[183]Eccl197-8, 591-2.[184]Nub71-2. Cf φελλέα in Isaeus VIII § 42 p 73.[185]Pax552, 1318.[186]Ach1018-36.[187]Eccl605,Av712.[188]Thucydides and the history of his agechaptersIII-VII.[189]See FrancotteL’industrie dans la Grèce anciennelivreIIcc 5-7.[190]Thucydides mythistoricuschapterII.[191]II14, 16. An earlier period is referred to inI126 §§ 7, 8.[192]II65 § 2.[193]I141.[194]Die Bevölkerung der Griechisch-Röm. Weltp 150.[195]I143.[196]Theopompus in Athenaeus 149 d.[197]I139 § 2.[198]VI91 § 7.[199]VII27 § 5.[200]Trygaeus in AristophPaxis a farmer from this district.[201]III73,VIII40 § 2.[202]III88 § 3.[203]II62 § 3.[204]opus citchaptersIV,VII.[205]For instance, in Euboea and Aegina.[206]III50. Herodes, whose murder was later the occasion of a speech of Antiphon, is thought to have been one of the cleruchs.[207]Arnold’s note explains the situation well, and Beloch p 83 agrees.[208]See the inscription relative to Brea, G F HillSourcesIII317.[209]See the hint in the speech of PericlesI143 § 4.[210]That there was normally much insecurity in rustic life in some parts of Greece, may be inferred from the dance-scene of the farmer and the robber, acted by men from north central Greece inAnabasisVI1 §§ 7, 8. Daubeny’s Lectures pp 17, 18.[211]HellenicaII1 § 1.[212]HellenicaVI2 § 37.[213]ArPolVII6 § 8.[214]AnabIII2 § 26.[215]AnabVI4 § 8.[216]AnabI2 § 27,V6 § 13,VII3 § 48, 8 §§ 12-19.[217]AnabIV1 §§ 12, 13.[218]AnabV3 § 4.[219]AnabIV8 § 4. It does not appear that the man rejoined his native tribe.[220]AnabVII7 § 53.[221]See the protest of Callicratidas,HellenI6 § 14, with Breitenbach’s note.[222]AnabVII1 § 36, 2 § 6, 3 § 3.[223]MemorabII7.[224]MemorI2 § 57,II7 §§ 4-11, 8.[225]MemorIII13 § 4.[226]MemorI1 § 16,IV2 §§ 22-31.[227]MemorI5 § 2.[228]MemorIII7 § 6, 9 §§ 11, 15.[229]Econ20 §§ 22 foll.[230]Econ12 § 3.[231]Econ3 §§ 1-5, 5 §§ 15, 16, 12 § 19.[232]Econ7-9, 12-14, 21.[233]Econ13 § 9, cf 9 § 5.[234]Econ12-15.[235]Econ14 § 8.[236]Econ14 § 9.[237]Econ5 § 4, 14 § 2, 20passim.[238]Econ5 § 6.[239]Econ1 § 4, 4 § 6.[240]cfMemorII7 §§ 7-10.[241]Econ11 §§ 9, 10.[242]Econ20passim.[243]Econ21 § 10.[244]Econ21 § 12.[245]Econ21 § 9.[246]MemorII8 especially § 3. For this suggestion that a free man should be steward of a rich man’s estate I can find no parallel. See the chapters onthe Roman agricultural writers. The case of the shepherd in JuvenalI107-8 is not parallel.[247]MemorII5 § 2. SeeVect4 § 22 for suggested employment of free citizens or aliens.[248]Vectigaliach 4passim.[249]CyropVII5 § 67,VIII3 §§ 36-41.[250]CyropIV4 §§ 5-12,VII5 §§ 36, 73.[251]CyropVIII1 §§ 43-4.[252]Cited from Kock’s edition 1880-8.[253]Menandrea, ed Körte 1910, Teubner.[254]Fragments 100-24. From other plays, 294, 387.[255]Cratinus 81, Pherecrates 212.[256]e.g. Antiphanes 265, Philemon 227, Menander 581, etc.[257]Philemon 95.