KKeane, Bishop, on the Jesuits,259,273.Kennaquhair, installation of abbot of,145.King, on Hildebrand,178.Kingsley, on Egypt and the hermits,34; on Roman women,82,106; on fall of Rome,78,367.Knights of St. John, their origin and mission,200.Knights of the Hospital, sketch of the,198.Knights Templars, rule of the,197; rise and fall of,202.LLabor, manual, Jerome on,59; in Pachomian rule,60; Hill on benefits of,142; among the Benedictines,147,404; Benedict on,403; effect of Mendicants on,404; not to be despised,420.Lama, Grand, in India,21.Lateran Council,242.Latimer, Bishop, and the monastic funds,323.Laumer, St., and wild animals,156.Laveleye on Christianity,378.Lay abbots, disorders among the,179.Layton, a Royal Commissioner,311,312.Lea, on celibacy,184; on the Reformation,342.Learning, influence of Alcuin and Wilfred on,167; Irish monasteries as centers of,169; monks further, in England,252; the monks and secular,406; effects of monasticism on the course of,407.SeeLiterary services.Lecky, on Fabiola's hospitals,105; on asceticism and civilization,401; on industry and the monastic ideal,405; on abuses of alms-giving,411; on the monastic doctrines of hell,418.Legh, a Royal Commissioner,311.Leo X., Pope,293.Liberty, the Jesuits on,375.SeeFreedomandIndependence.Libraries, monastic,152.Lincoln, Abraham, quoted,205.Lingard, on Bede and the conversion of King Lucius,124; on the Anglo-Saxon Church,181.Literary services of monks,153,406.SeeLearning.Lollardism, way paved for destruction of cloisters by,294.See429.Lombards destroy Monte Cassino,135.London, John, a Royal Commissioner,311.Longfellow, poem of, on Francis,218; on Monte Cassino,135Lord, John, on needed religious reforms,80.Loyola, St. Ignatius, his birth,261; enters upon religious work,262; his pilgrimage to the Holy Land,263; his education,263;imprisonments,263; founds Society of Jesus,264; his "Spiritual Exercises,"265,267; on obedience,267; his mission,276; Sherman on,278; compared with Hamilcar,409.SeeSociety of Jesus.Lucius, a British king, embraces Christianity,124.Luther, influence of, in history,92; an Augustinian monk,118; Henry VIII. attacks,293.Lytton, his views of Jesuits denounced,278.MMacarius, the hermit,49.Macaulay, his views of Jesuits opposed,278; on the aims of Jesuits,283; on the Roman Church,402.Mabie, H.W., on the monks and the classics,408.Mahomet, Carlyle on,33.Maitland, on Benedictine monasteries,155.Maitre, on desecration of cloisters,350.Malmesbury, his charges against the monks,173.Manicheism, relation of, to Albigensians,233.Marcella, St., Jerome on life of,102; her austerities and charity,103.Maria dei Angeli, Sta., Francis hears call in church of,214.Marriage, Basil on,66; how esteemed in Rome,110; Gibbon on, in Rome,110; Jerome and Augustine on,112; vow of celibacy and,381.Married life in Rome, Jerome on,114.Martensen, on ascetics,391; on solitude and society,395.Martin, St., of Tours, credibility of biography of,119; sketch of his life,120; his death,122; churches and shrines in honor of,122.Martinmas,122.Materialism, monasticism and,350,413; of the West,371.Mathews, Shailer, on Christ and riches,379.Matthew of Paris, on prosperity of friars,246.Maur, St., walks on water,137.Maximilian, of Bavaria, educated by Jesuits,277.Melrose Abbey,289.Mendicant Friars, The,205; success of,242,255; their value to Rome,243; confined to four societies,246; quarrels among,246; their educational work,248; in England,251; decline of,253; as preachers,244;254; effects of prosperity on,256.Mendicity of monks,245.Milan, church of, Emperor refused entrance to the,115.Military-religious