[531]Ibid.t.xii.f.6.D.t.xiii.f.1.b.[532]Ibid.133.t.xii.f.1-3.[533]Ibid.f.4.[534]Comp. Ramdohrt.xxii.f.3.M.Fig.4. 3. witht.xxi.f.1.I.[535]Ramdohrt.xxii.f.1. c.f.3, 4.B—.[536]Ibid.f.1.D E.f.3.C D.[537]Ibid.t.xxii.f.1.D, E.f.3.C, D.f.4.C.[538]Ibid.198.[539]Ibid.t.xxvi.f.2. 4.[540]Ibid.t.xxxiii.f.3.[541]Ramdohrt.xviii.f.1.F, G.[542]Ibid.L, K.[543]PlateXXX.Fig.7.[544]Ibid.Fig.8.[545]Ibid.Fig.9.[546]PlateXXX.Fig.10.[547]Ibid.Fig.11.a.[548]Ibid.e.[549]Ibid.d.[550]Ramdohr,Ibid.t.xx.f.1.E.f.6.C.[551]Ibid.t.xix.f.2.C.f.3.CCD.t.xx.f.2.E.[552]Ibid.t.xix.f.2.D.[553]Ibid.t.xx.f.2.FF.f.6.DD.184. 180.—[554]Ibid.t.xix.f.1.ON.f.2.OP.f.3.F.t.xxviii.f.1, 2.p. q.[555]Ramdohr,Ibid.t.xx.f.1.G.f.2, 3.L.[556]Ibid.t.xxi.f.1.D.[557]Ibid.172.[558]Ibid.t.xix.f.2.K L.This organ seems analogous to that with four retractile fleshy horns, observed by Reaumur and De Geer in other species ofMuscidæ. Reaum. iv.t.xxviii.f.13.a, s.De Geer vi.t.iii.f.18.c, d.[559]Ramdohrt.xxi.f.6.[560]Ramdohrt.xxix.f.1 *.A.[561]Ibid.andf.3.B, D.[562]Ibid.f.2, 3. 5. &c.[563]See above, p.99—.[564]Treviranus and Ramdohr are of the former opinion; and Meckel, Cuvier, Marcel de Serres, and Leon du Four, of the latter.[565]TreviranArachnid.t.1.f.6.v.[566]Ibid.n.[567]Ibid.t.ii.f.24. β.[568]TreviranArachnid.f.6.B B.[569]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.xxx. 423—. Comp. Treviranus,Arachnid.t.i.f.6.[570]Treviranus,Ibid.v.[571]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.xxx. 421—. Comp. Treviran.Ibid.[572]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.Ibid.[573]Treviran.Ibid.t.i.f.6.i i, c c.[574]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.Ibid.[575]Treviran.Ibid.t.ii.f.24.a.[576]Ibid.v, b.[577]Ibid.c, d, f.[578]Ibid.g, n.[579]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.Ibid.[580]Treviran.Ibid.28.[581]Ibid.t.ii.f.24. β.[582]Ramdohr,t.xix.f.1.[583]Reaum. i. 143.t.v.f.9.[584]Vol.II. p.88—.[585]De Geer iii. 26.[586]Reaum. iii. 357.t.xxix.f.6-10.[587]Vol.II. p.225.[588]Cuv.Anat. Comp.iv. 163—.[589]Vol.III. p.124—.[590]Malpigh.De Bombyc.t.v.f.2. Swamm.t.xxxiv.f.5. Lyonet,t.v.f.1.[591]Anat. der Ins.59.[592]Ibid.60. Malpigh. 20.[593]LyonetAnat.111.[594]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.xv. 483.[595]Anat. Comp.v. 198.[596]Ramdohr, 60.t.xvii.f.1.f, g, h, r.[597]Vol.I. p.403—. Treviran.Arachnid.42.[598]Treviran.Arachnid.43.t.iv.f.42.o. p.9.[599]Ibid.α, y.[600]Swamm. ii. 21. a.t.xxxvi.f.1.abcd.Ramdohr 58.[601]Schmet.t.iii.f.1.[602]Lyonet—. 112.t.v.f.1.P, Q, R, S.[603]RamdohrAnat.t.xviii.f.1.M.f.5.F.[604]Ibid.t.x.f.1.m.[605]Ibid.t.xxii.f.3.M L.Ramdohr regards the double one as a pair; but as they terminate in a single tube, they ought to be reckoned as one.[606]Ibid.f.4.[607]Ibid.f.2.K, L, M, N.t.xxiii.f.6.[608]Ibid.177.t.xxi.f.3.F. F.[609]Ibid.f.2.G, H.[610]Ibid.t.xxii.f.2.L.[611]Ibid.t.xxi.f.1.O.t.xvii.f.6.n.[612]RamdohrAnat.t.xx.f.6.D.[613]Ibid.t.xxii.f.1.K, L.f.2.I, K, L.[614]Ibid.f.3, 4, 5.[615]Ibid.57—.[616]Reaum. ii. 81. HeroldExpl. of Plates, x. Malpigh.De Bombyc.37.PlateXXX.Fig.12.c.[617]HeroldIbid.x.t.iv.f.1.p, u, y.Marcel de SerresMem. du Mus.1819. 