Chapter 28

Boys, radio-micrometer,220;density of the earth,261

Bradley, discoveries of aberration and nutation,3;solar translation,10star-distances,10,16observation[Pg 473]observationon Castor,17instruments,28,120observations reduced by Bessel and Auwers,32,39

Brahe, Tycho, star of 157224

Brandes, observations of meteors,327334;

Braun, prominence photography,197;density of the earth,261

Brayley, meteoric origin of planets,311

Brédikhine, theory of cometary appendages,100348;repulsive forces,346347chemical differences,347348formative types,351352355363369structure of chromosphere,199red spot on Jupiter,294Andromede meteors,337stationary radiants,341spectrum of Coggia's comet,343

Bremiker, star maps,81

Brenner, rotation of Venus,252

Brester,Théorie du Soleil,152

Brewster, diffraction theory of corona,67;telluric lines in solar spectrum,134absorption spectra,136

Brinkley, ostensible stellar parallaxes,33

Brisbane, establishment of Paramatta Observatory, 6,90

Brooks, fragment of 1882 comet,363;cometary discoveries,365366

Brünnow, stellar parallaxes,113416

Bruno, Giordano, motion of stars, 9

Buffham, rotation of Uranus,303

Buffon, internal heat of Jupiter,289

Bunsen, discovery of spectrum analysis,132

Burchell, magnitude of η Carinæ,48

Burnham, stellar orbits,46;coronal photographs,186measures of Nova Aurigæ,399of planetary nebulæ,404discoveries of double stars,418430433435catalogue,419system of 61 Cygni,419

Burton, canals of Mars,279;rotation of Jupiter's satellites,292

Calandrelli, stellar parallaxes,33

Callandreau, capture theory of comets,98

Campani, Saturn's dusky ring,86

Campbell, Lieutenant, polarisation of corona,170

Campbell, Professor, stellar radial velocities,39,406434;flash spectrum,189spectroscopic observations of Saturn's rings,300Wolf-Rayet stars,380spectroscopic binaries,389Nova Aurigæ,398translation of solar system,406stellar diffraction-spectra,440

Canals of Mars,278-280

Cannon, Miss A. J., spectrographic researches,386

Canopus, remoteness,37,417;spectrum,416

Capella, spectrum,373383384;a spectroscopic binary,389

Carbon, material of photosphere,152;absorption by, in sun,212in stars,374

Carbonelle, origin of meteorites,340

Carinæ, η, light variation,48,49;spectrum,379

Carrington, astronomical career,144145;sun-spot observations,146solar rotation,147spot-distribution,148luminous outburst on sun,159160Jovian and sun-spot periods,163origin of comets,370

Cassini, Domenico, discoveries of Saturnian satellites,84;of division in ring,85solar rotation period,146solar parallax,228rotation of Venus,250of Mars,274of Jupiter,290295satellite of Venus,256satellite-transit on Jupiter,291

Cassini, J. J., stellar proper motions,10;sun-spots on limb,54theory of corona,66rotation of Venus,250structure of Saturn's rings,299

Castor, system of,18,389

Cavendish experiment,60,261

Ceres, discovery,73,74;diameter,75,288

Chacornac, observation of sun-spot,156;star-maps,284413variable nebula,403

Challis, search for Neptune,81,82;duplication of Biela's comet,96

Charlois, discoveries of minor planets,283

Charroppin, coronal photographs,186

Chase, photographic discovery of a comet,338;stellar parallaxes,416

Chladni, origin of meteors,327332

Christie, Mercurian halo,245

Chromosphere, early indications,68;distinct recognition,69,70,167depth,174175200metallic injections,195eruptive character,199spectrum,200

Clark, Alvan, large refractors,114429430436

Clark, Alvan G., discovery of Sirian companion,42,430;40-inch refractor,433

Clarke, Colonel, figure of the earth,262

Clarke, F. W., celestial dissociation,206

Clausen, period of 1843 comet,105;cometary systems,362[Pg 474]

Clerihew, secondary tail of 1843 comet,103

Clusters, variable stars in,436

Coggia, discovery of a comet,343

Comet, Halley's, return in 17594,88;orbit computed by Bessel,29capture by Neptune,98,365return in 1835101-103345type of tail,346352of 18437,103-105type of tail,346352relationships,349-351Newton's,88,364Encke's,90changes of volume,92of brightness,95acceleration,93,94capture by Mercury,99Winnecke's,94,342Biela's, 95-97,333Brorsen's,97Vico's,97,367Faye's,98of 181199-101346of 1807100347352of 1819101103Lexell's,106367Tewfik,178358362369Donati's,323-325347348of 1861326327346Perseid,327332Leonid,327332333343Klinkerfues's,335Holmes's,337343369Coggia's,343346347of 1901343of 1880349351Aristotle's,350Tebbutt's,352-355Schaeberle's,355356Wells's,356357of September, 1882358-361362-364Thome's,361Pons-Brooks,365366Sawerthal's,366Brooks's, of 1889366367Swift's,368

Cometary tails, repulsive action upon,100103104346-348;coruscations in,105three types,346-348355363multiple,347348351352355363368

Comets, subject to gravitation,88;of short period,92,93translucency,95,105106353small masses,96,106capture by planets,98,306367changes of volume,102365369polarisation of light,103354355refractive inertness,106353relations to meteor-systems,327332-336disintegration,333339362363spectra,342-344354355362-364luminous by electricity,344355357systems,353355357362365origin,369-371