orders, their origin, labors and decline,197.Militia of Jesus Christ,242.Mill, John Stuart, on preaching friars,244.Milman, on the early church leaders,129;on dream of Dominic's mother,231; on bigotry of monks,395; on monks and natural affections,398.Milton, contrasted to monks,394.Miracles,224.SeeAnthony, Stylites,St. Martin, etc.Missionary labors, of monks,148,171,398; of the Jesuits,280,281.Modern life and thought, monasticism rejected by,421.Mohammedans, mission of Francis to,217.Monastery, of Pachomius,58; Monte Cassino,134; St. Gregory's, rules of,141; Kennaquhair,145; Vivaria,152; Bangor,165; Iona,168; Cluny,177; Grand Chartreuse,189; Charterhouse,191,301,334,343; Citeaux,192; Clairvaux,193; St. Nicholas,240; Melrose,289; Glastonbury,314.Monasteries, in Egypt,44; of Jerome,88; of Paula,100; in early Britain,123; as literary centers,151; decline of, in Middle Ages,173; destruction of, by Danes,180; corruptions of, in Dunstan's time,185; abandonment of endowments,244; fall of, in England,286; fall of, in various countries,288,430; obstacles to progress,343; new uses of,350; life in,392; charity of,410.Monasteries, The Fall of, in England,286; various views of,288; necessity for dispassionate judgment,289; events preceding,293; progress and,300; the Charterhouse,302; the Royal Commissioners and their methods,308,313; Glastonbury,314; report of commissioners,313,314; action of Parliament,319; the lesser houses,319; the larger houses,320; total number and the revenues of,321; effect of, upon the people,322; Green on same,323; uprisings and rebellions,325; use of funds,328; justification for,331; Bale, Blunt and Hume on justification for,333; Hallam on,334; charges against monks true,336; Bonaventura and Wyclif on vices of monks,337; confiscation of alien priories,338; compared with suppression in other countries,339,430; alienation of England from Rome,342; superficial explanation of,343; true view of,344; monks and reform,344; causes of, enumerated,345; results of,345,347; general review of,352; Bryant on,353.Monasticism, Eastern, origin of,17,29; philosophy and,18; Christian,29; the Scriptures and,30; in Egypt,33; virtual founder of,42; under Pachomius,58,63; under Basil,63; character of, in Greek church,67; perplexing character of,69.SeeJerome,BasilandAthanasius.Monasticism, Western,71; introduction in Rome,71;effect upon Rome,80; women and,96,106; Gregory the Great and,160; in England,162; spread of,115; in Germany,122; in Spain,122; in early Britain,123,168; disorders and oppositions,124; enemies of,127; its eclipse,130; code of,139; reforms of, and military types,173,197; decline of, in the Middle Ages,173,179; Benedict of Aniane tries to reform,176; in England, in Middle Ages,180; failure of reforms,196,207; its moral dualism,205; its recuperative power,205; in the thirteenth century,206; new features of,244; popes demand reforms in,286; attacked by governments,287; Hill on fall of, in England,345; a fetter on progress,347; alms-giving and,348; age of, compared to modern times,351.Monasticism, Causes and Ideals of,354; causative motives,355; the desire for salvation,356; quotations on the ideal,129,173,174,357,358,360; nothing gained by return to ideal,352; motive for endowments,361; the love of solitude,362; various motives,364; beliefs affecting the causative motives,365; Gnostic teachings,366; effect of the social condition of Roman Empire,367; the flight from the world,368; causes of variations in types,371; East and West compared,371; effect of political changes,372; the Crusades,373; effect of feudalism,373; effect of the intellectual awakening,374; the