141.[618]GaedeAnat.t.i.f.3.d.[619]Ibid.17.t.i.f.4.[620]Bibl. Nat.t.xix.f.3. β.[621]Reaum. v. 377.t.xxix.f.7.s.[622]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.xxx. 388.[623]Ibid.427—.[624]Arachnid.31.t.ii.f.21.p.9.[625]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.xxii. 114. 117. comp.Vol.I. p.127.[626]Ibid.xxviii. 6.[627]Osservazioni, &c. 13—.[628]Vol.II. p.243—.N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.iv. 308.[629]Ibid.iv. 309.[630]Ibid.v. 252.[631]De Geer iv. 358.t.xiii.f.9.m.[632]Vol.II. p.241—. III. p.147—.[633]De Geer iii. 41.[634]Vol.I. p.451, where by mistake it is represented as the work ofAphis Abietis.[635]De Geer iii. 111.[636]Reaum. iii.t.xxvi.f.4-6.[637]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.vi. 305.[638]Vol.III. p.221.[639]Treviran.Arachnid.44. In Paraguay a spider is found which makes spherical cocoons of yellow silk, which are spun because of the permanence of the colour. This operation occasions a flow of water from the eyes and nose of the spinners. AzaraVoyag.212. See also Murray inWerner. Trans.1823. 8—.[640]Reaum. v. 24.[641]Vol.II. p.244—.[642]RamdohrAnat.t.ii.-vi.[643]Ibid.20. See above, p.107. As some of theSialisteriarender to thestomach(see above, p.131), there seems no small affinity between these shags and those organs.[644]Cuv.Anat. Comp.iv. 132, 136.[645]Reaum. vi. Pref. xxviii. 177—.[646]Ibid.253—.[647]Ibid.iii. 375.[648]Anat.t.xii.f.6.[649]Ibid.xxi.f.3.I I.[650]Reaum. iii. 230.[651]Vol.III. p.79—.[652]Reaum. iii. 215. Bonnet ix. 182.[653]Vol.III. p.68—.[654]Marcel de SerresMem. du Mus.1819. 133, 141.[655]De Geer, v. 6.[656]Rai.Hist. Ins.62.[657]Vol.II. p.242—.248. Rai.Hist. Ins.94, 382.[658]Reaum. v. 448.[659]Ibid.v. 722.[660]Vol.I. p.196. II. p.176.[661]Encyclop. Britan.viii. 205. fromJourn. de Phys.[662]Vol.II. p.174.[663]Reaum. iii. 318—.t.xxvi.f.1-6.[664]Ibid.396—.t.xxxi.f.20-29.[665]Insect. Suec.i. 257.[666]Vol.I. p.327.[667]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.xvii. 189.[668]Nicholson'sJourn.i. 298—.[669]Vol.III.281.[670]Philos. Trans.1670.[671]Philos. Trans.Ibid.Ray's Lett. 74.[672]AmoreuxIns. Venim.236—.[673]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.xii. 94.[674]Southey'sBrazil, i. 645.[675]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.ubi supr.[676]Vol.II. p.67.[677]Syst. of Chemist.533.[678]GermarMag. der Ent.iii. 445—.[679]Mem. Dijon1783. ii. 70.[680]Reaum. v. 354.[681]On Poisons, i. 265—.[682]Ibid.269.[683]Reaum.ubi supr.[684]Vol.I. p.124. III. p.716—.[685]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.xxx. 427.[686]I use the termodorous, not in the same sense asodoriferous, but to include both sweet and fetid scents.[687]Vol.II. p.238—. III. p.147—.[688]A Brazilian wood so called, but differing from the common cedar.[689]DothardingInsect. Coleopt. Danic.[690]SturmDeutsch. Fn.i. 27.[691]Reaum. iii. 494.[692]Mon. Ap. Angl.i. 136.[693]Osservaz. sullo Iulus, &c.14.[694]Vol.III. p.297—.[695]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.xv. 487.[696]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.iv. 308.