[1624]Ibid.f.8.[1625]PlateVIII.b.[1626]See above, p.536.[1627]Something of the kind is observable at the base of the other legs in this tribe.[1628]MonroOn the Bones, 160.[1629]PlateVIII.d´.[1630]Ibid.Fig.7.d´.[1631]Kirby inLinn. Trans.xiv.t.iii.f.4. i.[1632]It is doubtful whether M. Latreille'sHarpalus megacephalusis synonymous withCarabus megacephalusFab. Comp.Gen. Crust. et Ins.i. 206. withSyst. Eleuth.i. 187. 95.[1633]Vol.II. p.317—.[1634]PlateVIII.Fig.11.b.[1635]Linn. Trans.iv. 53.[1636]Syst. Nat.i. Cancer. Scorpio.[1637]Moses, when he describes insects as going uponfourlegs, evidently considers the anterior pair asarms; Bochart does the same.Levit.xi. 20—.Hierozoic.ii. 497.[1638]PlateXXVII.Fig.31.[1639]PlateXV.Fig.5, 6.[1640]Samouellet.v.f.4.[1641]PlateIX.g.[1642]LatreilleOrganization&c., 199. ChabrierSur le Vol des Ins.c. i. 412. c. iv. 54, &c.[1643]InChlorion,Ammophila, &c., this part separates more readily from the alitrunk.[1644]ChabrierSur le Vol des Ins.c. i. 413—. c. iv. 54. This author seems to regard thecollaras something peculiar toHymenoptera.[1645]See above, p.536.[1646]PlateIX.Fig.11.[1647]PlateIX.Fig.6. a.[1648]Ibid.Fig.7.g´.[1649]M. Chabrier (Vol. des Ins.) supposes that thehummingof insects is produced by the exit of the superfluous air from their thoracic spiracles, &c.; inMelolonthahe thinks they are in themetathoraxunder the wings (c. i. 457—.PlateXXII.Fig.13. c. †. represents theoperculumof one of those ofDytiscus marginalis): in theHymenoptera, in themesothorax, near the posterior lobes of the collar (Ibid. 459. c. iv. 50.); and in theDiptera, in themetathorax, near the poiser (c. i. 457). I observed myself lately, thatElophilus tenax, if held by the anterior part of the body, when it hummed, alternately opened and shut this spiracle. The wings during the sound vibrated intensely. The hum ceased and was renewed, as they were restrained from this motion or released from restraint; when the wing was moved towards the head, a different sound was emitted from that produced when it merely vibrated.[1650]PlateIX.Fig.11.g´.[1651]PlatesVIII.IX.i´.[1652]When theprothoraxis separated from the elytra by a kind of isthmus, as inScarites,Passalus, &c., thedorsolumis more or less uncovered.[1653]PlateVIII.Fig.16. 20.i´.[1654]PlateIX.Fig.7.i´.[1655]Ibid.Fig.10.i´.k´.[1656]Ibid.Fig.1.i´.k´.[1657]Ibid.Fig.11. i´.[1658]PlatesVIII.IX.XXVIII.k´.[1659]Audoin, Chabrier, &c.[1660]Olivier. He seems also to have thought that neither theOrthopteranor HomopterousHemipterahave this part.N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.x. 112.[1661]PlateVIII.Fig.3.k´.[1662]InMacraspisMacLeay it is often half as big as an elytrum.[1663]PlateVIII.Fig.12.k´.[1664]Mr. W. S. MacLeay opposes theHemipterato theOrthoptera, theHomopterato theNeuroptera, and theApterato theColeoptera: but if analogous structure be made the guide, I think my arrangement will be found most correct.Hor. Entomolog. 