I.
Ibi semper debet fieri Triatio, ubi juratores meliorem possunt habere notitiam.
Trial must take place, where the jury may obtain better information. [SeeTranscriber’s Note.]
Trial must take place, where the jury may obtain better information. [SeeTranscriber’s Note.]
Id certum est quod certum reddi potest, sed id magis certum est quod de semetipso est certum.
That is certain which can be rendered certain, but that is more certain which is certain of itself.
That is certain which can be rendered certain, but that is more certain which is certain of itself.
Id perfectum est quod ex omnibus suis partibus constat; et nihil perfectum est dum aliquid restat agendum.
That is complete which consists of all its parts; and nothing is perfect while any thing remains to be done.
That is complete which consists of all its parts; and nothing is perfect while any thing remains to be done.
Id quod est magis remotum, non trahit ad se quod est magis junctum, sed e contrario in omni casu.
That which is more remote does not draw to itself that which is more closely joined; but the contrary in every case.
That which is more remote does not draw to itself that which is more closely joined; but the contrary in every case.
Id quod nostrum est, sine facto nostro ad alium transferri non potest.
That which is ours cannot be transferred to another without our own deed.
That which is ours cannot be transferred to another without our own deed.
Idem agens et patiens esse non potest.
The same person cannot be both the agent and patient.
The same person cannot be both the agent and patient.
Idem est facere et non prohibere cum possis, et qui non prohibet cum prohibere possit, in culpa est.
It is the same to do and not to prohibit when you can; and he who does not prohibit when he can prohibit, is in fault.
It is the same to do and not to prohibit when you can; and he who does not prohibit when he can prohibit, is in fault.
Idem est nihil dicere et insufficienter dicere.
It is the same thing to speak nothing, and to speak insufficiently.
It is the same thing to speak nothing, and to speak insufficiently.
Idem est non esse et non apparere.
Not to be, and not to appear is the same.
Not to be, and not to appear is the same.
Idem semper antecedenti proximo refertur.
The same thing is always referred to the nearest antecedent.
The same thing is always referred to the nearest antecedent.
Ignorantia facti excusat.
Ignorance of a fact or deed excuses.
Ignorance of a fact or deed excuses.
Ignorantia judicis est calamitas innocentis.
The ignorance of a judge is the calamity of the innocent.
The ignorance of a judge is the calamity of the innocent.
Ignorantia juris non excusat.
Ignorance of the law does not excuse.
Ignorance of the law does not excuse.
Ignorantia juris sui non præjudicat juri.
Ignorance of ones own right is not prejudicial to that right.
Ignorance of ones own right is not prejudicial to that right.
Ignorantia legum neminem excusat, omnes enim præsumuntur eas nosse quibus omnes consentiant.
Ignorance of the law excuses no body, for all are presumed to know those things on which all agree.
Ignorance of the law excuses no body, for all are presumed to know those things on which all agree.
Ignorantia non excusat legem.
Ignorance does not excuse the law.
Ignorance does not excuse the law.
Illud quod alias licitum non est, necessitas facit licitum; et necessitas inducit privilegium quod jure privatur.
That which is not lawful in another case, necessity makes lawful; and necessity induces a privilege which is taken away by the law.
That which is not lawful in another case, necessity makes lawful; and necessity induces a privilege which is taken away by the law.
Imaginaria venditio non est pretio accedente.
It is not an imaginary sale when the price is paid.
It is not an imaginary sale when the price is paid.
Imperator noster servis rescripsit, in ambiguitatibus quæ ex legibus proficiscuntur, consuetudinem, aut rerum perpetuo similiter judicatarum auctoritatem, vim legis obtinere.
Our emperor wrote back to his subjects that in the ambiguities, which proceed from the laws, the custom, or the authority of cases constantly decided in the same manner, should obtain the force of laws.
Our emperor wrote back to his subjects that in the ambiguities, which proceed from the laws, the custom, or the authority of cases constantly decided in the same manner, should obtain the force of laws.