[697]Dated Tripoli in the West, January 21, 1819.[698]Vol.II. p.418—.[699]Reaum. i. 145. LyonetAnat.106—.N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.xvi. 224.PlateXXI.Fig.5.a.[700]See above, p. 90. note387.[701]See above, p.78.[702]Huber i. 273.[703]HeroldSchmetterl.tab. expl. vii.[704]HeroldSchmetterl.t.iv.f.1.x.&c.PlateXXX.Fig.12.d.[705]De Bombyc.36.[706]Ibid.t.xii.f.1. I. and,f.2. O. M.[707]Philos. Trans.1792. 186.[708]Swammerdam, in dissecting the female ofOryctes nasicornis, discovered a blind vessel opening into the vagina, and at the other or inner extremity not terminated by any secretory tube, containing a yellowish matter, that seems analogous to the organ mentioned in the text; and in the hive-bee he found a similar organ covered with air-vessels, which he supposes to be connected with theColleterium(see above, p.132.), and which he states to contain a slimy matter.Bibl. Nat.i. 151. b.t.xxx.f.10.g.204. b.t.xxix.f.3.t.Perhaps likewise the organ discovered by M. L. Dufour inScolia,—which he imagines to belong to the poison-secretor, and which he describes as a sac consisting of a double tunic, the exterior one muscular and the interior membranous, and filled with a blueish-green gelatinous matter (N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.xxx. 388.)—may be aspermatheca.[709]De Insector. Genital.17.[710]I allude to those organs above described (p. 132.) for the secretion of matter for varnishing the eggs or lubricating the oviduct. It seems most probable, if the fecundation of the eggs takes place gradually, that upon their passing into the oviduct, a special reservoir should be appropriated to the reception of the male sperm, adapted to maintaining in due activity the vivifying principle, oraura seminalis.[711]HeroldSchmett.t.iv.f.2.m n.[712]Treviran.Arachnid.36.t.iv.f.32.aa.Marcel de Serres inMém. du Mus.1819. 89.[713]Marcel de Serres,Mém. du Mus.1819. 115.[714]Rifferschw.De Genital. Ins.11.[715]Marcel de Serres inMém. du Mus.1819. 109.PlateXXX.Fig.12.a.[716]Rifferschw.ubi supr.23—. Swamm.Bibl. Nat.t.xlii.f.8.a, f, g, h.[717]Ibid.i. 104.t.xv.f.3. ii. 62.t.xii.f.8. Treviran.Arachnid.t.iv.f.32.[718]Reaum. iv. 391.[719]PosseltAnat. der Ins.t.i.f.28, 29.[720]N. Dict, d'Hist. Nat.xxx. 387—. Swamm.ubi supr.ii. 23.t.xxxv.f.3.[721]Ibid.i. 203.[722]PlateXXII.Fig.2.[723]Swamm.ubi supr.i. 151. GaedeAnat. der Ins.t.ii.f.3.[724]Swamm. i. 203.[725]GaedeAnat. der Ins.20.t.i.f.9.[726]Ibid.25, 28.t.ii.f.10.[727]Ibid.32.[728]Swamm. ii. 74.[729]Ibid.203.t.xix.f.3.[730]Reaum. iv. 391—.[731]Swamm.t.xliii.f.19.[732]Gaede 22.[733]Swamm.Bibl. Nat.i. 203.[734]Ibid.[735]Rifferschw. 11—.[736]Swamm.t.xlii.f.8. Gaede,t.i.f.3.cc.[737]HeroldSchmett.t.v.f.10. 12.[738]PlateXXX.Fig.12.[739]PlateXXII.f.2.b.[740]Swamm.t.xix.f.4.b.[741]Ibid.f.3.[742]Vol.I. p.355—.[743]De Geer iv. 127.t.iv.f.17.[744]De Geer iv. 143.t.v.f.15.[745]Vol.I. p.357.[746]De Geer. v. 62.t.iii.f.12.[747]PlateXV.Fig.18.[748]StollSauterel.t.xxii. b.f.87, &c.[749]De Geer iii. 418.t.xxi.f.10, 11. Latr.Gen. Crust. et Ins.iii. 98.[750]Stollubi supr.t.xiii. a.f.51.