367.[1665]PlateVIII.Fig.20.k´.[1666]Ibid.Fig.16.k´.[1667]PlateIX.Fig.1.k´.N. B. This is fromCossusF.[1668]PlateIX.Fig.7.k´.[1669]Ibid.Fig.11, 15.k´.[1670]Mon. Ap. Angl.i.t.vi.Apis.** a.f.2.a a.[1671]StollCigalest.xxviii.f.164.[1672]PlateIX.Fig.12.k´.[1673]PlatesVIII.IX.XXVIII.l'.[1674]PlateXXIII.Fig.6.e´´´.[1675]PlateVIII.Fig.12.l´.[1676]Ibid.Fig.20.l´.[1677]PlateXXVIII.Fig.11.l´.[1678]ChabrierSur le Vol des Ins.c. iii.t.viii-v. B.i.[1679]PlateIX.Fig.7.m´.[1680]ChabrierSur le Vol des Ins.c. iii. 354.[1681]From πνυμι to breathe and σέγω to cover.[1682]PlatesVIII.IX.n´.[1683]At first I had named this piece theantecosta, and themesostethiumthepostcosta; and there is certainly some analogy between the thorax of insects, consisting of several pieces that follow each other, and the vertebral column; between their threesternumsand thesternum, and between their other pieces and theribsof vertebrate animals. Comp. Chabrier,ubi supr.c. iv. 49. note 1.[1684]PlatesVIII.IX.o´.[1685]PlateVIII.Fig.12. 13.o´.z´.[1686]Ibid.Fig.17.o´.[1687]PlateIX.Fig.8.o´.z´.[1688]Ibid.o´.[1689]PlateIX.Fig.8. a.[1690]Ibid.Fig.12.o´.[1691]PlateVIII.Fig.3, 13.p´.[1692]Linn. Trans.xii.t.xxii.f.4.[1693]A remarkable instance of analogy is afforded by this genus. InErotylusthere are two groups; one distinguished by gibbous elytra, and the other by flatter ones. The same distinction is observable inSpheniscus; for to this genus belongsHelops fasciatusOliv., which represents the flatErotylí, and even individuallyErotylus trifasciatusOliv.,E. fasciatus F.[1694]I would restrict this name to the conical-headedLocustæF.[1695]PlateVIII.IX.t´.Linn. Trans.xi.t.ix.f.16. c.[1696]PlateVIII.Fig.3.t´.[1697]Ibid.Fig.12. Comp.i´,k´,l´, witht´,u´,v´.[1698]PlateIX.Fig.7.t´.[1699]Ibid.Fig.11.t´.[1700]PlateIX.Fig.19, 20.t´.[1701]See above, p.558—.[1702]PlatesVIII.IX.u´.[1703]PlateVIII.Fig.3.u´.[1704]Ibid.VIII.Fig.12.u´.PlateIX.7.u´.[1705]PlatesVIII.IX.v´.[1706]PlateVIII.Fig.3.v´.[1707]PlateVIII.Fig.12, 16.; andPlateIX.Fig.7.v´.[1708]PlateVIII.Fig.3.w´.[1709]PlateXXII.Fig.14.w´.[1710]PlateXXIX.Fig.25.w´.[1711]Ibid. andPlateVIII.Fig.12.; andPlateIX.Fig.7.k´´.[1712]Sur le Vol des Ins.c. iii. 354.[1713]See above, p.572.[1714]PlateIX.Fig.15.k´´.[1715]PlateIX.Fig.11.k´´.[1716]Ibid.Fig.20.k´´.[1717]PlatesVIII.IX.y´.[1718]PlateVIII.Fig.4.z´.[1719]Ibid.p´´.[1720]Ibid.y´.[1721]PlateVIII.Fig.13.y´.a´†.[1722]PlateXXVII.Fig.50.[1723]PlatesVIII.IX.z´.[1724]PlateVIII.Fig.4.z´.[1725]PlateXXIX.Fig.15.z´.[1726]PlateIX.Fig.8. z´.[1727]PlatesVIII.IX.a†.[1728]See above, p.565.[1729]PlateVIII.Fig.8.a†.[1730]De Geer iv.t.iv.f.3.d d.c c.[1731]PlateVIII.Fig.13.a†.