—— presso lacrymarum fonte reseditCocytos. De Rapt. Proserp. l. 1. v. 87.[687]He makes Metis the same as Athena. H. 31. l. 10.In another place Metis is styledπρωτος γενετωρ. Frag. 6. v. 19. p. 366.[688]Ibid. Fragm. 8. p. 373.[689]Eusebii. Chron. Log. p. 4. l. 42.[690]Ἱππαν κικλησκω Βακχου τροφον.Hymn. 48.[691]Hymn. 47. v. 4.[692]Orphic Frag. 43.Ἡ μεν γαρ Ἱππα του παντος ουσα ψυχη κτλ.Proclus. ibid. p. 401.[693]Among the Egyptians, the emblems of which they made use were arbitrary, and very different from the things to which they referred. An eagle, an ox, and a horse, were all used as symbols, but had no real connexion with the things alluded to, nor any the least likeness. The Grecians not considering this were always misled by the type; and never regarded the true history, which was veiled under it.[694]Ἱππεις.v. 548.[695]Pausan. l. 5. p. 414.[696]Ibid. l. 5. p. 416.[697]Hesych.Ἱππια.[698]Pausan. l. 8. p. 649.[699]Metam. l. 6. v. 117.[700]Ibid. l. 2. v. 668.[701]Virg. Georg. l. 3. v. 92.[702]Iliad. Β. v. 766. He also mentions the mares of Eresicthon, with which Boreas was supposed to have been enamoured.Ταων και Βορεης ηρασσετο βοσκομεναων,Ἱππῳ δ' εισαμενος παρελεξατο κυανοχαιτῃ.Ἁι δ' ὑποκυσσαμεναι ετεκον δυοκαιδεκα πωλους.Odyss. Υ. v. 224.[703]H. to Apollo. v. 47.[704]Strabo. l. 17. p. 1188.[705]Hesych.Ἱππειον.[706]Προϊουσι δε Ἱππου καλουμενον μνημα εστιν.—Κιονες δε ἑπτα, ὁι του μνηματος τουτου διεχουσιν ου πολυ, κατα τροπον οιμαι τον αρχαιον, ὁυς αστερων των Πλανητων φασιν αγαλματα.Pausan. l. 3. p. 262.[707]They included the moon among the primary planets; not being acquainted with any secondary.[708]See Steph. Byzant. and Cellarius.[709]Ovid. Deianira ad Hero. Epist.[710]Geog. Vet. vol. 2. v. 665. See also Diodorus. l. 4. p. 223. also Strabo Epitome. l. 7. p. 511.[711]See Radicals. p. 119.[712]The birds at the lake Stymphalus are described as feeding upon human flesh.Λογος Ορνιθας ποτε ανδροφαγους επ' αυτῳ τραφηναι.Pausan. l. 8. p. 610. The real history of the place was, that the birds called Stymphalides were a set of Canibal priests.[713]Glaucus, the son of Sisiphus is said to have been eaten by horses. Palæphatus. p. 58.[714]P. 54.[715]Metamorph. l. 8. v. 873.[716]Josephus calls Egypt Mestra. Antiq. l. 1. c. 6. §. 2. See Radicals, p. 8. Notes.[717]Ὁ πρωτος οικησας την Μεστραιαν χωραν, ητοι Αιγυπτον, Μεστραιμ.Euseb. Chron. p. 17.[718]Herodotus. l. 2 c. 55.[719]Ovid Metam. l. 5. v. 341. Most temples of old were courts of justice; and the priests were the judges, who there presided.Ælian. V. H. l. 14. c. 34.Δικασται το αρχαιον παρ' Αιγυπτιοις ὁι ἱερεις ησαν.[720]Oratio in Verrem. 5. Sect. ultima. vol. 3. p. 291.[721]Ceres is mentioned by Varro quasi Geres. l. 4. p. 18.[722]Hesychius.Αχειρω.[723]Repentur in poematiis antiquis, a Pithæo editis, carmen in laudem Solis; quod eum esse Liberum, et Cererem, et Jovem statuit. Huetius. Demonst. Evang. Prop. 4. p. 142.[724]Cœlius. Rhodog. l. 17. c. 27.[725]Varro speaks of Ceres, as if her name was originally Geres. l. 4. p. 18.[726]There was a place called Charisia in Arcadia. Pausan. l. 8. p. 603. Charesus, and Charesene, in Phrygia. Charis in Persis, and Parthia. See Treatise upon the Cyclopes.[727]Pausan. l. 9. p. 781. Nonnus. l. 29. p. 760.[728]Etymolog. Mag. and Suidas.[729]Χρησμολογοι μετειχον της εν τῳ Πρυτανειῳ σιτησεως.. Aristoph.Ειρηνη. Scholia, v. 1084.[730]L. 8. p. 6l6.[731]L. 5. p. 415.[732]Πρυτανεια τε εχουσα και Αρχοντας.Thucyd. l. 2. p. 107.[733]Το δε λυχνιον εν Πρυτανειῳ.Theocrit. Idyl. 21.[734]Suidas.[735]L. 2. p. 107. Others gave another reason.Πρυτανειον εκαλειτο, επειδη εκει εκαθηντο ὁι Πρυτανεις, ὁι των ὁλων πραγματων διοικηται.Ibid.[736]Julius Pollux. l. 1. c. 1. p. 7.[737]Πρυτανειον εστιν, εν ᾡ νομοι του Σολωνος εισι γεγραμμενοι.Pausan. l. 1. p. 41.[738]Plutarch in Solone. p. 92.[739]L. 41. p. 1152.[740]L. 8. p. 649. Mount Caucasus was denominated, as is supposed, from a shepherd Caucasus. The women, who officiated in the temple, were styled the daughters of Caucasus, and represented as Furies: by which was meant priestesses of fire.Caucasi filiæ Furiæ. See Epiphanius Anchorat. p. 90.[741]Lycophron. Scholia. v. 1225.Και Καλλιμαχος Εριννυν καλει Δημητρα.Ibid.Neptune is said to have lain with Ceres, when in the form of a Fury. Apollodorus. l. 3. p. 157. She is said from thence to have conceived the horse Areion.Lycophron alludes to her cruel rites, when he is speaking of Tantalus, and Pelops.Ὁυ παππον εν γαμφαισιν Ἑνναια ποτεΕρκυν' Εριννυς, θουρια, ξιφηφορος,Ασαρκα μιστυλλουσ' ετυμβευσεν ταφῳ.v. 152.][742]Herodotus. l. 7. c. 197.[743]L. 2 v. 288.[744]The Sirens and Harpies were persons of the same vocation, and of this the Scholiast upon Lycophron seems to have been apprised. See v. 653.[745]Harpya,Ἁρπυια, was certainly of old a name of a place. The town so called is mentioned to have been near Encheliæ in Illyria. Here was an Amonian Petra of Cadmus, and Harmonia.[746]Τιτυῳ εναλιγκιος ανηρ.Theocrit. Idyl. 22. v. 94.[747]Pausan. l. 1. p. 94.[748]Κερκυονis compounded of Ker-Cuon, and signifies the temple of the Deity.[749]L. 1. p. 94.[750]Ovid. Ibis. v. 411.[751]Anacharsis. vol. 2. p. 388.Γυμνασιον ὑφ' ἡμων ονομαζεται, και εστιν ἱερον Απολλωνος Λυκιου.[752]Και ὁ τοπος ὁυτος παλαιστρα και ες εμε εκαλειτο ολιγον που ταφουτηςΑλοπης απεχων.Pausan. l. 1. p. 94.That very antient temple of Pan on Mount Lycæum in Arcadia had a Gymnasium in a grove.Εστι εν τῳ Λυκαιῳ Πανος τε Ἱερον, και περι αυτο αλσος δενδρων, και Ἱπποδρομος τε, και προ αυτου σταδιον.Pausan. l. 8. p. 678.[753]I have mentioned, that Torone was a temple of the Sun, and alsoφλεγραια, by which was meant a place of fire, and a light-house. This is not merely theory: for the very tower may be seen upon coins, where it is represented as a Pharos with a blaze of fire at the top. See vol. 2. page 118.