37. ZYGODON.Hook.& T.

3. Caps. without furrows.

247.O. leiocarpum.B. & S. St. 1–3in. tufted, branched; l. spreading, lanceolate, pointed, margin strongly revolute; caps. large pale brown, obovate, perfectly smooth and not contracted at mouth when dry, scarcely exserted; calyp. hairy, sometimes naked; perist. 16 teeth and 16 erose cilia.

Trees.IV. V.

[N.B.—Notwithstanding the note in Lin. Soc. Jour., vol.XI.p. 465, I retain the nameleiocarpuminstead ofstriatum, asallthe species in this section have astriatecalyptra.]

248.O. pulchellum.Sm. St. ¼in. tufted; l. spreading, soft, crisped when dry, linear-lanceolate bluntish, margin recurved; caps. pale, oval, with eight reddish striæ; perist. 16 reddish teeth in pairs, and 16 cilia; calyp. pale, without hairs, purplish at tip.

Trunks of trees.V.

249.O. saxatile.Brid. (O. anomalum, Bry. Brit., p. 177.) St. erect sparingly branched; l. narrow lanceolate sharply acuminate, nerve thick, areolæ narrow at base; caps. narrow sub-cylindrical, much exserted, with eight long striæ prominent when dry, and then with eight shorter alternating spurious ones just below the mouth; per. teeth in pairs; calyp. hairy. [Supp. Bry. Eur. fasc.I. II.]

Limestone walls and rocks.Spring.

250.O. anomalum.Hedw. Sp. Musc, (nonBry. Brit.) St. erect simple, slightly branched; l. lower patulous remote, upper erecto-patent, lanceolate from an ovate base, margin revolute; caps. ovate-oblong, 16–striate; calyp. brownish hairy; per. t. pale equidistant erect when dry. [Bry. Eur.,III., t. 210. Schp. Syn. 262.]

Traprocks, Aberdour, Fifeshire (Dr. Wood); Conway.

Summer.

251.O. Ludwigii.Schw. St. ½in. creeping; l. subpatent or spreading, narrowly linear-lanceolate from an ovate base, contorted when dry, margin slightly undulate; caps. obovate, striate only at summit, much contracted at mouth when dry; perist. 16 teeth in pairs, afterwards equidistant, occasionally with short cilia.

Trees. Scotland, Ireland.VIII. IX.

252.O. crispulum.Hornsch. St. very minute tufted; l. small, linear-lanceolate, scarcely crisped when dry; caps. pyriform, small, thin, with eight inconspicuous striæ.

Trees, not common. Yorkshire, Sussex, English lakes.V. VI.

253.O. crispum.Hedw. St. about 1in. tufted; l. linear-lanceolate from an ovate base, slightly waved at margin, very much contorted when dry; caps. clavate, contracted at mouth when dry; apophysis gradually tapering into the thick seta; eight broad striæ; perist. eight teeth, and eight, sometimes 16, cilia.

Trees.VII. VIII.

254.O. calvescens.Wils. Differs fromBruchiiby its shorter leaves more narrowly reticulated; calyp. scarcelyhairy; caps. with a long tapering neck, lid more convex and shortly beaked; fromcrispumby its longer seta and shorter caps. not contracted at mouth when dry, and by its smooth glossy calyptra.

Trees.VI.

Killarney (Dr. Moore and Dr. Carrington); Dailly and Loch Doon (J. Shaw).

255.O. Bruchii.Brid. St. short tufted; l. spreading sharply linear-lanceolate from an ovate base, contorted when dry, sometimes wavy; caps. pyriform on a long seta, with eight broad striæ, and contracted at mouth when dry; calyp. blackish yellow, with many furrows and very hairy; perist. of 16 teeth in pairs, and eight, very seldom 16, cilia.

Trees. Scotland, Yorkshire, Westmoreland, &c.VII. VIII.

256.O. Drummondii.H. & G. St. longer, creeping, l. linear-lanceolate from a narrow ovate base, blunt-pointed, scarcely crisped, margin hardly recurved; caps. oblong-pyriform, deeply striate, and contracted at mouth when dry, on a long seta; calyp. with long stiff hairs; perist. of 16 teeth in pairs, and no cilia.

Trunks of young trees. S. I. E.VIII.

257.O. Hutchinsiæ.Sm. St. about ½in. tufted; l. erecto-patent broadly lanceolate, nerved to blunt apex, margin scarcely reflexed; caps. clavate-pyriform, with eight broad striæ, slightly contracted at mouth when dry; apophysis tapering; calyp. large, very hairy. Perist. 16 teeth in pairs, and eight short cilia, sometimes wanting.

Mountainous rocks. W. I. S. E.VII.

258.O. phyllanthum.B. & S. St. 1in. tufted; l. linear-lanceolate without a broad base, nerve extending toapex or exserted, where it is generally covered with gemmæ, crisped when dry; fruit not known.

Rocks and trees, generally near the sea.

259.Z. Lapponicus.B. & S. St. ½in. cæspitose radiculose; l. spreading, linear-lanceolate keeled, contorted when dry, nerve ceasing near apex; per. l. ovate-lanceolate; caps. scarcely exserted turbinate, deeply eight-striate, urceolate when dry; lid with a short oblique beak: monoicous.

Crevices of alpine rocks. S. W.Summer.

260.Z. Mougeottii.B. & S. St. more than 1 inch cæspitose, scarcely radiculose; l. fasciculate recurved, narrowly linear-lanceolate, margin reflexed below, nerved to apex, not contorted when dry; caps. turbinate urceolate when dry, eight-striate; lid with a long very oblique beak: dioicous.

Moist shady rocks.Summer.