[1732]The history of this parasite has been traced by Dr. Reid; but alas! this learned and acute observer of nature did not live to give his discoveries to the world: it is hoped, however, they will not be lost, being in most able hands.[1733]PlateVIII.Fig.18. andXXII.Fig.13.c†.[1734]Vol.II. p.405.[1735]Sur le Vol des Ins.c. i. 459.[1736]Ibid. 457—.[1737]PlateXXII.Fig.13.c†.[1738]Mem. sur les Anim. sans Vertèbr.45—.Hor. Entomolog.411—.[1739]PlateVIII.Fig.3.x´.IX.Fig.2.s´. andXXII.Fig.5-14.[1740]PlateXXII.Fig.8-11.[1741]Vol.II. p.318.[1742]PlateXXII.Fig.8, 11.h´.[1743]PlateXXII.Fig.9, 11.s´.[1744]Ibid.Fig.9. a a.[1745]Ibid.Fig.11. a.[1746]Ibid.b.[1747]PlateIX.Fig.2.s´.[1748]PlateXXII.Fig.10, 11.x´.Comp.Linn. Trans.xi.t.ix.f.16. g.[1749]PlateXXII.Fig.10, 11. d.[1750]Ibid.Fig.9. c.[1751]Ibid.Fig.10. a.[1752]Ibid.Fig.9-11.l´´.[1753]PlateXXII.Fig.5-7.[1754]Ibid.Fig.7.[1755]Ibid.a.[1756]Ibid.e´.[1757]See above,Vol.I. p.191. and II. p.257,366.[1758]This machine is described by Dr. Eschscholtz,Beiträge zur Naturkunde, &c. Heft. i. 24—.t.i. ii.[1759]PlateXXII.Fig.6.[1760]PlateXXII.Fig.6. a.[1761]Ibid.b.[1762]Ibid.Fig.5.b†.[1763]MacLeay,Horæ Entomolog.9. Chabrier,Sur le Vol des Ins.c. i. 417.[1764]PlateXXII.Fig.5. b b b.[1765]Ibid.c.[1766]Luke xii. 7.[1767]See above, p.397—.[1768]See above, p.580.[1769]ChabrierSur le Vol des Ins.c. i. 413—.[1770]See above, p.402.[1771]ChabrierSur le Vol des Ins.c. i. 446, 448, 451—.[1772]Ibid. 412.[1773]Ubi supr. c. ii. 333.[1774]According to M. Chabrier, who agrees with him, M. Latreille also is of opinion, that theparapleurais the analogue of the posteriorcoxæ.Ubi supra, c. ii. 312. Note 2.[1775]M. Latreille has changed the denomination of this Order toRhiphiptera, because at first he thought that these organs were not at all analogous to elytra or wings; but since, upon further investigation, he appears to admit that they assist in flight (Annales Génér. des Scienc. Phys.VI. xviii. 8. Compare MacLeay,Hor. Entom.423. Note *), in common justice he is bound to restore the name originally given to the Order. In the same place of the work here quoted, M. Latreille also speaks of thesepseudelytra, as I would call them, as appendages of themesothorax: but whoever consults Mr. Bauer's admirable figures ofXenos Peckii(Linn. Trans.xi.t.ix.), and is aware of the unimpeached and minute accuracy of that admirable microscopic artist, will be convinced that they belong to theanteriorlegs, and consequently to theprothorax.[1776]PlateX.andPlateXXVIII.Fig.18-23.[1777]Chabrier,Analyse, &c. 27.[1778]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.ix. 568. We have seen above (p. 578.) that the wings of insects are connected with their legs by thescapulaandparapleura.