[754]Plutarch. Theseus, p. 6.[755]Chron. Logos. p. 31. He was also named Asterus, Asterion, and Asterius. Lycoph. v. 1299. Schol. and Etymolog. Mag. Minois. Asterius was represented as the son of Anac.Αστεριου του Ανακτος. Pausan. l. 7. p. 524.Ανδρειᾳ τους αποθανοντας ὑπο Θησεως ὑπερεβαλεν ὁ Αστεριων (ὁ Μινω)Pausan. l. 2. p. 183.[756]Pausan. l. 1. p. 94.[757]Diodorus explains farther the character of this personage,τον παλαιοντα τοις παριουσι, και τον ἡττηθεντα διαφθειροντα. l. 4 p. 226.[758]Diodorus Sic. l. 4. p. 225, and 233.[759]Ιδεως τον Ανταιον φησι των ΞΕΝΩΝ των ἡττημενων ΤΟΙΣ ΚΡΑΝΙΟΙΣ ερεφειν τον του Ποσειδωνος ναον.Pindar. Isth. Ode 4. Scholia. p. 458. See Diodorus concerning Antæusσυναναγκαζοντα τους ξενους διαπαλαιειν.l. 4. p. 233.[760]V. 866, and Scholia.[761]Diodorus Sic. l. 4. p. 263.[762]Hercules Furens. v. 391.[763]Pindar. Olymp. Ode 10. p. 97. Scholia. from the Cygnus of Stesichorus.[764]Euripides. Orestes. v. 1648. Schol. Lycaon was a Deity, and his priests were styled Lycaonidæ. He was the same as Jupiter Lycæus, and Lucetius: the same also as Apollo.[765]Pausan. l. 8. p. 600.[766]Odyss. l. Φ. v. 307.[767]Μνησομαι, ουδε λαθοιμι Απολλωνος Εκατοιο. Homer. Η. to Apollo. v. 1.Ευ ειδως αγορευε θεοπροπιας Ἑκατοιο.Iliad. Α. v. 385.Αρτεμις ιοχεαιρα, κασιγνητη Ἑκατοιο.Iliad. Υ. v. 71.[768]Odyss. Σ. v. 83.[769]Purchas. Pilg. vol. 5. p. 872. and Garcilasso della Vega. Rycaut. p. 403.[770]See Plutarch's life of Theseus. p. 3, 4. vol. 1.[771]V. 146.[772]Campio, Gladiator. Isidorus.[773]Vegetius. l. 2. c. 7.[774]Nonnus. l. 18. p. 500.[775]Eustathius on Dionysius. v. 357.[776]Diodorus Sicul. l. 1. p. 13, 14.[777]Ὁμοιως δε τους Ινδους τον θεον τουτον παρ' ἑαυτοις αποφανεσθαι γεγονεναι.Diod. Sic. l. 4. p. 210.[778]Diodorus. l. 1. p. 14.[779]Diodorus. l. 1. p. 17.[780]Ibid. p. 14. This city is also said to have been built by Hercules. Diodorus. l. 4. p. 225.[781]Primus aratra manusollertifecit Osiris,Et teneram ferro sollicitavit humum. Tibull. l. 1. El. 8. v. 29.[782]Ζυθος, εκ των κριθων πομα.Diodorus. l. 1. p. 37.[783]Βασιλευοντα δε Οσιριν Αιγυπτιους ευθυς απορου βιου και θηριωδους απαλλαξαι, καρπους τε δειξαντα, και νομους θεμενον αυτοις.Plut. Is. et Osir. p. 356.[784]Eusebius. Pr. Ev. l. 1. p. 44, 45.[785]Diodorus Sic. l. 1. p. 24.[786]Both the Patriarch, and his son Ham, had the name of Cronus, as may be learned from Sanchoniathon.Εγεννηθησαν δε και εν Παραιᾳ Κρονῳ τρεις παιδες, Κρονος ὁμωνυμος τῳ πατρι, κτλ.Euseb. Præp. l. 1. c. 10. p. 37.Paraia is the same as Pur-aia, the land of Ur; from whence the Gentile writers deduce all their mythology.[787]See Radicals. p. 42.[788]Ῥαγδαιων δε γενομενων ομβρων και πνευματων,—δενδρου λαβομενον τον Ουσωον, και αποκλαδευσαντα, πρωτον τολμησαι εις θαλασσαν εμβηναι.Euseb. Pr. Ev. l. 1. c. 10. p. 35.[789]Euseb. Chron. p. 7. l. 43.[790]Strabo. l. 17. p. 1168.[791]Τας Γοργονας επ' ωκεανον ουσας τον περι πολιν Ιβηριας την Ταρτησσον.Schol. in Lycophr. ad v. 838.[792][Atlas] Apex Perseo et Herculi pervius. Solin. c. 24.[793]Andromedam Perseus nigris portârit ab Indis. Ovid. Art. Amand. l. 1. v. 53.[794]Pausan. l. 4. p. 370.[795]Pliny mentions these bones being brought from Joppa to Rome in the ædileship of M. Scaurus; longitudine pedum 40, altitudine costarum Indicos elephantos excedente, spinæ crassitudine sesquipedali. l. 9. c. 5.[796]Deseritur Taurique jugum, Perseaque Tarsus. Lucan. l. 3. v. 225. See Solin. c. 38.[797]Perseam quoque plantam —— a Perseo Memphi satam. Plin. l. 15. c. 13.Of Perseus in Cilicia, see Chron. Pasch. p. 39.[798]Pindar. Pyth. Od. 10. v. 49 and 70.Εις το των Μακαρων ανδρων εθνος.Schol. in v. 70.[799]Virgil. Æn. l. 7. v. 409.Ardea a Danae Persei matre condita. Plin. Hist. Nat l. 3. p. 152.[800]Servius in Virgil. Æn. l. 8.[801]Diodorus Sic. l. 1. p. 21.[802]Ibidem.[803]Herodotus. l. 6. c. 54. See Chron. Paschale. p. 38.Some make him a Colchian.Ἡλιῳ γαρ φησιν ὑιους γενεσθαι δυο εν τοις τοποις εκεινοις, ὁις ονοματα ην Περσευς και Αιητης· τουτους δεκατασχεσιντην χωραν· και Αιητην μεν Κολχους και Μαιωτας, Περσεα δε Ταυρικης Βασιλευσαι.Schol. in Apollon. Argonautic. l. 3. v. 199.[804]Ἡ δε Περσου γυνη Αστερια παις ην Κοιου και Φοιβης· ὁι Κοιος δε και Φοιβη ΟΥΡΑΝΟΥ παιδες.Schol. in Lycophron. v. 1175.[805]Natalis Comes. l. 7. c. 18.[806]Schol. in Lycophr. v 18.Lycophr. v. 17.Τον χρυσοπατρον μορφνον—τον Περσεα.Schol. in Lycophr. v. 838.[807]Εγγυς της Νεης πολιος. He is said to have introduced here Gymnic exercises. Herodot. l. 2. c. 91. And to have often appeared personally to the priests. Herodot. ibid.Herodotus of the Dorians. l. 6. c. 54.[808]Εν λαρνακι ξυλινῳ. Schol. in Lycophr. v. 838.Εν κιβωτῳ τινι. Chron. Pasch. p. 38. from Euripides.The father of Danaeενειρξας αυτην εις την Κιβωτον μετα του ΠΑΙΔΟΣ καθηκεν εις το πελαγος.Schol. in Pind. Pyth. Od. 10. v. 72.[809]All salutary streams were consecrated to the Sun. There were some waters of this nature near Carthage, which were named Aquæ Persianæ. See Apuleii Florida. c. 16. p. 795, and p. 801. They were so named from Perez, the Sun, to whom they were sacred.[810]Ovid. Trist. l. 1. eleg. 3. v. 48. See Natalis Comes. l. 7. c. 18.[811]Polyb. l. 5. p. 389.[812]Plin. Hist. Nat. l. 6. c. 16. See Q. Curtius, and Strabo.[813]Parrhasii in Hyrcania. Strabo. l. 11. p. 775.[814]Plin. Hist. Nat. l. 2. c. 98.[815]Of Parrhasians in Arcadia. Strabo. l. 8. p. 595. See Plin. Hist. Nat. l. 4. c. 6.Ὑιος Δινυττα Δαμαρχος την δ' ανεθηκενΕικον', απ' Αρκαδιας Παῤῥασιος γενεαν.Pausan. l. 6. p. 471. See also l. 8. p. 654.[816]Plato in Alcibiad. vol. 2. p. 120.[817]Herodot. l. 7. c. 150.[818]Statii Theb. l. 1. v. 717.[819]Diodorus Sicul. l. 3. p. 185.[820]Πολλαις γενεαις προτερον των Τρωικων.Ibid.[821]Της Λιβυης εν τοις προς ἑσπεραν μερεσιν επι του περατος της οικουμενης.Diodorus Sic. l. 3. p. 186.She likewise was in possession of theνησοι ευδαιμονες, or Islands of the blessed, which lay opposite to her dominions in Africa.