[751]This insect, which connectsConocephalus,Acrida, &c. withLocusta, is also distinguished by antennæ at first filiform and then setaceous.[752]De Geer iii.t.xxiv.f.1, 12.[753]Ibid.176.t.xi.f.19.[754]Vol.II. p.397—.[755]Reaum. v. 177—.[756]Ibid.vi. 435.t.xl.f.6, 7.[757]Natural History of the Slug-worm, 12—.f.12, 13.[758]Valisn.Esperienz. &c. Musca dé Rosai.Reaum. v. 100—. De Geer ii. 916—. The last writer thought he saw in the back of the saw itself a longitudinal cavity (918), which applied to the groove would form an open canal.[759]PlateXVI.Fig.1.[760]Ibid.[761]Reaum. v. 347.t.xlix.f.10.d, f.[762]See above,Vol.III.390. a.[763]See above,Vol.I.448—.[764]De Geer ii. 835.t.xxviii.f.20, 21.PlateXV.Fig.22. This figure was drawn by a friend—the organ seems more exerted than in De Geer's. I cannot make out the little appendage at the end.[765]PlateXVI.Fig.2, 3.[766]Reaum. v. 19—.t.iii.f.3-6.[767]Arachnid.40.[768]HuberNouvel. Observ.i. 106.[769]Swamm.Bibl. Nat.t.xix.f.2.[770]Philos. Trans.1797. 80.[771]Vol.I. p.461.[772]Compare Reaum. iii. 153. PallasAct. Nat. Cur.1767. iii. 430.Wien. Verzeich.292.[773]NaturforStk. xx. 59—.[774]It does not appear to be clearly decided whether the eggs are extruded from the female, or whether dying immediately after fecundation they are hatched within her body. As the young larvæ certainly are hatched in the pupa (not merely within the exterior case of bits of grass, &c., which includes it) which the body of the insect must fill, it does not seem easy to conceive how she can find room for oviposition; and yet Von Scheven expressly says that one female ofPs. vestita—which being kept from all access to the male actually left the pupa-case and wandered about the glass which contained them—laid unfruitful eggs.[775]Vol.I. p.32,175.[776]Bonnet i. 19—.[777]Reaum. vi. 551.[778]Reaum. vi. 552.[779]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.ii. 284.[780]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.ix. 125. Bonnet and Jurine both found that the female Aphides and Branchiopods that were fertile without the usual intercourse of the sexes were less fruitful than their mother, and those of the last generation less so than the first. Latr.Hist. Nat. des Crust. et Ins.xi. 292.[781]See more on the subject of fecundation,Vol.II. p.154—.169—.[782]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.xxx. 426.[783]Vol.III. p.68.[784]De Geer iii. 533.[785]Swamm. i. 203. b.t.xix.f.3.[786]Reaum. ii. 66.[787]Vol.II. p.36.[788]Vol.III. p.64—.[789]PlateXXII.Fig.4.[790]Ibid.Fig.3.[791]Reaum. iv. 414.[792]Ibid.t.xxviii.f.14, 15.[793]Ibid.404.[794]De Geer vi. 63—.[795]Vol.I. p.175.[796]De Geer iii. 70—.[797]Ibid.128.[798]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.xxx. 426—.[799]Vol.III. p.64—.[800]Vol.II. p.50,110—,118—,125—,130—. The neuters of theTermites, however, (p.33.) seem to be a distinct sex, if I may so speak—and to merit that name.
[531]Ibid.t.xii.f.6.D.t.xiii.f.1.b.
[532]Ibid.133.t.xii.f.1-3.
[533]Ibid.f.4.
[534]Comp. Ramdohrt.xxii.f.3.M.Fig.4. 3. witht.xxi.f.1.I.
[535]Ramdohrt.xxii.f.1. c.f.3, 4.B—.