261.Z. viridissimus.Brid. St. ½–1in., fastigiate, radiculose below; l. much spreading recurved, widely lanceolate, somewhat contorted when dry, nerve sometimes slightly excurrent; caps. obovate obscurely eight-striate; lid with a long oblique beak: dioicous.

Trees and rocks.III. IV.

B. Peristome present.

262.Z. conoideus.Dicks. St. very short, cæspitose, fastigiate, densely radiculose; l. somewhat spreading, not recurved, widely lanceolate, with plane margins, and nerved nearly to apex; caps. pyriform, tapering below, eight-striate, lid with a long straight beak; perist., outer eight short recurved teeth, inner eight yellowish cilia, often absent: dioicous.

Trees. S. I. E.V.

263.Z. Forsteri.Dicks. St. ¼–½in. densely tufted, with whitish radicles; l. erecto-patent, elliptic-lanceolate, nerved to apex or slightly excurrent; areolæ hexagonal (not as in all the previous ones, dot-like), oblong and diaphanous at base; caps. pyriform, striate; lid with a long inclined beak; perist., outer eight acute bi-geminate teeth, inner eight alternating cilia: monoicous.

Trees. South of England, rare.Spring.

264.Z. gracilis.Wils. MS. St. 1in. or more, tufted, branched; l. lanceolate twisted when dry, with plane margins, and denticulate near the apex; areolæ close and punctate above, large and pellucid below.

Old walls. Malham (J. Nowell) in fr., Sept., 1866.

[I have no specimen in fruit.]

265.T. pellucida.Hed. St. ½–1in.; l. lower, ovate-acuminate, nerved, reddish, upper larger ovate-lanceolateentire, nerve ceasing below apex, margins plane; stems bearing gemmiferous cups, l. of which are obcordate; caps. (fruit not found in England) elliptical, with a red border at mouth, on a long reddish seta.

Decaying stumps and roots of trees, common.VIII. IX.

266.T. Brownianum.Schwg. St. almost none, with long linear radical leaves or ramuli; per. l. ovate-acuminate, entire, shortly and faintly nerved; caps. oval-oblong, lid with an acute oblique beak.

Sandstone rocks.III. IV.(Wilson saysVII.)

267.B. aphylla.Hall. “Stem almost none, buried; l. lower roundish, deeply toothed, upper fringed with long ciliary processes; caps. plano-convex, roundish ovate, reddish; outer perist. irregularly sub-divided, thick and cellular.” [Wilson.]

Scotland, Yorkshire, &c.; rare.V.

268.B. indusiata.Brid. “Resembling the last, but caps. more erect, not flattened on the upper surface, of uniform texture and yellowish green colour, covered with a soft membrane, which ruptures on the upper surface, the margins rolling back, somewhat like the indusium of a fern; annulus narrow.” [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot.,VIII., 226.]

On the ground and rotten trunks, chiefly in pine woods.

Near Ballater, 1847 (Cruikshank); Craigendinnie Hill, Aboyne, 1867 (Dickie and Roy).

269.D. foliosum.W. & M. St. almost none; l. longnarrow linear, flexuose, with an obscure nerve, margin plane, sometimes toothed near apex; per. l. with a pale thin blade, nerve excurrent into a long rough bristle, and the innermost divided at apex into long jointed cilia; caps. immersed, ovate, oblique, gibbous; lid conical pointed; per. teeth white.

Shady mountainous rocks.VIII.

270.A. undulatum.P. Beauv. St. 1–2in. l. ligulate, margin undulate, thickened, with bi cuspid spinulose teeth, which also occur on back near apex, where lamellate nerve ceases; caps. cylindrical curved; lid with a long curved beak.

Grassy places, common.X. XI.

271.A. angustatum.Brid. St. shorter, l. narrower, densely reticulate, serrate at apexonly, less hispid beneath, with numerous lamellæ on nerve; caps. sub-erect cylindrical straight or curved, lid dark purple, shortly rostrate. [Schp. Syn. p. 434.]

Bare sandy ground, heaths, &c.Winter.

Braes of Doune, fr. (McKinlay); Sussex—male (Mitten).

272.A. tenellum.Roth. St. short; l. elongate, oblong-lanceolate, upper ones narrowly lingulate, scarcely undulate, smooth beneath, margins dentate below the middle, subcirrhatewhen dry, nerve thinly lamellate; caps. obovate-oblong, sub-cernuous, lid with a long beak; per. teeth large. [Bry. Eur.IV., 412. Syn. 435.]

Bare moist sandy places, and dried-up pools.Autumn.

Loch Goil Head; Killin, Perthshire.

273.A. crispum.James. (laxifolium, Wils. MS.) St. simple, slender; l. lower small somewhat spathulate; upper much larger oblong-lanceolate, slightly undulate, border thickened, toothed; nerve reaching apex, scarcely lamellate; areolæ larger, hexagonal or rounded; caps. obovate-oblong, sub-erect or inclined, wide-mouthed, teeth very short irregular, seta red. [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot.,VIII., 225.]

Lancashire; Oakmere, Cheshire; Saddleworth, Yorkshire; Dartmoor. Male plant only found in Britain.

274.O. hercynicum.De C. St. ½–1in; l. rigid erecto-patent, lanceolate, sheathing, margins indexed, lamellæ of nerve undulate, and spinulose at back; caps. erect cylindrical, plicate and oblique when dry; lid conical pointed.

Alpine and sub-alpine barren soil.VI. VII.

Scotland; Todmorden (Nowell).

275.P. nanum.Brid. St. short, not branched at apex; l. rigid spreading, lanceolate obtuse, sheathing, serrulate above; caps. almost globose, erect or inclined, lid with a curved or oblique beak; columella not winged.