Imperitia culpæ adnumeratur.
Unskilfulness is reckoned a fault.
Unskilfulness is reckoned a fault.
Impersonalitas non concludit nec ligat.
Impersonality is neither conclusive nor binding.
Impersonality is neither conclusive nor binding.
Impius et crudelis judicandus est qui libertati non favet.
He is to be considered a wicked and cruel person who does not favour liberty.
He is to be considered a wicked and cruel person who does not favour liberty.
Improbi rumores, dissipati sunto.
Let wicked reports be silenced.
Let wicked reports be silenced.
Impotentia excusat legem.
Inability excuses law.
Inability excuses law.
Impunitas semper ad deteriora invitat.
Impunity always is an inducement to do worse.
Impunity always is an inducement to do worse.
Impossibilium nulla obligatio est.
There is no obligation to things impossible; none is obliged to do impossibilities.
There is no obligation to things impossible; none is obliged to do impossibilities.
In actis publicis collegii sive corporis alicujus corporati consensus, est voluntas multorum ad quos res pertinet simul juncta.
In public acts of a college or any incorporated body, the will of many to whom the matter belongs joined together, is the consent.
In public acts of a college or any incorporated body, the will of many to whom the matter belongs joined together, is the consent.
In æquali jure melior est conditio possidentis.
In equality of right, the condition of the person in possession, is the better.
In equality of right, the condition of the person in possession, is the better.
In alternativis electio est debitoris.
In alternatives, the power of election belongs to the debtor.
In alternatives, the power of election belongs to the debtor.
In brevi aut charta generalia præsedunt specialia.
General things precede special, in a brief or writing.
General things precede special, in a brief or writing.
In ambiguis casibus semper præsumitur pro rege.
In ambiguous cases, the presumption is always in favour of the king.
In ambiguous cases, the presumption is always in favour of the king.
In ambiguis orationibus maxime sententia spectanda est ejus, qui eas protulisset.
In ambiguous speeches, the opinion of him is chiefly to be considered who had uttered them.
In ambiguous speeches, the opinion of him is chiefly to be considered who had uttered them.
In ambiguis pro dotibus respondere melius est.
In doubtful cases, it is better to answer for endowments.
In doubtful cases, it is better to answer for endowments.
In atrocioribus delictis punitur affectus licet non sequatur effectus.
In the more atrocious transactions, the inclination is punished, though the effect does not follow.
In the more atrocious transactions, the inclination is punished, though the effect does not follow.
In capitalibus minor est pœna cogitationis manifestæ quam conatus ex actu directo; et minor conatus quam patrati facinoris, ut sit pœnitentiæ locus. Sed in proditione in terrorem aliter statutum est.
In capital cases, the punishment of an evident intention is less, than an attempt by a direct act; and the punishment of the attempt is less, than that of the deed perpetrated, that there may be room for repentance: but in treason, it is determined otherwise, for terror.
In capital cases, the punishment of an evident intention is less, than an attempt by a direct act; and the punishment of the attempt is less, than that of the deed perpetrated, that there may be room for repentance: but in treason, it is determined otherwise, for terror.
In capitalibus quid, quomodo, quando, ubi, a quo factum, cum circumstantiis solemnibus, debent exponi.
In capital cases, the what, in what manner, and when, where, and by whom done, with the particular circumstances, ought to be explained.
In capital cases, the what, in what manner, and when, where, and by whom done, with the particular circumstances, ought to be explained.
In capitalibus sufficit generalis malitia cum facto paris gradus.
In capital cases, general malice, with a fact of an equal degree of guilt, is sufficient.
In capital cases, general malice, with a fact of an equal degree of guilt, is sufficient.
In casu extremæ necessitatis omnia sunt communia.
In a case of extreme necessity, all things are common.
In a case of extreme necessity, all things are common.