[822]Writers mention that she raised over the slain three large mounds of earth, which were calledταφοι Αμαζωνων, the tombs of the Amazons. This shews that the Gorgons and Amazons were the same people, however separated, and represented in a state of warfare.[823]Iliad Β. v. 811.Μυρινα· ονομα κυριον Αμαζονος.Scholia ibid.[824]Diodorus Sicul. l. 4. p. 216, 217, 225, 227, &c. See also Justin. l. 44. c. 4. and Apollodorus. l. 2. p. 100.Hercules of Tyre was said to have been the Son of Athamas, the same as Palæmon.[825]Ludovicus Nonnius in Hispania. p. 196, 170.[826]Diodorus Sicul. l. 4. p. 227.Corunna the same as Kir-Ona.Many Amonian cities of similar analogy to Alesia.[827]Diodorus, above.[828]Χρυσα μηλα—προβατα.Schol. in Apollon. Argonaut. l. 4. v. 1396.εξ Αγροιτου εν γ' Λιβυκων.[829]Τον Ἡρακλεα, συμμαχουντων αυτῳ των θεων, κρατησαι τῃ μαχῃ, και τους πλειστους ανελοντα την χωραν ηξημερωσαι.Diodorus Sicul. l. 4. p. 229. Strabo. l. 5. p. 376. and l. 6. p. 430.[830]Strabo. l. 15. p. 1007. and l. 11. p. 771. Diodorus Sic. l. 2. p. 124.[831]Arrian. Hist. Indica. p. 321.[832]Herod. l. 4. c. 9. Aristid. Orat. v. 1. p. 85.[833]Ovid. Metam. l. 11. v. 218.[834]Poculo Herculem vectum ad Erytheiam. Macrob. Sat. l. 5. c. 21. Apollodorus. l. 2. p. 100. Schol. Apollon. Argonaut. l. 4. v. 1396. from Pherecydes Syrus; and from the Libyca of Agroitas.Λαβων χρυσουν δεπας παρ' Ἡλιου—δια του ωκεανου πλειν.[835]Strabo. l. 3. p. 237. He was supposed to have been the founder of Tartossus, where he was worshipped under the name of Archaleus. Etymolog. Mag.Γαδαρα.[836]Syncellus. p. 171.[837]Pomponius Mela. l. 3. c. 6.[838]Athenæus. l. 12. c. 512.[839]Strabo. l. 15. p. 1009.Πλασμα των Ἡρακλειαν ποιουντων.[840]Nat. Deorum. l. 3. c. 16.[841]Arrian speaks of this Indian Hercules, together with the others mentioned by Cicero.Ει δε τῳ πιστα ταυτα, αλλος αν ουτος Ἡρακλεης ειη, ουχ ὁ Θηβαιος, η ὁ Τυριος ὁυτος, η ὁ Αιγυπτιος, η τις και κατα ανω χωρην ου ποῤῥω της Ινδων γης ῳκισμενην μεγας βασιλευς.Hist. Ind. p. 319. Varro mentions forty of this name, who were all reputed Deities.[842]See Ludovicus Nonnius, in Hispan. p. 196, 170.[843]See Audigier Origines des François. part. 1. p. 225, 230.[844]Mela. l. 2. c. 5. l. 30.[845]Petronius. p. 179. Est locus Herculeis aris sacer.[846]He was worshipped by the Suraceni, a particular Indian nation, who styled himΓηγενης, or the Man of the Earth. Arrian. Hist. Indic. p. 321.[847]Hercules apud Celtas. See Voss. de Idolat. l. 1. c. 35. l. 2. c. 15.[848]Eumenius in Orat. pro Scholis instaurandis. See Lilius Gyraldus, Synt. 10. p. 330.[849]Suetonius in Augusto. c. 29. Livy. l. 40. c. 51.[850]Johan. Sambuci Emblemata.[851]He was the same as Osiris, the Sun.Τον εν πασι και δια παντων Ἡλιον.Macrob. Saturn. l. 1. c. 20. p. 207. See Porphyry apud Euseb. Præp. Evang. l. 3. p. 112.[852]See Lilius Gyraldus Syntag. 10. p. 592. Pausanias expresses the nameΑιχμαγορας. l. 8. p. 624.[853]Lilius Gyrald p. 595.[854]In the following extracts we may see the character of this Deity among different nations.Ἡρακλεα δε ὁντινα ες Ινδους αφικεσθαι λογος κατεχει παρ' αυτοισιν Ινδοισιν Γηγενεα λεγεσθαι· τουτον τοι Ἡρακλεα μαλιστα προς Συρασηνων γεραιρεσθαι, Ινδικου εθνους.Arrian. Hist. Ind. p. 321.Αλλα τις αρχαιος εστι θεος Αιγυπτιοισι Ἡρακλεης· ὡς δε αυτοι λεγουσι ετεα εστι επτακισχιλια και μερια ες Αμασιν βασιλευσαντα.Herod. l. 2. c. 43.Αλλ' ισμεν Αιγυπτιους, ὁσον τινα αγουσιν Ἡρακλεα, και Τυριους, ὁτι πρωτον σεβουσι Θεων.Aristid. Orat. v. 1. p. 59. He had at Tyre a Temple, as old as the city.Εφασαν γαρ ἁμα Τυρῳ οικιζομενῃ και το Ἱερον του θεου ἱδρυνθηναι.Herod. l. 2. c. 44.Εστι γαρ εν Τυρῳ Ἱερον Ἡρακλεους παλαιοτατον, ὡν μνημῃ ανθρωπινῃ διασωσεται· ου του ΑργειουἩρακλεους. κ. λ.Arrian. Expedit. Alex. p. 88.[855]Diodorus Sic. l. 3. p. 195. 196. and p. 200.[856]Διονυσου απογονους Οξυδρακας.Strabo. l. 15. p. 1008. The Tyrians laid the same claim to him.Τον Διονυσον Τυριοι νομιζουσιν ἑαυτων ειναι.Achill. Tatius. l. 2. p. 67. So did likewise the Cretans, and the people of Naxos. Some of the Libyans maintained, that he was educated in the grotto of the Nymphs upon the river Triton. Diodor. Sic. l. 3. p. 202. 203. Concerning Dionusus the benefactor, see Arrian. Hist. Ind. p. 321.Of his coming to India from the west. Philostratus. l. 2. p. 64.Επηλυτον αυτον Ασσυριον.[857]Of his travels, see Strabo. l. 15. p. 1008.[858]Τον δ' ουν Διονυσον, επελθοντα μετα στρατοπεδου πασαν την οικουμενην, διδαξαι την φυτειαν του αμπελου.Diodor. Sic. l. 3. p. 197.Και προ Αλεξανδρου, Διονυσου περι πολλος λογος κατεχει, ὡς και τουτου στρατευσαντος ες Ινδους.Arrian. Hist. Indic. p. 318.[859]Diodorus. l. 3. p. 204.[860]Ινδους και Τυῤῥηνους λεγουσιν, ὡς κατεστρεψατο (Διονυσος).Aristid. Orat. in Dionus. p. 54.[861]Cic. de Nat. Deor. l. 3. c. 23. Of the various places of his birth, see Diodorus Sic. l. 3. p. 200.[862]Linus, Orpheus, Panopides, Thymætes, and Dionysius Milesius, Diodorus Sic. l. 3. p. 201.[863]It was a common subject for Elegy. Plutarch. Isis et Osir.Ποιησομεθα δε την αρχην απο Διονυσου, διο και παλαιον ειναι σφοδρα τουτον, και μεγισταις ευεργεσιαις κατατεθεισθαι τῳ γενει των ανθρωπων.Diodorus Sicul. l. 4. p. 210.Λινον φασι τοις Πελασγικοις γραμμασι συνταξαμενον τας του πρωτου Διονυσου πραξεις.Diodorus Sic. l. 3. p. 201.[864]L. 4. p. 210.Τον Οσιριν Διονυσον ειναι λεγουσιν.Herodot. l. 2. c. 42. c. 145.[865]The Indians gave the same account of Dionusus, as the Egyptians did of Osiris.Πολιας τε οικησαι (Διονυσον) και νομους θεσθαι τῃσι πολεσιν, οινου τε δοτηρα Ινδοις γενεσθαι·—και σπειρειν διδαξαι την γην, διδοντα αυτον σπερματα·—βοας τε ὑπ' αροτρῳ ζευξαι Διονυσον πρωτον·—και θεους σεβειν ὁτι εδιδαξε Διονυσος—κτλ.Arrian. Hist. Indic. p. 321.