[1779]MacLeay,Hor. Entomolog.413—. Mr. MacLeay's opinion seems to receive some confirmation from a circumstance overlooked when thelarvæof insects were treated of above (p. 130—), and to which he alludes (411); namely, that inthatstate they consist of two segments more than in theimago; these follow the three pedigerous segments, have no pro-legs, and are supposed to belong to the trunk rather than to the abdomen. To make this circumstance bear upon the question, it must be proved that in the perfect insect these segments in some manner become the back of the trunk and bear the wings. This would not be more wonderful than many changes that are known to occur in insects.[1780]Latreille,Organization extérieure des Ins.173—.[1781]For instanceMeloe, the female glow-worm,Lygæus brevipennis,Ephemera diptera,Cynips aptera, neuter ants, &c. &c.[1782]See above, p.559.[1783]Chionea araneoïdesDolm.[1784]See above, p.560, andVol.II.348,352—.[1785]See above, p. 591, Note1775.[1786]De Geer, iii.t.xvii.f.10, 11.f f. M. Savigny has noticed a part in someAnnelides, which he regards as analogous toelytra.Système des Annelides, 4, 9, 11.[1787]Vol.II. p.346—.[1788]PlatesX.andXXVIII.b..[1789]Ibid.c..[1790]Ibid.d..[1791]PlateXXVIII.Fig.3-5.b´´´.[1792]ChabrierSur le Vol des Ins.c. i. 439.[1793]PlateXXVIII.Fig.10.[1794]Chabrierubi supr.[1795]PlateXXVIII.Fig.6-8.d´´´.[1796]Ibid.Fig.3-5.b´´´.[1797]PlateXXVIII.Fig.3.[1798]PlateX.Fig.1.c´´´.[1799]PlateX.Fig.1. c.[1800]PlateXXVIII.Fig.6-8.d´´´.[1801]PlateXXVIII.Fig.8.[1802]See above, p.582.[1803]See above, p.402—.[1804]Ibid.399.[1805]Sur le Vol des Ins.i. c. 428—. c. ii. 325.[1806]Oliv.Ins.No. 97.Cassida,t.i.f.10.[1807]See above, p.397—.[1808]See above, p.399—.[1809]M. Chabrier says that the arc described by thewingsofMelolontha vulgaristo that of theelytra, is as 200 to less than 50.Sur le Vol des Ins.c. i. 440.[1810]PlateX.Fig.2. andXXVIII.Fig.18-20.[1811]Magas.1806.Terminologie der Insekt.18. 1675.[1812]PlateX.Fig.2. is the tegmen of aBlattadivided into areas.[1813]Sur le Vol des Ins.c. ii. 327—.[1814]PlateX.Fig.2.b..[1815]Ibid.c..[1816]Ibid.d..[1817]Stoll,Cigales,t.viii.f.39.[1818]PlateX.Fig.2.[1819]StollGrillonst.i. c.f.2.[1820]Ibid.Spectrest.xxv.f.95. and xi.f.42.[1821]Ibid.t.ii.f.5.Grillonst.i. c.f.1.[1822]Ibid.Spectrest.xvi.f.58.[1823]Ibid.Sauterelles à Sabr.t.iii.f.7. By this name (Pterophylla) I distinguish thoseLocustæF. without a conical head that are veined like leaves.[1824]StollIbid.t.vi. a.f.18. andPlateXXVIII.Fig.19.[1825]StollSauterel. à Sabr.t.i-iii.[1826]Ibid.Spectrest.iv.f.14.[1827]Ibid.Cigalest.i.f.1, 3-5. andt.vi.f.31.[1828]StollCigalest.iii.f.12-15. andt.xvii.f.92.[1829]Linn. Trans.xii. 449, no. 96.[1830]Vol.I. p.395—.[1831]Linn. Trans.xiii.t.i.f.14.Flatashould come before this genus.[1832]Of this kind is one of Stoll'sCigales,t.xxv.f.141.[1833]PlateXXVIII.Fig.18.
[1624]Ibid.f.8.
[1625]PlateVIII.b.
[1626]See above, p.536.
[1627]Something of the kind is observable at the base of the other legs in this tribe.
[1628]MonroOn the Bones, 160.
[1629]PlateVIII.d´.