Moist shady sandy banks.X. XI.

276.P. aloides.Brid. St. less than 1–in., branched at apex; l. rigid spreading, lanceolate, sheathing, serrate on margin and back; caps. erect, somewhat ovate-urceolate or cylindrical; lid conical beaked; columella with four wings; hairs of calyp. whitish.

Moist banks.X. XI.

277.P. urnigerum.Brid. St. 1–4in. branched above, reddish below; l. spreading linear-lanceolate from a short broader sheathing base, acute serrate; caps. narrowly cylindrical regular papillose, lid convex with a short beak.

Mountainous banks and sides of streams.X. XI.

278.P. alpinum.Brid. St. much longer, branched above, decumbent below; l. linear-lanceolate from a sheathing base, gradually tapering, serrate, back spinulose, margin inflexed; caps. generally inclined, ovoid, tumid, smooth, lid small, with a long curved beak.

Sub-alpine localities. E. S. I.VI.

279.P. sexangulare.Hoppe. Barren st. 2–6in., fertile shorter; l. short incurved rigid, linear-lanceolatefrom a broader base, margins plane, incurved, almost cucullate at serrulate apex; caps. short, at first upright, afterwards cernuous, sometimes six, sometimes only four or five-angled; lid rostrate; calyp. short, and shortly villous.

Summits of Scotch mountains.VIII. IX.

Ben Lawers; Cairngorm, &c.

280.P. gracile.Menzies. St. about ½in. densely tufted; l. lanceolate from a broad sheathing base, serrate, with prominent lamellæ on upper surface; caps. ovate, obscurely four, five, six-angled; lid conico-rostrate; calyp. small.

Turbaries, &c., frequent.VI.

281.P. formosum.Hedw. St. 3–6in. loosely tufted; l. spreading linear-lanceolate from a broad sheathing base, acute, serrate, lamellate; caps. four, five, six-angled, fawn-coloured; lid long conical; calyp. large.

Woods.VI.

282.P. commune.L. St. 6 or 8in. simple; l. spreading reflexed, linear-lanceolate, sheathing, whitish and membranous at base, serrate on margin and back; nerve broad; per. l. with long wavy hair points; caps. short, upright, afterwards cernuous, on a very long seta; lid variable in size; calyp. large reddish.

Tufty and marshy places.VI.

283.P. juniperum.Hedw. St. 1–6in.; l. reflexed, spreading, linear-lanceolate, almost bristle-pointed, margin entire, except a few teeth at apex, much inflexed from middle upwards, somewhat spinulose at back; caps. roughish, horizontal when dry, on a seta 2in. or more long; calyp. large.

Heaths.V. VI.

284.P. strictum.Menzies. (P. juniperum.β.strictum, Bry. Brit.) “St. more slender, densely matted, branched, closely interwoven with whitish tomentum; l. straight, erecto-patent, imbricate when dry, shorter and narrower, pale glaucous green; caps. shorter cuboid, acutely angled, rufous orange; calyp. brownish or white.” [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. of Bot.,VIII., 225.]

Mountain moors, common.

285.P. piliferum.Schreb. St. about 1in. simple; l. lower short appressed, upper much longer, lanceolate, prolonged into roughish hair points, margins entire inflexed; caps. faintly angular, almost ovate, on a short seta; calyp. long, reddish.

Dry heaths.V. VI.

286.T. austriaca.Hedw. St. 2–3in.; l. linear-lanceolate from a reddish brown sheathing dilated base, margins strongly serrate; caps. ovate pyriform, inclined, striatewhen dry, on a seta 2in. long; lid rounded mammillate; per. teeth inner smooth entire.

Rocks, very rare. Forfarshire.Summer.

287.T. megapolitana.Hedw. St. loosely cæspitose, brownish below; l. from a whitish sheathing base, spreading and recurved, linear-lanceolate concave opaque serrate, cirrhate when dry; per. l. internal ovate-lanceolate thinner; caps. oblong horizontal, somewhat striate when dry; lid convex, not apiculate; per. teeth internal with numerous appendiculate cilia. [Schp. Syn., 431.]

Ben Lawers, 1866 (Dr. Stirton).Summer.

288.A. palustre.Schw. St. 2–4in. branched, beset with reddish radicles; l. oblong-lanceolate, denticulate at apex, flexuose undulate, crisped when dry, papillose on both sides; caps. ovate-oblong, gibbous, cernuous, curved; lid conical, with a blunt beak; barren fl. discoid: dioicous.

Turfy bogs and marshes.V. VI.

289.A. androgynum.Schw. St. less than 1in., nearly simple; l. lower lanceolate, upper longer, all denticulate at apex, not flexuose nor crisped when dry, papillose, marginrecurved; caps. almost cylindrical, gibbous, inclined, furrowed; lid short, conical; pseudopodia numerous; barren fl. gemmiform.

Dry shady woods and banks.V. VI.

290.O. gracile.Schw. St. ½in. slender, tufted; l. long linear setaceous, carinate, flexuose, entire, faintly nerved nearly to apex; caps. obovate-clavate, gradually tapering at base into the seta, inclined; lid long, beaked; calyp. very small.

Sandstone rocks. Yorkshire and Cheshire.III.

291.L. pyriforme.Wils. St. scarcely ½in.; l. lower lanceolate entire, upper linear-setaceous, flexuose, serrate at summit, nerve sometimes reaching apex; caps. pyriform pendulous, on a slender flexuose seta; lid convex mammillate.

Rocks. Cheshire.V. VI.