Modern Age and the Jesuits,374; the fundamental vows,375.Monasticism, Effects of,386; the good and evil of,387; variety of opinions respecting,387; the diversity of facts,389; elements of truth and worth,390; effects of self-sacrifice,390, of solitude,393; the monks as missionaries,398; civic duties,399; upon civilization,401; upon agriculture,403; upon secular learning,405; the charity of monks,410; upon religion,412,413; the sense of sin,414; the atonement for sin,417; the distinction between the secular and the religious,418; monasticism and Christianity,420; old monastic methods forsaken,421; summary of effects,423.Monastic Orders, the usual history of,174.SeeBenedict, Order of St.,Franciscans, etc.Monks, not peculiar to Christianity,17; Jerome on habits of,36; in Egypt,44; Pachomian,58; number of Eastern,63; under Basil,63; character of Eastern,67,69; as theological fighters,68; Hypatia and the,68; in the desert of Chalcis,87; in early Rome,96; motives of early,106,128; of Augustine,118;under Martin of Tours,120; opposition to Roman,125,147; disorders among the early,128,150; literary services of,151,153,167,169,248,253,405,406; agricultural services of,155,192,403; wild animals and the,156; early British,162,168; influence of the, in England,166; the barbarians and the,148,171,398; military,173,197; corruptions of,124,173,175,179,196,206,336; the celibacy of,183; changes in the character of,284; rebel against Henry VIII.,296; as obstacles to progress,300,343; required to take the Oath of Supremacy,301; pious frauds of, in England,318; receive pensions,320; oppose reforms in England,344; privileges and powers of the, affected by the suppression,347; charity of the,348,410,411; objects of the,360; once held in high esteem,361; their flight from Rome,368; diversity of opinions respecting the,388; effect of austerities on the,390; effect of solitude on the,393; deficiencies in the best,394; as missionaries,398; civic duties and the,399; military quarrels incited by the,401; enthusiasm for religion kept alive by the,413; their sense of sin, exaggeration in their views and methods,413; their doctrine of hell,417; the doctrine of the cross and the,418.SeeMendicants,Benedict, Order of St., etc.Montaigne, on the temptations of solitude,393.Montalembert, on Eastern monachism,67; on Benedict,130; on the ruin of French cloisters,351; on the attractions of solitude,364; on the value of the monks,388,406.Montanists, The, and asceticism,27.Monte Cassino, Monastery at, Montalembert on,134; sketch of its history,134.Montserrat, tablet on Ignatius in church at,262.More, Sir Thomas, causes of his death,298; his character,299; influence of, in prison,303,305; on Henry's ambition,322.Morton, Cardinal, on the vices of the monks,338.Mosheim, on Francis,225; on the quarrel of the Franciscans,247.Mozoomdar, on the motives and spirit of Oriental asceticism,358.Mutius, taught renunciation,62.
K
K
Keane, Bishop, on the Jesuits,259,273.Kennaquhair, installation of abbot of,145.King, on Hildebrand,178.Kingsley, on Egypt and the hermits,34; on Roman women,82,106; on fall of Rome,78,367.Knights of St. John, their origin and mission,200.Knights of the Hospital, sketch of the,198.Knights Templars, rule of the,197; rise and fall of,202.
Keane, Bishop, on the Jesuits,259,273.
Kennaquhair, installation of abbot of,145.
King, on Hildebrand,178.
Kingsley, on Egypt and the hermits,34; on Roman women,82,106; on fall of Rome,78,367.
Knights of St. John, their origin and mission,200.
Knights of the Hospital, sketch of the,198.
Knights Templars, rule of the,197; rise and fall of,202.
