Simmiæ RhodiiΠτερυγια. Theocritus. Heinsii. p. 214.[608]Callimachi Hymn. in Dianam. v. 146.[609]Δακτυλοι Ιδαιοι Κρηταεες. Apollonius Rhod. l. 1. v. 1129.The Scholiast upon this Poet takes notice of only three; of which one was Acmon:Κελμις, Δαμναμενευς τε μεγας, και ὑπερβιος Ακμων,Ὁι πρωτοι τεχνην πολυμητιος ἩφαιστοιοἙυρον εν ουρειῃσι ναπαις ιοεντα σιδηρον,Ες πυρ τ' ηνεγκαν, και αριπρεπες εργον εδειξαν.These verses are quoted from the antient author,ὁ την φορωνιδα συνθεις.Diodorus Siculus, l. 1. p. 333. says, that some made the Idæi Dactyli ten in number; others an hundred.[610]Clemens Alexand. Strom. l. 1. p. 401. Strabo. l. 10. p. 725.[611]Strabo. l. 10. p. 715. They are by Tatianus Assyrius spoken of as the Cyclopes, and the same invention attributed to them.Χαλκευειν Κυκλωπες (εδιδαξαν).p. 243.Fabricam ferrariam primi excogitârunt Cyclopes, See Hoffman. Ferrum.[612]Κυκλωπες, Θρακικον εθνος, απο Κυκλωπος βασιλεως ὁυτως ονομαζομενοι.—πλειονες δε αυτων εν τῃ Κουρητιδι· ησαν δε ΑΡΙΣΤΟΙ ΤΕΧΝΙΤΑΙ.Schol. in Euripid. Orest. v. 966.Mention is afterwards madeτων εκ της Κουρητιδος Κυκλωπων. The Curetes worshipped Cronus: so that Cronus and Cuclops were the same. See Porphyry de Abstin. l. 2. p. 225.[613]They are said to have made the altar upon which the Gods were sworn, when the Titans rebelled against Jupiter. Scholiast upon Aratus. p. 52. In memorial of this altar an Asterism was formed in the Sphere, denominatedβωμος, ara.[614]Virgil Æn. l. 8. v. 424.[615]Prœtides implerunt falsis mugitibus auras. Virgil. Eclog. 6. v. 48.[616]Herod. l. 7. c. 123.Ἡ Παλληνη Χερρονησος, ἡ εν τῳ Ισθμῳ κειται. ἡ πριν μεν Ποτιδαια, νυν δε Κασσανδρεια, Φλεγραια δε πριν εκαλειτο· ωκουν δ' αυτην ὁι μυθυομενοι Γιγαντες, εθνος ασεβες, και ανομον.Strabo. Epitome. l. 7. p. 510.[617]Lycophron. v. 115.[618]Stephanus places Torone in Thrace, and supposes it to have been named from Torone, who was not the wife, but daughter of Proteus.Απο Τορωνης της Πρωτεως.Some made her the daughter of Poseidon and Phœnice. See Steph.Φλεγραια. There were more towers than one of this name.[619]Παλληνιαν επηλθε Γηγενων τροφον, Lycoph. v. 127.[620]Lycophron. v. 124.[621]Eustath. on Dionysius. v. 259.[622]Herodot. l. 2. c. 112.[623]Πρωτεα κικλησκω, ποντου κληιδας εχοντα.Orphic Hymn. 24.[624]Aristides. Oratio Ægyptiaca. v. 3. p. 608.[625]Stephanus Byzant.Φαρος.[626]Chilias. 2. Hist. 44. p. 31.Πρωτευς φοινικης φινικος παις—περι την φαρον κατοικων.[627]Orphic Hymn to Proteus. 24.[628]Eustath. in Dionys. v. 14.Φροντιν Ονητοριδην. Homer. Odyss. Γ. v. 282. See also Hesych.[629]Æneid. l. 6. v. 556.[630]Virg. Æneid. l. 6. v. 618.[631]Stephanus.Αιθιοπια.[632]The hieroglyphic was a man with the head of a bull; which had the same reference, as the Apis, and Mneuis of Egypt.[633]Diodorus Sic. l. 20. p. 756.[634]Homer. Odyss. Μ. v. 222.[635]Epist. 79.[636]Ακουσιλαος Φορκυνος και Ἑκατης την Σκυλλαν λεγει. Στησικορος δε, εν τῃ Σκυλλῃ, Λαμιας την Σκυλλαν φησι θυγατερα ειναι.Apollonius. Schol. l. 4. v. 828.[637]Euripides. Cyclops. v. 126.