I. L. erect narrow; not nerved to apex (except No. 1).A. Caps. narrow, inclined.a.monoicous.1. acuminatum.2. polymorphum.3. elongatum.b.synoicous or dioicous.4. crudum.B. Caps, pyriform pendulous.a.monoicous or synoicous.5. nutans.b.dioicous.6. annotinum.7. carneum.II. L. ovate, not nerved to apex.a.dioicous.8. Wahlenbergii.9. Ludwigii.b.monoicous.10. Marrattii.11. calophyllum.III. L. mostly ovate, nerved to apex.A. synoicous or monoicous.12. lacustre.13. Warneum.B. dioicous.14. pseudotriquetrum.15. neodamense.16. alpinum.17. Muhlenbeckii.18. turbinatum.19. latifolium.20. Duvalii.21. pallens.22. barbatum.IV. L. ovate, nerve excurrent.A. monoicous.23. uliginosum.24. pallescens.25. Sauteri.B. synoicous.a.inner perist. imperfect.26. cernuum.27. inclinatum.b.inner perist. perfect.28. intermedium.29. bimum.30. torquescens.C. dioicous.31. obconicum.32. capillare.33. Donianum.34. Billarderii.35. cæspiticium.36. murale.37. sanguineum.38. atropurpureum.39. apiculatum.V. L. very concave, imbricate, nerve mostly ceasing below apex, dioicous.A. caps. symmetrical.40. julaceum.41. argenteum.42. Funkii.B. mouth of caps. oblique.43. Zierii.44. demissum.VI. L. broad roundish bordered.45. Tozeri.VII. L. very large, in a terminal rosaceous tuft.46. roseum.

I. L. erect narrow; not nerved to apex (except No. 1).

A. Caps. narrow, inclined.a.monoicous.1. acuminatum.2. polymorphum.3. elongatum.b.synoicous or dioicous.4. crudum.B. Caps, pyriform pendulous.a.monoicous or synoicous.5. nutans.b.dioicous.6. annotinum.7. carneum.

A. Caps. narrow, inclined.

a.monoicous.

1. acuminatum.

2. polymorphum.

3. elongatum.

b.synoicous or dioicous.

4. crudum.

B. Caps, pyriform pendulous.

a.monoicous or synoicous.

5. nutans.

b.dioicous.

6. annotinum.

7. carneum.

II. L. ovate, not nerved to apex.

a.dioicous.8. Wahlenbergii.9. Ludwigii.b.monoicous.10. Marrattii.11. calophyllum.

a.dioicous.

8. Wahlenbergii.

9. Ludwigii.

b.monoicous.

10. Marrattii.

11. calophyllum.

III. L. mostly ovate, nerved to apex.

A. synoicous or monoicous.12. lacustre.13. Warneum.B. dioicous.14. pseudotriquetrum.15. neodamense.16. alpinum.17. Muhlenbeckii.18. turbinatum.19. latifolium.20. Duvalii.21. pallens.22. barbatum.

A. synoicous or monoicous.

12. lacustre.

13. Warneum.

B. dioicous.

14. pseudotriquetrum.

15. neodamense.

16. alpinum.

17. Muhlenbeckii.

18. turbinatum.

19. latifolium.

20. Duvalii.

21. pallens.

22. barbatum.

IV. L. ovate, nerve excurrent.

A. monoicous.23. uliginosum.24. pallescens.25. Sauteri.B. synoicous.a.inner perist. imperfect.26. cernuum.27. inclinatum.b.inner perist. perfect.28. intermedium.29. bimum.30. torquescens.C. dioicous.31. obconicum.32. capillare.33. Donianum.34. Billarderii.35. cæspiticium.36. murale.37. sanguineum.38. atropurpureum.39. apiculatum.

A. monoicous.

23. uliginosum.

24. pallescens.

25. Sauteri.

B. synoicous.

a.inner perist. imperfect.

26. cernuum.

27. inclinatum.

b.inner perist. perfect.

28. intermedium.

29. bimum.

30. torquescens.

C. dioicous.

31. obconicum.

32. capillare.

33. Donianum.

34. Billarderii.

35. cæspiticium.

36. murale.

37. sanguineum.

38. atropurpureum.

39. apiculatum.

V. L. very concave, imbricate, nerve mostly ceasing below apex, dioicous.

A. caps. symmetrical.40. julaceum.41. argenteum.42. Funkii.B. mouth of caps. oblique.43. Zierii.44. demissum.

A. caps. symmetrical.

40. julaceum.

41. argenteum.

42. Funkii.

B. mouth of caps. oblique.

43. Zierii.

44. demissum.

VI. L. broad roundish bordered.

45. Tozeri.

VII. L. very large, in a terminal rosaceous tuft.

46. roseum.

292. (1)B. acuminatum.B. & S. St. ½–1in., simple or branched; l. rigid, lower ovate-lanceolate, upper linear-lanceolate larger, margins recurved, nerved to serrulate apex, sometimes secund; caps. almost horizontal, narrowly clavate, tapering at base; lid sharply conical. (There are many varieties.)

Crevices of rocks and mountainous districts.VIII.

293. (2)B. polymorphum.B. & S. St. ¼–½in., seldom branched; l. lower ovate-lanceolate, small, scattered, upper oblong-lanceolate longer, crowded, apex in all serrate; caps. oblong-pyriform horizontal or drooping, with a short neck; lid mammillate. (Many varieties.)

Scotch and Welsh mountains.Summer.

294. (3)B. elongatum.Dicks. St. ¼–1in., one innovation from floral apex; l. lower ovate-lanceolate scattered, upper longer linear-lanceolate, all serrate at apex; caps. very long and slender, clavate, with a long distinct neck, inclined, upright when dry; lid convex beaked; inner perist. with cilia.

