Abbey lands, the, distributed by Henry VIII.,400;Mary wishes for the restoration of,422Aberdeen, Montrose's victory at,547Abhorrers, party name of,620Addled Parliament, the,486Admonition to Parliament, An,446Adwalton Moor, battle of,538Agitators, choice of,554;propose to purge the House,556Agreement of the People, the, drawn up by the Agitators,556Agriculture, More's views on the decline of,368;progress of, in Elizabeth's reign,464Aix-la-Chapelle, peace of,599Alasco, opinions of,418Albemarle, George Monk, Duke of, as George Monk, commands in Scotland,575;effects the restoration,576;created Duke of Albemarle,580;holds a command in the battle off the North Foreland,592;advises Charles II. not to dissolve Parliament,599Alençon, Francis, Duke of, Elizabeth proposes to marry,446;entertained by Elizabeth,454;attacks Antwerp,455;death of,456Alexander VI., Pope, character of,375Alford, battle of,549Allen, Cardinal, founds a college at Douai,453;plots to murder Elizabeth,454Alva, Duke of, his tyranny in the Netherlands,443;discusses the murder of Elizabeth,445;fails to reduce the Dutch,449Amicable Loan, the,372Anjou, Henry, Duke of,seeHenry III., king of FranceAnnates, first Act of,388;second Act of,390Anne, daughter of James II., birth of,608;deserts James II.,645;settlement of the crown on,647Anne Boleyn, appears at Court,380;is married to Henry VIII.,389;execution of,395Anne of Cleves married to Henry VIII.,400;divorce of,401Antwerp attacked by Alençon,455;taken by Parma,456Appeals, Act of,389;provision for the hearing of,391Architecture, Elizabethan,465;Stuart,631,632Areopagitica,546Argyle, Archibald Campbell, Earl of, execution of,636Argyle, Archibald Campbell, Marquis of, opposed to Montrose,547;execution of,595Arlington, Henry Bennet, Earl of, secretary to Charles II.,599;intrigues against Clifford,607Armada, the Invincible, sailing of,458;destruction of,462Army, the New Model, formation of,545;attempt of Parliament to disband,553;choice of Agitators in,554;gains possession of the king's person,555;the heads of the proposals presented in the name of,ib.;drives out the eleven members,ib.;turns against the king,556,557;expels members by Pride's Purge,ib.;its inability to reconstruct society after the king's execution,560;overthrows Richard Cromwell, restores and expels the Rump,575;brings back the Rump,ib.;receives Charles II. on Blackheath,578;paid off,584Army, the Royal, beginning of,584Army plot, the,531Articles, the ten,395;the six,399;the forty-two,420;the thirty-nine,ib.;declaration of Charles I., prefixed to,512Arundel Castle taken and lost by Hopton,542Ashley, Lord,seeShaftesbury, Earl ofAske heads the Pilgrimage of Grace,397Assembly of divines, proposal to refer church questions to,534;meeting of,540;declares for Presbyterianism,543Association, the, in defence of Elizabeth,456Attainder, Bill of, against Thomas Cromwell,401;nature of a,ib., note i.;against Strafford,531Auldearn, battle of,547Babington plots the murder of Elizabeth,457Bacon, Francis (Lord Verulam and Viscount St. Alban), scientific aspirations of,474;advises Elizabeth as to the treatment of the Catholics,475;his conduct to Essex,478;gives political advice to James I.,486;his jest on Montague's promotion,494;attacked about monopolies,495;disgrace of,496Bagenal defeated by Hugh O'Neill,475Ballard takes part in Babington's plot,457Barbadoes, prisoners sent to,564;dissenters sent to,588Barebone's Parliament, the, origin of the name of,566;dissolution of,567Baronets, origin of the order of,494Barrow, Henry, a separatist, hanged,470Barrow, Isaac, addresses his sermons to the understanding,598Basing House taken by Cromwell,549Bastwick sentenced by the Star Chamber,521Bate's case,484Baxter, imprisoned by Jeffreys,635Beaton, Cardinal, burns Wishart,412;is murdered,414Bedingfield, Sir Henry, takes charge of Elizabeth,423Benevolences raised by James I.,497Berwick, Treaty of,526Bible, the, Henry VIII. authorises the translation of,396Bishops, nominated bycongé d'élire,391;first Bill for removing from the House of Lords,533;impeachment of the twelve,535;excluded from the House of Lords,536Bishops' War, the first,526;the second,529Blackwater, the, defeat of Bagenal on,475Blake, defends Taunton,548;appointed to command the fleet,565;sent to the Mediterranean,571;destroys Spanish ships at Santa Cruz,573;death of,ib.Bloody Assizes, the,637Bocher, Joan, burnt,419Bohemia, outbreak of the Thirty Year War in,490Boleyn, Anne,seeAnne BoleynBombay acquired by Charles II.,587Bonner, Bishop, deprived of