[258]Philemon 213, Menander 68, 716, Hipparchus 2.[259]Menander 14, Posidippus 23 with Kock’s note.[260]Pherecrates 10, Crates 14.[261]Nicophon 13, 14.[262]AthenaeusVIpp 263, 267e-270a.[263]Menandrea pp 159-61 (fragments of Γεωργός).[264]Menandrea pp 157, 159.[265]opus citand Menander 97 Kock. For ἄγροικος connoting simplicity cf 794 ἄγροικος εἶναι προσποιεῖ πονηρὸς ὤν.[266]Menandrea p 155, 96 Kock.[267]Menandrea p 15 (lines 26, 40).[268]Menandrea p 13 (line 12, cf 111).[269]Menandrea p 5.[270]Menandrea p 25.[271]KockIIIp 473 (adespota 347).[272]Lucian, Timon 7, 8. Kock adesp 1434, note.[273]Menander 795.[274]Menander 642.[275]Menander 408.[276]Menander 63, τὰ κακῶς τρέφοντα χωρί’ ἀνδρείους ποιεῖ.[277]StobaeusflorLVI16 preserves an utterance of Socrates on labour, especially agricultural labour, as the basis of wellbeing, in which he remarks that ἐν τῇ γεωργίᾳ πάντα ἔνεστιν ὦν χρείαν ἔχομεν.[278]ἰδιωτῶν AristotlePolII7 § 1.[279]AristPolII6 § 13, 12 § 10.[280]AristPolII7 § 6 and Newman’s note.[281]AristPolII7, 8.[282]InThucydides and the history of his agechaptersIII-VII.[283]PoliticsIII13 § 2.[284]See Newman on ArPolII7 § 7.[285]ArPolII6 § 13.[286]ArPolII12 § 10.[287]ArPolII7 §§ 3-7.[288]PolII7passim.[289]PolII7 §§ 14, 15.[290]μυρίανδρονPolII8 §§ 2, 3, with notes in Newman.[291]‘Artisan’ is not quite = τεχνίτης. All professional work is included.[292]PolII7 §§ 8, 9. The probable influence of Spartan precedents is pointed out in Mr Newman’s note.[293]See the valuable discussion in Grundyop citchapterVIII.[294]Cf Isocrde pace§ 69 p 173, §§ 129-131 p 185.[295]Plato was evidently uneasy at the growing influence of metics, to judge from the jealous rule ofLawsp 850. This is in striking contrast with the view of Xenophon.[296]Laws630b, cf 697e.[297]SeeRepublic565aon the indifference of the handworking δῆμος. Cf Isocrde pace§ 52 p 170.[298]Cf XenophonhellVII5 § 27 on the ἀκρισία καὶ ταραχὴ intensified after Mantinea, 362BC.[299]Even Isocrates, who hated Sparta, says of it τὴν μάλιστα τὰ παλαιὰ διασώζουσαν,Helen§ 63 ρ 218, and attributes the merits of the Spartan government to imitation of Egypt,Busiris§ 17 p 225. He notes the moral change in Sparta,de pace§§ 95 foll pp 178-180.[300]Republicp 421e,Laws936c, 744e.[301]Laws736c, cfRep565a,b.[302]Republic421d.[303]Republ416d,e, 417, 464c, 543b.[304]Republ540e-541a.[305]Republ469-471.[306]Republ495d, 590c, 522b.Laws741.[307]Republ374c,d.[308]Republ433-4.[309]Republ468a.[310]That the speculations of Greek political writers were influenced by the traditions of a primitive communism is the view of Emil de LaveleyePrimitive propertych 10.[311]Republ463b.[312]Republ369b-373c.[313]Cf IsocratesPanath§ 180 p 271.[314]Republ547bfoll.[315]Republ550-2.[316]Laws756. SeeRep565awith Adam’s note.[317]Laws754.[318]SeePoliticus293-7, Grote’sPlatoIIIpp 309-10.[319]Laws737 foll, 922a-924a, called γεωμόροι 919d.