[866]Pausan. l. 3. p. 272. As his rites came originally from Chaldea, and the land of Ur, he is in consequence of it often styledΠυριγενης, αμδ Πυρισπορος·Strabo. l. 13. p. 932.Ελθε, μακαρ Διονυσε, ΠYΡΙΣΠΟΡΕ, ταυρομετωπε.Orphic. Hymn. 44. v. 1.[867]There was a cavern, where they supposed him to be buried, at Delphi,παρα χρυσεῳ Απολλωνι.Cyril contra Jul. p. 342.[868]Κρονος περιεων την οικουμενην.Sanchoniath. apud Euseb. Præp. Evang. l. 1. c. 10. p. 38.[869]Τον μεν ουν Κρονον οντα πρεσβυτατον βασιλεα γενεσθαι· και τους καθ' ἑαυτον ανθρωπους εξ αγριου διαιτης εις βιον ἡμερον μεταστησαι, και δια τουτο αποδοχης μεγαλης τυχοντα πολλους επελθειν της οικουμενης τοπους· εισηγησασθαι δε πασι την τε δικαιοσυνην και την ἁπλοτητα της ψυχης.Diodorus Sicul. l. 5. p. 334.[870]Ουρανον—τους ανθρωπους σποραδην οικουντας συναγαγειν εις πολεως περιβολον, και της μεν ανομιας και θηριωδους βιου παυσαι—κατακτησασθαι δε αυτον της οικουμενης την πλειστην.Ibid. l. 3. p. 1*9.[871]Απολλωνα μετα Θεμιδος, ωφελησαι βουλομενον το γενος ἡμων· ειτα την ωφελειαν ειπων, ὁτι εις ἡμεροτητα προυκαλειτο.Strabo. l. 9. p. 646.[872]Καθ' ὁν χρονον Απολλωνα την γην επιοντα ἡμερουν τους ανθρωπους απο τε των ανημερων καρπων και βιων.Ibid.[873]Diodorus Sicul. l. 3. p. 195.The wanderings of Isis and Iona relate to the same history: as do likewise those of Cadmus.[874]Eusebii Chron. p. 7. l. 37.[875]Θουλις. Ὁυτος εβασιλευσε πασης Αιγυπτου, και ἑως ωκεανου· και μιαν των εν αυτῳ νησων εκαλεσεν απο του ιδιου ονοματος Θουλην.Suidas.[876]Μετα Οσιριν εβασιλευσεν Ορος· και μετα τον Ορον εβασιλευσε Θουλις, ὁστις παρελαβε μετα δυναμεως τινος πασαν την γην ἑως του ωκεανου.Chron. Pasch. p. 46.He is mentioned by Cedrenus.Θουλης, ὁς και ἑως του ωκεανου πυσαν την γην παρειληφεν.p. 20.[877]Diodorus Sicul. l. 1. p. 49.[878]See Apollon. Argonaut. l. 4. v. 277. and Herodot. l. 2. c. 102.Syncellus. p. 59, 60[879]Diodorus Sic. above. He was near losing his whole army.[880]Την δε χωραν ὁπλοις κατεστρεψατο τοις ἑαυτου Βασιλευς Βασιλεων, και Δεσποτης Δεσποτων Σεσοωσις.Diodor. Sicul. ibid.[881]He passed through all Ethiopia to the Cinnamon country. Strabo. l. 17. p. 1138. This must be Indica Ethiopia, and the island Seran-Dive. Hence came Cinnamon: here wereστηλαι και επιγραφαι.Venit ad occasum, mundique extrema Sesostris. Lucan. l. 10. v. 276[882]Σεσωστρις ετη μη, ὁς ἁπασαν εχειρωσατο την Ασιαν εν ενιαυτοις εννεα.Syncellus. p. 59.Some make him advance farther, and conquer all Europe:ὁμοιως ὑπεταξε και την Ασιαν πασαν, και ΤΗΝ ΕΥΡΟΠΗΝ, και την Σκυθιαν, και την Μυσιαν.Chron. Pasch. p. 47. Herodotus thinks he did not proceed farther than Thrace. l. 2. c. 103.[883]Diodorus Sicul. l. 1. p. 49.[884]Of all the great actions of Sesostris, see Marsham. Can. Chron. sec. 14. p. 354.[885]Περι δε τουτων το μεν αληθες εκθεσθαι μετ' ακριβειας ου ῥαδιον.Diodorus Sicul. L. 1. p. 52.[886]Sir John Marsham's Can. Chron. sec. 14. p. 354.Sir Isaac Newton's Chronology, p. 217.[887]1 Kings. c. 14. v. 25, 26.And it came to pass, that in the fifth year of king Rehoboam Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem (because they had transgressed against the Lord); with twelve hundred chariots, and threescore thousand horsemen; and the people were without number, that came with him out of Egypt; the Lubims, the Sukkiims, and the Ethiopians.2 Chron. c. 12. v. 2, 3.[888]Παραλαβῳν δε Σουσακος αμαχητι την πολιν. Joseph. Antiq. l. 8. c. 10.[889]Sethosis of Josephus contra Apion. l. 1. p. 447.[890]Euseb. Chron. p. 7. l. 43.Θουλης· μετα δε τουτον Σεσωστρις.[891]Σεσογχωσις, Αιγυπτου πασης βασιλευς μετα Ωρον της Ισιδος και Οσιριδος παιδα, την μεν Ασιαν ὁρμησας πασαν κατεστρεψατο, ὁμοιως δε τα πλειστα της Ευρωπης. Θεοπομπος δε εν τριτῳ Σεσωστριν αυτον καλει.Schol. in Apollon. Argonaut. l. 4. v. 272.[892]Δικαιαρχος εν πρωτῳ, μετα τον Ισιδος και Οσιριδος Ωρον, βασιλεα γεγονεναι Σεσογχωσιν λεγει· ὡστε γενεσθαι απο της Σεσογχωσιδος βασιλειας μεχρι της Νειλου ετη δισχιλια.Schol. in Apollon. Argonaut. ibid.[893]Cedrenus. v. 1. p. 20. Osiris, Orus, Thoules, Sesostris.[894]Succeeded byΦαραω.Chron. Pasch. p. 48.[895]Joannes Antiochenus has borrowed the same history, and calls this king Sostris.Εβασιλευσεν Αιγυπτιων πρωτος εκ της φυλης του Χαμ Σωστρις.p. 23. He adds, that Sostris, or Sesostris, lived in the time of Hermes,Ἑρμης ὁ τρισμεγιστος Αιγυπτιος.He was succeeded by Pharaoh,πρωτος, the first of the name. Ibid. Herodotus calls him Pheron, and Pherona. l. 2. c. 111.[896]Πολυ ὑπερτεινει τοις χρονοις την Μινω βασιλειαν ἡ Σεσωστριος.Politic. l. 7. c. 10.[897]Apollon. Argonaut. l. 4. v. 272.Ενθεν δη τινα φασι—Σεσογχωσις, Αιγυπτου πασης βασιλευς—Θεοπομπος δε εν τριτῳ Σεσωστριν αυτον καλει.Schol. ibid.Περι δε των χρονων, καθ' ὁυς εγενετο Σεσογχωσις, ὁ μεν Απολλωνιος τουτο μονον φησι, πολυς γαρ αδην απενηνοθεν αιων.Schol. ibid.
—— presso lacrymarum fonte reseditCocytos. De Rapt. Proserp. l. 1. v. 87.
—— presso lacrymarum fonte reseditCocytos. De Rapt. Proserp. l. 1. v. 87.
—— presso lacrymarum fonte resedit
Cocytos. De Rapt. Proserp. l. 1. v. 87.
[687]He makes Metis the same as Athena. H. 31. l. 10.
In another place Metis is styledπρωτος γενετωρ. Frag. 6. v. 19. p. 366.
[688]Ibid. Fragm. 8. p. 373.
[689]Eusebii. Chron. Log. p. 4. l. 42.
[690]Ἱππαν κικλησκω Βακχου τροφον.Hymn. 48.
[691]Hymn. 47. v. 4.
[692]Orphic Frag. 43.Ἡ μεν γαρ Ἱππα του παντος ουσα ψυχη κτλ.Proclus. ibid. p. 401.
[693]Among the Egyptians, the emblems of which they made use were arbitrary, and very different from the things to which they referred. An eagle, an ox, and a horse, were all used as symbols, but had no real connexion with the things alluded to, nor any the least likeness. The Grecians not considering this were always misled by the type; and never regarded the true history, which was veiled under it.
[694]Ἱππεις.v. 548.
[695]Pausan. l. 5. p. 414.
[696]Ibid. l. 5. p. 416.