Common, reflectors for eclipse photography,187;Jupiter's inner satellite,293detection of great comet near the sun,358its five nuclei,362photographs of Andromeda nebula,395of Orion nebula and Jupiter,407408great reflectors,412429cluster variables,436

Common, Miss, drawing of eclipsed sun,187

Comstock, lunar atmosphere,264

Comte, celestial chemistry,140;astronomy,142

Cooke, 25-inch refractor,430

Copeland, comets of 1843 and 1880349;spectrum of comet of 1882364of γ Cassiopeiæ,378of Nova Andromedæ,395; of Orion nebula,407discoveries of gaseous stars,379Nova Aurigæ,396398

Copernicus, stellar parallax,16

Cornu, telluric lines in solar spectrum,202;velocities in prominences,205ultra-violet solar spectrum,210215velocity of light, 232note,241spectrum of hydrogen,383of Nova Cygni,393

Cornu and Bailie, density of the earth,261

Corona of 184262-64,67;early records and theories,65-67photographs,166173178181185-190spectrum,170173178188190193varying types,174-176193of 1877175-177of 1882177of 1869183of 1886185of 1889185-187of 1893188of 1898189of 1900189of 1901190daylight photography of,179-180glare theory,182mechanical theory,191electro-magnetic theories,191192

Coronium,171174193

Cortie, movements in sun-spots,157;their spectral changes,208

Cotes, corona of 1715176

Croll, secular changes of climate,259260;derivation of solar energy,313

Crookes, chemical elements,210

Crova, solar constant,225

Cruls, comet of 1882358364

Cusa, solar constitution,57

Cysatus, Orion nebula,21;comet of 1618362

Damoiseau, theory of Halley's comet,101

D'Arrest, orbits of minor planets,285;Andromede meteors,334ages of stars,375variable nebulæ,403measures of nebulæ,404

Darwin, G. H., rigidity of the earth,258;Saturn's ring system,301origin of the moon,316-318development of solar system,318319322solar tidal friction,319

Daubrée, falls of aerolites,339

Davidson, satellite-transit on Jupiter,292

Davis, stellar parallaxes,417

Dawes, prominences in 185170;Saturn's dusky ring,86a star[Pg 475]behind a comet,106solar observations,143164observations and drawings of Mars,276278280satellite-transits on Jupiter,291292

De Ball, markings on Mercury,248

Delambre, Greenwich observations,3;solar rotation,146light-equation,231

De la Roche, Newton's law of cooling,217

De la Rue, celestial photography,152153268;solar investigations,154expedition to Spain,166167

De la Tour, experiments on liquefaction,151

Delaunay, tidal friction,271272;Coudé telescope,436

Delisle, diffraction theory of corona,67;transits of Venus,233239

Dembowski, double star measurements,418

Denning, observations of Mercury,246247;mountain on Venus,253rotation of Jupiter,290red spot,295periodicity of markings,297rotation of Saturn,302meteors of 1885336of 1892338stationary radiants,341

Denza, meteors of 1872334

Derham, theory of sun-spots,53;ashen light on Venus,255

Deslandres, eclipse expedition,187;rotation of corona,188prominence photography,198hydrogen spectrum in prominences,198383photographs of Jupiter,297radial movements of Saturn's rings,300helium absorption in stars,376stellar radial velocities,406

Diffraction, corona explained by,67,70,181;spectrum,139210223439

Dissociation in the sun,152206-210;in space,312

Doberck, orbits of double stars,38,418

Dollond, discovery of achromatic telescope,4,112

Donati, discovery of comet,323;spectra of comets,342of stars,372

Doppler, effect of motion on light,200

Douglass, observations of Jupiter's satellites,292

Downing, perturbations of the Leonids,338

Draper, H., ultra-violet spectrum,210;oxygen in sun,213photographs of the moon,268of Jupiter's spectrum,291of Tebbutt's comet,354of spectrum of Vega,382of Orion nebula407

Draper, J. W., lunar photographs,152;distribution of energy in spectrum, 223note

Draper Memorial,384-386

Dreyer, Catalogue of Nebulæ,50

Dulong and Petit, law of radiation,217219

Dunér, spectra of sun-spots,156;spectroscopic measurement of solar rotation,203spectroscopic star catalogue,381

Dunkin, solar translation,39

Duponchel, sun-spot period,163

Durchmusterung, Bonn,33,412;Cape photographic,412parallax,418photometric,421

Dyson, coronal photographs,190

Earth, mean density,60,261;knowledge regarding,257rigidity,257259variation of latitude,258259figure,261262effects of tidal friction,271-273bodily tides,316primitive disruption,317

Easton, structure of Milky Way,423424

Ebert, coronoidal discharges,192

Eclipse, solar, of 183661;of 184262-65,67,69of 185169,70,166of 1860166167of 1868167-170of 1869170of 1870171of 1871173of 1878174-177of 1882177178of 1883180181of 1885183of 1886184of 1887185of 1889185-187of 1893187188of 1896188of 1898189of 1900189190of 1901190

Eclipses, lunar, heat-phases during,269270

Eclipses, solar, importance,59;ancient,60,273classification,61results,192193

Eddie, comet of 1880349;of 1882363

Edison, tasimeter,177

Egoroff, telluric lines in solar spectrum,211214

Elements, chemical, dissociation in sun,206209210

Elkin, star parallaxes,37,416417;photography of meteors,338transit of great comet,358360secondary tail,363triangulation of the Pleiades,410

Elliot, opinions regarding the sun,57

Elvins, red spot on Jupiter,296

Encke, star maps,78;calculation of short-period comet,90resisting medium,93distance of the sun,230232period of Pons's comet,365[Pg 476]


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