[638]Odyss. l. Ι. v. 389.[639]Imitated by Mr. Pope.[640]Ennius translated into Latin the history of Euhemerus, who seems to have been a sensible man, and saw into the base theology of his country. He likewise wrote against it, and from hence made himself many enemies. Strabo treats him as a man devoted to fiction. l. 2. p. 160.[641]Ex Ennii Historiâ sacrâ, quoted by Lactantius. Divin. Institut. vol. 1. c. 13. p. 59.[642]Μεσσηνιον Ευημερον. Strabo. l. 1. p. 81.[643]Clemens. Cohort. p. 11. Arnobius. l. 5.[644]Διονυσον Μαινολον οργιασουσι Βακχοι, ωμοφαγιᾳ την ἱερομανιαν αγοντες, και τελισκουσι τας κρεονομιας των φονων ανεστεμμενοι τοις οφεσιν.Clemens Cohort. p. 11.[645]Julius Firmicus. p. 14.[646]Apollon. Rhod. l. 1. v. 636.[647]Scholia Apollon. l. 1. v. 635.[648]Porphyryπερι αποχης. l. 2. p. 224.[649]Turricolas Lamias, Fauni quas PompiliiqueInstituere Numæ. Lactant. de falsâ Relig. l. 1. c. 22. p. 105.[650]Homer Odyss. Κ. v. 81.[651]Ibid. Κ. v. 120.[652]Εν μερει τινι της χωρας (της Σικελιας) Κυκλωπες, και Λαιστρυγονες, οικησαι.Thucyd. l. 6. p. 378.[653]Scholia. v. 956. Leon in Leontium is a translation of Lais (לוש) Leo: Bochart.[654]Lycoph. above.[655]Plutarch de Defect. Orac. vol. 1. p. 398.Ἑτεροι δε φᾳσιν εκ Μαλιαιων αφικεσθαι Λαμιας θυγατερα Σιβυλλαν.Clem. Alex. Strom. l. 1. p. 358. Pausanias makes her the daughter of Jupiter and Lamia. l. 10. p. 825.[656]Clemens Alex. l. 1. p. 358.[657]See Diodorus. l. 20. p. 778. of the Lamia in Libya, and of her cavern.[658]Euripides quoted ibid.[659]Philostratus. Vita Apollon. l. 4. p. 183.[660]Aristot. Ethic. l. 7. c. 6. p. 118. See Plutarchπερι πολυπραγμοσυνης, And Aristoph. Vespæ. Schol. v. 1030.[661]Horace, l. 3. ode 17.[662]Virgil Æn. l. 7. v. 1. See Servius.[663]Strabo. l. 5. p. 357.Κολπον Καιατταν. κλ.[664]Ibid. p. 356.[665]Silius. l. 8.[666]De Virgilianâ continentiâ. p. 762. Caiat signified a kind of whip, or thong, probably such was used at Caiate.[667]Virgil. Æneid. l. 5. v. 873.[668]See Nonnus. l. 19. p. 320.[669]V. 653. See Natalis Comes.[670]L. 4. v. 892.[671]V. 1269.[672]Odyss. l. Μ. v. 39.[673]From Mr. Pope's translation.[674]Callimachi Frag. 184. p. 510.[675]Apollon. l. 4. v. 828. Scholia. She is said also to have been the daughter of Hecate and Phorcun. Ibid. The daughter of a Deity means the priestess. Phor-Cun signifies Ignis Dominus, the same as Hephastus.[676]Herodotus. l. 7. c. 90.[677]Κυρος ὁ ἡλιος.See Radicals. p. 48.[678]Strabo. l. 14. p. 1002. the promontory was called CuriasΚυριας ακρα· ειτα πολις Κουριον.[679]L. 4. c. 103.[680]Virgil. Æneid. l. 8. v. 190.[681]Livy. l. 1. c. 7.[682]Plutarch. in Amatorio. vol. 2. p. 762.[683]Lactantius de F. R. l. 1. c. 20. p. 90.[684]Milton. l. 2. v. 579.[685]Theoc. Idyl. 17. v. 47.[686]Aristoph.Βατραχ.v. 474. So Cocytus is by Claudian described as the river of tears.
Stent bellatrices Aquilæ, sæviqueDracones.Claudian de Nuptiis Honor. et Mariæ. v. 193.Ut primum vestras Aquilas Provincia vidit,Desiit hostiles confestim horrereDracones.Sidon. Apollinaris. Carm. 2. v. 235.