[697]Hesych.Ἱππια.
[698]Pausan. l. 8. p. 649.
[699]Metam. l. 6. v. 117.
[700]Ibid. l. 2. v. 668.
[701]Virg. Georg. l. 3. v. 92.
[702]Iliad. Β. v. 766. He also mentions the mares of Eresicthon, with which Boreas was supposed to have been enamoured.
Ταων και Βορεης ηρασσετο βοσκομεναων,Ἱππῳ δ' εισαμενος παρελεξατο κυανοχαιτῃ.Ἁι δ' ὑποκυσσαμεναι ετεκον δυοκαιδεκα πωλους.Odyss. Υ. v. 224.
Ταων και Βορεης ηρασσετο βοσκομεναων,Ἱππῳ δ' εισαμενος παρελεξατο κυανοχαιτῃ.Ἁι δ' ὑποκυσσαμεναι ετεκον δυοκαιδεκα πωλους.Odyss. Υ. v. 224.
Ταων και Βορεης ηρασσετο βοσκομεναων,
Ἱππῳ δ' εισαμενος παρελεξατο κυανοχαιτῃ.
Ἁι δ' ὑποκυσσαμεναι ετεκον δυοκαιδεκα πωλους.Odyss. Υ. v. 224.
[703]H. to Apollo. v. 47.
[704]Strabo. l. 17. p. 1188.
[705]Hesych.Ἱππειον.
[706]Προϊουσι δε Ἱππου καλουμενον μνημα εστιν.—Κιονες δε ἑπτα, ὁι του μνηματος τουτου διεχουσιν ου πολυ, κατα τροπον οιμαι τον αρχαιον, ὁυς αστερων των Πλανητων φασιν αγαλματα.Pausan. l. 3. p. 262.
[707]They included the moon among the primary planets; not being acquainted with any secondary.
[708]See Steph. Byzant. and Cellarius.
[709]Ovid. Deianira ad Hero. Epist.
[710]Geog. Vet. vol. 2. v. 665. See also Diodorus. l. 4. p. 223. also Strabo Epitome. l. 7. p. 511.
[711]See Radicals. p. 119.
[712]The birds at the lake Stymphalus are described as feeding upon human flesh.Λογος Ορνιθας ποτε ανδροφαγους επ' αυτῳ τραφηναι.Pausan. l. 8. p. 610. The real history of the place was, that the birds called Stymphalides were a set of Canibal priests.
[713]Glaucus, the son of Sisiphus is said to have been eaten by horses. Palæphatus. p. 58.
[714]P. 54.
[715]Metamorph. l. 8. v. 873.
[716]Josephus calls Egypt Mestra. Antiq. l. 1. c. 6. §. 2. See Radicals, p. 8. Notes.
[717]Ὁ πρωτος οικησας την Μεστραιαν χωραν, ητοι Αιγυπτον, Μεστραιμ.Euseb. Chron. p. 17.
[718]Herodotus. l. 2 c. 55.
[719]Ovid Metam. l. 5. v. 341. Most temples of old were courts of justice; and the priests were the judges, who there presided.
Ælian. V. H. l. 14. c. 34.Δικασται το αρχαιον παρ' Αιγυπτιοις ὁι ἱερεις ησαν.
[720]Oratio in Verrem. 5. Sect. ultima. vol. 3. p. 291.
[721]Ceres is mentioned by Varro quasi Geres. l. 4. p. 18.
[722]Hesychius.Αχειρω.
[723]Repentur in poematiis antiquis, a Pithæo editis, carmen in laudem Solis; quod eum esse Liberum, et Cererem, et Jovem statuit. Huetius. Demonst. Evang. Prop. 4. p. 142.
[724]Cœlius. Rhodog. l. 17. c. 27.
[725]Varro speaks of Ceres, as if her name was originally Geres. l. 4. p. 18.
[726]There was a place called Charisia in Arcadia. Pausan. l. 8. p. 603. Charesus, and Charesene, in Phrygia. Charis in Persis, and Parthia. See Treatise upon the Cyclopes.
[727]Pausan. l. 9. p. 781. Nonnus. l. 29. p. 760.
[728]Etymolog. Mag. and Suidas.
[729]Χρησμολογοι μετειχον της εν τῳ Πρυτανειῳ σιτησεως.. Aristoph.Ειρηνη. Scholia, v. 1084.
[730]L. 8. p. 6l6.
[731]L. 5. p. 415.
[732]Πρυτανεια τε εχουσα και Αρχοντας.Thucyd. l. 2. p. 107.
[733]Το δε λυχνιον εν Πρυτανειῳ.Theocrit. Idyl. 21.
[734]Suidas.
[735]L. 2. p. 107. Others gave another reason.Πρυτανειον εκαλειτο, επειδη εκει εκαθηντο ὁι Πρυτανεις, ὁι των ὁλων πραγματων διοικηται.Ibid.
[736]Julius Pollux. l. 1. c. 1. p. 7.
[737]Πρυτανειον εστιν, εν ᾡ νομοι του Σολωνος εισι γεγραμμενοι.Pausan. l. 1. p. 41.
[738]Plutarch in Solone. p. 92.
[739]L. 41. p. 1152.
[740]L. 8. p. 649. Mount Caucasus was denominated, as is supposed, from a shepherd Caucasus. The women, who officiated in the temple, were styled the daughters of Caucasus, and represented as Furies: by which was meant priestesses of fire.
Caucasi filiæ Furiæ. See Epiphanius Anchorat. p. 90.
[741]Lycophron. Scholia. v. 1225.Και Καλλιμαχος Εριννυν καλει Δημητρα.Ibid.
Neptune is said to have lain with Ceres, when in the form of a Fury. Apollodorus. l. 3. p. 157. She is said from thence to have conceived the horse Areion.
Lycophron alludes to her cruel rites, when he is speaking of Tantalus, and Pelops.
Ὁυ παππον εν γαμφαισιν Ἑνναια ποτεΕρκυν' Εριννυς, θουρια, ξιφηφορος,Ασαρκα μιστυλλουσ' ετυμβευσεν ταφῳ.v. 152.]
Ὁυ παππον εν γαμφαισιν Ἑνναια ποτεΕρκυν' Εριννυς, θουρια, ξιφηφορος,Ασαρκα μιστυλλουσ' ετυμβευσεν ταφῳ.v. 152.]
Ὁυ παππον εν γαμφαισιν Ἑνναια ποτε
Ερκυν' Εριννυς, θουρια, ξιφηφορος,
Ασαρκα μιστυλλουσ' ετυμβευσεν ταφῳ.v. 152.]
[742]Herodotus. l. 7. c. 197.
[743]L. 2 v. 288.
[744]The Sirens and Harpies were persons of the same vocation, and of this the Scholiast upon Lycophron seems to have been apprised. See v. 653.
[745]Harpya,Ἁρπυια, was certainly of old a name of a place. The town so called is mentioned to have been near Encheliæ in Illyria. Here was an Amonian Petra of Cadmus, and Harmonia.
[746]Τιτυῳ εναλιγκιος ανηρ.Theocrit. Idyl. 22. v. 94.
[747]Pausan. l. 1. p. 94.
[748]Κερκυονis compounded of Ker-Cuon, and signifies the temple of the Deity.
[749]L. 1. p. 94.
[750]Ovid. Ibis. v. 411.
[751]Anacharsis. vol. 2. p. 388.Γυμνασιον ὑφ' ἡμων ονομαζεται, και εστιν ἱερον Απολλωνος Λυκιου.
[752]Και ὁ τοπος ὁυτος παλαιστρα και ες εμε εκαλειτο ολιγον που ταφουτηςΑλοπης απεχων.Pausan. l. 1. p. 94.
That very antient temple of Pan on Mount Lycæum in Arcadia had a Gymnasium in a grove.Εστι εν τῳ Λυκαιῳ Πανος τε Ἱερον, και περι αυτο αλσος δενδρων, και Ἱπποδρομος τε, και προ αυτου σταδιον.Pausan. l. 8. p. 678.
[753]I have mentioned, that Torone was a temple of the Sun, and alsoφλεγραια, by which was meant a place of fire, and a light-house. This is not merely theory: for the very tower may be seen upon coins, where it is represented as a Pharos with a blaze of fire at the top. See vol. 2. page 118.
[754]Plutarch. Theseus, p. 6.
[755]Chron. Logos. p. 31. He was also named Asterus, Asterion, and Asterius. Lycoph. v. 1299. Schol. and Etymolog. Mag. Minois. Asterius was represented as the son of Anac.Αστεριου του Ανακτος. Pausan. l. 7. p. 524.Ανδρειᾳ τους αποθανοντας ὑπο Θησεως ὑπερεβαλεν ὁ Αστεριων (ὁ Μινω)Pausan. l. 2. p. 183.