Rocks and walls in mountainous districts.VIII.

295. (4)B. crudum.Schreb. St. 1–2in. cæspitose, radiculose below; l. lower ovate-lanceolate, with plane margins and reddish nerve, upper gradually passing upwards into linear-lanceolate, with serrate apex; caps. oval-pyriform, from sub-erect to horizontal or even pendulous; lid convex apiculate; inner perist. with cilia. The leaves are generally shining and transparent.

Mountainous banks and rocks.VII.

296. (5)B. nutans.Schr. St. ¼–2in. with innovations; l. spreading, with margins reflexed below, lower ovate-lanceolate entire, upper linear-lanceolate serrulate at apex; caps. pyriform or elliptical, with a short neck; lid small mammillate; inner perist. with cilia: synoicous.

Sandy heaths, &c.

(Four var. are given in Bry. Europ.)

297. (6)B. annotinum.Hed. St. ½–1in. cæspitose; l. lower lanceolate erecto-patent entire, upper longer, serrulate at apex, margins reflexed below; caps. narrow pyriform, with a long tapering neck; lid conical pointed; barren fl. terminal; inner perist. with cilia; annulus distinct compound.

Sandy banks and quarries.V. VI.

298. (7)B. carneum.L. St. ¼in. cæspitose, reddish; l. lower ovate-lanceolate, upper narrower, all serrate at apex, and loosely reticulate, margin not reflexed; nerve reddish; caps. ovate-oblong or shortly pyriform on a thick succulent reddish seta, sharply curved at summit; lid convex, shortly pointed; annulus none; perist. large, dark-coloured when dry.

Moist clay banks.IV.

Sect. II.

299. (8)B. Wahlenbergii.Schw. St. ½–1in. reddish cæspitose; l. lower ovate-acuminate, upper lanceolate, all serrate at apex, margins scarcely reflexed, areolæ loose; caps. broadly pyriform, with a short neck, and wide-mouthed when dry, sub-pendulous; annulus none or imperfect; per. teeth large, inner with cilia; lid small conical.

Wet banks and rocks.V.

300. (9)B. Ludwigii.Spreng. St. about 1in. decumbent and blackish below; l. lower ovate, passing upwards into ovate-lanceolate and lanceolate, serrulate at apex, margins reflexed below; caps. obovate pyriform, sub-pendulous on a reddish slender seta 1in. long; lid conical, somewhat obtuse; inner perist. with cilia.

Scotch and Welsh mountains.IX.

301. (10)B. Marrattii.St. about ¼in. gregarious; l. broadly elliptical, blunt-pointed entire; per. l. narrower and longer; caps. small turbinate almost globose, tapering at neck into the slender seta, from which it is pendulous; lid bluntly beaked; perist. outer red, inner imperfect, adhering to outer.

Southport, 1854.IX.

302. (11)E. calophyllum.R. Br. St. about ¼in. reddish gregarious; l. broadly elliptical or ovate, sharply pointed, concave, entire, almost nerved to apex; caps. oval-oblong, neck not tapering, pendulous; lid small conical,slightly pointed; per. teeth outer brownish, inner free, mostly without cilia.

Southport, with the last.IX.

303. (12)B. lacustre.Brid. St. ¼in. cæspitose; l. lower ovate-apiculate, upper ovate-lanceolate, all entire, very concave, margins recurved; per. l. narrower; caps. roundish pyriform, with a tapering neck, slightly pendulous; lid small pointed; annulus present; inner perist. partially adherent, sometimes with cilia; synoicous.

Moist sandy places. Yarmouth; Suffolk.V. VI.

304. (13)B. Warneum.Bland. St. about ¼in. tufted; branched; l. ovate-acuminate, scarcely concave, serrate at apex, margins recurved; caps. obovate pyriform pendulous, bordered at mouth when dry; lid small convex pointed; inner perist. with cilia: monoicous or synoicous.

Muddy places. Scotland, Southport.VIII. IX.

305. (14)B. pseudotriquetrum.Schw. St. 1–3in, branched, erect; l. lower ovate-lanceolate, upper narrower and longer concave, all bordered, margins recurved, occasionally serrulate at apex, and slightly decurrent; nerve sometimes excurrent; caps. sub-cylindrical, pendulous; lid small mammillate.

Wet mountainous rocks. S. W.VII.

306. (15)B. neodamense.Itzig. Regensb. Fl. 1841, I. (p. 360.) St. slender, cæspitose and tomentose elongate, reddish and almost naked below, leafy above; l. lower roundish oblong obtuse, apex and margins involute; uppercrowded, shortly oblong, inflated at base, margins revolute below, all cucullate; caps. oblong-pyriform pendulous, on a long seta.

Southport Sands, where liable to inundation.

307. (16)B. alpinum.L. St. ½–2in. cæspitose simple; l. imbricate lanceolate, margins recurved, serrulate at apex; caps. oblong-pyriform pendulous, deep red, on a bent and arcuate seta, lid mammillate; whole plant reddish and shining.

Sub-alpine moist rocks, fr. rare.VI.

308. (17)B. Muhlenbeckii.B. & S. St. ½in. or more; tufted, branched, radiculose; l. almost elliptical, blunt-pointed, conical, almost cucullate at apex, margin reflexed; nerved almost to apex; caps. oblong tapering, pendulous, reddish brown; lid convex pointed.

Scotch mountains (Dr. C. Smith and Dr. Stirton).

309. (18)B. turbinatum.Hedw. St. ½–3in. sometimes branched; l. lower ovate-lanceolate, upper longer and narrower, concave, margins not recurved; nerve not always reaching apex; caps. globoso-pyriform pendulous, when dry contracted at mouth, reddish brown; lid convex pointed.