L
L
Labor, manual, Jerome on,59; in Pachomian rule,60; Hill on benefits of,142; among the Benedictines,147,404; Benedict on,403; effect of Mendicants on,404; not to be despised,420.Lama, Grand, in India,21.Lateran Council,242.Latimer, Bishop, and the monastic funds,323.Laumer, St., and wild animals,156.Laveleye on Christianity,378.Lay abbots, disorders among the,179.Layton, a Royal Commissioner,311,312.Lea, on celibacy,184; on the Reformation,342.Learning, influence of Alcuin and Wilfred on,167; Irish monasteries as centers of,169; monks further, in England,252; the monks and secular,406; effects of monasticism on the course of,407.SeeLiterary services.Lecky, on Fabiola's hospitals,105; on asceticism and civilization,401; on industry and the monastic ideal,405; on abuses of alms-giving,411; on the monastic doctrines of hell,418.Legh, a Royal Commissioner,311.Leo X., Pope,293.Liberty, the Jesuits on,375.SeeFreedomandIndependence.Libraries, monastic,152.Lincoln, Abraham, quoted,205.Lingard, on Bede and the conversion of King Lucius,124; on the Anglo-Saxon Church,181.Literary services of monks,153,406.SeeLearning.Lollardism, way paved for destruction of cloisters by,294.See429.Lombards destroy Monte Cassino,135.London, John, a Royal Commissioner,311.Longfellow, poem of, on Francis,218; on Monte Cassino,135Lord, John, on needed religious reforms,80.Loyola, St. Ignatius, his birth,261; enters upon religious work,262; his pilgrimage to the Holy Land,263; his education,263;imprisonments,263; founds Society of Jesus,264; his "Spiritual Exercises,"265,267; on obedience,267; his mission,276; Sherman on,278; compared with Hamilcar,409.SeeSociety of Jesus.Lucius, a British king, embraces Christianity,124.Luther, influence of, in history,92; an Augustinian monk,118; Henry VIII. attacks,293.Lytton, his views of Jesuits denounced,278.
Labor, manual, Jerome on,59; in Pachomian rule,60; Hill on benefits of,142; among the Benedictines,147,404; Benedict on,403; effect of Mendicants on,404; not to be despised,420.
Lama, Grand, in India,21.
Lateran Council,242.
Latimer, Bishop, and the monastic funds,323.
Laumer, St., and wild animals,156.
Laveleye on Christianity,378.
Lay abbots, disorders among the,179.
Layton, a Royal Commissioner,311,312.
Lea, on celibacy,184; on the Reformation,342.
Learning, influence of Alcuin and Wilfred on,167; Irish monasteries as centers of,169; monks further, in England,252; the monks and secular,406; effects of monasticism on the course of,407.SeeLiterary services.
Lecky, on Fabiola's hospitals,105; on asceticism and civilization,401; on industry and the monastic ideal,405; on abuses of alms-giving,411; on the monastic doctrines of hell,418.
Legh, a Royal Commissioner,311.
Leo X., Pope,293.
Liberty, the Jesuits on,375.SeeFreedomandIndependence.
Libraries, monastic,152.
Lincoln, Abraham, quoted,205.
Lingard, on Bede and the conversion of King Lucius,124; on the Anglo-Saxon Church,181.
Literary services of monks,153,406.SeeLearning.
Lollardism, way paved for destruction of cloisters by,294.See429.
Lombards destroy Monte Cassino,135.
London, John, a Royal Commissioner,311.
Longfellow, poem of, on Francis,218; on Monte Cassino,135
Lord, John, on needed religious reforms,80.
Loyola, St. Ignatius, his birth,261; enters upon religious work,262; his pilgrimage to the Holy Land,263; his education,263;imprisonments,263; founds Society of Jesus,264; his "Spiritual Exercises,"265,267; on obedience,267; his mission,276; Sherman on,278; compared with Hamilcar,409.SeeSociety of Jesus.
Lucius, a British king, embraces Christianity,124.
Luther, influence of, in history,92; an Augustinian monk,118; Henry VIII. attacks,293.
Lytton, his views of Jesuits denounced,278.