[536]Ibid.f.1.D E.f.3.C D.
[537]Ibid.t.xxii.f.1.D, E.f.3.C, D.f.4.C.
[538]Ibid.198.
[539]Ibid.t.xxvi.f.2. 4.
[540]Ibid.t.xxxiii.f.3.
[541]Ramdohrt.xviii.f.1.F, G.
[542]Ibid.L, K.
[543]PlateXXX.Fig.7.
[544]Ibid.Fig.8.
[545]Ibid.Fig.9.
[546]PlateXXX.Fig.10.
[547]Ibid.Fig.11.a.
[548]Ibid.e.
[549]Ibid.d.
[550]Ramdohr,Ibid.t.xx.f.1.E.f.6.C.
[551]Ibid.t.xix.f.2.C.f.3.CCD.t.xx.f.2.E.
[552]Ibid.t.xix.f.2.D.
[553]Ibid.t.xx.f.2.FF.f.6.DD.184. 180.—
[554]Ibid.t.xix.f.1.ON.f.2.OP.f.3.F.t.xxviii.f.1, 2.p. q.
[555]Ramdohr,Ibid.t.xx.f.1.G.f.2, 3.L.
[556]Ibid.t.xxi.f.1.D.
[557]Ibid.172.
[558]Ibid.t.xix.f.2.K L.This organ seems analogous to that with four retractile fleshy horns, observed by Reaumur and De Geer in other species ofMuscidæ. Reaum. iv.t.xxviii.f.13.a, s.De Geer vi.t.iii.f.18.c, d.
[559]Ramdohrt.xxi.f.6.
[560]Ramdohrt.xxix.f.1 *.A.
[561]Ibid.andf.3.B, D.
[562]Ibid.f.2, 3. 5. &c.
[563]See above, p.99—.
[564]Treviranus and Ramdohr are of the former opinion; and Meckel, Cuvier, Marcel de Serres, and Leon du Four, of the latter.
[565]TreviranArachnid.t.1.f.6.v.
[566]Ibid.n.
[567]Ibid.t.ii.f.24. β.
[568]TreviranArachnid.f.6.B B.
[569]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.xxx. 423—. Comp. Treviranus,Arachnid.t.i.f.6.
[570]Treviranus,Ibid.v.
[571]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.xxx. 421—. Comp. Treviran.Ibid.
[572]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.Ibid.
[573]Treviran.Ibid.t.i.f.6.i i, c c.
[574]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.Ibid.
[575]Treviran.Ibid.t.ii.f.24.a.
[576]Ibid.v, b.
[577]Ibid.c, d, f.
[578]Ibid.g, n.
[579]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.Ibid.
[580]Treviran.Ibid.28.
[581]Ibid.t.ii.f.24. β.
[582]Ramdohr,t.xix.f.1.
[583]Reaum. i. 143.t.v.f.9.
[584]Vol.II. p.88—.
[585]De Geer iii. 26.
[586]Reaum. iii. 357.t.xxix.f.6-10.
[587]Vol.II. p.225.
[588]Cuv.Anat. Comp.iv. 163—.
[589]Vol.III. p.124—.
[590]Malpigh.De Bombyc.t.v.f.2. Swamm.t.xxxiv.f.5. Lyonet,t.v.f.1.
[591]Anat. der Ins.59.
[592]Ibid.60. Malpigh. 20.
[593]LyonetAnat.111.
[594]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.xv. 483.
[595]Anat. Comp.v. 198.
[596]Ramdohr, 60.t.xvii.f.1.f, g, h, r.
[597]Vol.I. p.403—. Treviran.Arachnid.42.
[598]Treviran.Arachnid.43.t.iv.f.42.o. p.9.
[599]Ibid.α, y.
[600]Swamm. ii. 21. a.t.xxxvi.f.1.abcd.Ramdohr 58.
[601]Schmet.t.iii.f.1.
[602]Lyonet—. 112.t.v.f.1.P, Q, R, S.
[603]RamdohrAnat.t.xviii.f.1.M.f.5.F.
[604]Ibid.t.x.f.1.m.
[605]Ibid.t.xxii.f.3.M L.Ramdohr regards the double one as a pair; but as they terminate in a single tube, they ought to be reckoned as one.
[606]Ibid.f.4.