his see,416Booth, Sir George, defeated at Winnington Bridge,575Bothwell, James Hepburn, Earl of, career of,439Bothwell Bridge, defeat of the Covenanters at,620Boulogne, taken by Henry VIII.,405;surrendered by Warwick,417Bourbon, the Duke of, revolt of,371;death of,374Boxley, destruction of the rood of,398Breda, declaration of,576;treaty of,593Brentford, Charles I. at,537Bridgman, Sir Orlando, declares that the king's ministers are responsible,581Bridgwater taken by Fairfax,549;Monmouth at,637Brill seized by exiles from the Netherlands,449Bristol stormed by Rupert,538Browne, Archbishop of Dublin, destroys relics and images in Ireland,402Browne, Robert, founder of the Separatists,470Brownists,seeSeparatistsBucer, Martin, teaches in England,410Buckingham, George Villiers, First Duke of, becomes Marquis of Buckingham and Lord Admiral,488;accompanies Charles to Madrid,497;becomes Duke of Buckingham, and advocates war with Spain,500;promises money for foreign wars,501;his ascendency over Charles I.,502;tries to pawn the crown jewels,503;lends ships to fight against Rochelle,504;impeachment of,505;leads an expedition to Ré,506;feeling of Wentworth towards,508;murder of,510Buckingham, George Villiers, Second Duke of, in favour with Charles II.,599;his sham treaty with France,603;dismissal of,608Buckingham, Henry Stafford, Duke of, execution of,369Buildings, improvement in, in Elizabeth's time,465Bunyan writesPilgrim's Progress,596Burghley, William Cecil, Lord, as Sir William Cecil becomes the chief adviser of Elizabeth,429;urges Elizabeth to assist the Scotch Protestants,433;becomes Lord Burghley and discovers the Ridolfi plot,445;death of,480Burnet, Gilbert, his conversation with William of Orange,645Burton, sentenced by the Star Chamber,521Butler, author ofHudibras,597Cadiz, capture of,464;Cecil's expedition to,503Calais, loss of,427;Elizabeth's hope of regaining,436;the Armada takes refuge in,462;Cromwell's anxiety to recover,571Calvin, his work at Geneva,430Calvinism influences Elizabethan Protestantism,430Cambrai, league of,363;treaty of,383Campeggio, Cardinal, appointed legate to hear the divorce case of Henry VIII.,382Campion lands in England,453;execution of,454Carberry Hill, Mary's surrender at,439Cardinal College founded by Wolsey,377,383;seeChristchurchCarisbrooke Castle, detention of Charles I. in,556Carolina, colonisation of,629Cartwright advocates the Presbyterian system,446Casket letters, the,440Castlemaine, Lady, uses her influence against Clarendon,594Câteau Cambresis, peace of,431Catesby plans Gunpowder Plot,483Catharine of Aragon, marriage of,363;Henry VIII. grows tired of,379;divorce suit against,382;is divorced,389;the sentence of Clement VII. in favour of,390;death of,395Catharine of Braganza marries Charles II.,587Catherine de Medicis, widow of Henry II., king of France, becomes regent,433;takes part in the massacre of St. Bartholomew,449Catherine Howard, marriage and execution of,401Catherine Parr, marriage of,401Catholics, Roman, laws directed against,453,454;their position at the end of Elizabeth's reign,475;increased persecution of, after Gunpowder Plot,483;negotiation between James I. and Spain for the relief of,488;tendency of Charles II. to support,584;declaration for the toleration of, issued by Charles II.,587;persecuted about the Popish Plot,616;efforts of James II. in favour of,634,638,640Cecil, Sir Edward, commands the Cadiz expedition,503Chancery, Court of, proposal of the Barebone's Parliament to suppress,567;reformed by Cromwell,569;nature of the decisions of,605Chantries, Act for the dissolution of,412;their income vested in the king,415Charles I., intention of the Gunpowder plotters to blow up,483;proposals of marriage for,488;visits Spain,497;is eager for war with Spain,500;negotiation for marriage with Henrietta Maria,501;becomes king and marries Henrietta Maria,502;adjourns his first parliament to Oxford,ib.;dissolves his first parliament and sends out the Cadiz expedition,503;meets his second Parliament,ib.;dissolves his second Parliament,505;orders the collection of a forced loan,506;meets his third Parliament,508;consents to the Petition of Right,509;claims a right to levy Tonnage and Poundage,510;issues a declaration on the Articles,512;dissolves his third Parliament,513;his personal government,514;levies knighthood fines,515;insists on the reading of theDeclaration of Sports,517;levies fines for encroaching on forests,523;levies ship-money,ib.;imposes a new prayer-book on Scotland,525;leads an army against