Stent bellatrices Aquilæ, sæviqueDracones.Claudian de Nuptiis Honor. et Mariæ. v. 193.
Stent bellatrices Aquilæ, sæviqueDracones.
Claudian de Nuptiis Honor. et Mariæ. v. 193.
Ut primum vestras Aquilas Provincia vidit,Desiit hostiles confestim horrereDracones.Sidon. Apollinaris. Carm. 2. v. 235.
Ut primum vestras Aquilas Provincia vidit,
Desiit hostiles confestim horrereDracones.
Sidon. Apollinaris. Carm. 2. v. 235.
[531]Epiphanius Hæres. 37. p. 267.
[532]Clemens. l. 7. p. 900.
[533]Tertullian de Præscript. Hæret. c. 47. p. 221.
[534]Vossius, Selden, and many learned men have touched upon this subject. There is a treatise of Philip Olearius de Ophiolatriâ. Also DissertatioTheologico-Historico, &c. &c. de cultu serpentum. Auctore M. Johan. Christian. Kock. Lipsiæ. 1717.
[535]Homer. Odyss. l. 10. v. 106.
[536]Hæc a principio patria Cyclopum fuit. Justin. of the island Sicily. l. 4. c. 2.
[537]
Ος οψεται μεν του μονογληνου στεγαςΧαρωνος.Lycophron. v. 659.
Ος οψεται μεν του μονογληνου στεγαςΧαρωνος.Lycophron. v. 659.
Ος οψεται μεν του μονογληνου στεγας
Χαρωνος.Lycophron. v. 659.
Charon was not a person, but Char-On, the temple of the Sun.
[538]Των περι την Αιτνην και Λεοντινην Κυκλωπας (δυναστευσαι). Strabo. l. 1. p. 38.
[539]The province of Leontina called Xuthia. Diodorus. l. 5. p. 291.
[540]Cyclops. v. 297.
[541]Lycophron. v. 659.
[542]
Γλυκυτατα φασι τα κρεα τους ξενους φερειν.Ουδεις μολων δευρ', ὁστις ου κατεσφαγη.Euripid. Cyclops. v. 126.
Γλυκυτατα φασι τα κρεα τους ξενους φερειν.Ουδεις μολων δευρ', ὁστις ου κατεσφαγη.Euripid. Cyclops. v. 126.
Γλυκυτατα φασι τα κρεα τους ξενους φερειν.
Ουδεις μολων δευρ', ὁστις ου κατεσφαγη.Euripid. Cyclops. v. 126.
[543]The river Nilus was called Triton, and afterwards Nilus.Μετωνομασθῃ δε απο Νειλου του Κυκλωπος.Scholia in Apollon. l. 4. v. 268.
Nilus Deorum maximus. Huetii Demons. Evang. Prop. 4. p. 111.
[544]Αιγυπτιε Ζευ, Νειλε. Athenæus. l. 5. p. 203.
Vulcanus—Nilo natus, Opas, ut Ægyptii appellant. Cicero de Naturâ Deor. l. 3. c. 22. HenceΝειλος Κυκλωψmust have been the chief Deity; and the Cyclopians his votaries and priests.
Νειλοιο τεμενος Κρονιδα. Pindar. Pyth. Ode 4. p. 239. He was no other than Ouranus, and Cœlus.
[545]Αστεριων, ὑιος Ανακτος, who was buried in the island Lade, near Miletus, is mentioned as a gigantic personage by Pausanias. l. 1. p. 87. Large bones have been found in Sicily; which were probably the bones of elephants, but have been esteemed the bones of the Cyclopians by Kircher and Fazellus. Fazellus. Dec. 1. l. 1. c. 6.
[546]Herodotus. l. 5. c. 61. He alludes to them under the name of Cadmians.
[547]Odyss. 10. v. 190.
[548]Æneid. l. 3. v. 619.
[549]Hymn in Dian. v. 51.
Μουνος δ' οφθαλμος μεσσῳ επεκειτο μετωπῳ.Hesiod. Theogon. v. 143.
Clemens Alexandrinus tells us, that Homer's account of Polyphemus is borrowed from the character of Saturnus in the Orphic poetry. Strom. l. 6. p. 751.
[550]Scholia in Æschyl. Prometh. p. 56.
[551]Παιδες Ουρανου, και Γης.
[552]Εξ ἡς αυτῳ (Ουρανῳ) τρεις παιδας γινωσκουσιν ἑκατονταχειρας, και τρεις ἑτερους αποτικτουσι Κυκλωπας.Proclus in Photio. c. ccxxxix. p. 982.