[1630]Ibid.Fig.7.d´.
[1631]Kirby inLinn. Trans.xiv.t.iii.f.4. i.
[1632]It is doubtful whether M. Latreille'sHarpalus megacephalusis synonymous withCarabus megacephalusFab. Comp.Gen. Crust. et Ins.i. 206. withSyst. Eleuth.i. 187. 95.
[1633]Vol.II. p.317—.
[1634]PlateVIII.Fig.11.b.
[1635]Linn. Trans.iv. 53.
[1636]Syst. Nat.i. Cancer. Scorpio.
[1637]Moses, when he describes insects as going uponfourlegs, evidently considers the anterior pair asarms; Bochart does the same.Levit.xi. 20—.Hierozoic.ii. 497.
[1638]PlateXXVII.Fig.31.
[1639]PlateXV.Fig.5, 6.
[1640]Samouellet.v.f.4.
[1641]PlateIX.g.
[1642]LatreilleOrganization&c., 199. ChabrierSur le Vol des Ins.c. i. 412. c. iv. 54, &c.
[1643]InChlorion,Ammophila, &c., this part separates more readily from the alitrunk.
[1644]ChabrierSur le Vol des Ins.c. i. 413—. c. iv. 54. This author seems to regard thecollaras something peculiar toHymenoptera.
[1645]See above, p.536.
[1646]PlateIX.Fig.11.
[1647]PlateIX.Fig.6. a.
[1648]Ibid.Fig.7.g´.
[1649]M. Chabrier (Vol. des Ins.) supposes that thehummingof insects is produced by the exit of the superfluous air from their thoracic spiracles, &c.; inMelolonthahe thinks they are in themetathoraxunder the wings (c. i. 457—.PlateXXII.Fig.13. c. †. represents theoperculumof one of those ofDytiscus marginalis): in theHymenoptera, in themesothorax, near the posterior lobes of the collar (Ibid. 459. c. iv. 50.); and in theDiptera, in themetathorax, near the poiser (c. i. 457). I observed myself lately, thatElophilus tenax, if held by the anterior part of the body, when it hummed, alternately opened and shut this spiracle. The wings during the sound vibrated intensely. The hum ceased and was renewed, as they were restrained from this motion or released from restraint; when the wing was moved towards the head, a different sound was emitted from that produced when it merely vibrated.
[1650]PlateIX.Fig.11.g´.
[1651]PlatesVIII.IX.i´.
[1652]When theprothoraxis separated from the elytra by a kind of isthmus, as inScarites,Passalus, &c., thedorsolumis more or less uncovered.
[1653]PlateVIII.Fig.16. 20.i´.
[1654]PlateIX.Fig.7.i´.
[1655]Ibid.Fig.10.i´.k´.
[1656]Ibid.Fig.1.i´.k´.
[1657]Ibid.Fig.11. i´.
[1658]PlatesVIII.IX.XXVIII.k´.
[1659]Audoin, Chabrier, &c.
[1660]Olivier. He seems also to have thought that neither theOrthopteranor HomopterousHemipterahave this part.N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.x. 112.
[1661]PlateVIII.Fig.3.k´.
[1662]InMacraspisMacLeay it is often half as big as an elytrum.
[1663]PlateVIII.Fig.12.k´.
[1664]Mr. W. S. MacLeay opposes theHemipterato theOrthoptera, theHomopterato theNeuroptera, and theApterato theColeoptera: but if analogous structure be made the guide, I think my arrangement will be found most correct.Hor. Entomolog. 367.
[1665]PlateVIII.Fig.20.k´.
[1666]Ibid.Fig.16.k´.
[1667]PlateIX.Fig.1.k´.N. B. This is fromCossusF.
[1668]PlateIX.Fig.7.k´.
[1669]Ibid.Fig.11, 15.k´.
[1670]Mon. Ap. Angl.i.t.vi.Apis.** a.f.2.a a.
[1671]StollCigalest.xxviii.f.164.