the Scots,526;consults Wentworth,527;makes Wentworth Earl of Strafford, and summons the Short Parliament,528;dissolves the Short Parliament, marches again against the Scots, and summons the Long Parliament,529;assents to the Triennial Act,530;signs a commission for Strafford's execution,531;visits Scotland,532;returns to England,534;rejects the Grand Remonstrance,535;attempts to arrest the five members,536;fights at Edgehill,537;his plan of campaign,ib.;besieges Gloucester, and fights at Newbury,539;looks to Ireland for help,541;sends Rupert to relieve York,543;compels Essex's infantry to surrender at Lostwithiel, and fights again at Newbury,544;is defeated at Naseby,548;attempts to join Montrose,549;sends Glamorgan to Ireland,ib.;gives himself up to the Scots,551;negotiates at Newcastle,ib.;explains his plans to the Queen,552;conveyed to Holmby House,553;conducted by Joyce to Newmarket,555;attempt of Cromwell to come to an understanding with,555;takes refuge in the Isle of Wight, and enters into theEngagementwith the Scots,556;removed to Hurst Castle,557;trial of,559;execution of,560Charles II., as Prince of Wales, possesses himself of part of the fleet,557;lands in Scotland,563;escapes to France,564;offers a reward for Cromwell's murder,569;issues the declaration of Breda,576;restoration of,578;confirmsMagna Carta,ib.;character of,579;leaves the government to Hyde,580;revenue voted to,582;approves a scheme of modified episcopacy,583;keeps a small armed force,584;retains three regiments on paying off the army,ib.;profligacy of the court of,586;issues a declaration in favour of toleration,587;marriage of, and sale of Dunkirk by,ib.;dismisses Clarendon,594;favours the Roman Catholics,598;thinks of tolerating dissenters, and supports Buckingham and Arlington,599;agrees to the treaty of Dover,600;supports the Cabal,602;extravagance of,603;issues a Declaration of Indulgence,604;goes to war with the Dutch,605;withdraws the Declaration of Indulgence,606;assents to the Test Act,607;dismisses Shaftesbury and makes peace with the Dutch,608;supports Danby,610;receives a pension from Louis XIV.,611;is interested in commerce,612;refuses to make war on France,613;threatens France with war,614;dissolves the Cavalier Parliament,616;dissolves the first Short Parliament,617;supports his brother's claim to the crown, against Shaftesbury,618;prorogues the second Short Parliament,619;dismisses Shaftesbury,620;dissolves the second and third Short Parliaments,621;plot to murder,625;death of,627;constitutional progress in the reign of,ib.Charles II., king of Spain, bad health of,592Charles V., Emperor, as king of Spain becomes the rival of Francis I.,366;vast inheritance of,369;is chosen emperor,ib.;goes to war with France,371;captures Francis I. at Pavia,372;liberates Francis I.,374;allies himself with Henry VIII.,405;makes peace with France at Crêpy,406;defends Mary's mass,417;abdication of,426Charles IX., king of France, accession of,433;takes part in the massacre of St. Bartholomew,449;death of,450Charterhouse, the persecution of the monks of,393Chaucer, influences of the Renascence on,367Cheriton, battle of,542Chocolate, introduction of,630Christchurch, foundation of,377,383Christian IV., king of Denmark, Buckingham's overtures to,501,504;defeated at Lutter,505,506Church of England,seeEngland, Church ofChurchill, Lord,seeMarlborough, Duke ofClarendon, Edward Hyde, first Earl of, as Edward Hyde is one of the leaders of the Anti-Presbyterian party in the Long Parliament,533;becomes Lord Chancellor after the Restoration,580;character of,ib.;created Earl of Clarendon,587;is falsely supposed to be bribed,ib.;fall of,594;escapes to France,595Clarendon, Henry Hyde, second Earl of, recalled from Ireland,640Claverhouse,seeGraham, JohnClement VII., Pope, forms an Italian league against Charles V.,374;appoints legates to try the divorce suit of Henry VIII.,382;revokes the cause to Rome,383;gives sentence in favour of Catharine,390Clergy, the country,633Clifford, Thomas, Lord, a member of the Cabal,602;probable suggester of the Stop of the Exchequer,604;resignation of,607Coaches, improvement in,633Coffee-houses, introduction of,630Coinage debased by Henry VIII.,409;further debased by Somerset,416Coke, Sir Edward, takes part in drawing up the Petition of Right,508Colchester, execution of the Abbot of,400;reduced by Fairfax,567Colet promotes the study of Greek, and founds St. Paul's School,367Coligny, murder of,449College invents the Protestant flail,615;condemned to death,622Colonies