[756]Pausan. l. 1. p. 94.
[757]Diodorus explains farther the character of this personage,τον παλαιοντα τοις παριουσι, και τον ἡττηθεντα διαφθειροντα. l. 4 p. 226.
[758]Diodorus Sic. l. 4. p. 225, and 233.
[759]Ιδεως τον Ανταιον φησι των ΞΕΝΩΝ των ἡττημενων ΤΟΙΣ ΚΡΑΝΙΟΙΣ ερεφειν τον του Ποσειδωνος ναον.Pindar. Isth. Ode 4. Scholia. p. 458. See Diodorus concerning Antæusσυναναγκαζοντα τους ξενους διαπαλαιειν.l. 4. p. 233.
[760]V. 866, and Scholia.
[761]Diodorus Sic. l. 4. p. 263.
[762]Hercules Furens. v. 391.
[763]Pindar. Olymp. Ode 10. p. 97. Scholia. from the Cygnus of Stesichorus.
[764]Euripides. Orestes. v. 1648. Schol. Lycaon was a Deity, and his priests were styled Lycaonidæ. He was the same as Jupiter Lycæus, and Lucetius: the same also as Apollo.
[765]Pausan. l. 8. p. 600.
[766]Odyss. l. Φ. v. 307.
[767]Μνησομαι, ουδε λαθοιμι Απολλωνος Εκατοιο. Homer. Η. to Apollo. v. 1.
Ευ ειδως αγορευε θεοπροπιας Ἑκατοιο.Iliad. Α. v. 385.
Αρτεμις ιοχεαιρα, κασιγνητη Ἑκατοιο.Iliad. Υ. v. 71.
[768]Odyss. Σ. v. 83.
[769]Purchas. Pilg. vol. 5. p. 872. and Garcilasso della Vega. Rycaut. p. 403.
[770]See Plutarch's life of Theseus. p. 3, 4. vol. 1.
[771]V. 146.
[772]Campio, Gladiator. Isidorus.
[773]Vegetius. l. 2. c. 7.
[774]Nonnus. l. 18. p. 500.
[775]Eustathius on Dionysius. v. 357.
[776]Diodorus Sicul. l. 1. p. 13, 14.
[777]Ὁμοιως δε τους Ινδους τον θεον τουτον παρ' ἑαυτοις αποφανεσθαι γεγονεναι.Diod. Sic. l. 4. p. 210.
[778]Diodorus. l. 1. p. 14.
[779]Diodorus. l. 1. p. 17.
[780]Ibid. p. 14. This city is also said to have been built by Hercules. Diodorus. l. 4. p. 225.
[781]
Primus aratra manusollertifecit Osiris,Et teneram ferro sollicitavit humum. Tibull. l. 1. El. 8. v. 29.
Primus aratra manusollertifecit Osiris,Et teneram ferro sollicitavit humum. Tibull. l. 1. El. 8. v. 29.
Primus aratra manusollertifecit Osiris,
Et teneram ferro sollicitavit humum. Tibull. l. 1. El. 8. v. 29.
[782]Ζυθος, εκ των κριθων πομα.Diodorus. l. 1. p. 37.
[783]Βασιλευοντα δε Οσιριν Αιγυπτιους ευθυς απορου βιου και θηριωδους απαλλαξαι, καρπους τε δειξαντα, και νομους θεμενον αυτοις.Plut. Is. et Osir. p. 356.
[784]Eusebius. Pr. Ev. l. 1. p. 44, 45.
[785]Diodorus Sic. l. 1. p. 24.
[786]Both the Patriarch, and his son Ham, had the name of Cronus, as may be learned from Sanchoniathon.Εγεννηθησαν δε και εν Παραιᾳ Κρονῳ τρεις παιδες, Κρονος ὁμωνυμος τῳ πατρι, κτλ.Euseb. Præp. l. 1. c. 10. p. 37.
Paraia is the same as Pur-aia, the land of Ur; from whence the Gentile writers deduce all their mythology.
[787]See Radicals. p. 42.
[788]Ῥαγδαιων δε γενομενων ομβρων και πνευματων,—δενδρου λαβομενον τον Ουσωον, και αποκλαδευσαντα, πρωτον τολμησαι εις θαλασσαν εμβηναι.Euseb. Pr. Ev. l. 1. c. 10. p. 35.
[789]Euseb. Chron. p. 7. l. 43.
[790]Strabo. l. 17. p. 1168.
[791]Τας Γοργονας επ' ωκεανον ουσας τον περι πολιν Ιβηριας την Ταρτησσον.Schol. in Lycophr. ad v. 838.
[792][Atlas] Apex Perseo et Herculi pervius. Solin. c. 24.
[793]Andromedam Perseus nigris portârit ab Indis. Ovid. Art. Amand. l. 1. v. 53.
[794]Pausan. l. 4. p. 370.
[795]Pliny mentions these bones being brought from Joppa to Rome in the ædileship of M. Scaurus; longitudine pedum 40, altitudine costarum Indicos elephantos excedente, spinæ crassitudine sesquipedali. l. 9. c. 5.
[796]Deseritur Taurique jugum, Perseaque Tarsus. Lucan. l. 3. v. 225. See Solin. c. 38.
[797]Perseam quoque plantam —— a Perseo Memphi satam. Plin. l. 15. c. 13.
Of Perseus in Cilicia, see Chron. Pasch. p. 39.
[798]Pindar. Pyth. Od. 10. v. 49 and 70.Εις το των Μακαρων ανδρων εθνος.Schol. in v. 70.
[799]Virgil. Æn. l. 7. v. 409.
Ardea a Danae Persei matre condita. Plin. Hist. Nat l. 3. p. 152.
[800]Servius in Virgil. Æn. l. 8.
[801]Diodorus Sic. l. 1. p. 21.
[802]Ibidem.
[803]Herodotus. l. 6. c. 54. See Chron. Paschale. p. 38.
Some make him a Colchian.Ἡλιῳ γαρ φησιν ὑιους γενεσθαι δυο εν τοις τοποις εκεινοις, ὁις ονοματα ην Περσευς και Αιητης· τουτους δεκατασχεσιντην χωραν· και Αιητην μεν Κολχους και Μαιωτας, Περσεα δε Ταυρικης Βασιλευσαι.Schol. in Apollon. Argonautic. l. 3. v. 199.
[804]Ἡ δε Περσου γυνη Αστερια παις ην Κοιου και Φοιβης· ὁι Κοιος δε και Φοιβη ΟΥΡΑΝΟΥ παιδες.Schol. in Lycophron. v. 1175.
[805]Natalis Comes. l. 7. c. 18.
[806]Schol. in Lycophr. v 18.
Lycophr. v. 17.
Τον χρυσοπατρον μορφνον—τον Περσεα.Schol. in Lycophr. v. 838.
[807]Εγγυς της Νεης πολιος. He is said to have introduced here Gymnic exercises. Herodot. l. 2. c. 91. And to have often appeared personally to the priests. Herodot. ibid.
Herodotus of the Dorians. l. 6. c. 54.
[808]Εν λαρνακι ξυλινῳ. Schol. in Lycophr. v. 838.
Εν κιβωτῳ τινι. Chron. Pasch. p. 38. from Euripides.
The father of Danaeενειρξας αυτην εις την Κιβωτον μετα του ΠΑΙΔΟΣ καθηκεν εις το πελαγος.Schol. in Pind. Pyth. Od. 10. v. 72.
[809]All salutary streams were consecrated to the Sun. There were some waters of this nature near Carthage, which were named Aquæ Persianæ. See Apuleii Florida. c. 16. p. 795, and p. 801. They were so named from Perez, the Sun, to whom they were sacred.
[810]Ovid. Trist. l. 1. eleg. 3. v. 48. See Natalis Comes. l. 7. c. 18.
[811]Polyb. l. 5. p. 389.
[812]Plin. Hist. Nat. l. 6. c. 16. See Q. Curtius, and Strabo.
[813]Parrhasii in Hyrcania. Strabo. l. 11. p. 775.
[814]Plin. Hist. Nat. l. 2. c. 98.
[815]Of Parrhasians in Arcadia. Strabo. l. 8. p. 595. See Plin. Hist. Nat. l. 4. c. 6.
Ὑιος Δινυττα Δαμαρχος την δ' ανεθηκενΕικον', απ' Αρκαδιας Παῤῥασιος γενεαν.Pausan. l. 6. p. 471. See also l. 8. p. 654.