Manchester; Fakenham; Norfolk.VI. VII.

310. (19)B. latifolium.Schl. (B. turbinatum, var. γ, Bry. Brit.) St. elongate, decumbent at base; l. imbricate, broadly oblong acuminate, very concave, shining, serrulate at apex, margined, nerve excurrent; caps. longer than the last,on a long seta, geniculate at base. [Schp. Syn., 380. Bry. Eur.,IV., t. 372.]

Boggy places.VI.—VIII.

Ben More; Shetland (McKinlay).

311. (20)B. Duvalii.Voigt. St. tufted, decumbent when old, elongate, branched; l. patulous, remote, broadly ovate-lanceolate, decurrent, cirrhate when dry, scarcely nerved to apex; per. l. inner lanceolate erect; caps. obovate-oblong regular pendulous from a long slender seta, contracted at mouth when dry; lid mammillate. [Bry. Eur.,IV., t. 371.]

Boggy places.VIII. IX.

Glen Lyon, Ben Lawers, Hartfell, Helvellyn.

312. (21)B. pallens.Swartz. St. ¼–1in. branched; l. reddish, remote patulous ovate-lanceolate, slightly decurrent, keeled, serrulate at apex, margins thickened and recurved, nerve almost excurrent; caps. oblong pyriform, with a long tapering neck, pendulous, mouth small, but not contracted; lid small convex, pointed.

Near springs and ditches.VI.

313. (22)B. barbatum.Wils. MS. St. about 1in. branched, slender, red, and copiously beset with reddish brown radicles from base to summit; l. sub-erect, ovate, rather suddenly tapering into a longish sparsely toothed subula, uppermost broader, more shortly pointed, spreading, all concave, strongly nerved, margins plane, not recurved; areolæ very lax and transparent. The only specimen I have bears no fruit.

Ben Ledi (Dr. Stirton).

Sect. IV.

314. (23)B. uliginosum.B. & S., St. ½–1in. cæspitose, branched; l. green oval-lanceolate, tapering at both ends, margin reflexed below, excurrent nerve toothed; caps. clavate unequal pendulous, tapering into the long curved seta; mouth oblique; lid convex pointed.

Wet places near streams.VIII.

315. (24)B. pallescens.Schw. St. 1–2in. branched, cæspitose, with purplish radicles below; l. ovate-lanceolate, margin reflexed, generally serrate at apex; upper with nerve scarcely excurrent, lower reddish; caps. pyriform, pendulous, tapering, contracted at mouth when dry; lid conical pointed; inner perist. with cilia.

Rocks and walls.VII. VIII.

316. (25)B. Sauteri.B. & S. St. cæspitose, much branched; l. erecto-patent, ovate-acuminate or oblong-lanceolate, elongated, very concave, margins plane, nerve thick excurrent into a mucro; wings at base with hyaline cells; per. l. narrower; caps. slightly incurved, pendulous solid sanguineous; lid shortly conical. [Müller, Syn. I., 280.]

Teesdale (Spruce); Scotland (Mitten).

317. (26)B. cernuum.Hedw. St. ½–1½in; tufted, branched, very radiculose; l. ovate-acuminate concave, nerve much excurrent, sometimes serrulate at apex, marginsrecurved; caps. oblong-oval or pyriform, mouth small, neck not tapering, pendulous; lid small conical; inner perist. adherent to outer; annulus large.

Walls and rocks.V.

318. (27)B. inclinatum.B. & S. St. short, tufted branched; l. ovate-lanceolate, entire, acuminate; caps. almost elliptical or pyriform, with a small mouth; lid conical, sharply pointed; perist. inner generally without cilia, and free.

Walls, banks, and decayed trees.V.

319. (28)B. intermedium.Brid. St. about ½in. tufted, branched; l. imbricate, somewhat spreading ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, point sometimes toothed, margins recurved; caps. pyriform narrow sub-pendulous, tapering into a longish neck; lid conical pointed; inner perist. with cilia.

Walls and rocks, frequent.VI.—XII.

320. (29)B. bimum.Schreb. St. ½–1in. tufted, sometimes branched, with purplish radicles; l. ovate-lanceolate, shortly apiculate, occasionally serrate at apex, margins recurved; caps. oblong-pyriform, tapering at neck, pendulous, constricted at mouth when dry; lid large convex apiculate.

Wet and boggy places.VI. VII.

321. (30)B. torquescens.B. & S. St. ¼–1in. tufted, radiculose; l. lower ovate-lanceolate, upper ovate, all shortly pointed, entire, margin recurved, slightly twistedwhen dry; caps. large obconical or clavate, sub-pendulous, neck tapering; lid pointed.

Rocks and walls; rare.VI. VII.

322. (31)B. obconicum.Hornsch. St. short tufted, branched; l. oblong-ovate pointed, concave, entire, margin recurved, not twisted when dry; caps. obconical, pendulous; neck long tapering; lid convex apiculate.

Walls. Barnard Castle, 1843 (Spruce).VI. VII.

323. (32)B. capillare.Hed. St. ¼–1in. tufted; l. lower ovate-oblong, upper obovate-oblong, all with longish slender points, concave, much contorted when dry, margin bordered with smaller cellules, reflexed, sometimes serrulate at apex; caps. sub-clavate or obovate, tapering, pendulous, only slightly constricted at mouth when dry; lid pointed.

Walls, rocks, trees, &c., frequent.VI.

324. (33)B. Donianum.Grev. St. shorter than last, branched; l. ovate-oblong, slightly pointed, not contorted, but slightly twisted when dry, margin thickened, serrulate at apex; caps. long clavate, constricted at mouth when dry, sub-pendulous, lid pointed.