In civilibus ministerium excusat, in criminalibus non item.
In civil cases, the situation of a servant excuses, but not so in criminal cases.
In civil cases, the situation of a servant excuses, but not so in criminal cases.
In civilibus proxima et directa præstare quis tenetur; in criminalibus etiam consequentia.
In civil cases, one is bound to perform the nearest and direct things; but in criminal cases, even consequent things.
In civil cases, one is bound to perform the nearest and direct things; but in criminal cases, even consequent things.
In civilibus voluntas pro facto reputabitur.
In civil cases, the will shall be considered for the deed.
In civil cases, the will shall be considered for the deed.
In conjunctivis oportet utramque partem esse veram.
In co-partnerships, it is necessary that each party be true.
In co-partnerships, it is necessary that each party be true.
In consimili casu, consimile debet esse remedium.
In a similar case there ought to be a similar remedy.
In a similar case there ought to be a similar remedy.
In consuetudinibus non diuturnitas temporis sed soliditas rationis est consideranda.
In customs, not continuance of time, but solidity of reason, is to be considered.
In customs, not continuance of time, but solidity of reason, is to be considered.
In contractibus, benigna; in testamentis benignior; in restitutionibus, benignissima interpretatio facienda est.
In contracts, an interpretation must be made favourable; in testaments more favourable; in restitutions most favourable of all.
In contracts, an interpretation must be made favourable; in testaments more favourable; in restitutions most favourable of all.
In contrahenda venditione ambiguum pactum contra venditorem interpretandum est.
In contracting a sale, a doubtful bargain is to be interpreted against the seller.
In contracting a sale, a doubtful bargain is to be interpreted against the seller.
In criminalibus probationes debent esse luce clariores.
In criminal cases, proofs ought to be clearer than the sun.
In criminal cases, proofs ought to be clearer than the sun.
In criminalibus voluntas pro facto non reputabitur.
In criminal cases, the will must not be considered as the deed.
In criminal cases, the will must not be considered as the deed.
In disjunctivis sufficit alteram partem esse veram.
In dissolution of partnerships, it is sufficient that one party be true.
In dissolution of partnerships, it is sufficient that one party be true.
In dubiis magis dignum est accipiendum.
In doubtful cases, the more worthy is to be taken.
In doubtful cases, the more worthy is to be taken.
In dubiis non præsumitur pro testamento.
In doubtful cases, there is no presumption for a will.
In doubtful cases, there is no presumption for a will.
In eo quod plus sit, semper inest et minus.
In that where there is more, there is less also included.
In that where there is more, there is less also included.
In eo quod vel is, qui petit, vel is, a quo petitur lucri factus est, durior causa est petitoris.
In that which either he who seeks, or he from whom it is sought, for the sake of gain, the cause of the applicant is harder.
In that which either he who seeks, or he from whom it is sought, for the sake of gain, the cause of the applicant is harder.
In favorabilibus, magis attenditur quod prodest quam quod nocet.
In favourable cases, we rather attend to what does good, than to what does hurt.
In favourable cases, we rather attend to what does good, than to what does hurt.
In favorem vitæ, libertatis et innocentiæ, omnia præsumuntur.
In favour of life, liberty, and innocence, all things are presumed.
In favour of life, liberty, and innocence, all things are presumed.
In fictione juris semper subsistit æquitas.
Equity always subsists on the supposition of right.
Equity always subsists on the supposition of right.
In hæredes non solent transire actiones quæ pœnales ex maleficio sunt.
Heirs are not liable to actions which are penal from injury.
Heirs are not liable to actions which are penal from injury.
In his quæ de jure communi omnibus concedentur, consuetudo alicujus patriæ vel loci est alleganda.
In those things which are conceded to all by common right, the custom of any country or place is to be alleged. [SeeTranscriber’s Note.]
In those things which are conceded to all by common right, the custom of any country or place is to be alleged. [SeeTranscriber’s Note.]