founded in Virginia and New England,489;in Carolina,629Common Prayer, the Book of, beginnings of,409,410;the first, of Edward VI.,415;the second, of Edward VI.,418;alterations in, in Elizabeth's reign,429;Strickland proposes to amend,445;generally accepted by the Parliamentary Presbyterians,586Commonwealth, the, establishment of,561Commons, the House of, Wolsey's appearance in,371;made use of by Thomas Cromwell and Henry VIII.,389;Elizabeth's relations with,444;Puritanism of,445;growing strength of,468;its tendencies to Puritanism rather than to Presbyterianism,470;attack on monopolies by,478;quarrels with James I.,482;anxious to go to war for the Palatinate,490;votes a small supply,491;brings charges against Bacon,495;is eager for war with Spain,500;refuses supplies to Charles I., unless spent by counsellors in whom it confides,502;impeaches Buckingham,504,505;insists on the Petition of Right,508;claims Tonnage and Poundage,510;religious ideas prevailing in,511;its breach with the king,513;violent scene before the dissolution of,514;formation of parties in,532;scene in, at the passing of the Grand Remonstrance,534;Presbyterian majority in,546;new elections to,551;a mob in possession of,555;the Agitators propose to purge,556;Pride's purge of,557;declares itself supreme,ib.;constitutes a high court of justice,558;dissolved by Cromwell,566;inquires into the expenditure of the crown, and impeaches Clarendon,594;impeaches Danby,616;the Exclusion Bill in,617,621;Tory majority in,636;James II. attempts to pack,641;discusses the abdication of James II.,646Committee of Both Kingdoms, formation of,542Communion table, Laud's wish to fix at the east end,517;decision of the Privy Council on the position of,519;removed by the soldiers,529Comprehension favoured by some of the clergy,598;attempt of Charles II. to establish,599Compton, Bishop of London, refuses to suspend Dr. Sharp,639Con, Papal agent at the court of Henrietta Maria,521Confederate Catholics of Ireland, the, cessation of hostilities with,541Congé d'élire, provision for the issue of,391Connaught, proposed plantation of,528Constantinople taken by the Turks,366Conventicle Act, the,588Convention Parliament, the first,577;the second,646Convocation of province of Canterbury offers money for a pardon,385;agrees to the submission of the clergy,386Cornwall, insurrection in,415Corporation Act, the,585Corporations, remodelling of the,625Council of State, the, appointment of,561Covenant, the Scottish National,525;seeSolemn League and CovenantCovenanters, the rise of,619;insurrection of,620Coverdale translates the New Testament,396Cranfield,seeMiddlesex, Earl ofCranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, pronounces Catharine's marriage to be null,389;is forced to dismiss his wife,400;composes the English litany,409;character and position of,413;wishes to preserve the revenue of the chantries for the poor clergy,415;tries to find common ground with the Zwinglian reformers,416;leaves his mark on the Prayer Book,418;supports Lady Jane Grey,420;burnt,426Crêpy, peace of,406Cromwell, Oliver, practical sagacity of,539;introduces discipline in the Eastern Association,540;defeats the royalists at Winceby,542;fights at Marston Moor,543;advocates toleration,ib.;accuses Manchester,544;becomes Lieutenant-General of the New Model Army,545;cuts off the king's supplies,547;wins the victory at Naseby,548;reduces Winchester and Basing House,549;proposes to leave England,554;gives instructions to Cornet Joyce,555;attempts to come to an understanding with Charles,ib.;puts down a mutiny in the army,556;suppresses a rising in Wales and defeats the Scots at Preston,557;suppresses the Levellers,562;his campaign in Ireland,ib.;his victory at Dunbar,563;his victory at Worcester,564;dissolves the Long Parliament,566;opens the Barebone's Parliament,567;becomes Protector,568;plots against,569;ecclesiastical arrangements of,ib.;convenes and dissolves his first Parliament,570;establishes major-generals,ib.;foreign policy of,571;calls a second Parliament,572;joins France against Spain,ib.;dissolves his second Parliament,573;makes war against Spain,ib.;death of,574Cromwell, Richard, succeeds to the Protectorate,574;abdicates,575Cromwell, Thomas, advises Henry VIII. to rely on the House of Commons,385;becomes the king's secretary, and vicar-general,393;attacks the monks of the Charterhouse,ib.;inquires into the state of the monasteries,394;attacks the greater monasteries,397;execution of,401Cropredy Bridge, battle of,544