M
M
Macarius, the hermit,49.Macaulay, his views of Jesuits opposed,278; on the aims of Jesuits,283; on the Roman Church,402.Mabie, H.W., on the monks and the classics,408.Mahomet, Carlyle on,33.Maitland, on Benedictine monasteries,155.Maitre, on desecration of cloisters,350.Malmesbury, his charges against the monks,173.Manicheism, relation of, to Albigensians,233.Marcella, St., Jerome on life of,102; her austerities and charity,103.Maria dei Angeli, Sta., Francis hears call in church of,214.Marriage, Basil on,66; how esteemed in Rome,110; Gibbon on, in Rome,110; Jerome and Augustine on,112; vow of celibacy and,381.Married life in Rome, Jerome on,114.Martensen, on ascetics,391; on solitude and society,395.Martin, St., of Tours, credibility of biography of,119; sketch of his life,120; his death,122; churches and shrines in honor of,122.Martinmas,122.Materialism, monasticism and,350,413; of the West,371.Mathews, Shailer, on Christ and riches,379.Matthew of Paris, on prosperity of friars,246.Maur, St., walks on water,137.Maximilian, of Bavaria, educated by Jesuits,277.Melrose Abbey,289.Mendicant Friars, The,205; success of,242,255; their value to Rome,243; confined to four societies,246; quarrels among,246; their educational work,248; in England,251; decline of,253; as preachers,244;254; effects of prosperity on,256.Mendicity of monks,245.Milan, church of, Emperor refused entrance to the,115.Military-religious orders, their origin, labors and decline,197.Militia of Jesus Christ,242.Mill, John Stuart, on preaching friars,244.Milman, on the early church leaders,129;on dream of Dominic's mother,231; on bigotry of monks,395; on monks and natural affections,398.Milton, contrasted to monks,394.Miracles,224.SeeAnthony, Stylites,St. Martin, etc.Missionary labors, of monks,148,171,398; of the Jesuits,280,281.Modern life and thought, monasticism rejected by,421.Mohammedans, mission of Francis to,217.Monastery, of Pachomius,58; Monte Cassino,134; St. Gregory's, rules of,141; Kennaquhair,145; Vivaria,152; Bangor,165; Iona,168; Cluny,177; Grand Chartreuse,189; Charterhouse,191,301,334,343; Citeaux,192; Clairvaux,193; St. Nicholas,240; Melrose,289; Glastonbury,314.Monasteries, in Egypt,44; of Jerome,88; of Paula,100; in early Britain,123; as literary centers,151; decline of, in Middle Ages,173; destruction of, by Danes,180; corruptions of, in Dunstan's time,185; abandonment of endowments,244; fall of, in England,286; fall of, in various countries,288,430; obstacles to progress,343; new uses of,350; life in,392; charity of,410.Monasteries, The Fall of, in England,286; various views of,288; necessity for dispassionate judgment,289; events preceding,293; progress and,300; the Charterhouse,302; the Royal Commissioners and their methods,308,313; Glastonbury,314; report of commissioners,313,314; action of Parliament,319; the lesser houses,319; the larger houses,320; total number and the revenues of,321; effect of, upon the people,322; Green on same,323; uprisings and rebellions,325; use of funds,328; justification for,331; Bale, Blunt and Hume on justification for,333; Hallam on,334; charges against monks true,336; Bonaventura and Wyclif on vices of monks,337; confiscation of alien priories,338; compared with suppression in other countries,339,430; alienation of England from Rome,342; superficial explanation of,343; true view of,344; monks and reform,344; causes of, enumerated,345; results of,345,347; general review of,352; Bryant on,353.Monasticism, Eastern, origin of,17,29; philosophy and,18; Christian,29; the Scriptures and,30; in Egypt,33; virtual founder of,42; under Pachomius,58,63; under Basil,63; character of, in Greek church,67; perplexing character of,69.SeeJerome,BasilandAthanasius.Monasticism, Western,71; introduction in Rome,71;effect upon Rome,80; women and,96,106; Gregory the Great and,160; in England,162; spread of,115; in Germany,122; in Spain,122; in early Britain,123,168; disorders and oppositions,124; enemies of,127; its eclipse,130; code of,139; reforms of, and military types,173,197; decline of, in the Middle