Ὑιος Δινυττα Δαμαρχος την δ' ανεθηκενΕικον', απ' Αρκαδιας Παῤῥασιος γενεαν.Pausan. l. 6. p. 471. See also l. 8. p. 654.
Ὑιος Δινυττα Δαμαρχος την δ' ανεθηκεν
Εικον', απ' Αρκαδιας Παῤῥασιος γενεαν.
Pausan. l. 6. p. 471. See also l. 8. p. 654.
[816]Plato in Alcibiad. vol. 2. p. 120.
[817]Herodot. l. 7. c. 150.
[818]Statii Theb. l. 1. v. 717.
[819]Diodorus Sicul. l. 3. p. 185.
[820]Πολλαις γενεαις προτερον των Τρωικων.Ibid.
[821]Της Λιβυης εν τοις προς ἑσπεραν μερεσιν επι του περατος της οικουμενης.Diodorus Sic. l. 3. p. 186.
She likewise was in possession of theνησοι ευδαιμονες, or Islands of the blessed, which lay opposite to her dominions in Africa.
[822]Writers mention that she raised over the slain three large mounds of earth, which were calledταφοι Αμαζωνων, the tombs of the Amazons. This shews that the Gorgons and Amazons were the same people, however separated, and represented in a state of warfare.
[823]Iliad Β. v. 811.Μυρινα· ονομα κυριον Αμαζονος.Scholia ibid.
[824]Diodorus Sicul. l. 4. p. 216, 217, 225, 227, &c. See also Justin. l. 44. c. 4. and Apollodorus. l. 2. p. 100.
Hercules of Tyre was said to have been the Son of Athamas, the same as Palæmon.
[825]Ludovicus Nonnius in Hispania. p. 196, 170.
[826]Diodorus Sicul. l. 4. p. 227.
Corunna the same as Kir-Ona.
Many Amonian cities of similar analogy to Alesia.
[827]Diodorus, above.
[828]Χρυσα μηλα—προβατα.Schol. in Apollon. Argonaut. l. 4. v. 1396.εξ Αγροιτου εν γ' Λιβυκων.
[829]Τον Ἡρακλεα, συμμαχουντων αυτῳ των θεων, κρατησαι τῃ μαχῃ, και τους πλειστους ανελοντα την χωραν ηξημερωσαι.Diodorus Sicul. l. 4. p. 229. Strabo. l. 5. p. 376. and l. 6. p. 430.
[830]Strabo. l. 15. p. 1007. and l. 11. p. 771. Diodorus Sic. l. 2. p. 124.
[831]Arrian. Hist. Indica. p. 321.
[832]Herod. l. 4. c. 9. Aristid. Orat. v. 1. p. 85.
[833]Ovid. Metam. l. 11. v. 218.
[834]Poculo Herculem vectum ad Erytheiam. Macrob. Sat. l. 5. c. 21. Apollodorus. l. 2. p. 100. Schol. Apollon. Argonaut. l. 4. v. 1396. from Pherecydes Syrus; and from the Libyca of Agroitas.Λαβων χρυσουν δεπας παρ' Ἡλιου—δια του ωκεανου πλειν.
[835]Strabo. l. 3. p. 237. He was supposed to have been the founder of Tartossus, where he was worshipped under the name of Archaleus. Etymolog. Mag.Γαδαρα.
[836]Syncellus. p. 171.
[837]Pomponius Mela. l. 3. c. 6.
[838]Athenæus. l. 12. c. 512.
[839]Strabo. l. 15. p. 1009.Πλασμα των Ἡρακλειαν ποιουντων.
[840]Nat. Deorum. l. 3. c. 16.
[841]Arrian speaks of this Indian Hercules, together with the others mentioned by Cicero.Ει δε τῳ πιστα ταυτα, αλλος αν ουτος Ἡρακλεης ειη, ουχ ὁ Θηβαιος, η ὁ Τυριος ὁυτος, η ὁ Αιγυπτιος, η τις και κατα ανω χωρην ου ποῤῥω της Ινδων γης ῳκισμενην μεγας βασιλευς.Hist. Ind. p. 319. Varro mentions forty of this name, who were all reputed Deities.
[842]See Ludovicus Nonnius, in Hispan. p. 196, 170.
[843]See Audigier Origines des François. part. 1. p. 225, 230.
[844]Mela. l. 2. c. 5. l. 30.
[845]Petronius. p. 179. Est locus Herculeis aris sacer.
[846]He was worshipped by the Suraceni, a particular Indian nation, who styled himΓηγενης, or the Man of the Earth. Arrian. Hist. Indic. p. 321.
[847]Hercules apud Celtas. See Voss. de Idolat. l. 1. c. 35. l. 2. c. 15.
[848]Eumenius in Orat. pro Scholis instaurandis. See Lilius Gyraldus, Synt. 10. p. 330.
[849]Suetonius in Augusto. c. 29. Livy. l. 40. c. 51.
[850]Johan. Sambuci Emblemata.
[851]He was the same as Osiris, the Sun.Τον εν πασι και δια παντων Ἡλιον.Macrob. Saturn. l. 1. c. 20. p. 207. See Porphyry apud Euseb. Præp. Evang. l. 3. p. 112.
[852]See Lilius Gyraldus Syntag. 10. p. 592. Pausanias expresses the nameΑιχμαγορας. l. 8. p. 624.
[853]Lilius Gyrald p. 595.
[854]In the following extracts we may see the character of this Deity among different nations.Ἡρακλεα δε ὁντινα ες Ινδους αφικεσθαι λογος κατεχει παρ' αυτοισιν Ινδοισιν Γηγενεα λεγεσθαι· τουτον τοι Ἡρακλεα μαλιστα προς Συρασηνων γεραιρεσθαι, Ινδικου εθνους.Arrian. Hist. Ind. p. 321.
Αλλα τις αρχαιος εστι θεος Αιγυπτιοισι Ἡρακλεης· ὡς δε αυτοι λεγουσι ετεα εστι επτακισχιλια και μερια ες Αμασιν βασιλευσαντα.Herod. l. 2. c. 43.Αλλ' ισμεν Αιγυπτιους, ὁσον τινα αγουσιν Ἡρακλεα, και Τυριους, ὁτι πρωτον σεβουσι Θεων.Aristid. Orat. v. 1. p. 59. He had at Tyre a Temple, as old as the city.Εφασαν γαρ ἁμα Τυρῳ οικιζομενῃ και το Ἱερον του θεου ἱδρυνθηναι.Herod. l. 2. c. 44.
Εστι γαρ εν Τυρῳ Ἱερον Ἡρακλεους παλαιοτατον, ὡν μνημῃ ανθρωπινῃ διασωσεται· ου του ΑργειουἩρακλεους. κ. λ.Arrian. Expedit. Alex. p. 88.
[855]Diodorus Sic. l. 3. p. 195. 196. and p. 200.
[856]Διονυσου απογονους Οξυδρακας.Strabo. l. 15. p. 1008. The Tyrians laid the same claim to him.Τον Διονυσον Τυριοι νομιζουσιν ἑαυτων ειναι.Achill. Tatius. l. 2. p. 67. So did likewise the Cretans, and the people of Naxos. Some of the Libyans maintained, that he was educated in the grotto of the Nymphs upon the river Triton. Diodor. Sic. l. 3. p. 202. 203. Concerning Dionusus the benefactor, see Arrian. Hist. Ind. p. 321.
Of his coming to India from the west. Philostratus. l. 2. p. 64.Επηλυτον αυτον Ασσυριον.
[857]Of his travels, see Strabo. l. 15. p. 1008.
[858]Τον δ' ουν Διονυσον, επελθοντα μετα στρατοπεδου πασαν την οικουμενην, διδαξαι την φυτειαν του αμπελου.Diodor. Sic. l. 3. p. 197.
Και προ Αλεξανδρου, Διονυσου περι πολλος λογος κατεχει, ὡς και τουτου στρατευσαντος ες Ινδους.Arrian. Hist. Indic. p. 318.
[859]Diodorus. l. 3. p. 204.
[860]Ινδους και Τυῤῥηνους λεγουσιν, ὡς κατεστρεψατο (Διονυσος).Aristid. Orat. in Dionus. p. 54.
[861]Cic. de Nat. Deor. l. 3. c. 23. Of the various places of his birth, see Diodorus Sic. l. 3. p. 200.
[862]Linus, Orpheus, Panopides, Thymætes, and Dionysius Milesius, Diodorus Sic. l. 3. p. 201.
[863]It was a common subject for Elegy. Plutarch. Isis et Osir.