[1672]PlateIX.Fig.12.k´.
[1673]PlatesVIII.IX.XXVIII.l'.
[1674]PlateXXIII.Fig.6.e´´´.
[1675]PlateVIII.Fig.12.l´.
[1676]Ibid.Fig.20.l´.
[1677]PlateXXVIII.Fig.11.l´.
[1678]ChabrierSur le Vol des Ins.c. iii.t.viii-v. B.i.
[1679]PlateIX.Fig.7.m´.
[1680]ChabrierSur le Vol des Ins.c. iii. 354.
[1681]From πνυμι to breathe and σέγω to cover.
[1682]PlatesVIII.IX.n´.
[1683]At first I had named this piece theantecosta, and themesostethiumthepostcosta; and there is certainly some analogy between the thorax of insects, consisting of several pieces that follow each other, and the vertebral column; between their threesternumsand thesternum, and between their other pieces and theribsof vertebrate animals. Comp. Chabrier,ubi supr.c. iv. 49. note 1.
[1684]PlatesVIII.IX.o´.
[1685]PlateVIII.Fig.12. 13.o´.z´.
[1686]Ibid.Fig.17.o´.
[1687]PlateIX.Fig.8.o´.z´.
[1688]Ibid.o´.
[1689]PlateIX.Fig.8. a.
[1690]Ibid.Fig.12.o´.
[1691]PlateVIII.Fig.3, 13.p´.
[1692]Linn. Trans.xii.t.xxii.f.4.
[1693]A remarkable instance of analogy is afforded by this genus. InErotylusthere are two groups; one distinguished by gibbous elytra, and the other by flatter ones. The same distinction is observable inSpheniscus; for to this genus belongsHelops fasciatusOliv., which represents the flatErotylí, and even individuallyErotylus trifasciatusOliv.,E. fasciatus F.
[1694]I would restrict this name to the conical-headedLocustæF.
[1695]PlateVIII.IX.t´.Linn. Trans.xi.t.ix.f.16. c.
[1696]PlateVIII.Fig.3.t´.
[1697]Ibid.Fig.12. Comp.i´,k´,l´, witht´,u´,v´.
[1698]PlateIX.Fig.7.t´.
[1699]Ibid.Fig.11.t´.
[1700]PlateIX.Fig.19, 20.t´.
[1701]See above, p.558—.
[1702]PlatesVIII.IX.u´.
[1703]PlateVIII.Fig.3.u´.
[1704]Ibid.VIII.Fig.12.u´.PlateIX.7.u´.
[1705]PlatesVIII.IX.v´.
[1706]PlateVIII.Fig.3.v´.
[1707]PlateVIII.Fig.12, 16.; andPlateIX.Fig.7.v´.
[1708]PlateVIII.Fig.3.w´.
[1709]PlateXXII.Fig.14.w´.
[1710]PlateXXIX.Fig.25.w´.
[1711]Ibid. andPlateVIII.Fig.12.; andPlateIX.Fig.7.k´´.
[1712]Sur le Vol des Ins.c. iii. 354.
[1713]See above, p.572.
[1714]PlateIX.Fig.15.k´´.
[1715]PlateIX.Fig.11.k´´.
[1716]Ibid.Fig.20.k´´.
[1717]PlatesVIII.IX.y´.
[1718]PlateVIII.Fig.4.z´.
[1719]Ibid.p´´.
[1720]Ibid.y´.
[1721]PlateVIII.Fig.13.y´.a´†.
[1722]PlateXXVII.Fig.50.
[1723]PlatesVIII.IX.z´.
[1724]PlateVIII.Fig.4.z´.
[1725]PlateXXIX.Fig.15.z´.
[1726]PlateIX.Fig.8. z´.
[1727]PlatesVIII.IX.a†.
[1728]See above, p.565.
[1729]PlateVIII.Fig.8.a†.
[1730]De Geer iv.t.iv.f.3.d d.c c.
[1731]PlateVIII.Fig.13.a†.