In judicio non creditur nisi juratis.
In a trial, none are believed but those who are sworn.
In a trial, none are believed but those who are sworn.
In jure non remota causa, sed proxima spectatur.
On a trial, not the remote cause, but the nearest is regarded.
On a trial, not the remote cause, but the nearest is regarded.
In lege omnia semper in præsenti stare censentur.
In law, all things are always judged to stand in their present state.
In law, all things are always judged to stand in their present state.
In maxima potentia minima licentia.
In the greatest power there is the least liberty.
In the greatest power there is the least liberty.
In negotiis contrahendis alia causa habita est furiosorum, alia eorum qui fari possunt, quamvis actum rei intelligerent; nam furiosus nullum negotium contrahere potest; pupillus omnia, tutore, auctore, agere potest.
In contracting business, the cause of madmen is to be considered one thing, and the cause of those who can speak another, in so far as they understand the transaction of a matter; for a madman can contract no business; a pupil can do all things with the authority of his guardian.
In contracting business, the cause of madmen is to be considered one thing, and the cause of those who can speak another, in so far as they understand the transaction of a matter; for a madman can contract no business; a pupil can do all things with the authority of his guardian.
In novo casu novum remedium apponendum est.
In an extraordinary case, an extraordinary remedy must be applied.
In an extraordinary case, an extraordinary remedy must be applied.
In obscuris, inspici solere quod verisimile esset, aut quod plerumque fieri solet.
In obscure cases, what is probable is wont to be looked to; or what for the most part is used to be done.
In obscure cases, what is probable is wont to be looked to; or what for the most part is used to be done.
In odium spoliatoris omnia præsumuntur.
All things are presumed in hatred of a defrauder.
All things are presumed in hatred of a defrauder.
In omnibus causis pro facto accipitur id, in quo per alium moræ sit, quo minus fiat.
In all causes, that is taken for a fact, in which by means of another there may be a hinderance to prevent its being done.
In all causes, that is taken for a fact, in which by means of another there may be a hinderance to prevent its being done.
In omnibus fere minori ætati succurritur.
In all cases aid is given to minors.
In all cases aid is given to minors.
In omnibus obligationibus, in quibus dies non ponitur, præsenti die debitur.
In all obligations in which a day is not fixed, it is due on the present day.
In all obligations in which a day is not fixed, it is due on the present day.
In omnibus quidem, maxime tamen in jure, æquitas spectanda est.
In all things indeed, chiefly however in law, equity is to be regarded.
In all things indeed, chiefly however in law, equity is to be regarded.
In pari causa possessor potior haberi debet.
In an equal cause a possessor ought to be reckoned preferable.
In an equal cause a possessor ought to be reckoned preferable.
In pari delicto potior est conditio defendentis.
In an equal delict the state of the defender is better.
In an equal delict the state of the defender is better.
In præsentia majoris cessat potentia minoris.
In the presence of the greater, the power of the lesser ceases.
In the presence of the greater, the power of the lesser ceases.
In pœnalibus causis benignius interpretandum est.
In penal causes we ought to interpret more mercifully.
In penal causes we ought to interpret more mercifully.
In re dubia magis inficiatio quam affirmatio intelligenda.
In a doubtful affair denial rather than affirmation is to be understood.
In a doubtful affair denial rather than affirmation is to be understood.
In re obscura melius est favere repetitioni quam adventitio lucro.
In an obscure case it is better to favour repetition than adventitious gain.
In an obscure case it is better to favour repetition than adventitious gain.
In rebus manifestis errat qui authoritates legum allegat: quia perspicua vera non sunt probanda.
In evident things he errs who alleges the authorities of the laws, because self-evident truths are not to be proved.
In evident things he errs who alleges the authorities of the laws, because self-evident truths are not to be proved.
In rebus novis constituendis evidens esse utilites debet, ut recedatur ab eo jure, quod diu æquum visum est.