[320]Laws744d,e.[321]Laws745c-e.[322]Laws842c-e.[323]Laws742.[324]Laws705.[325]Rustic slaves,Laws760e, 763a.[326]Laws832d. The artisans are not citizens, 846d-847b.[327]Laws806d.[328]Laws777c.[329]Laws777d-778a, cf 793e.[330]Laws838d.[331]Laws865c,d, cf 936c-e.[332]Laws720. SeeRep406 on medical treatment of δημιουργοί.[333]Case of domestics,Republ578-9.[334]Laws776-7.[335]Laws690b.[336]Politicus262d.[337]Politicus289-90,Republ371,Laws742a.[338]Republ467a,Laws720a,b.[339]Laws762e.[340]Laws823.[341]Republ344b.[342]Republ435e-436a,Laws747c.[343]Rep423b, 452c, 544d,Laws840e.[344]Laws886a, 887e.[345]It is not easy to reach a firm opinion on this matter. The inscribed records are nearly all of a much later age. But even a more informal method of manumission would surely, if common, have left more clearly marked traces in literature. See Index,Manumission.[346]The problem of the worn-out plantation slave was much discussed in the United States in slavery days. An interesting account of the difficulties arising from emancipation in British Guiana is given in J Rodway’sGuiana(1912) pp 114 foll.[347]Laws914-5, and an allusion inRepubl495e.[348]Laws914a, 932d.[349]See LysiasXXII, speech against the corn-dealers.[350]See for instance Andocidesde reditu§§ 20-1 p 22 (Cyprus), IsocratesTrapeziticus§ 57 p 370 (Bosporus).[351]Isocrde bigis§ 13 p 349.[352]IsocrPanegyricus§ 28 p 46, cf PlatoMenex237e.[353]Andocde myster§§ 92-3 p 12, Böckh-FränkelStaatshI372-7. For private letting of farm-lands see LysiasVII§ 4-10 pp 108-9 (one tenant was a freedman), IsaeusXI§ 42.[354]IsaeusVI§§ 19-22,VIII§ 35,XI§§ 41-4.[355]IsocrAreopagiticus§ 52 p 150.[356]LysiasI§§ 11, 13, p 92.[357]Antiphon fragm 50 Blass.[358]IsocrPanath§ 179 p 270.[359]IsocrPhilippus§§ 48-9 pp 91-2.
[183]Eccl197-8, 591-2.
[183]Eccl197-8, 591-2.
[184]Nub71-2. Cf φελλέα in Isaeus VIII § 42 p 73.
[184]Nub71-2. Cf φελλέα in Isaeus VIII § 42 p 73.
[185]Pax552, 1318.
[185]Pax552, 1318.
[186]Ach1018-36.
[186]Ach1018-36.
[187]Eccl605,Av712.
[187]Eccl605,Av712.
[188]Thucydides and the history of his agechaptersIII-VII.
[188]Thucydides and the history of his agechaptersIII-VII.
[189]See FrancotteL’industrie dans la Grèce anciennelivreIIcc 5-7.
[189]See FrancotteL’industrie dans la Grèce anciennelivreIIcc 5-7.
[190]Thucydides mythistoricuschapterII.
[190]Thucydides mythistoricuschapterII.
[191]II14, 16. An earlier period is referred to inI126 §§ 7, 8.
[191]II14, 16. An earlier period is referred to inI126 §§ 7, 8.
[192]II65 § 2.
[192]II65 § 2.
[193]I141.
[193]I141.
[194]Die Bevölkerung der Griechisch-Röm. Weltp 150.
[194]Die Bevölkerung der Griechisch-Röm. Weltp 150.
[195]I143.
[195]I143.
[196]Theopompus in Athenaeus 149 d.
[196]Theopompus in Athenaeus 149 d.
[197]I139 § 2.
[197]I139 § 2.
[198]VI91 § 7.
[198]VI91 § 7.
[199]VII27 § 5.
[199]VII27 § 5.