[607]Ibid.f.2.K, L, M, N.t.xxiii.f.6.
[608]Ibid.177.t.xxi.f.3.F. F.
[609]Ibid.f.2.G, H.
[610]Ibid.t.xxii.f.2.L.
[611]Ibid.t.xxi.f.1.O.t.xvii.f.6.n.
[612]RamdohrAnat.t.xx.f.6.D.
[613]Ibid.t.xxii.f.1.K, L.f.2.I, K, L.
[614]Ibid.f.3, 4, 5.
[615]Ibid.57—.
[616]Reaum. ii. 81. HeroldExpl. of Plates, x. Malpigh.De Bombyc.37.PlateXXX.Fig.12.c.
[617]HeroldIbid.x.t.iv.f.1.p, u, y.Marcel de SerresMem. du Mus.1819. 141.
[618]GaedeAnat.t.i.f.3.d.
[619]Ibid.17.t.i.f.4.
[620]Bibl. Nat.t.xix.f.3. β.
[621]Reaum. v. 377.t.xxix.f.7.s.
[622]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.xxx. 388.
[623]Ibid.427—.
[624]Arachnid.31.t.ii.f.21.p.9.
[625]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.xxii. 114. 117. comp.Vol.I. p.127.
[626]Ibid.xxviii. 6.
[627]Osservazioni, &c. 13—.
[628]Vol.II. p.243—.N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.iv. 308.
[629]Ibid.iv. 309.
[630]Ibid.v. 252.
[631]De Geer iv. 358.t.xiii.f.9.m.
[632]Vol.II. p.241—. III. p.147—.
[633]De Geer iii. 41.
[634]Vol.I. p.451, where by mistake it is represented as the work ofAphis Abietis.
[635]De Geer iii. 111.
[636]Reaum. iii.t.xxvi.f.4-6.
[637]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.vi. 305.
[638]Vol.III. p.221.
[639]Treviran.Arachnid.44. In Paraguay a spider is found which makes spherical cocoons of yellow silk, which are spun because of the permanence of the colour. This operation occasions a flow of water from the eyes and nose of the spinners. AzaraVoyag.212. See also Murray inWerner. Trans.1823. 8—.
[640]Reaum. v. 24.
[641]Vol.II. p.244—.
[642]RamdohrAnat.t.ii.-vi.
[643]Ibid.20. See above, p.107. As some of theSialisteriarender to thestomach(see above, p.131), there seems no small affinity between these shags and those organs.
[644]Cuv.Anat. Comp.iv. 132, 136.
[645]Reaum. vi. Pref. xxviii. 177—.
[646]Ibid.253—.
[647]Ibid.iii. 375.
[648]Anat.t.xii.f.6.
[649]Ibid.xxi.f.3.I I.
[650]Reaum. iii. 230.
[651]Vol.III. p.79—.
[652]Reaum. iii. 215. Bonnet ix. 182.
[653]Vol.III. p.68—.
[654]Marcel de SerresMem. du Mus.1819. 133, 141.
[655]De Geer, v. 6.
[656]Rai.Hist. Ins.62.
[657]Vol.II. p.242—.248. Rai.Hist. Ins.94, 382.
[658]Reaum. v. 448.
[659]Ibid.v. 722.
[660]Vol.I. p.196. II. p.176.
[661]Encyclop. Britan.viii. 205. fromJourn. de Phys.
[662]Vol.II. p.174.
[663]Reaum. iii. 318—.t.xxvi.f.1-6.
[664]Ibid.396—.t.xxxi.f.20-29.
[665]Insect. Suec.i. 257.
[666]Vol.I. p.327.
[667]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.xvii. 189.
[668]Nicholson'sJourn.i. 298—.
[669]Vol.III.281.
[670]Philos. Trans.1670.
[671]Philos. Trans.Ibid.Ray's Lett. 74.
[672]AmoreuxIns. Venim.236—.
[673]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.xii. 94.
[674]Southey'sBrazil, i. 645.
[675]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.ubi supr.
[676]Vol.II. p.67.
[677]Syst. of Chemist.533.
[678]GermarMag. der Ent.iii. 445—.
[679]Mem. Dijon1783. ii. 70.
[680]Reaum. v. 354.
[681]On Poisons, i. 265—.
[682]Ibid.269.