Ages,173,179; Benedict of Aniane tries to reform,176; in England, in Middle Ages,180; failure of reforms,196,207; its moral dualism,205; its recuperative power,205; in the thirteenth century,206; new features of,244; popes demand reforms in,286; attacked by governments,287; Hill on fall of, in England,345; a fetter on progress,347; alms-giving and,348; age of, compared to modern times,351.Monasticism, Causes and Ideals of,354; causative motives,355; the desire for salvation,356; quotations on the ideal,129,173,174,357,358,360; nothing gained by return to ideal,352; motive for endowments,361; the love of solitude,362; various motives,364; beliefs affecting the causative motives,365; Gnostic teachings,366; effect of the social condition of Roman Empire,367; the flight from the world,368; causes of variations in types,371; East and West compared,371; effect of political changes,372; the Crusades,373; effect of feudalism,373; effect of the intellectual awakening,374; the Modern Age and the Jesuits,374; the fundamental vows,375.Monasticism, Effects of,386; the good and evil of,387; variety of opinions respecting,387; the diversity of facts,389; elements of truth and worth,390; effects of self-sacrifice,390, of solitude,393; the monks as missionaries,398; civic duties,399; upon civilization,401; upon agriculture,403; upon secular learning,405; the charity of monks,410; upon religion,412,413; the sense of sin,414; the atonement for sin,417; the distinction between the secular and the religious,418; monasticism and Christianity,420; old monastic methods forsaken,421; summary of effects,423.Monastic Orders, the usual history of,174.SeeBenedict, Order of St.,Franciscans, etc.Monks, not peculiar to Christianity,17; Jerome on habits of,36; in Egypt,44; Pachomian,58; number of Eastern,63; under Basil,63; character of Eastern,67,69; as theological fighters,68; Hypatia and the,68; in the desert of Chalcis,87; in early Rome,96; motives of early,106,128; of Augustine,118;under Martin of Tours,120; opposition to Roman,125,147; disorders among the early,128,150; literary services of,151,153,167,169,248,253,405,406; agricultural services of,155,192,403; wild animals and the,156; early British,162,168; influence of the, in England,166; the barbarians and the,148,171,398; military,173,197; corruptions of,124,173,175,179,196,206,336; the celibacy of,183; changes in the character of,284; rebel against Henry VIII.,296; as obstacles to progress,300,343; required to take the Oath of Supremacy,301; pious frauds of, in England,318; receive pensions,320; oppose reforms in England,344; privileges and powers of the, affected by the suppression,347; charity of the,348,410,411; objects of the,360; once held in high esteem,361; their flight from Rome,368; diversity of opinions respecting the,388; effect of austerities on the,390; effect of solitude on the,393; deficiencies in the best,394; as missionaries,398; civic duties and the,399; military quarrels incited by the,401; enthusiasm for religion kept alive by the,413; their sense of sin, exaggeration in their views and methods,413; their doctrine of hell,417; the doctrine of the cross and the,418.SeeMendicants,Benedict, Order of St., etc.Montaigne, on the temptations of solitude,393.Montalembert, on Eastern monachism,67; on Benedict,130; on the ruin of French cloisters,351; on the attractions of solitude,364; on the value of the monks,388,406.Montanists, The, and asceticism,27.Monte Cassino, Monastery at, Montalembert on,134; sketch of its history,134.Montserrat, tablet on Ignatius in church at,262.More, Sir Thomas, causes of his death,298; his character,299; influence of, in prison,303,305; on Henry's ambition,322.Morton, Cardinal, on the vices of the monks,338.Mosheim, on Francis,225; on the quarrel of the Franciscans,247.Mozoomdar, on the motives and spirit of Oriental asceticism,358.Mutius, taught renunciation,62.
Macarius, the hermit,49.
Macaulay, his views of Jesuits opposed,278; on the aims of Jesuits,283; on the Roman Church,402.
Mahomet, Carlyle on,33.
Maitland, on Benedictine monasteries,155.