Abbey lands, the, distributed by Henry VIII.,400;Mary wishes for the restoration of,422Aberdeen, Montrose's victory at,547Abhorrers, party name of,620Addled Parliament, the,486Admonition to Parliament, An,446Adwalton Moor, battle of,538Agitators, choice of,554;propose to purge the House,556Agreement of the People, the, drawn up by the Agitators,556Agriculture, More's views on the decline of,368;progress of, in Elizabeth's reign,464Aix-la-Chapelle, peace of,599Alasco, opinions of,418Albemarle, George Monk, Duke of, as George Monk, commands in Scotland,575;effects the restoration,576;created Duke of Albemarle,580;holds a command in the battle off the North Foreland,592;advises Charles II. not to dissolve Parliament,599Alençon, Francis, Duke of, Elizabeth proposes to marry,446;entertained by Elizabeth,454;attacks Antwerp,455;death of,456Alexander VI., Pope, character of,375Alford, battle of,549Allen, Cardinal, founds a college at Douai,453;plots to murder Elizabeth,454Alva, Duke of, his tyranny in the Netherlands,443;discusses the murder of Elizabeth,445;fails to reduce the Dutch,449Amicable Loan, the,372Anjou, Henry, Duke of,seeHenry III., king of FranceAnnates, first Act of,388;second Act of,390Anne, daughter of James II., birth of,608;deserts James II.,645;settlement of the crown on,647Anne Boleyn, appears at Court,380;is married to Henry VIII.,389;execution of,395Anne of Cleves married to Henry VIII.,400;divorce of,401Antwerp attacked by Alençon,455;taken by Parma,456Appeals, Act of,389;provision for the hearing of,391Architecture, Elizabethan,465;Stuart,631,632Areopagitica,546Argyle, Archibald Campbell, Earl of, execution of,636Argyle, Archibald Campbell, Marquis of, opposed to Montrose,547;execution of,595Arlington, Henry Bennet, Earl of, secretary to Charles II.,599;intrigues against Clifford,607Armada, the Invincible, sailing of,458;destruction of,462Army, the New Model, formation of,545;attempt of Parliament to disband,553;choice of Agitators in,554;gains possession of the king's person,555;the heads of the proposals presented in the name of,ib.;drives out the eleven members,ib.;turns against the king,556,557;expels members by Pride's Purge,ib.;its inability to reconstruct society after the king's execution,560;overthrows Richard Cromwell, restores and expels the Rump,575;brings back the Rump,ib.;receives Charles II. on Blackheath,578;paid off,584Army, the Royal, beginning of,584Army plot, the,531Articles, the ten,395;the six,399;the forty-two,420;the thirty-nine,ib.;declaration of Charles I., prefixed to,512Arundel Castle taken and lost by Hopton,542Ashley, Lord,seeShaftesbury, Earl ofAske heads the Pilgrimage of Grace,397Assembly of divines, proposal to refer church questions to,534;meeting of,540;declares for Presbyterianism,543Association, the, in defence of Elizabeth,456Attainder, Bill of, against Thomas Cromwell,401;nature of a,ib., note i.;against Strafford,531Auldearn, battle of,547
Babington plots the murder of Elizabeth,457Bacon, Francis (Lord Verulam and Viscount St. Alban), scientific aspirations of,474;advises Elizabeth as to the treatment of the Catholics,475;his conduct to Essex,478;gives political advice to James I.,486;his jest on Montague's promotion,494;attacked about monopolies,495;disgrace of,496Bagenal defeated by Hugh O'Neill,475Ballard takes part in Babington's plot,457Barbadoes, prisoners sent to,564;dissenters sent to,588Barebone's Parliament, the, origin of the name of,566;dissolution of,567Baronets, origin of the order of,494Barrow, Henry, a separatist, hanged,470Barrow, Isaac, addresses his sermons to the understanding,598Basing House taken by Cromwell,549Bastwick sentenced by the Star Chamber,521Bate's case,484Baxter, imprisoned by Jeffreys,635Beaton, Cardinal, burns Wishart,412;is murdered,414Bedingfield, Sir Henry, takes charge of Elizabeth,423Benevolences raised by James I.,497Berwick, Treaty of,526Bible, the, Henry VIII. authorises the translation of,396Bishops, nominated bycongé d'élire,391;first Bill for removing from the House of Lords,533;impeachment of the twelve,535;excluded from the House of Lords,536Bishops' War, the first,526;the second,529Blackwater, the, defeat of Bagenal on,475Blake, defends Taunton,548;appointed to command the fleet,565;sent to the Mediterranean,571;destroys Spanish ships at Santa Cruz,573;death of,ib.Bloody Assizes, the,637Bocher, Joan, burnt,419Bohemia, outbreak of the Thirty Year War in,490Boleyn, Anne,seeAnne BoleynBombay acquired by Charles II.,587Bonner, Bishop, deprived of