Euripides makes them the sons of Oceanus.
Ἱν' ὁι μονωπες ποντιου παιδες ΘεουΚυκλωπες οικουσ' αντρ'ερημ'ανδροκτονοι.Cyclops. v. 21.
Ἱν' ὁι μονωπες ποντιου παιδες ΘεουΚυκλωπες οικουσ' αντρ'ερημ'ανδροκτονοι.Cyclops. v. 21.
Ἱν' ὁι μονωπες ποντιου παιδες Θεου
Κυκλωπες οικουσ' αντρ'ερημ'ανδροκτονοι.Cyclops. v. 21.
[553]Και δη Ἱερον εστιν αρχαιον, Κυκλωπον καλουμενος βωμος, και θυουσιν επ' αυτᾳ Κυκλωψι.Pausanias. l. 2. p. 114.
[554]Odyss. Ζ. v. 5.Ὑπερειαν, ὁι μεν την εν Σικελια Καμαρινην.Schol. ibid.
[555]Εν πολει της Βαβυλωνιας Καμαρινῃ, ἡν τινας λεγειν πολιν Ουριαν.Alexand. Polyhist. apud Euseb. Præp. Evan. l. 9. p. 418.
[556]Natalis Comes. l. 9. p. 510. By the Celtæ are meant those of Iberia:οψιγονοι Τιτηνεςof Callimachus.
[557]Lycoph. v. 659. Appian mentions a nation of Cyclopians in Illyria, who were near the Pheacians.
[558]The liba made in such temples were from it named Charisia.Χαρισιον, ειδος πλακουντων.Hesych.
[559]In Parthia,Καλλιοπη, Χαρις. Appian. Syriac. p. 125.
Φρυγιας πολις Καρις. Steph. Byzant.
Charisiæ in Arcadia. Ibid. The island Cos, called of old Caris. Ibid.
[560]Herodotus. l. 4. c. 13.Αριμασπους ανδρας μουνοφθαλμους.
Strabo. l. 1. p. 40.Ταχα δε και τους μονομματους Κυκλωπας εκ της Σκυθικης ἱστοριας μετενηνοχεν (Ὁμηρος.)
[561]Ουπις τε, Λοξω τε, και ευαιων Ἑκαεργη.Callimach. H. in Delon. v. 292.
[562]Casaubon. not. in Strabon. l. 1. p. 40.
Μουνωπα στρατον Αριμασπον.Æschyl. Prineth. p. 49.
[563]Τον γαρ βασιλεα και κυριον Οσιριν οφθαλμῳ και σκηπτρῳ γραφουσιν.Plutarch. Isis et Osiris. p. 354.
[564]Lycophron. v. 328. See Suidas.
Φιλοχορος Τριτοπατορας παντων γεγονεναι πρωτους.Etymolog. Mag. See Meursii not. in Lycophron. v. 328.Ῥαισει τριπατρου φασγανῳ Κανδαονος.
[565]Iliad. Σ. v. 382. and Ξ. v. 275. See Pausan. l. 9. p. 781.
[566]Nonni Dionysiaca. l. 29. p. 760.
The Graces and the Furies (Charites et Furiæ) were equally denominated from the Sun, and fire; and in consequence of it had joint worship in Arcadia. Pausan. l. 8. p. 669. Charis,Χαρις, of the Greeks, was the same personage as Ceres of the Romans. She was also called Damater, and esteemed one of the Furies. Pausan. l. 8. p. 649.
[567]Pausanias. l. 9. p. 781. So Coronis is said to have been the daughter of Phlegyas. Pausan. l. 2. p. 170: and Cronus the son of Apollo. l. 2. p. 123. Chiron the son of Saturn; Charon the son of Erebus and night. The hero Charisius, the son of Lycaon, which Lycaon was no other than Apollo, the God of light. These were all places, but described as personages; and made the children of the Deity, to whom they were sacred.
[568]Δεινους Θεοις τε ἱερα κατασκευασασθαι, και βασιλεια ανθρωποις· και γαρ τῳ Απολλωνι τον Ναον ῳκοδομησαντο τον εν Δελφοις, και Ὑριει τον Θησαυρον.Pausan. l. 9. p. 785.
Turres, ut Aristoteles, Cyclopes (invenerunt). Pliny. l. 7. c. 56.
[569]Virgil. Æn. l. 6. v. 630.
[570]Lutatius Placidus in Statii Thebaïd. l. 1. p. 26.
[571]Τας Ὑακινθου κορας—επι τον Γεραιστου του Κυκλωπος ταφον κατεσφαξαν.Apollodorus. l. 3. p. 205.