Sandy banks and rocks, rare. Warrington (Wilson); Hurst-pier-point (Mitten); Winchelsea (Jenner).

325. (34)B. Billarderii.Schw. St. ½–1in. branched, radiculose; l. crowded in tufts at top of branches and stems, ovate-oblong, serrate and recurved at apex, apiculate, margins recurved below; caps. pyriform, broadest below the middle, tapering at neck, pendulous; lid conical pointed.

Hurst-pier-point, on old ant-hills; barren.Summer.

326. (35)B. cæspiticium.L. St. ¼–1in. tufted, branched; l. ovate-lanceolate, pointed, generally serrulate at apex, margin recurved but not thickened, erect when dry, upper ones largest; caps. oblong-obovate, pendulous, slightly constricted when dry; lid large mammillate.

Walls, rocks, roofs, &c.

327. (36)B. murale.Wils. St. ¼in. tufted, branched; l. ovate-lanceolate, concave, shortly pointed, margins plane; loosely imbricate; caps. oblong-pyriform pendulous, deep purple or almost black when ripe; neck tapering; lid large mammillate.

Mortar of old walls.V. VI.

Marple, Killarney, N. Wales, Oxford, 1863 (H. Boswell).

328. (37)B. sanguineum.Ludwig. St. ¼in.; l. distant, ovate-lanceolate pointed, generally serrulate at apex, margins scarcely recurved; caps. oblong or pyriform pendulous, blood-red when ripe; lid pointed.

Heathy ground and walls.,VI. VII.

329. (38)B. erythrocarpon.Brid.nonSchw. (B. atropurpureum.W. & M.) St. ¼–½in. branched; l. erecto-patent, ovate concave, pointed, margin reflexed, entire, loweroften reddish; caps. oval or oblong, neck not tapering, pendulous, dark red or purplish when ripe; lid conical pointed.

Banks and walls.V.

330. (39)B. apiculatum(?) Schw. (There seems some doubt as to what the barren form found on the Slemish mountains is; I give Wilson’s description from Bry. Brit., p. 245.) “L. erecto-patent when dry, elliptic-lanceolate, concave, nerved to apex.”

331. (40)B. julaceum.Sm. St. 1–3in. tufted, with long filiform branches; l. ovate or ovate-elliptical, larger above, concave entire, margin not recurved, not nerved to apex; caps. oblong-obovate or pyriform, pendulous; lid small, convex, pointed.

Alpine and sub-alpine wet rocks.VIII. IX.

332. (41)B. argenteum.L. St. ¼–½in. tufted; in silvery white patches; l. lower ovate, upper ovate-lanceolate, all entire except at apex, nerve not reaching pointed tapering apex; margins not recurved; areolæ very lax; caps. oval-oblong, reddish purple, pendulous, neck not tapering; lid faintly pointed.

Roofs, walls, ground, &c.X. VI.

333. (42)B. Funkii.Schw. Gregarious; st. branched, branches julaceous; l. crowded at summit of branches; st. and br. leaves ovate, cochleariform, nerve excurrent into a short point; comal leaves ovate-oblong acuminate, shortly cuspidate: areolæ lax; caps. obovate or globoso-pyriform, inclined on a flexuous seta.

Walls, &c. Sandy shore, Southport (Wilson).V. VI.

334. (43)B. Zierii.Dicks. Silvery reddish tufts, st. ½–1in., branches julaceous; l. roundish ovate-acuminate, entire, margins not recurved, not nerved to apex; areolæ lax; caps. large clavate-pyriform, gibbous, with a long slender tapering neck, incurved cernuous; lid small, conical, acute; inner perist. longest, with imperfect cilia.

Crevices of mountainous rocks. E. S. I.X. XI.

335. (44)B. demissum.Hook. St. ¼in. tufted; l. ovate-acuminate, erect when dry, margin recurved, nerve generally excurrent; per. l. lanceolate, with longer points; areolæ lax; caps. clavate-pyriform, much incurved, cernuous; seta “curved above like a swan’s neck”; inner perist. longest.

Rocks. Breadalbane Mts.; rare.VIII. IX.

336. (45)B. Tozeri.Grev. St. ¼–½in. gregarious; l. lower obovate narrow, upper crowded wider apiculate, all bordered, entire; nerved (reddish) half way; caps. obovate or pyriform pendulous; lid conical.

Shady banks, rare in fr.III. IV.

337. (46)B. roseum.Schreb. St. 1–3in., l. lower, small, scattered lanceolate; upper in a large rosaceous tuft, spathulate,apiculate, serrate above, margin recurved, nerved nearly to apex; caps. clavate-oblong or obovate pendulous; lid mammillate.

Sandy shady banks.XI. XII.

338.M. affine.Bland. St. 1–3in. simple, erect, radiculose; barren shoots procumbent; l. lower oval-lanceolate, decurrent, scattered, upper much larger, crowded, oblong-elliptic pointed, border narrow, simply spinuloso-serrate, nerved nearly or quite to apex; those of barren stems roundish two-ranked; caps. ovate-oblong pendulous; lid convex, pointed: dioicous.

Shady woods, banks, walls.IV. V.

339.M. cuspidatum.Hedw. St. ½–1in. tufted, erect, radiculose, barren shoots procumbent; l. lower ovate or obovate, scattered, upper ovate-lanceolate longer and narrower; all acuminate, with simply serrate margins; nerved nearly or quite to apex; caps. ovate, inclined or pendulous; lid convex obtuse: synoicous.

Shady rocks and walls.III. IV.