his see,416Booth, Sir George, defeated at Winnington Bridge,575Bothwell, James Hepburn, Earl of, career of,439Bothwell Bridge, defeat of the Covenanters at,620Boulogne, taken by Henry VIII.,405;surrendered by Warwick,417Bourbon, the Duke of, revolt of,371;death of,374Boxley, destruction of the rood of,398Breda, declaration of,576;treaty of,593Brentford, Charles I. at,537Bridgman, Sir Orlando, declares that the king's ministers are responsible,581Bridgwater taken by Fairfax,549;Monmouth at,637Brill seized by exiles from the Netherlands,449Bristol stormed by Rupert,538Browne, Archbishop of Dublin, destroys relics and images in Ireland,402Browne, Robert, founder of the Separatists,470Brownists,seeSeparatistsBucer, Martin, teaches in England,410Buckingham, George Villiers, First Duke of, becomes Marquis of Buckingham and Lord Admiral,488;accompanies Charles to Madrid,497;becomes Duke of Buckingham, and advocates war with Spain,500;promises money for foreign wars,501;his ascendency over Charles I.,502;tries to pawn the crown jewels,503;lends ships to fight against Rochelle,504;impeachment of,505;leads an expedition to Ré,506;feeling of Wentworth towards,508;murder of,510Buckingham, George Villiers, Second Duke of, in favour with Charles II.,599;his sham treaty with France,603;dismissal of,608Buckingham, Henry Stafford, Duke of, execution of,369Buildings, improvement in, in Elizabeth's time,465Bunyan writesPilgrim's Progress,596Burghley, William Cecil, Lord, as Sir William Cecil becomes the chief adviser of Elizabeth,429;urges Elizabeth to assist the Scotch Protestants,433;becomes Lord Burghley and discovers the Ridolfi plot,445;death of,480Burnet, Gilbert, his conversation with William of Orange,645Burton, sentenced by the Star Chamber,521Butler, author ofHudibras,597
Cadiz, capture of,464;Cecil's expedition to,503Calais, loss of,427;Elizabeth's hope of regaining,436;the Armada takes refuge in,462;Cromwell's anxiety to recover,571Calvin, his work at Geneva,430Calvinism influences Elizabethan Protestantism,430Cambrai, league of,363;treaty of,383Campeggio, Cardinal, appointed legate to hear the divorce case of Henry VIII.,382Campion lands in England,453;execution of,454Carberry Hill, Mary's surrender at,439Cardinal College founded by Wolsey,377,383;seeChristchurchCarisbrooke Castle, detention of Charles I. in,556Carolina, colonisation of,629Cartwright advocates the Presbyterian system,446Casket letters, the,440Castlemaine, Lady, uses her influence against Clarendon,594Câteau Cambresis, peace of,431Catesby plans Gunpowder Plot,483Catharine of Aragon, marriage of,363;Henry VIII. grows tired of,379;divorce suit against,382;is divorced,389;the sentence of Clement VII. in favour of,390;death of,395Catharine of Braganza marries Charles II.,587Catherine de Medicis, widow of Henry II., king of France, becomes regent,433;takes part in the massacre of St. Bartholomew,449Catherine Howard, marriage and execution of,401Catherine Parr, marriage of,401Catholics, Roman, laws directed against,453,454;their position at the end of Elizabeth's reign,475;increased persecution of, after Gunpowder Plot,483;negotiation between James I. and Spain for the relief of,488;tendency of Charles II. to support,584;declaration for the toleration of, issued by Charles II.,587;persecuted about the Popish Plot,616;efforts of James II. in favour of,634,638,640Cecil, Sir Edward, commands the Cadiz expedition,503Chancery, Court of, proposal of the Barebone's Parliament to suppress,567;reformed by Cromwell,569;nature of the decisions of,605Chantries, Act for the dissolution of,412;their income vested in the king,415Charles I., intention of the Gunpowder plotters to blow up,483;proposals of marriage for,488;visits Spain,497;is eager for war with Spain,500;negotiation for marriage with Henrietta Maria,501;becomes king and marries Henrietta Maria,502;adjourns his first parliament to Oxford,ib.;dissolves his first parliament and sends out the Cadiz expedition,503;meets his second Parliament,ib.;dissolves his second Parliament,505;orders the collection of a forced loan,506;meets his third Parliament,508;consents to the Petition of Right,509;claims a right to levy Tonnage and Poundage,510;issues a declaration on the Articles,512;dissolves his third Parliament,513;his personal government,514;levies knighthood fines,515;insists on the reading of theDeclaration of Sports,517;levies fines for encroaching on forests,523;levies ship-money,ib.;imposes a new prayer-book on Scotland,525;leads an army against