[572]Hercules furens. Act. 4. v. 996.
[573]Nonni Dionysiaca. l. 41. p. 1068.
Euripides styles the walls of ArgosΟυρανια:
'Ινα τειχεα λαϊνα, Κυκλωπει', ουρανια νεμονται.Troades. v. 1087.
[574]Pausanias. l. 2. p. 146.
[575]Seneca Thyestes. Act. 2. v. 406.
[576]Εντος δε του Ισθμου της Τροιζηνος ὁμορος εστιν Ἑρμιονη· Οικιστην δε της αρχαιας πολεως Ἑρμιονεις γενεσθαι φασιν Ἑρμιονα Ευρωπος.Pausanias. l. 2. p. 191.
[577]Strabo. l. 8. p. 573. It was inhabited by people particularly styledἉλιεις, or men of the sea; who were brought thither by Druops Arcas.
[578]Pausan. l. 2. p. 147.Κυκλωπων μεν εστιν εργον.p. 169.
See Strabo. l. 8. p. 572.Τειχισαι δια Κυκλωπων.
[579]Τα τειχη τα εν Τιρυνθι—ουδε οντα ελαττονος θαυματος (των Πυραμιδων).Pausanias. l. 9. p. 783.
[580]Εφεξης δε τῃ Ναυπλιᾳ, τα σπηλαια, και ὁι εν αυτοις οικοδομητοι λαβυρινθοι. Κυκλωπεια δ' ονομαζουσιν.Strabo. l. 8. p. 567.
[581]Pausanias. l. 4. p. 367.
[582]Εμοι μεν ουν Αιγυπτιον φαινεται, και ουδαμως Ἑλληνικον ονομα Ωρος ειναι. κτλ.Pausan. l. 2. p. 181.
[583]
Κυκλωπων βαθραΦοινικι κανονι και τυκοις ἡρμοσμενα.Eurip. Herc. Furens. v. 944.
Κυκλωπων βαθραΦοινικι κανονι και τυκοις ἡρμοσμενα.Eurip. Herc. Furens. v. 944.
Κυκλωπων βαθρα
Φοινικι κανονι και τυκοις ἡρμοσμενα.
Eurip. Herc. Furens. v. 944.
[584]Strabo. l. 8. p. 572.
[585]Many places were denominated from Aster; such as Asteria, Asterion, Asteris, Astræa, Astarte. See Steph. Byzantinus.Αστεριον, πολις Θετταλιας—ἡ νυν Πιρεσια.Idem.Αστεριη, ἡ Δηλος, και ἡ Κρητη, εκαλειτο.Hesychius.Δηλος Αστεριη. Callimach. H. in Delon. v. 37. and 40. Asteria signifies the island of Aster.
[586]L. 8. p. 572.
[587]Pausanias mentions the apartments of the daughters of Prœtus. l. 2. p. 169. But the daughters of Prœtus were property the virgins who officiated at the Purait, the young priestesses ot the Deity.
The Sicilian Cyclopes were three, because there were three towers only, erected upon the islands called Cyclopum Scopuli; and that they were lighthouses is apparent from the name which still remains: for they are at this day styled Faraglioni, according to Fazellus. The Cyclopes of Tiryns were seven, as we learn from Strabo; because the towers probably were in number so many. From this circumstance we may presume, that the ideas of the antients concerning the Cyclopians, were taken from the buildings which they erected.
[588]The Cyclopian buildings were also called Ouranian.Κυκλωπεια τ' ουρανια τειχεα.Euripid. Electra. v. 1158.
[589]Both Cuclops, and Cuclopes, was the name of a place. We may, therefore, I think, be pretty well assured, that the Cyclopians were from hence denominated. And as sacred places had their names from the Deity, to whom they were dedicated, it is very probable, that the Cuclopian towers were named from Cœlus Ops, the Deity there worshipped: for I have shewn, that this people were the reputed children of Ouranus and Cœlus.
[590]Aristoteles de mirabil. auscult. p. 732.
[591]In excerptis apud Sononem. See not. Meursii in Antigonum Carystium. p. 183.
[592]Of the Cyclopians of Thrace see Scholia in Euripid. Orest. v. 966.Κυκλωπες, Θρακικον εθνος. Also Scholia in Statii Theb. l. 2. p. 104.
[593]παρα δε το ἱερον του Κηφισσου Μεδουσης λιθου πεποιημενη κεφαλη. Κυκλωπων φασιν ειναι και τουτο εργον.Pausan. l. 2. p. 156.Κηφισσος, DoricèΚαφισσος, velΚαφισος: from Caph-Isis, Petra Deæ Isidis.