Ποιησομεθα δε την αρχην απο Διονυσου, διο και παλαιον ειναι σφοδρα τουτον, και μεγισταις ευεργεσιαις κατατεθεισθαι τῳ γενει των ανθρωπων.Diodorus Sicul. l. 4. p. 210.
Λινον φασι τοις Πελασγικοις γραμμασι συνταξαμενον τας του πρωτου Διονυσου πραξεις.Diodorus Sic. l. 3. p. 201.
[864]L. 4. p. 210.
Τον Οσιριν Διονυσον ειναι λεγουσιν.Herodot. l. 2. c. 42. c. 145.
[865]The Indians gave the same account of Dionusus, as the Egyptians did of Osiris.Πολιας τε οικησαι (Διονυσον) και νομους θεσθαι τῃσι πολεσιν, οινου τε δοτηρα Ινδοις γενεσθαι·—και σπειρειν διδαξαι την γην, διδοντα αυτον σπερματα·—βοας τε ὑπ' αροτρῳ ζευξαι Διονυσον πρωτον·—και θεους σεβειν ὁτι εδιδαξε Διονυσος—κτλ.Arrian. Hist. Indic. p. 321.
[866]Pausan. l. 3. p. 272. As his rites came originally from Chaldea, and the land of Ur, he is in consequence of it often styledΠυριγενης, αμδ Πυρισπορος·Strabo. l. 13. p. 932.Ελθε, μακαρ Διονυσε, ΠYΡΙΣΠΟΡΕ, ταυρομετωπε.Orphic. Hymn. 44. v. 1.
[867]There was a cavern, where they supposed him to be buried, at Delphi,παρα χρυσεῳ Απολλωνι.Cyril contra Jul. p. 342.
[868]Κρονος περιεων την οικουμενην.Sanchoniath. apud Euseb. Præp. Evang. l. 1. c. 10. p. 38.
[869]Τον μεν ουν Κρονον οντα πρεσβυτατον βασιλεα γενεσθαι· και τους καθ' ἑαυτον ανθρωπους εξ αγριου διαιτης εις βιον ἡμερον μεταστησαι, και δια τουτο αποδοχης μεγαλης τυχοντα πολλους επελθειν της οικουμενης τοπους· εισηγησασθαι δε πασι την τε δικαιοσυνην και την ἁπλοτητα της ψυχης.Diodorus Sicul. l. 5. p. 334.
[870]Ουρανον—τους ανθρωπους σποραδην οικουντας συναγαγειν εις πολεως περιβολον, και της μεν ανομιας και θηριωδους βιου παυσαι—κατακτησασθαι δε αυτον της οικουμενης την πλειστην.Ibid. l. 3. p. 1*9.
[871]Απολλωνα μετα Θεμιδος, ωφελησαι βουλομενον το γενος ἡμων· ειτα την ωφελειαν ειπων, ὁτι εις ἡμεροτητα προυκαλειτο.Strabo. l. 9. p. 646.
[872]Καθ' ὁν χρονον Απολλωνα την γην επιοντα ἡμερουν τους ανθρωπους απο τε των ανημερων καρπων και βιων.Ibid.
[873]Diodorus Sicul. l. 3. p. 195.
The wanderings of Isis and Iona relate to the same history: as do likewise those of Cadmus.
[874]Eusebii Chron. p. 7. l. 37.
[875]Θουλις. Ὁυτος εβασιλευσε πασης Αιγυπτου, και ἑως ωκεανου· και μιαν των εν αυτῳ νησων εκαλεσεν απο του ιδιου ονοματος Θουλην.Suidas.
[876]Μετα Οσιριν εβασιλευσεν Ορος· και μετα τον Ορον εβασιλευσε Θουλις, ὁστις παρελαβε μετα δυναμεως τινος πασαν την γην ἑως του ωκεανου.Chron. Pasch. p. 46.
He is mentioned by Cedrenus.Θουλης, ὁς και ἑως του ωκεανου πυσαν την γην παρειληφεν.p. 20.
[877]Diodorus Sicul. l. 1. p. 49.
[878]See Apollon. Argonaut. l. 4. v. 277. and Herodot. l. 2. c. 102.
Syncellus. p. 59, 60
[879]Diodorus Sic. above. He was near losing his whole army.
[880]Την δε χωραν ὁπλοις κατεστρεψατο τοις ἑαυτου Βασιλευς Βασιλεων, και Δεσποτης Δεσποτων Σεσοωσις.Diodor. Sicul. ibid.
[881]He passed through all Ethiopia to the Cinnamon country. Strabo. l. 17. p. 1138. This must be Indica Ethiopia, and the island Seran-Dive. Hence came Cinnamon: here wereστηλαι και επιγραφαι.
Venit ad occasum, mundique extrema Sesostris. Lucan. l. 10. v. 276
[882]Σεσωστρις ετη μη, ὁς ἁπασαν εχειρωσατο την Ασιαν εν ενιαυτοις εννεα.Syncellus. p. 59.
Some make him advance farther, and conquer all Europe:ὁμοιως ὑπεταξε και την Ασιαν πασαν, και ΤΗΝ ΕΥΡΟΠΗΝ, και την Σκυθιαν, και την Μυσιαν.Chron. Pasch. p. 47. Herodotus thinks he did not proceed farther than Thrace. l. 2. c. 103.
[883]Diodorus Sicul. l. 1. p. 49.
[884]Of all the great actions of Sesostris, see Marsham. Can. Chron. sec. 14. p. 354.
[885]Περι δε τουτων το μεν αληθες εκθεσθαι μετ' ακριβειας ου ῥαδιον.Diodorus Sicul. L. 1. p. 52.
[886]Sir John Marsham's Can. Chron. sec. 14. p. 354.
Sir Isaac Newton's Chronology, p. 217.
[887]1 Kings. c. 14. v. 25, 26.And it came to pass, that in the fifth year of king Rehoboam Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem (because they had transgressed against the Lord); with twelve hundred chariots, and threescore thousand horsemen; and the people were without number, that came with him out of Egypt; the Lubims, the Sukkiims, and the Ethiopians.2 Chron. c. 12. v. 2, 3.
[888]Παραλαβῳν δε Σουσακος αμαχητι την πολιν. Joseph. Antiq. l. 8. c. 10.
[889]Sethosis of Josephus contra Apion. l. 1. p. 447.
[890]Euseb. Chron. p. 7. l. 43.Θουλης· μετα δε τουτον Σεσωστρις.
[891]Σεσογχωσις, Αιγυπτου πασης βασιλευς μετα Ωρον της Ισιδος και Οσιριδος παιδα, την μεν Ασιαν ὁρμησας πασαν κατεστρεψατο, ὁμοιως δε τα πλειστα της Ευρωπης. Θεοπομπος δε εν τριτῳ Σεσωστριν αυτον καλει.Schol. in Apollon. Argonaut. l. 4. v. 272.
[892]Δικαιαρχος εν πρωτῳ, μετα τον Ισιδος και Οσιριδος Ωρον, βασιλεα γεγονεναι Σεσογχωσιν λεγει· ὡστε γενεσθαι απο της Σεσογχωσιδος βασιλειας μεχρι της Νειλου ετη δισχιλια.Schol. in Apollon. Argonaut. ibid.
[893]Cedrenus. v. 1. p. 20. Osiris, Orus, Thoules, Sesostris.
[894]Succeeded byΦαραω.Chron. Pasch. p. 48.
[895]Joannes Antiochenus has borrowed the same history, and calls this king Sostris.Εβασιλευσεν Αιγυπτιων πρωτος εκ της φυλης του Χαμ Σωστρις.p. 23. He adds, that Sostris, or Sesostris, lived in the time of Hermes,Ἑρμης ὁ τρισμεγιστος Αιγυπτιος.He was succeeded by Pharaoh,πρωτος, the first of the name. Ibid. Herodotus calls him Pheron, and Pherona. l. 2. c. 111.
[896]Πολυ ὑπερτεινει τοις χρονοις την Μινω βασιλειαν ἡ Σεσωστριος.Politic. l. 7. c. 10.
[897]Apollon. Argonaut. l. 4. v. 272.Ενθεν δη τινα φασι—Σεσογχωσις, Αιγυπτου πασης βασιλευς—Θεοπομπος δε εν τριτῳ Σεσωστριν αυτον καλει.Schol. ibid.
Περι δε των χρονων, καθ' ὁυς εγενετο Σεσογχωσις, ὁ μεν Απολλωνιος τουτο μονον φησι, πολυς γαρ αδην απενηνοθεν αιων.Schol. ibid.