Maitre, on desecration of cloisters,350.
Malmesbury, his charges against the monks,173.
Manicheism, relation of, to Albigensians,233.
Marcella, St., Jerome on life of,102; her austerities and charity,103.
Maria dei Angeli, Sta., Francis hears call in church of,214.
Marriage, Basil on,66; how esteemed in Rome,110; Gibbon on, in Rome,110; Jerome and Augustine on,112; vow of celibacy and,381.
Married life in Rome, Jerome on,114.
Martensen, on ascetics,391; on solitude and society,395.
Martin, St., of Tours, credibility of biography of,119; sketch of his life,120; his death,122; churches and shrines in honor of,122.
Martinmas,122.
Materialism, monasticism and,350,413; of the West,371.
Mathews, Shailer, on Christ and riches,379.
Matthew of Paris, on prosperity of friars,246.
Maur, St., walks on water,137.
Maximilian, of Bavaria, educated by Jesuits,277.
Melrose Abbey,289.
Mendicant Friars, The,205; success of,242,255; their value to Rome,243; confined to four societies,246; quarrels among,246; their educational work,248; in England,251; decline of,253; as preachers,244;254; effects of prosperity on,256.
Mendicity of monks,245.
Milan, church of, Emperor refused entrance to the,115.
Military-religious orders, their origin, labors and decline,197.
Militia of Jesus Christ,242.
Mill, John Stuart, on preaching friars,244.
Milman, on the early church leaders,129;on dream of Dominic's mother,231; on bigotry of monks,395; on monks and natural affections,398.
Milton, contrasted to monks,394.
Miracles,224.SeeAnthony, Stylites,St. Martin, etc.
Missionary labors, of monks,148,171,398; of the Jesuits,280,281.
Modern life and thought, monasticism rejected by,421.
Mohammedans, mission of Francis to,217.
Monastery, of Pachomius,58; Monte Cassino,134; St. Gregory's, rules of,141; Kennaquhair,145; Vivaria,152; Bangor,165; Iona,168; Cluny,177; Grand Chartreuse,189; Charterhouse,191,301,334,343; Citeaux,192; Clairvaux,193; St. Nicholas,240; Melrose,289; Glastonbury,314.
Monasteries, in Egypt,44; of Jerome,88; of Paula,100; in early Britain,123; as literary centers,151; decline of, in Middle Ages,173; destruction of, by Danes,180; corruptions of, in Dunstan's time,185; abandonment of endowments,244; fall of, in England,286; fall of, in various countries,288,430; obstacles to progress,343; new uses of,350; life in,392; charity of,410.
Monasteries, The Fall of, in England,286; various views of,288; necessity for dispassionate judgment,289; events preceding,293; progress and,300; the Charterhouse,302; the Royal Commissioners and their methods,308,313; Glastonbury,314; report of commissioners,313,314; action of Parliament,319; the lesser houses,319; the larger houses,320; total number and the revenues of,321; effect of, upon the people,322; Green on same,323; uprisings and rebellions,325; use of funds,328; justification for,331; Bale, Blunt and Hume on justification for,333; Hallam on,334; charges against monks true,336; Bonaventura and Wyclif on vices of monks,337; confiscation of alien priories,338; compared with suppression in other countries,339,430; alienation of England from Rome,342; superficial explanation of,343; true view of,344; monks and reform,344; causes of, enumerated,345; results of,345,347; general review of,352; Bryant on,353.
Monasticism, Eastern, origin of,17,29; philosophy and,18; Christian,29; the Scriptures and,30; in Egypt,33; virtual founder of,42; under Pachomius,58,63; under Basil,63; character of, in Greek church,67; perplexing character of,69.SeeJerome,BasilandAthanasius.