[683]Reaum.ubi supr.
[684]Vol.I. p.124. III. p.716—.
[685]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.xxx. 427.
[686]I use the termodorous, not in the same sense asodoriferous, but to include both sweet and fetid scents.
[687]Vol.II. p.238—. III. p.147—.
[688]A Brazilian wood so called, but differing from the common cedar.
[689]DothardingInsect. Coleopt. Danic.
[690]SturmDeutsch. Fn.i. 27.
[691]Reaum. iii. 494.
[692]Mon. Ap. Angl.i. 136.
[693]Osservaz. sullo Iulus, &c.14.
[694]Vol.III. p.297—.
[695]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.xv. 487.
[696]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.iv. 308.
[697]Dated Tripoli in the West, January 21, 1819.
[698]Vol.II. p.418—.
[699]Reaum. i. 145. LyonetAnat.106—.N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.xvi. 224.PlateXXI.Fig.5.a.
[700]See above, p. 90. note387.
[701]See above, p.78.
[702]Huber i. 273.
[703]HeroldSchmetterl.tab. expl. vii.
[704]HeroldSchmetterl.t.iv.f.1.x.&c.PlateXXX.Fig.12.d.
[705]De Bombyc.36.
[706]Ibid.t.xii.f.1. I. and,f.2. O. M.
[707]Philos. Trans.1792. 186.
[708]Swammerdam, in dissecting the female ofOryctes nasicornis, discovered a blind vessel opening into the vagina, and at the other or inner extremity not terminated by any secretory tube, containing a yellowish matter, that seems analogous to the organ mentioned in the text; and in the hive-bee he found a similar organ covered with air-vessels, which he supposes to be connected with theColleterium(see above, p.132.), and which he states to contain a slimy matter.Bibl. Nat.i. 151. b.t.xxx.f.10.g.204. b.t.xxix.f.3.t.Perhaps likewise the organ discovered by M. L. Dufour inScolia,—which he imagines to belong to the poison-secretor, and which he describes as a sac consisting of a double tunic, the exterior one muscular and the interior membranous, and filled with a blueish-green gelatinous matter (N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.xxx. 388.)—may be aspermatheca.
[709]De Insector. Genital.17.
[710]I allude to those organs above described (p. 132.) for the secretion of matter for varnishing the eggs or lubricating the oviduct. It seems most probable, if the fecundation of the eggs takes place gradually, that upon their passing into the oviduct, a special reservoir should be appropriated to the reception of the male sperm, adapted to maintaining in due activity the vivifying principle, oraura seminalis.
[711]HeroldSchmett.t.iv.f.2.m n.
[712]Treviran.Arachnid.36.t.iv.f.32.aa.Marcel de Serres inMém. du Mus.1819. 89.
[713]Marcel de Serres,Mém. du Mus.1819. 115.
[714]Rifferschw.De Genital. Ins.11.
[715]Marcel de Serres inMém. du Mus.1819. 109.PlateXXX.Fig.12.a.
[716]Rifferschw.ubi supr.23—. Swamm.Bibl. Nat.t.xlii.f.8.a, f, g, h.
[717]Ibid.i. 104.t.xv.f.3. ii. 62.t.xii.f.8. Treviran.Arachnid.t.iv.f.32.
[718]Reaum. iv. 391.
[719]PosseltAnat. der Ins.t.i.f.28, 29.
[720]N. Dict, d'Hist. Nat.xxx. 387—. Swamm.ubi supr.ii. 23.t.xxxv.f.3.
[721]Ibid.i. 203.
[722]PlateXXII.Fig.2.
[723]Swamm.ubi supr.i. 151. GaedeAnat. der Ins.t.ii.f.3.
[724]Swamm. i. 203.
[725]GaedeAnat. der Ins.20.t.i.f.9.
[726]Ibid.25, 28.t.ii.f.10.
[727]Ibid.32.
[728]Swamm. ii. 74.
[729]Ibid.203.t.xix.f.3.
[730]Reaum. iv. 391—.
[731]Swamm.t.xliii.f.19.
[732]Gaede 22.
[733]Swamm.Bibl. Nat.i. 203.
[734]Ibid.
[735]Rifferschw. 11—.
[736]Swamm.t.xlii.f.8. Gaede,t.i.f.3.cc.