[594]Ηελιου, ὁς παντ' εφορᾳ και παντ' ὑπακουει.Homer. Odyss. l. Λ. v. 108.
[595]Orphic Fragment. 6. v. 19. the same as Phanes, and Dionusus. Frag. 8. v. 2. Schol. ibid.
[596]Hence the stream and lake of Cephisus in Bœotia were styledὑδατα και λιμνη Κηφισσιδος: by the antient Dorians expressedΚαφισιδος, fromΚαφ-Ισις.
[597]Orphic Hymn. 31. v. 10.
[598]Hymn. 10. v. 10. Metis was the same as Pan.
Meed-Ous whence cameΜεδουσα, is exactly analogous to Cotinousa, Aithousa, Alphiousa, Ampelousa, Pithecousa, Scotousa, Arginousa, Lampadousa, Amathousa, Ophiousa, Asterousa; and signifies the temple of Metis, or divine wisdom. Aster-Ous was a temple on Mount Caucasus: Amath-Ous, the same in Cyprus: Ampel-Ous, a temple in Mauritania: Alphi-Ous, in Elis: Achor-Ous, in Egypt: all dedicated to the Deity, under different titles.
[599]Χασμασι λεοντειοις τα των ἱερων θυρωματα κοσμουσιν (ὁι Αιγυπτιοι).Plutarch. Isis et Osiris. p. 366.
[600]Odyss. Λ. v. 610. It is a term which seems to have puzzled the commentators.Χαροποι, επιπληκτικοι, φοβεροι. Scholiast. Ibid. It was certainly an Amonian term: and the Poet alluded to a Charopian temple.
Της δ' ην Τρεις κεφαλαι, μια μεν χαροποιο λεοντος. Hesiod. Theogon. v. 321. Homer in another place mentions,
Λυκων κλαγγην, χαροπων τε Λεοντων.Hymn.εις Μητερα θεων. v. 4.
Λυκων κλαγγην, χαροπων τε Λεοντων.Hymn.εις Μητερα θεων. v. 4.
Λυκων κλαγγην, χαροπων τε Λεοντων.Hymn.εις Μητερα θεων. v. 4.
As a lion was from hence styled Charops, so from another temple it was named Charon.Χαρων ὁ λεων. Hesych. Achilles is styledΑιχμητης Χαρων, Lycoph. v. 260. a martial Charonian Lion.
[601]Pausan. l. 8. p. 696.
[602]Pausan. l. 1. p. 49.
[603]Hesiod. Theogon. v. 141. Scholia Apollon. l. 1. v. 730.
Κυκλωπες τοτε Διι μεν διδοασι βροντην, και αστραπην, και κεραυνον.Apollodorus. l. 1. p. 4.
[604]See Stephanus.Ακμονια πολις Φρυγιας κτλ.He styles AcmonΑκμονα τον Μανεως.Manes was the chief Deity of Lydia, Lycia, and Persis; and the same as Menes of Egypt.
There was a city Acmonia in Thrace. Ptol. l. 5. p. 138.
[605]Εστι και αλλο Ακμονιον αλσος περι Θερμαδοντα.Steph. Byzant. Apollonius takes notice ofΑλσεος Ακμονιοιο.l. 2. v. 994. Here Mars was supposed to have married Harmonia, the mother of the Amazonians.
[606]Acmonides is represented as a patronymic; but there is reason to think that it is an Amonian compound, Acmon-Ades, Acmon the God of light, the same as Cœlus, Cronus, and Osiris. Acmon and Acmonides were certainly the same person:Ακμων· Κρονυς, Ουρανος.Hesych.Ακμονιδης, ὁ Χαρων, και ὁ Ουρανος. ibid. He was the Cyclopian God, to whom different departments were given by the mythologists. Charon Cyclops is mentioned by Lycophron. v. 659. above quoted.
[607]Simmiæ RhodiiΠτερυγια. Theocritus. Heinsii. p. 214.
[608]Callimachi Hymn. in Dianam. v. 146.
[609]Δακτυλοι Ιδαιοι Κρηταεες. Apollonius Rhod. l. 1. v. 1129.
The Scholiast upon this Poet takes notice of only three; of which one was Acmon:
Κελμις, Δαμναμενευς τε μεγας, και ὑπερβιος Ακμων,Ὁι πρωτοι τεχνην πολυμητιος ἩφαιστοιοἙυρον εν ουρειῃσι ναπαις ιοεντα σιδηρον,Ες πυρ τ' ηνεγκαν, και αριπρεπες εργον εδειξαν.