[1732]The history of this parasite has been traced by Dr. Reid; but alas! this learned and acute observer of nature did not live to give his discoveries to the world: it is hoped, however, they will not be lost, being in most able hands.
[1733]PlateVIII.Fig.18. andXXII.Fig.13.c†.
[1734]Vol.II. p.405.
[1735]Sur le Vol des Ins.c. i. 459.
[1736]Ibid. 457—.
[1737]PlateXXII.Fig.13.c†.
[1738]Mem. sur les Anim. sans Vertèbr.45—.Hor. Entomolog.411—.
[1739]PlateVIII.Fig.3.x´.IX.Fig.2.s´. andXXII.Fig.5-14.
[1740]PlateXXII.Fig.8-11.
[1741]Vol.II. p.318.
[1742]PlateXXII.Fig.8, 11.h´.
[1743]PlateXXII.Fig.9, 11.s´.
[1744]Ibid.Fig.9. a a.
[1745]Ibid.Fig.11. a.
[1746]Ibid.b.
[1747]PlateIX.Fig.2.s´.
[1748]PlateXXII.Fig.10, 11.x´.Comp.Linn. Trans.xi.t.ix.f.16. g.
[1749]PlateXXII.Fig.10, 11. d.
[1750]Ibid.Fig.9. c.
[1751]Ibid.Fig.10. a.
[1752]Ibid.Fig.9-11.l´´.
[1753]PlateXXII.Fig.5-7.
[1754]Ibid.Fig.7.
[1755]Ibid.a.
[1756]Ibid.e´.
[1757]See above,Vol.I. p.191. and II. p.257,366.
[1758]This machine is described by Dr. Eschscholtz,Beiträge zur Naturkunde, &c. Heft. i. 24—.t.i. ii.
[1759]PlateXXII.Fig.6.
[1760]PlateXXII.Fig.6. a.
[1761]Ibid.b.
[1762]Ibid.Fig.5.b†.
[1763]MacLeay,Horæ Entomolog.9. Chabrier,Sur le Vol des Ins.c. i. 417.
[1764]PlateXXII.Fig.5. b b b.
[1765]Ibid.c.
[1766]Luke xii. 7.
[1767]See above, p.397—.
[1768]See above, p.580.
[1769]ChabrierSur le Vol des Ins.c. i. 413—.
[1770]See above, p.402.
[1771]ChabrierSur le Vol des Ins.c. i. 446, 448, 451—.
[1772]Ibid. 412.
[1773]Ubi supr. c. ii. 333.
[1774]According to M. Chabrier, who agrees with him, M. Latreille also is of opinion, that theparapleurais the analogue of the posteriorcoxæ.Ubi supra, c. ii. 312. Note 2.
[1775]M. Latreille has changed the denomination of this Order toRhiphiptera, because at first he thought that these organs were not at all analogous to elytra or wings; but since, upon further investigation, he appears to admit that they assist in flight (Annales Génér. des Scienc. Phys.VI. xviii. 8. Compare MacLeay,Hor. Entom.423. Note *), in common justice he is bound to restore the name originally given to the Order. In the same place of the work here quoted, M. Latreille also speaks of thesepseudelytra, as I would call them, as appendages of themesothorax: but whoever consults Mr. Bauer's admirable figures ofXenos Peckii(Linn. Trans.xi.t.ix.), and is aware of the unimpeached and minute accuracy of that admirable microscopic artist, will be convinced that they belong to theanteriorlegs, and consequently to theprothorax.
[1776]PlateX.andPlateXXVIII.Fig.18-23.
[1777]Chabrier,Analyse, &c. 27.
[1778]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.ix. 568. We have seen above (p. 578.) that the wings of insects are connected with their legs by thescapulaandparapleura.