the Scots,526;consults Wentworth,527;makes Wentworth Earl of Strafford, and summons the Short Parliament,528;dissolves the Short Parliament, marches again against the Scots, and summons the Long Parliament,529;assents to the Triennial Act,530;signs a commission for Strafford's execution,531;visits Scotland,532;returns to England,534;rejects the Grand Remonstrance,535;attempts to arrest the five members,536;fights at Edgehill,537;his plan of campaign,ib.;besieges Gloucester, and fights at Newbury,539;looks to Ireland for help,541;sends Rupert to relieve York,543;compels Essex's infantry to surrender at Lostwithiel, and fights again at Newbury,544;is defeated at Naseby,548;attempts to join Montrose,549;sends Glamorgan to Ireland,ib.;gives himself up to the Scots,551;negotiates at Newcastle,ib.;explains his plans to the Queen,552;conveyed to Holmby House,553;conducted by Joyce to Newmarket,555;attempt of Cromwell to come to an understanding with,555;takes refuge in the Isle of Wight, and enters into theEngagementwith the Scots,556;removed to Hurst Castle,557;trial of,559;execution of,560Charles II., as Prince of Wales, possesses himself of part of the fleet,557;lands in Scotland,563;escapes to France,564;offers a reward for Cromwell's murder,569;issues the declaration of Breda,576;restoration of,578;confirmsMagna Carta,ib.;character of,579;leaves the government to Hyde,580;revenue voted to,582;approves a scheme of modified episcopacy,583;keeps a small armed force,584;retains three regiments on paying off the army,ib.;profligacy of the court of,586;issues a declaration in favour of toleration,587;marriage of, and sale of Dunkirk by,ib.;dismisses Clarendon,594;favours the Roman Catholics,598;thinks of tolerating dissenters, and supports Buckingham and Arlington,599;agrees to the treaty of Dover,600;supports the Cabal,602;extravagance of,603;issues a Declaration of Indulgence,604;goes to war with the Dutch,605;withdraws the Declaration of Indulgence,606;assents to the Test Act,607;dismisses Shaftesbury and makes peace with the Dutch,608;supports Danby,610;receives a pension from Louis XIV.,611;is interested in commerce,612;refuses to make war on France,613;threatens France with war,614;dissolves the Cavalier Parliament,616;dissolves the first Short Parliament,617;supports his brother's claim to the crown, against Shaftesbury,618;prorogues the second Short Parliament,619;dismisses Shaftesbury,620;dissolves the second and third Short Parliaments,621;plot to murder,625;death of,627;constitutional progress in the reign of,ib.Charles II., king of Spain, bad health of,592Charles V., Emperor, as king of Spain becomes the rival of Francis I.,366;vast inheritance of,369;is chosen emperor,ib.;goes to war with France,371;captures Francis I. at Pavia,372;liberates Francis I.,374;allies himself with Henry VIII.,405;makes peace with France at Crêpy,406;defends Mary's mass,417;abdication of,426Charles IX., king of France, accession of,433;takes part in the massacre of St. Bartholomew,449;death of,450Charterhouse, the persecution of the monks of,393Chaucer, influences of the Renascence on,367Cheriton, battle of,542Chocolate, introduction of,630Christchurch, foundation of,377,383Christian IV., king of Denmark, Buckingham's overtures to,501,504;defeated at Lutter,505,506Church of England,seeEngland, Church ofChurchill, Lord,seeMarlborough, Duke ofClarendon, Edward Hyde, first Earl of, as Edward Hyde is one of the leaders of the Anti-Presbyterian party in the Long Parliament,533;becomes Lord Chancellor after the Restoration,580;character of,ib.;created Earl of Clarendon,587;is falsely supposed to be bribed,ib.;fall of,594;escapes to France,595Clarendon, Henry Hyde, second Earl of, recalled from Ireland,640Claverhouse,seeGraham, JohnClement VII., Pope, forms an Italian league against Charles V.,374;appoints legates to try the divorce suit of Henry VIII.,382;revokes the cause to Rome,383;gives sentence in favour of Catharine,390Clergy, the country,633Clifford, Thomas, Lord, a member of the Cabal,602;probable suggester of the Stop of the Exchequer,604;resignation of,607Coaches, improvement in,633Coffee-houses, introduction of,630Coinage debased by Henry VIII.,409;further debased by Somerset,416Coke, Sir Edward, takes part in drawing up the Petition of Right,508Colchester, execution of the Abbot of,400;reduced by Fairfax,567Colet promotes the study of Greek, and founds St. Paul's School,367Coligny, murder of,449College invents the Protestant flail,615;condemned to death,622Colonies