Κελμις, Δαμναμενευς τε μεγας, και ὑπερβιος Ακμων,Ὁι πρωτοι τεχνην πολυμητιος ἩφαιστοιοἙυρον εν ουρειῃσι ναπαις ιοεντα σιδηρον,Ες πυρ τ' ηνεγκαν, και αριπρεπες εργον εδειξαν.
Κελμις, Δαμναμενευς τε μεγας, και ὑπερβιος Ακμων,
Ὁι πρωτοι τεχνην πολυμητιος Ἡφαιστοιο
Ἑυρον εν ουρειῃσι ναπαις ιοεντα σιδηρον,
Ες πυρ τ' ηνεγκαν, και αριπρεπες εργον εδειξαν.
These verses are quoted from the antient author,ὁ την φορωνιδα συνθεις.
Diodorus Siculus, l. 1. p. 333. says, that some made the Idæi Dactyli ten in number; others an hundred.
[610]Clemens Alexand. Strom. l. 1. p. 401. Strabo. l. 10. p. 725.
[611]Strabo. l. 10. p. 715. They are by Tatianus Assyrius spoken of as the Cyclopes, and the same invention attributed to them.Χαλκευειν Κυκλωπες (εδιδαξαν).p. 243.
Fabricam ferrariam primi excogitârunt Cyclopes, See Hoffman. Ferrum.
[612]Κυκλωπες, Θρακικον εθνος, απο Κυκλωπος βασιλεως ὁυτως ονομαζομενοι.—πλειονες δε αυτων εν τῃ Κουρητιδι· ησαν δε ΑΡΙΣΤΟΙ ΤΕΧΝΙΤΑΙ.Schol. in Euripid. Orest. v. 966.
Mention is afterwards madeτων εκ της Κουρητιδος Κυκλωπων. The Curetes worshipped Cronus: so that Cronus and Cuclops were the same. See Porphyry de Abstin. l. 2. p. 225.
[613]They are said to have made the altar upon which the Gods were sworn, when the Titans rebelled against Jupiter. Scholiast upon Aratus. p. 52. In memorial of this altar an Asterism was formed in the Sphere, denominatedβωμος, ara.
[614]Virgil Æn. l. 8. v. 424.
[615]Prœtides implerunt falsis mugitibus auras. Virgil. Eclog. 6. v. 48.
[616]Herod. l. 7. c. 123.
Ἡ Παλληνη Χερρονησος, ἡ εν τῳ Ισθμῳ κειται. ἡ πριν μεν Ποτιδαια, νυν δε Κασσανδρεια, Φλεγραια δε πριν εκαλειτο· ωκουν δ' αυτην ὁι μυθυομενοι Γιγαντες, εθνος ασεβες, και ανομον.Strabo. Epitome. l. 7. p. 510.
[617]Lycophron. v. 115.
[618]Stephanus places Torone in Thrace, and supposes it to have been named from Torone, who was not the wife, but daughter of Proteus.Απο Τορωνης της Πρωτεως.Some made her the daughter of Poseidon and Phœnice. See Steph.Φλεγραια. There were more towers than one of this name.
[619]Παλληνιαν επηλθε Γηγενων τροφον, Lycoph. v. 127.
[620]Lycophron. v. 124.
[621]Eustath. on Dionysius. v. 259.
[622]Herodot. l. 2. c. 112.
[623]Πρωτεα κικλησκω, ποντου κληιδας εχοντα.Orphic Hymn. 24.
[624]Aristides. Oratio Ægyptiaca. v. 3. p. 608.
[625]Stephanus Byzant.Φαρος.
[626]Chilias. 2. Hist. 44. p. 31.Πρωτευς φοινικης φινικος παις—περι την φαρον κατοικων.
[627]Orphic Hymn to Proteus. 24.
[628]Eustath. in Dionys. v. 14.
Φροντιν Ονητοριδην. Homer. Odyss. Γ. v. 282. See also Hesych.
[629]Æneid. l. 6. v. 556.
[630]Virg. Æneid. l. 6. v. 618.
[631]Stephanus.Αιθιοπια.
[632]The hieroglyphic was a man with the head of a bull; which had the same reference, as the Apis, and Mneuis of Egypt.
[633]Diodorus Sic. l. 20. p. 756.
[634]Homer. Odyss. Μ. v. 222.
[635]Epist. 79.