[1779]MacLeay,Hor. Entomolog.413—. Mr. MacLeay's opinion seems to receive some confirmation from a circumstance overlooked when thelarvæof insects were treated of above (p. 130—), and to which he alludes (411); namely, that inthatstate they consist of two segments more than in theimago; these follow the three pedigerous segments, have no pro-legs, and are supposed to belong to the trunk rather than to the abdomen. To make this circumstance bear upon the question, it must be proved that in the perfect insect these segments in some manner become the back of the trunk and bear the wings. This would not be more wonderful than many changes that are known to occur in insects.
[1780]Latreille,Organization extérieure des Ins.173—.
[1781]For instanceMeloe, the female glow-worm,Lygæus brevipennis,Ephemera diptera,Cynips aptera, neuter ants, &c. &c.
[1782]See above, p.559.
[1783]Chionea araneoïdesDolm.
[1784]See above, p.560, andVol.II.348,352—.
[1785]See above, p. 591, Note1775.
[1786]De Geer, iii.t.xvii.f.10, 11.f f. M. Savigny has noticed a part in someAnnelides, which he regards as analogous toelytra.Système des Annelides, 4, 9, 11.
[1787]Vol.II. p.346—.
[1788]PlatesX.andXXVIII.b..
[1789]Ibid.c..
[1790]Ibid.d..
[1791]PlateXXVIII.Fig.3-5.b´´´.
[1792]ChabrierSur le Vol des Ins.c. i. 439.
[1793]PlateXXVIII.Fig.10.
[1794]Chabrierubi supr.
[1795]PlateXXVIII.Fig.6-8.d´´´.
[1796]Ibid.Fig.3-5.b´´´.
[1797]PlateXXVIII.Fig.3.
[1798]PlateX.Fig.1.c´´´.
[1799]PlateX.Fig.1. c.
[1800]PlateXXVIII.Fig.6-8.d´´´.
[1801]PlateXXVIII.Fig.8.
[1802]See above, p.582.
[1803]See above, p.402—.
[1804]Ibid.399.
[1805]Sur le Vol des Ins.i. c. 428—. c. ii. 325.
[1806]Oliv.Ins.No. 97.Cassida,t.i.f.10.
[1807]See above, p.397—.
[1808]See above, p.399—.
[1809]M. Chabrier says that the arc described by thewingsofMelolontha vulgaristo that of theelytra, is as 200 to less than 50.Sur le Vol des Ins.c. i. 440.
[1810]PlateX.Fig.2. andXXVIII.Fig.18-20.
[1811]Magas.1806.Terminologie der Insekt.18. 1675.
[1812]PlateX.Fig.2. is the tegmen of aBlattadivided into areas.
[1813]Sur le Vol des Ins.c. ii. 327—.
[1814]PlateX.Fig.2.b..
[1815]Ibid.c..
[1816]Ibid.d..
[1817]Stoll,Cigales,t.viii.f.39.
[1818]PlateX.Fig.2.
[1819]StollGrillonst.i. c.f.2.
[1820]Ibid.Spectrest.xxv.f.95. and xi.f.42.
[1821]Ibid.t.ii.f.5.Grillonst.i. c.f.1.
[1822]Ibid.Spectrest.xvi.f.58.
[1823]Ibid.Sauterelles à Sabr.t.iii.f.7. By this name (Pterophylla) I distinguish thoseLocustæF. without a conical head that are veined like leaves.
[1824]StollIbid.t.vi. a.f.18. andPlateXXVIII.Fig.19.
[1825]StollSauterel. à Sabr.t.i-iii.
[1826]Ibid.Spectrest.iv.f.14.
[1827]Ibid.Cigalest.i.f.1, 3-5. andt.vi.f.31.
[1828]StollCigalest.iii.f.12-15. andt.xvii.f.92.
[1829]Linn. Trans.xii. 449, no. 96.
[1830]Vol.I. p.395—.
[1831]Linn. Trans.xiii.t.i.f.14.Flatashould come before this genus.
[1832]Of this kind is one of Stoll'sCigales,t.xxv.f.141.
[1833]PlateXXVIII.Fig.18.