founded in Virginia and New England,489;in Carolina,629Common Prayer, the Book of, beginnings of,409,410;the first, of Edward VI.,415;the second, of Edward VI.,418;alterations in, in Elizabeth's reign,429;Strickland proposes to amend,445;generally accepted by the Parliamentary Presbyterians,586Commonwealth, the, establishment of,561Commons, the House of, Wolsey's appearance in,371;made use of by Thomas Cromwell and Henry VIII.,389;Elizabeth's relations with,444;Puritanism of,445;growing strength of,468;its tendencies to Puritanism rather than to Presbyterianism,470;attack on monopolies by,478;quarrels with James I.,482;anxious to go to war for the Palatinate,490;votes a small supply,491;brings charges against Bacon,495;is eager for war with Spain,500;refuses supplies to Charles I., unless spent by counsellors in whom it confides,502;impeaches Buckingham,504,505;insists on the Petition of Right,508;claims Tonnage and Poundage,510;religious ideas prevailing in,511;its breach with the king,513;violent scene before the dissolution of,514;formation of parties in,532;scene in, at the passing of the Grand Remonstrance,534;Presbyterian majority in,546;new elections to,551;a mob in possession of,555;the Agitators propose to purge,556;Pride's purge of,557;declares itself supreme,ib.;constitutes a high court of justice,558;dissolved by Cromwell,566;inquires into the expenditure of the crown, and impeaches Clarendon,594;impeaches Danby,616;the Exclusion Bill in,617,621;Tory majority in,636;James II. attempts to pack,641;discusses the abdication of James II.,646Committee of Both Kingdoms, formation of,542Communion table, Laud's wish to fix at the east end,517;decision of the Privy Council on the position of,519;removed by the soldiers,529Comprehension favoured by some of the clergy,598;attempt of Charles II. to establish,599Compton, Bishop of London, refuses to suspend Dr. Sharp,639Con, Papal agent at the court of Henrietta Maria,521Confederate Catholics of Ireland, the, cessation of hostilities with,541Congé d'élire, provision for the issue of,391Connaught, proposed plantation of,528Constantinople taken by the Turks,366Conventicle Act, the,588Convention Parliament, the first,577;the second,646Convocation of province of Canterbury offers money for a pardon,385;agrees to the submission of the clergy,386Cornwall, insurrection in,415Corporation Act, the,585Corporations, remodelling of the,625Council of State, the, appointment of,561Covenant, the Scottish National,525;seeSolemn League and CovenantCovenanters, the rise of,619;insurrection of,620Coverdale translates the New Testament,396Cranfield,seeMiddlesex, Earl ofCranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, pronounces Catharine's marriage to be null,389;is forced to dismiss his wife,400;composes the English litany,409;character and position of,413;wishes to preserve the revenue of the chantries for the poor clergy,415;tries to find common ground with the Zwinglian reformers,416;leaves his mark on the Prayer Book,418;supports Lady Jane Grey,420;burnt,426Crêpy, peace of,406Cromwell, Oliver, practical sagacity of,539;introduces discipline in the Eastern Association,540;defeats the royalists at Winceby,542;fights at Marston Moor,543;advocates toleration,ib.;accuses Manchester,544;becomes Lieutenant-General of the New Model Army,545;cuts off the king's supplies,547;wins the victory at Naseby,548;reduces Winchester and Basing House,549;proposes to leave England,554;gives instructions to Cornet Joyce,555;attempts to come to an understanding with Charles,ib.;puts down a mutiny in the army,556;suppresses a rising in Wales and defeats the Scots at Preston,557;suppresses the Levellers,562;his campaign in Ireland,ib.;his victory at Dunbar,563;his victory at Worcester,564;dissolves the Long Parliament,566;opens the Barebone's Parliament,567;becomes Protector,568;plots against,569;ecclesiastical arrangements of,ib.;convenes and dissolves his first Parliament,570;establishes major-generals,ib.;foreign policy of,571;calls a second Parliament,572;joins France against Spain,ib.;dissolves his second Parliament,573;makes war against Spain,ib.;death of,574Cromwell, Richard, succeeds to the Protectorate,574;abdicates,575Cromwell, Thomas, advises Henry VIII. to rely on the House of Commons,385;becomes the king's secretary, and vicar-general,393;attacks the monks of the Charterhouse,ib.;inquires into the state of the monasteries,394;attacks the greater monasteries,397;execution of,401Cropredy Bridge, battle of,544