[200]Trygaeus in AristophPaxis a farmer from this district.
[200]Trygaeus in AristophPaxis a farmer from this district.
[201]III73,VIII40 § 2.
[201]III73,VIII40 § 2.
[202]III88 § 3.
[202]III88 § 3.
[203]II62 § 3.
[203]II62 § 3.
[204]opus citchaptersIV,VII.
[204]opus citchaptersIV,VII.
[205]For instance, in Euboea and Aegina.
[205]For instance, in Euboea and Aegina.
[206]III50. Herodes, whose murder was later the occasion of a speech of Antiphon, is thought to have been one of the cleruchs.
[206]III50. Herodes, whose murder was later the occasion of a speech of Antiphon, is thought to have been one of the cleruchs.
[207]Arnold’s note explains the situation well, and Beloch p 83 agrees.
[207]Arnold’s note explains the situation well, and Beloch p 83 agrees.
[208]See the inscription relative to Brea, G F HillSourcesIII317.
[208]See the inscription relative to Brea, G F HillSourcesIII317.
[209]See the hint in the speech of PericlesI143 § 4.
[209]See the hint in the speech of PericlesI143 § 4.
[210]That there was normally much insecurity in rustic life in some parts of Greece, may be inferred from the dance-scene of the farmer and the robber, acted by men from north central Greece inAnabasisVI1 §§ 7, 8. Daubeny’s Lectures pp 17, 18.
[210]That there was normally much insecurity in rustic life in some parts of Greece, may be inferred from the dance-scene of the farmer and the robber, acted by men from north central Greece inAnabasisVI1 §§ 7, 8. Daubeny’s Lectures pp 17, 18.
[211]HellenicaII1 § 1.
[211]HellenicaII1 § 1.
[212]HellenicaVI2 § 37.
[212]HellenicaVI2 § 37.
[213]ArPolVII6 § 8.
[213]ArPolVII6 § 8.
[214]AnabIII2 § 26.
[214]AnabIII2 § 26.
[215]AnabVI4 § 8.
[215]AnabVI4 § 8.
[216]AnabI2 § 27,V6 § 13,VII3 § 48, 8 §§ 12-19.
[216]AnabI2 § 27,V6 § 13,VII3 § 48, 8 §§ 12-19.
[217]AnabIV1 §§ 12, 13.
[217]AnabIV1 §§ 12, 13.
[218]AnabV3 § 4.
[218]AnabV3 § 4.
[219]AnabIV8 § 4. It does not appear that the man rejoined his native tribe.
[219]AnabIV8 § 4. It does not appear that the man rejoined his native tribe.
[220]AnabVII7 § 53.
[220]AnabVII7 § 53.
[221]See the protest of Callicratidas,HellenI6 § 14, with Breitenbach’s note.
[221]See the protest of Callicratidas,HellenI6 § 14, with Breitenbach’s note.
[222]AnabVII1 § 36, 2 § 6, 3 § 3.
[222]AnabVII1 § 36, 2 § 6, 3 § 3.
[223]MemorabII7.
[223]MemorabII7.
[224]MemorI2 § 57,II7 §§ 4-11, 8.
[224]MemorI2 § 57,II7 §§ 4-11, 8.
[225]MemorIII13 § 4.
[225]MemorIII13 § 4.
[226]MemorI1 § 16,IV2 §§ 22-31.
[226]MemorI1 § 16,IV2 §§ 22-31.
[227]MemorI5 § 2.
[227]MemorI5 § 2.
[228]MemorIII7 § 6, 9 §§ 11, 15.
[228]MemorIII7 § 6, 9 §§ 11, 15.
[229]Econ20 §§ 22 foll.
[229]Econ20 §§ 22 foll.
[230]Econ12 § 3.
[230]Econ12 § 3.
[231]Econ3 §§ 1-5, 5 §§ 15, 16, 12 § 19.
[231]Econ3 §§ 1-5, 5 §§ 15, 16, 12 § 19.
[232]Econ7-9, 12-14, 21.
[232]Econ7-9, 12-14, 21.