340.M. rostratum.Schr. St. ½–1in. decumbent at base (barren long erect or creeping); l. lower ovate, upperoval-oblong, obtuse, in a terminal spreading tuft, all simply and bluntly serrate, undulate, nerve slightly excurrent into a mucro; caps. oval, inclined or pendulous; lid with a long curved beak: synoicous.

Moist shady rocks, &c., common.IV.

341.M. riparium.Mitt. M.S. St. ½–1in., reddish below; l. orbiculate or broadly elliptical, much decurrent, apex rounded and tipped with a mucro; lower obscurely bordered, upper strongly so and simply spinuloso-dentate, nerve thin but distinct, reddish, reaching apex; areolæ large hexagonal chlorophyllose. (I have no fruited specimen.)

Watery places. Sussex (Mitten).

342.M. spinosum.Voigt. St. robust, sub-ligneous; branches flagelliform sub-arcuate; l. lower small squamiform, obtuse, margins plane; upper obovate or oblong, acuminato-spathulate, larger, crisped when dry; serration bi-geminate, spinulose, nerve excurrent; caps. oval-oblong, reddish brown, slightly inclined or horizontal; lid conical, with an obtuse beak: dioicous.

Roots of trees, and shady sub-alpine rocks.Summer.

Ben Lawers (McKinlay).

343.M. orthorhynchum.Brid. St. ¼–1in. simple; l. lower scattered ovate-acuminate, decurrent, upper ovate-lanceolate, doubly spinuloso-serrate; all undulate and crisped when dry; caps. oval or sub-pyriform horizontal; lid conical, with a blunt beak: dioicous.

Woods, shady banks, &c. Yorkshire, Sussex.Spring.

344.M. serratum.Brid. St. ½–1in. purplish, erect; l. lower reddish on nerve and border, all varying from lanceolateto ovate, acuminate, doubly spinuloso-serrate; per. l. lanceolate; caps. ovate or oval, cernuous; lid large conical, with a short beak: synoicous.

Moist shady rocks and banks.V. VI.

345.M. hornum.L. St. 1–3in. simple; l. linear-lanceolate, acuminate, rigid, slightly decurrent, doubly spinuloso-serrate, nerve also spinulose, not reaching apex; caps. large oblong-ovate, cernuous; lid convex mammillate; seta curved at summit: dioicous.

Shady moist banks and woods, common.V.

346.M. undulatum.Hed. St. 1–3in. decumbent at base, sometimes branched; l. oval-oblong or ligulate, upper very long, all undulate, decurrent, and simply serrate, nerved generally to apex; caps. generally several together, oval or oblong pendulous; lid convex, pointed: dioicous.

Moist shady banks and woods.IV. V.

347.M. stellare.Hed. St. ½–2in. erect; l. oval-acuminate or ovate-lanceolate, simply serrate, decurrent, scarcely nerved to apex; caps. solitary, ovate, horizontal or cernuous; lid convex blunt: dioicous. (Does not fruit with us.)

Shady rocks and banks. Yorkshire, Surrey.V. VI.

348.M. cinclidioides.Hueb. St. 2–4in. sometimes with slender branches; l. lower oval obtuse, scarcely pointed, upper large oval ligulate obtuse (marginal cellsnarrower), almost entire, slightly undulate, nerved nearly to apex; caps. oval pendulous; lid convex pointed: dioicous.

Wet and boggy places on mountains, Clova, &c.Summer.

349.M. punctatum, Hed. St. ½–3in., erect, radiculose; l. obovate or roundish obtuse, obscurely pointed, upper in a somewhat rosaceous tuft; generally nerved to apex; caps. oval pendulous; lid conical, with a longish beak: dioicous.

Wet shady places.II. III.

350.M. subglobosum.B. & S. St. 1in. or more, erect; l. obovate or roundish obtuse, not nerved to apex; border narrow sub-cartilaginous; caps. roundish, contracted at mouth, sub-pendulous; lid small conical beaked: synoicous.

Marshes and bogs.III.

351.C. stygium.Sw. St. 1–4in. tufted, erect, with purplish radicles; l. roundish obovate, obtuse, pointed, rigid, very narrow at base, border cartilaginous, nerved to or beyond apex; caps. obovate or pyriform, pendulous, on a long seta, lid convex obtuse, sometimes pointed; synoicous.

Bogs. Malham Tarn (Nowell, Wilson).VI. VII.

352.M. nitida.Horn. “L. erecto-patent, larger and more crowded above, ovate-lanceolate, serrated at apex; caps. sub-erect pyriform; lid conical, very short.”

Type not British; var. β. only found at head of Glen Callater, 1830 (Dr. Greville); again in same locality, 1868 (Fergusson and Roy); Ingleby, Yorkshire, 1862 (Mudd.)

353.P. squarrosa.Brid. St. 2–6in. radiculose; l. obovate-lanceolate, pointed, recurved above the middle, squarrose, nerved to and serrulate at apex, margins recurved below; caps. elliptic-oblong gibbous, with a short thick neck, inclined; lid mammillate.

Boggy places. No fr. found in Britain.Summer.

354.M. uliginosa.Hedw. St. ½–1in. radiculose, br. fastigiate; l. lanceolate or linear obtuse (upper longer), entire, margin recurved, scarcely nerved to apex; caps. pyriform, with a long tapering neck, incurved, inclined; lid conical truncate; seta very long.

Wet and boggy places.VII. VIII.

[It is very questionable whetherM. longisetahas ever been found in the British Islands.]

355.A. dealbatus.P. B. St. ½–1in.; l. lanceolate broad, acute, margins plane, slightly serrulate at apex, below which the strong nerve ceases; caps. clavate or pyriform, incurved, inclined, mouth oblique, lid conical, seta very long.

Wet mountainous places. S. I.VI. VII.

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