In settling new matters, the utility of doing so ought to be evident, so that we may depart from that law which long seemed just.
In settling new matters, the utility of doing so ought to be evident, so that we may depart from that law which long seemed just.
In rebus, quæ sunt favorabilia animæ, quam vis sunt damnosa rebus, fiat aliquando extensio statuti.
In things which are favourable for life, although they be hurtful to property, sometimes there may be an extension of the statute.
In things which are favourable for life, although they be hurtful to property, sometimes there may be an extension of the statute.
In republica maxime sunt conservanda jura belli.
In a state, the laws of war are by all means to be observed.
In a state, the laws of war are by all means to be observed.
In restitutionem non in pœnam hæres succedit.
An heir succeeds to restitution not to punishment.
An heir succeeds to restitution not to punishment.
In rex non potest conjunctim tenere cum alio.
A king cannot hold conjunctly with another.
A king cannot hold conjunctly with another.
In satisfactionibus non permittitur amplius fiere quam semel factum est.
In satisfaction, it is not allowed, that more should be done than what has once been done.
In satisfaction, it is not allowed, that more should be done than what has once been done.
In testamentis plenius voluntates testantium interpretantur.
In testaments the intention of the testators are most fully interpreted.
In testaments the intention of the testators are most fully interpreted.
In testamentis ratio tacita non debet considerari.
In testaments a silent reason ought not to be considered.
In testaments a silent reason ought not to be considered.
In toto jure generi per speciem derogatur, et illud potissimum habetur, quoad ad speciem directum est.
In the whole of law, species takes from genus, and that is considered a chief point, which has a reference to species.
In the whole of law, species takes from genus, and that is considered a chief point, which has a reference to species.
In verbis non verba sed res et ratio quærenda est.
In words, not the words themselves, but matter and reason are to be sought.
In words, not the words themselves, but matter and reason are to be sought.
Incerta pro nullis habentur.
Uncertainties are accounted nullities.
Uncertainties are accounted nullities.
Incertum ex incerto pendens lege reprobatur.
An uncertainty depending upon an uncertainty, is reprobated in law.
An uncertainty depending upon an uncertainty, is reprobated in law.
Incidentia nolunt separari.
Incidents may not be separated.
Incidents may not be separated.
Incidentia rei tacite sequuntur.
The incidents of a thing follow it, as a matter of course.
The incidents of a thing follow it, as a matter of course.
Incivile est, nisi tota lege perspecta, una aliqua particula ejus proposita, judicare vel respondere.
To judge and answer is uncivil, if the whole law is not attended to, any one clause of it being merely proposed.
To judge and answer is uncivil, if the whole law is not attended to, any one clause of it being merely proposed.
Incivile est nisi tota sententia perspecta de aliqua parte judicare.
It is uncivil to judge of any part, unless the whole of a sentence be attended to.
It is uncivil to judge of any part, unless the whole of a sentence be attended to.
Inclusio unius est exclusio alterius.
The inclusion of one, is the exclusion of the other.
The inclusion of one, is the exclusion of the other.
Infans est qui propter defectum ætatis pro se fari nequeat.
He is a child who on account of defect of age, cannot speak for himself.
He is a child who on account of defect of age, cannot speak for himself.
Infantes de damno præstare tenentur, de pœna non item.
Children are obliged to performance concerning a loss, but not in like manner concerning punishment.
Children are obliged to performance concerning a loss, but not in like manner concerning punishment.
Infinitum in jure reprobatur.
What is unbounded, is reprobated in law.
What is unbounded, is reprobated in law.
Iniquum est alios permittere alios inhibere mercaturam.
It is unjust to allow some to merchandize, and to prohibit others.
It is unjust to allow some to merchandize, and to prohibit others.
Iniquum est aliquem rei sui esse judicem. In propria causa nemo judex.
It is unjust that any one be a judge of his own affair. No body is a judge in his own cause.