[233]Econ13 § 9, cf 9 § 5.
[233]Econ13 § 9, cf 9 § 5.
[234]Econ12-15.
[234]Econ12-15.
[235]Econ14 § 8.
[235]Econ14 § 8.
[236]Econ14 § 9.
[236]Econ14 § 9.
[237]Econ5 § 4, 14 § 2, 20passim.
[237]Econ5 § 4, 14 § 2, 20passim.
[238]Econ5 § 6.
[238]Econ5 § 6.
[239]Econ1 § 4, 4 § 6.
[239]Econ1 § 4, 4 § 6.
[240]cfMemorII7 §§ 7-10.
[240]cfMemorII7 §§ 7-10.
[241]Econ11 §§ 9, 10.
[241]Econ11 §§ 9, 10.
[242]Econ20passim.
[242]Econ20passim.
[243]Econ21 § 10.
[243]Econ21 § 10.
[244]Econ21 § 12.
[244]Econ21 § 12.
[245]Econ21 § 9.
[245]Econ21 § 9.
[246]MemorII8 especially § 3. For this suggestion that a free man should be steward of a rich man’s estate I can find no parallel. See the chapters onthe Roman agricultural writers. The case of the shepherd in JuvenalI107-8 is not parallel.
[246]MemorII8 especially § 3. For this suggestion that a free man should be steward of a rich man’s estate I can find no parallel. See the chapters onthe Roman agricultural writers. The case of the shepherd in JuvenalI107-8 is not parallel.
[247]MemorII5 § 2. SeeVect4 § 22 for suggested employment of free citizens or aliens.
[247]MemorII5 § 2. SeeVect4 § 22 for suggested employment of free citizens or aliens.
[248]Vectigaliach 4passim.
[248]Vectigaliach 4passim.
[249]CyropVII5 § 67,VIII3 §§ 36-41.
[249]CyropVII5 § 67,VIII3 §§ 36-41.
[250]CyropIV4 §§ 5-12,VII5 §§ 36, 73.
[250]CyropIV4 §§ 5-12,VII5 §§ 36, 73.
[251]CyropVIII1 §§ 43-4.
[251]CyropVIII1 §§ 43-4.
[252]Cited from Kock’s edition 1880-8.
[252]Cited from Kock’s edition 1880-8.
[253]Menandrea, ed Körte 1910, Teubner.
[253]Menandrea, ed Körte 1910, Teubner.
[254]Fragments 100-24. From other plays, 294, 387.
[254]Fragments 100-24. From other plays, 294, 387.
[255]Cratinus 81, Pherecrates 212.
[255]Cratinus 81, Pherecrates 212.
[256]e.g. Antiphanes 265, Philemon 227, Menander 581, etc.
[256]e.g. Antiphanes 265, Philemon 227, Menander 581, etc.
[257]Philemon 95.
[257]Philemon 95.
[258]Philemon 213, Menander 68, 716, Hipparchus 2.
[258]Philemon 213, Menander 68, 716, Hipparchus 2.
[259]Menander 14, Posidippus 23 with Kock’s note.
[259]Menander 14, Posidippus 23 with Kock’s note.
[260]Pherecrates 10, Crates 14.
[260]Pherecrates 10, Crates 14.
[261]Nicophon 13, 14.
[261]Nicophon 13, 14.
[262]AthenaeusVIpp 263, 267e-270a.
[262]AthenaeusVIpp 263, 267e-270a.
[263]Menandrea pp 159-61 (fragments of Γεωργός).
[263]Menandrea pp 159-61 (fragments of Γεωργός).
[264]Menandrea pp 157, 159.
[264]Menandrea pp 157, 159.
[265]opus citand Menander 97 Kock. For ἄγροικος connoting simplicity cf 794 ἄγροικος εἶναι προσποιεῖ πονηρὸς ὤν.
[265]opus citand Menander 97 Kock. For ἄγροικος connoting simplicity cf 794 ἄγροικος εἶναι προσποιεῖ πονηρὸς ὤν.