Monasticism, Western,71; introduction in Rome,71;effect upon Rome,80; women and,96,106; Gregory the Great and,160; in England,162; spread of,115; in Germany,122; in Spain,122; in early Britain,123,168; disorders and oppositions,124; enemies of,127; its eclipse,130; code of,139; reforms of, and military types,173,197; decline of, in the Middle Ages,173,179; Benedict of Aniane tries to reform,176; in England, in Middle Ages,180; failure of reforms,196,207; its moral dualism,205; its recuperative power,205; in the thirteenth century,206; new features of,244; popes demand reforms in,286; attacked by governments,287; Hill on fall of, in England,345; a fetter on progress,347; alms-giving and,348; age of, compared to modern times,351.
Monasticism, Causes and Ideals of,354; causative motives,355; the desire for salvation,356; quotations on the ideal,129,173,174,357,358,360; nothing gained by return to ideal,352; motive for endowments,361; the love of solitude,362; various motives,364; beliefs affecting the causative motives,365; Gnostic teachings,366; effect of the social condition of Roman Empire,367; the flight from the world,368; causes of variations in types,371; East and West compared,371; effect of political changes,372; the Crusades,373; effect of feudalism,373; effect of the intellectual awakening,374; the Modern Age and the Jesuits,374; the fundamental vows,375.
Monasticism, Effects of,386; the good and evil of,387; variety of opinions respecting,387; the diversity of facts,389; elements of truth and worth,390; effects of self-sacrifice,390, of solitude,393; the monks as missionaries,398; civic duties,399; upon civilization,401; upon agriculture,403; upon secular learning,405; the charity of monks,410; upon religion,412,413; the sense of sin,414; the atonement for sin,417; the distinction between the secular and the religious,418; monasticism and Christianity,420; old monastic methods forsaken,421; summary of effects,423.
Monastic Orders, the usual history of,174.SeeBenedict, Order of St.,Franciscans, etc.
Monks, not peculiar to Christianity,17; Jerome on habits of,36; in Egypt,44; Pachomian,58; number of Eastern,63; under Basil,63; character of Eastern,67,69; as theological fighters,68; Hypatia and the,68; in the desert of Chalcis,87; in early Rome,96; motives of early,106,128; of Augustine,118;under Martin of Tours,120; opposition to Roman,125,147; disorders among the early,128,150; literary services of,151,153,167,169,248,253,405,406; agricultural services of,155,192,403; wild animals and the,156; early British,162,168; influence of the, in England,166; the barbarians and the,148,171,398; military,173,197; corruptions of,124,173,175,179,196,206,336; the celibacy of,183; changes in the character of,284; rebel against Henry VIII.,296; as obstacles to progress,300,343; required to take the Oath of Supremacy,301; pious frauds of, in England,318; receive pensions,320; oppose reforms in England,344; privileges and powers of the, affected by the suppression,347; charity of the,348,410,411; objects of the,360; once held in high esteem,361; their flight from Rome,368; diversity of opinions respecting the,388; effect of austerities on the,390; effect of solitude on the,393; deficiencies in the best,394; as missionaries,398; civic duties and the,399; military quarrels incited by the,401; enthusiasm for religion kept alive by the,413; their sense of sin, exaggeration in their views and methods,413; their doctrine of hell,417; the doctrine of the cross and the,418.SeeMendicants,Benedict, Order of St., etc.
Montaigne, on the temptations of solitude,393.
Montalembert, on Eastern monachism,67; on Benedict,130; on the ruin of French cloisters,351; on the attractions of solitude,364; on the value of the monks,388,406.
Montanists, The, and asceticism,27.
Monte Cassino, Monastery at, Montalembert on,134; sketch of its history,134.
Montserrat, tablet on Ignatius in church at,262.
More, Sir Thomas, causes of his death,298; his character,299; influence of, in prison,303,305; on Henry's ambition,322.
Morton, Cardinal, on the vices of the monks,338.
Mosheim, on Francis,225; on the quarrel of the Franciscans,247.
Mozoomdar, on the motives and spirit of Oriental asceticism,358.
Mutius, taught renunciation,62.