It is unjust that any one be a judge of his own affair. No body is a judge in his own cause.
Injuria non præsumitur.
Injury is not anticipated.
Injury is not anticipated.
Injuria propria non cadet in beneficium facientis.
An injury done to ones-self, will not fall to the benefit of the doer.
An injury done to ones-self, will not fall to the benefit of the doer.
Injuria servi dominium pertingit.
The master is liable for the damage done by his servant.
The master is liable for the damage done by his servant.
Innuendo non facit verba per se actioni obnoxia si aliter non essent.
An inuendo does not make words, of themselves obnoxious, liable to an action, if they were not so otherwise.
An inuendo does not make words, of themselves obnoxious, liable to an action, if they were not so otherwise.
Intentio legitime cognita, et legibus consentanea, maxime habenda.
An intention legitimately known and agreeable to the laws, is to be regarded in an especial manner.
An intention legitimately known and agreeable to the laws, is to be regarded in an especial manner.
Intentio mea imponit nomen operi meo.
My intention gives a name to my work.
My intention gives a name to my work.
Inter arma silent leges.
The laws are silent amidst arms.
The laws are silent amidst arms.
Interest reipublicæ ut judicia debitæ executioni mandentur.
It concerns the state that decisions be duly executed.
It concerns the state that decisions be duly executed.
Interest reipublicæ ne maleficia remaneant impunita.
It concerns the state that injuries do not remain unpunished.
It concerns the state that injuries do not remain unpunished.
Interest reipublicæ res judicatas non rescindere.
It concerns the state not to rescind matters that have been judged.
It concerns the state not to rescind matters that have been judged.
Interest reipublicæ ut sit finis litium.
It concerns the state, that there be an end to law suits.
It concerns the state, that there be an end to law suits.
Interest reipublicæ ut carceres sint in tuto.
It concerns the state that prisons be secure.
It concerns the state that prisons be secure.
Interest reipublicæ ut quilibet re sua bene utatur.
It concerns the state, that every one make good use of his own property.
It concerns the state, that every one make good use of his own property.
Interest reipublicæ ut bonis bene sit, et male malis, et suum cuique.
It concerns the state that it may be well with the good, ill with the wicked, and that every one may have his own.
It concerns the state that it may be well with the good, ill with the wicked, and that every one may have his own.
Interpretare et concordare leges legibus est optimus interpretandi modus.
To interpret and make the laws agree with laws, is the best way of interpreting them.
To interpret and make the laws agree with laws, is the best way of interpreting them.
Interpretatio fienda est ut res magis valeat quam pereat.
Such an interpretation ought to be made, as that a thing may either rather prosper than perish.
Such an interpretation ought to be made, as that a thing may either rather prosper than perish.
Invito beneficium non datur.
A favour is not bestowed on one unwilling to receive it.
A favour is not bestowed on one unwilling to receive it.
Invitat culpam qui peccatum præterit.
He encourages a fault, who passes over a transgression.
He encourages a fault, who passes over a transgression.
Invitus nemo rem cogitur defendere.
Nobody is compelled, when unwilling, to defend his property.
Nobody is compelled, when unwilling, to defend his property.
Ira hominis non implet justitium Dei.
The wrath of a man does not fulfil the justice of God.
The wrath of a man does not fulfil the justice of God.
Is damnum dat qui jubet dare, ejus vero nulla culpa est cui parere necesse est.
He occasions a loss, who gives orders to cause it; but no blame belongs to him who is under the necessity of obeying.
He occasions a loss, who gives orders to cause it; but no blame belongs to him who is under the necessity of obeying.
Is, qui actionem habet ad rem recuperandam, ipsam rem habere videtur.
He seems to have the property itself, who hath an action to recover it.
He seems to have the property itself, who hath an action to recover it.
Ita tuo utere ut alienum ne lædas.
Make such use of your own property, that you do not hurt another man’s.
Make such use of your own property, that you do not hurt another man’s.