[266]Menandrea p 155, 96 Kock.
[266]Menandrea p 155, 96 Kock.
[267]Menandrea p 15 (lines 26, 40).
[267]Menandrea p 15 (lines 26, 40).
[268]Menandrea p 13 (line 12, cf 111).
[268]Menandrea p 13 (line 12, cf 111).
[269]Menandrea p 5.
[269]Menandrea p 5.
[270]Menandrea p 25.
[270]Menandrea p 25.
[271]KockIIIp 473 (adespota 347).
[271]KockIIIp 473 (adespota 347).
[272]Lucian, Timon 7, 8. Kock adesp 1434, note.
[272]Lucian, Timon 7, 8. Kock adesp 1434, note.
[273]Menander 795.
[273]Menander 795.
[274]Menander 642.
[274]Menander 642.
[275]Menander 408.
[275]Menander 408.
[276]Menander 63, τὰ κακῶς τρέφοντα χωρί’ ἀνδρείους ποιεῖ.
[276]Menander 63, τὰ κακῶς τρέφοντα χωρί’ ἀνδρείους ποιεῖ.
[277]StobaeusflorLVI16 preserves an utterance of Socrates on labour, especially agricultural labour, as the basis of wellbeing, in which he remarks that ἐν τῇ γεωργίᾳ πάντα ἔνεστιν ὦν χρείαν ἔχομεν.
[277]StobaeusflorLVI16 preserves an utterance of Socrates on labour, especially agricultural labour, as the basis of wellbeing, in which he remarks that ἐν τῇ γεωργίᾳ πάντα ἔνεστιν ὦν χρείαν ἔχομεν.
[278]ἰδιωτῶν AristotlePolII7 § 1.
[278]ἰδιωτῶν AristotlePolII7 § 1.
[279]AristPolII6 § 13, 12 § 10.
[279]AristPolII6 § 13, 12 § 10.
[280]AristPolII7 § 6 and Newman’s note.
[280]AristPolII7 § 6 and Newman’s note.
[281]AristPolII7, 8.
[281]AristPolII7, 8.
[282]InThucydides and the history of his agechaptersIII-VII.
[282]InThucydides and the history of his agechaptersIII-VII.
[283]PoliticsIII13 § 2.
[283]PoliticsIII13 § 2.
[284]See Newman on ArPolII7 § 7.
[284]See Newman on ArPolII7 § 7.
[285]ArPolII6 § 13.
[285]ArPolII6 § 13.
[286]ArPolII12 § 10.
[286]ArPolII12 § 10.
[287]ArPolII7 §§ 3-7.
[287]ArPolII7 §§ 3-7.
[288]PolII7passim.
[288]PolII7passim.
[289]PolII7 §§ 14, 15.
[289]PolII7 §§ 14, 15.
[290]μυρίανδρονPolII8 §§ 2, 3, with notes in Newman.
[290]μυρίανδρονPolII8 §§ 2, 3, with notes in Newman.
[291]‘Artisan’ is not quite = τεχνίτης. All professional work is included.
[291]‘Artisan’ is not quite = τεχνίτης. All professional work is included.
[292]PolII7 §§ 8, 9. The probable influence of Spartan precedents is pointed out in Mr Newman’s note.
[292]PolII7 §§ 8, 9. The probable influence of Spartan precedents is pointed out in Mr Newman’s note.
[293]See the valuable discussion in Grundyop citchapterVIII.
[293]See the valuable discussion in Grundyop citchapterVIII.
[294]Cf Isocrde pace§ 69 p 173, §§ 129-131 p 185.
[294]Cf Isocrde pace§ 69 p 173, §§ 129-131 p 185.
[295]Plato was evidently uneasy at the growing influence of metics, to judge from the jealous rule ofLawsp 850. This is in striking contrast with the view of Xenophon.
[295]Plato was evidently uneasy at the growing influence of metics, to judge from the jealous rule ofLawsp 850. This is in striking contrast with the view of Xenophon.
[296]Laws630b, cf 697e.