[737]HeroldSchmett.t.v.f.10. 12.
[738]PlateXXX.Fig.12.
[739]PlateXXII.f.2.b.
[740]Swamm.t.xix.f.4.b.
[741]Ibid.f.3.
[742]Vol.I. p.355—.
[743]De Geer iv. 127.t.iv.f.17.
[744]De Geer iv. 143.t.v.f.15.
[745]Vol.I. p.357.
[746]De Geer. v. 62.t.iii.f.12.
[747]PlateXV.Fig.18.
[748]StollSauterel.t.xxii. b.f.87, &c.
[749]De Geer iii. 418.t.xxi.f.10, 11. Latr.Gen. Crust. et Ins.iii. 98.
[750]Stollubi supr.t.xiii. a.f.51.
[751]This insect, which connectsConocephalus,Acrida, &c. withLocusta, is also distinguished by antennæ at first filiform and then setaceous.
[752]De Geer iii.t.xxiv.f.1, 12.
[753]Ibid.176.t.xi.f.19.
[754]Vol.II. p.397—.
[755]Reaum. v. 177—.
[756]Ibid.vi. 435.t.xl.f.6, 7.
[757]Natural History of the Slug-worm, 12—.f.12, 13.
[758]Valisn.Esperienz. &c. Musca dé Rosai.Reaum. v. 100—. De Geer ii. 916—. The last writer thought he saw in the back of the saw itself a longitudinal cavity (918), which applied to the groove would form an open canal.
[759]PlateXVI.Fig.1.
[760]Ibid.
[761]Reaum. v. 347.t.xlix.f.10.d, f.
[762]See above,Vol.III.390. a.
[763]See above,Vol.I.448—.
[764]De Geer ii. 835.t.xxviii.f.20, 21.PlateXV.Fig.22. This figure was drawn by a friend—the organ seems more exerted than in De Geer's. I cannot make out the little appendage at the end.
[765]PlateXVI.Fig.2, 3.
[766]Reaum. v. 19—.t.iii.f.3-6.
[767]Arachnid.40.
[768]HuberNouvel. Observ.i. 106.
[769]Swamm.Bibl. Nat.t.xix.f.2.
[770]Philos. Trans.1797. 80.
[771]Vol.I. p.461.
[772]Compare Reaum. iii. 153. PallasAct. Nat. Cur.1767. iii. 430.Wien. Verzeich.292.
[773]NaturforStk. xx. 59—.
[774]It does not appear to be clearly decided whether the eggs are extruded from the female, or whether dying immediately after fecundation they are hatched within her body. As the young larvæ certainly are hatched in the pupa (not merely within the exterior case of bits of grass, &c., which includes it) which the body of the insect must fill, it does not seem easy to conceive how she can find room for oviposition; and yet Von Scheven expressly says that one female ofPs. vestita—which being kept from all access to the male actually left the pupa-case and wandered about the glass which contained them—laid unfruitful eggs.
[775]Vol.I. p.32,175.
[776]Bonnet i. 19—.
[777]Reaum. vi. 551.
[778]Reaum. vi. 552.
[779]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.ii. 284.
[780]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.ix. 125. Bonnet and Jurine both found that the female Aphides and Branchiopods that were fertile without the usual intercourse of the sexes were less fruitful than their mother, and those of the last generation less so than the first. Latr.Hist. Nat. des Crust. et Ins.xi. 292.
[781]See more on the subject of fecundation,Vol.II. p.154—.169—.
[782]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.xxx. 426.
[783]Vol.III. p.68.
[784]De Geer iii. 533.
[785]Swamm. i. 203. b.t.xix.f.3.
[786]Reaum. ii. 66.
[787]Vol.II. p.36.
[788]Vol.III. p.64—.
[789]PlateXXII.Fig.4.
[790]Ibid.Fig.3.
[791]Reaum. iv. 414.
[792]Ibid.t.xxviii.f.14, 15.
[793]Ibid.404.
[794]De Geer vi. 63—.
[795]Vol.I. p.175.
[796]De Geer iii. 70—.
[797]Ibid.128.
[798]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.xxx. 426—.
[799]Vol.III. p.64—.
[800]Vol.II. p.50,110—,118—,125—,130—. The neuters of theTermites, however, (p.33.) seem to be a distinct sex, if I may so speak—and to merit that name.