[636]Ακουσιλαος Φορκυνος και Ἑκατης την Σκυλλαν λεγει. Στησικορος δε, εν τῃ Σκυλλῃ, Λαμιας την Σκυλλαν φησι θυγατερα ειναι.Apollonius. Schol. l. 4. v. 828.
[637]Euripides. Cyclops. v. 126.
[638]Odyss. l. Ι. v. 389.
[639]Imitated by Mr. Pope.
[640]Ennius translated into Latin the history of Euhemerus, who seems to have been a sensible man, and saw into the base theology of his country. He likewise wrote against it, and from hence made himself many enemies. Strabo treats him as a man devoted to fiction. l. 2. p. 160.
[641]Ex Ennii Historiâ sacrâ, quoted by Lactantius. Divin. Institut. vol. 1. c. 13. p. 59.
[642]Μεσσηνιον Ευημερον. Strabo. l. 1. p. 81.
[643]Clemens. Cohort. p. 11. Arnobius. l. 5.
[644]Διονυσον Μαινολον οργιασουσι Βακχοι, ωμοφαγιᾳ την ἱερομανιαν αγοντες, και τελισκουσι τας κρεονομιας των φονων ανεστεμμενοι τοις οφεσιν.Clemens Cohort. p. 11.
[645]Julius Firmicus. p. 14.
[646]Apollon. Rhod. l. 1. v. 636.
[647]Scholia Apollon. l. 1. v. 635.
[648]Porphyryπερι αποχης. l. 2. p. 224.
[649]Turricolas Lamias, Fauni quas Pompiliique
Instituere Numæ. Lactant. de falsâ Relig. l. 1. c. 22. p. 105.
[650]Homer Odyss. Κ. v. 81.
[651]Ibid. Κ. v. 120.
[652]Εν μερει τινι της χωρας (της Σικελιας) Κυκλωπες, και Λαιστρυγονες, οικησαι.Thucyd. l. 6. p. 378.
[653]Scholia. v. 956. Leon in Leontium is a translation of Lais (לוש) Leo: Bochart.
[654]Lycoph. above.
[655]Plutarch de Defect. Orac. vol. 1. p. 398.
Ἑτεροι δε φᾳσιν εκ Μαλιαιων αφικεσθαι Λαμιας θυγατερα Σιβυλλαν.Clem. Alex. Strom. l. 1. p. 358. Pausanias makes her the daughter of Jupiter and Lamia. l. 10. p. 825.
[656]Clemens Alex. l. 1. p. 358.
[657]See Diodorus. l. 20. p. 778. of the Lamia in Libya, and of her cavern.
[658]Euripides quoted ibid.
[659]Philostratus. Vita Apollon. l. 4. p. 183.
[660]Aristot. Ethic. l. 7. c. 6. p. 118. See Plutarchπερι πολυπραγμοσυνης, And Aristoph. Vespæ. Schol. v. 1030.
[661]Horace, l. 3. ode 17.
[662]Virgil Æn. l. 7. v. 1. See Servius.
[663]Strabo. l. 5. p. 357.Κολπον Καιατταν. κλ.
[664]Ibid. p. 356.
[665]Silius. l. 8.
[666]De Virgilianâ continentiâ. p. 762. Caiat signified a kind of whip, or thong, probably such was used at Caiate.
[667]Virgil. Æneid. l. 5. v. 873.
[668]See Nonnus. l. 19. p. 320.
[669]V. 653. See Natalis Comes.
[670]L. 4. v. 892.
[671]V. 1269.
[672]Odyss. l. Μ. v. 39.
[673]From Mr. Pope's translation.
[674]Callimachi Frag. 184. p. 510.
[675]Apollon. l. 4. v. 828. Scholia. She is said also to have been the daughter of Hecate and Phorcun. Ibid. The daughter of a Deity means the priestess. Phor-Cun signifies Ignis Dominus, the same as Hephastus.
[676]Herodotus. l. 7. c. 90.
[677]Κυρος ὁ ἡλιος.See Radicals. p. 48.
[678]Strabo. l. 14. p. 1002. the promontory was called CuriasΚυριας ακρα· ειτα πολις Κουριον.
[679]L. 4. c. 103.
[680]Virgil. Æneid. l. 8. v. 190.
[681]Livy. l. 1. c. 7.
[682]Plutarch. in Amatorio. vol. 2. p. 762.
[683]Lactantius de F. R. l. 1. c. 20. p. 90.
[684]Milton. l. 2. v. 579.
[685]Theoc. Idyl. 17. v. 47.
[686]Aristoph.Βατραχ.v. 474. So Cocytus is by Claudian described as the river of tears.