[296]Laws630b, cf 697e.
[297]SeeRepublic565aon the indifference of the handworking δῆμος. Cf Isocrde pace§ 52 p 170.
[297]SeeRepublic565aon the indifference of the handworking δῆμος. Cf Isocrde pace§ 52 p 170.
[298]Cf XenophonhellVII5 § 27 on the ἀκρισία καὶ ταραχὴ intensified after Mantinea, 362BC.
[298]Cf XenophonhellVII5 § 27 on the ἀκρισία καὶ ταραχὴ intensified after Mantinea, 362BC.
[299]Even Isocrates, who hated Sparta, says of it τὴν μάλιστα τὰ παλαιὰ διασώζουσαν,Helen§ 63 ρ 218, and attributes the merits of the Spartan government to imitation of Egypt,Busiris§ 17 p 225. He notes the moral change in Sparta,de pace§§ 95 foll pp 178-180.
[299]Even Isocrates, who hated Sparta, says of it τὴν μάλιστα τὰ παλαιὰ διασώζουσαν,Helen§ 63 ρ 218, and attributes the merits of the Spartan government to imitation of Egypt,Busiris§ 17 p 225. He notes the moral change in Sparta,de pace§§ 95 foll pp 178-180.
[300]Republicp 421e,Laws936c, 744e.
[300]Republicp 421e,Laws936c, 744e.
[301]Laws736c, cfRep565a,b.
[301]Laws736c, cfRep565a,b.
[302]Republic421d.
[302]Republic421d.
[303]Republ416d,e, 417, 464c, 543b.
[303]Republ416d,e, 417, 464c, 543b.
[304]Republ540e-541a.
[304]Republ540e-541a.
[305]Republ469-471.
[305]Republ469-471.
[306]Republ495d, 590c, 522b.Laws741.
[306]Republ495d, 590c, 522b.Laws741.
[307]Republ374c,d.
[307]Republ374c,d.
[308]Republ433-4.
[308]Republ433-4.
[309]Republ468a.
[309]Republ468a.
[310]That the speculations of Greek political writers were influenced by the traditions of a primitive communism is the view of Emil de LaveleyePrimitive propertych 10.
[310]That the speculations of Greek political writers were influenced by the traditions of a primitive communism is the view of Emil de LaveleyePrimitive propertych 10.
[311]Republ463b.
[311]Republ463b.
[312]Republ369b-373c.
[312]Republ369b-373c.
[313]Cf IsocratesPanath§ 180 p 271.
[313]Cf IsocratesPanath§ 180 p 271.
[314]Republ547bfoll.
[314]Republ547bfoll.
[315]Republ550-2.
[315]Republ550-2.
[316]Laws756. SeeRep565awith Adam’s note.
[316]Laws756. SeeRep565awith Adam’s note.
[317]Laws754.
[317]Laws754.
[318]SeePoliticus293-7, Grote’sPlatoIIIpp 309-10.
[318]SeePoliticus293-7, Grote’sPlatoIIIpp 309-10.
[319]Laws737 foll, 922a-924a, called γεωμόροι 919d.
[319]Laws737 foll, 922a-924a, called γεωμόροι 919d.
[320]Laws744d,e.
[320]Laws744d,e.
[321]Laws745c-e.
[321]Laws745c-e.
[322]Laws842c-e.
[322]Laws842c-e.
[323]Laws742.
[323]Laws742.
[324]Laws705.
[324]Laws705.
[325]Rustic slaves,Laws760e, 763a.
[325]Rustic slaves,Laws760e, 763a.
[326]Laws832d. The artisans are not citizens, 846d-847b.
[326]Laws832d. The artisans are not citizens, 846d-847b.
[327]Laws806d.
[327]Laws806d.
[328]Laws777c.
[328]Laws777c.
[329]Laws777d-778a, cf 793e.
[329]Laws777d-778a, cf 793e.
[330]Laws838d.
[330]Laws838d.
[331]Laws865c,d, cf 936c-e.
[331]Laws865c,d, cf 936c-e.
[332]Laws720. SeeRep406 on medical treatment of δημιουργοί.
[332]Laws720. SeeRep406 on medical treatment of δημιουργοί.
[333]Case of domestics,Republ578-9.
[333]Case of domestics,Republ578-9.
[334]Laws776-7.
[334]Laws776-7.
[335]Laws690b.
[335]Laws690b.
[336]Politicus262d.
[336]Politicus262d.
[337]Politicus289-90,Republ371,Laws742a.
[337]Politicus289-90,Republ371,Laws742a.
[338]Republ467a,Laws720a,b.
[338]Republ467a,Laws720a,b.
[339]Laws762e.
[339]Laws762e.
[340]Laws823.
[340]Laws823.
[341]Republ344b.
[341]Republ344b.
[342]Republ435e-436a,Laws747c.
[342]Republ435e-436a,Laws747c.
[343]Rep423b, 452c, 544d,Laws840e.
[343]Rep423b, 452c, 544d,Laws840e.
[344]Laws886a, 887e.
[344]Laws886a, 887e.
[345]It is not easy to reach a firm opinion on this matter. The inscribed records are nearly all of a much later age. But even a more informal method of manumission would surely, if common, have left more clearly marked traces in literature. See Index,Manumission.
[345]It is not easy to reach a firm opinion on this matter. The inscribed records are nearly all of a much later age. But even a more informal method of manumission would surely, if common, have left more clearly marked traces in literature. See Index,Manumission.
[346]The problem of the worn-out plantation slave was much discussed in the United States in slavery days. An interesting account of the difficulties arising from emancipation in British Guiana is given in J Rodway’sGuiana(1912) pp 114 foll.
[346]The problem of the worn-out plantation slave was much discussed in the United States in slavery days. An interesting account of the difficulties arising from emancipation in British Guiana is given in J Rodway’sGuiana(1912) pp 114 foll.
[347]Laws914-5, and an allusion inRepubl495e.
[347]Laws914-5, and an allusion inRepubl495e.
[348]Laws914a, 932d.
[348]Laws914a, 932d.
[349]See LysiasXXII, speech against the corn-dealers.
[349]See LysiasXXII, speech against the corn-dealers.
[350]See for instance Andocidesde reditu§§ 20-1 p 22 (Cyprus), IsocratesTrapeziticus§ 57 p 370 (Bosporus).
[350]See for instance Andocidesde reditu§§ 20-1 p 22 (Cyprus), IsocratesTrapeziticus§ 57 p 370 (Bosporus).
[351]Isocrde bigis§ 13 p 349.
[351]Isocrde bigis§ 13 p 349.
[352]IsocrPanegyricus§ 28 p 46, cf PlatoMenex237e.
[352]IsocrPanegyricus§ 28 p 46, cf PlatoMenex237e.
[353]Andocde myster§§ 92-3 p 12, Böckh-FränkelStaatshI372-7. For private letting of farm-lands see LysiasVII§ 4-10 pp 108-9 (one tenant was a freedman), IsaeusXI§ 42.
[353]Andocde myster§§ 92-3 p 12, Böckh-FränkelStaatshI372-7. For private letting of farm-lands see LysiasVII§ 4-10 pp 108-9 (one tenant was a freedman), IsaeusXI§ 42.
[354]IsaeusVI§§ 19-22,VIII§ 35,XI§§ 41-4.
[354]IsaeusVI§§ 19-22,VIII§ 35,XI§§ 41-4.
[355]IsocrAreopagiticus§ 52 p 150.
[355]IsocrAreopagiticus§ 52 p 150.
[356]LysiasI§§ 11, 13, p 92.
[356]LysiasI§§ 11, 13, p 92.
[357]Antiphon fragm 50 Blass.
[357]Antiphon fragm 50 Blass.
[358]IsocrPanath§ 179 p 270.
[358]IsocrPanath§ 179 p 270.
[359]IsocrPhilippus§§ 48-9 pp 91-2.
[359]IsocrPhilippus§§ 48-9 pp 91-2.